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The Value of Pyrans As Anticancer Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry

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The Value of Pyrans As Anticancer Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry RSC Advances REVIEW View Article Online View Journal | View Issue The value of pyrans as anticancer scaffolds in medicinal chemistry† Cite this: RSC Adv.,2017,7, 36977 Dinesh Kumar,*a Pooja Sharma,ae Harmanpreet Singh,a Kunal Nepali,a Girish Kumar Gupta,*b Subheet Kumar Jaina and Fidele Ntie-Kang *cd Pyran is an oxygen-containing heterocyclic moiety, which exhibits an array of pharmacological properties. Pyran is also one of the important structural subunits found widely in natural products, e.g. coumarins, benzopyrans, sugars, flavonoids, xanthones, etc. The diverse anticancer capabilities of pyrans have been additionally evidenced by the fact that this heterocycle has recently been a focal point for researchers worldwide. This review provides a summary of pyran-based anticancer compounds, with emphasis on the past 10 years. It focuses on advancements in the field of naturally occurring pyrans as anticancer agents. The discussion also includes structure–activity relationships, along with the structures of the most promising molecules, their biological activities against several human cancer cell lines, as well as Received 14th May 2017 mechanistic insights discovered through the pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. Accepted 17th July 2017 pyran-based molecules. The promising activities revealed by these pyran-based scaffolds undoubtedly DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05441f place them at the forefront for the discovery of prospective drug candidates. Thus, they could therefore rsc.li/rsc-advances be of great interest to researchers working on the synthesis of antitumour drug candidates. aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, dInstitute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universitat¨ Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang- Punjab-143005, India. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +91-9988902489 Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany. E-mail: [email protected]; bDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi [email protected]; Tel: +49 3455525043 Markandeshwer University, Mullana, 133203, Haryana, India. E-mail: eSri Sai College of Pharmacy Manawala, Amritsar, 143115, Punjab, India This article is licensed under a ff girish_pharmacist92@redi mail.com; Tel: +91-80599-30169; +91-72069-30164 † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, 10.1039/c7ra05441f Cameroon. E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: +237 677915473 Open Access Article. Published on 25 July 2017. Downloaded 9/29/2021 10:33:00 AM. Dinesh Kumar graduated in Pooja Sharma is a graduate in pharmacy in 2005 from the pharmacy from the Punjab Punjab Technical University, Technical University (2005), occupying the 4th position in the later obtaining her Master's entire university. In 2008 he degree in Pharmacognosy obtained his Master's degree in (Phytochemistry) in 2008 from pharmaceutical chemistry from the Department of Pharmaceu- the Guru Nanak Dev University, tical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev Amritsar, Punjab, India. He is University, Amritsar. During her currently a Ph.D. candidate in graduate studies, she emerged pharmaceutical sciences from 2nd position in the university. the Guru Nanak Dev University, She also worked in the Council Amritsar, where he works on the of Scientic & Industrial synthesis and evaluation of chalconoid hybrids as potent anti- Research (CSIR) laboratory of India at Jammu, focusing on the proliferative agents. In 2014 he became Assistant Professor of phytochemical investigation and standardization of extracts from Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. Boerhaavia diffusa. She later became Assistant Professor in Sri His current research is focused on the synthesis and evaluation Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar, Punjab, India. novel heterocycles, along with their application in medicinal Currently she is Head of Department at Sri Sai College of Phar- chemistry. macy, Manawala, Amritsar, Punjab, India, where she focuses on the extraction and isolation of phytochemical constituents of pharmaceutical interest. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 RSC Adv.,2017,7, 36977–36999 | 36977 View Article Online RSC Advances Review 1 Introduction Despite continued research efforts towards the development of anticancer (chemotherapeutic) drugs, cancer remains a primary “ ” The expression tumour induces fear, particularly when one cause of death. It is estimated that the number of cancer cases 1 considers recent statistics of cancer cases worldwide. Another may reach up to 15 million at the end of 2020.2–6 cause for concern is the mammoth task that physicians must According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more carry out in order to attempt to save patients' lives. A tumour is than 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medi- depicted by the uncontrolled development and spread of cines for their essential health care needs.7,8 Plants have a long abnormal cells. While normal body cells grow, divide and die in history of their utilization in the treatment of tumors and it is an orderly fashion, cancer cells do not follow this norm. They estimated that more than 60% of presently utilised anticancer rather continue to grow and divide in a disorderly fashion. The agents are obtained from nature.8 Heterocyclics represent the weapons used for this ght generally include specialised most abundant compound classes present among known drugs. surgical operations, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Typically, the former need to be decorated with suitable Harmanpreet Singh studied Girish Kumar Gupta graduated pharmacy at the Punjab Tech- in pharmacy in 2006 from Guru nical University between 2006 Jambheswar University of and 2010. His post graduate Science and Technology, Hisar, work was within the eld of India. In 2009 he obtained his pharmaceutics (ISF college of Master's degree in pharmaceu- Pharmacy), where he worked on tical chemistry from the Univer- the transmucosal delivery of sity Institute of Pharmaceutical Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. docetaxel using nanober as Sciences, Kurukshetra Univer- a carrier system for the treat- sity, Kurukshetra, Haryana, ment of buccal cancer. He star- India. Currently working as ted his Ph.D. in 2014 at the Guru Assistant Professor in M. M. Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, College of Pharmacy, Maharishi India, where he is currently working on the development of Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India, he has more different carrier system for increasing the bioavailability, shelf life than 8 years of research experience in pharmaceutical eld and effective delivery of the docosahexanoic acid (DHA). including academic and industrial research and teaching. He has This article is licensed under a over 60 publications in the eld of heterocyclic chemistry in peer reviewed high impact journals. He is also a member of many pharmaceutical associations and societies. He is also an editorial board member, editor, guest editor and reviewer of many reputed Open Access Article. Published on 25 July 2017. Downloaded 9/29/2021 10:33:00 AM. international and national journals. His area of research encom- passes drug design, molecular modelling, green synthesis related to nitrogen containing heterocycles. Kunal Nepali obtained his Subheet Kumar Jain obtained Master's degree in pharmaceu- his M. Pharmacy in pharmaceu- tical chemistry from ISF college tics from Dr H. S. Gour Univer- of Pharmacy Moga, Punjab in sity, Sagar in 2000. He later 2008. He later obtained his obtained his Ph.D. in pharma- Ph.D. in pharmaceutical chem- ceutical sciences from the same istry from the Punjab Technical university in 2004. Currently, he University. His research is is working as Professor & Head focused on designing bioactive in the Department of Pharma- products based on SAR studies, ceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak developing synthetic methodol- Dev University, Amritsar. His ogies for multi-component areas of interest include novel synthesis and molecular drug delivery systems, anti- modeling studies of xanthine oxidase and tubulin inhibitors. In cancer drug delivery using nano carrier approaches, dermal drug 2011 he became Assistant Professor at the Department of Phar- delivery using carrier approaches, and gastro-retentive drug maceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. He has delivery. He has published his research in many national and attended many national and international conferences and has international journals. published his research in journals of international repute. 36978 | RSC Adv.,2017,7, 36977–36999 This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 View Article Online Review RSC Advances substituents in order to obtain their appropriate biological origin’ and ‘man-made’. Numerous naturally occurring effects.9 compounds containing pyrans and benzopyrans, show fasci- Tremendous progress has been made in the war against nating therapeutic activities. These have spurred considerable cancer, with the development of many novel chemotherapeutic awareness of the synthetic arena based on their structure, agents. However, due to toxicity and drug-resistance problems reactivity, synthesis and biological properties. The classication encountered with many currently available treatments, it of pyran heterocyclic compounds depends on the presence of remains a great challenge to discover and develop more effec-
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