Biodiversity Education Initiative for Middle School Students Meryl Gray Hunter Worcester Polytechnic Institute
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute Digital WPI Interactive Qualifying Projects (All Years) Interactive Qualifying Projects December 2004 Biodiversity Education Initiative for Middle School Students Meryl Gray Hunter Worcester Polytechnic Institute Peter J. Vallieres Worcester Polytechnic Institute Vincent Joseph Papia Worcester Polytechnic Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all Repository Citation Gray Hunter, M., Vallieres, P. J., & Papia, V. J. (2004). Biodiversity Education Initiative for Middle School Students. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all/3056 This Unrestricted is brought to you for free and open access by the Interactive Qualifying Projects at Digital WPI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Interactive Qualifying Projects (All Years) by an authorized administrator of Digital WPI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tuesday December 14, 2004 Mr. Francisco Dallmeier, Director Mr. Alfonso Alonso, Assistant Director Ms. Jennifer Sevin, Education and Training Coordinator Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 Dear Mr. Dallmeier, Mr. Alonso, and Ms. Sevin, Enclosed is our report entitled Biodiversity Education Initiative for Middle School Students. It was written at the Smithsonian Institution, Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity during the period of October 29 through December 14, 2004. Preliminary work was completed in Worcester, Massachusetts, prior to our arrival in Washington, D.C. Copies of this report are simultaneously being submitted to Professors Demetry and Petruccelli. Upon faculty review, the original copy of this report will be catalogued in the Gordon Library at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. We appreciate the time that you have devoted to us. Sincerely, Meryl Gray Vincent Papia Peter Vallieres BIODIVERSITY EDUCATION INITIATIVE FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS Report Submitted to: James Demetry Joseph Petruccelli Worcester Polytechnic Institute Washington Project Center By Meryl Gray _______________________ Vincent Papia ________________________ Peter Vallieres ________________________ In Cooperation With Dr. Francisco Dallmeier, Director, Dr. Alfonso Alonso, Assistant Director, and Ms. Jennifer Sevin, Education and Training Coordinator Smithsonian Institution Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity December 14, 2004 ________________________ Advisor Signature ________________________ Co-advisor Signature ii Abstract This report, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution’s Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program, details the research done to determine the current world state of biodiversity education and the best possible methods and format for a biodiversity education program targeted at middle school students. Within the report is an explanation of the purpose, need, goals, methods, execution, results, and recommendations of this project. iii AUTHORSHIP PAGE 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vincent 2.0 INTRODUCTION Vincent 3.0 BACKGROUND 3.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program Vincent 3.2 Biodiversity Meryl 3.3 Education Peter 4.0 METHODOLOGY 4.1 Inventory of Organizations Vincent 4.2 Surveys on Biodiversity Education Meryl 4.3 Biodiversity Education and Curriculum Standards Peter 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5.1 Inventory of Biodiversity Education Centers Vincent 5.2 Surveys of Middle School Teachers and Students Peter 5.3 Curriculum Meryl 6.0 CONCLUSIONS 6.1 Conclusions from Inventory Vincent 6.2 Conclusions from Surveys Peter 6.3 Conclusions from Curriculum Standards Meryl 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS Peter 8.0 APPENDICES Appendix A: Sponsor Description Meryl, Vincent Appendix B: Original Teacher and Student Questionnaires Peter Appendix C: Organization Descriptions Vincent, Meryl, Peter Appendix D: National and State Standards Meryl Appendix E: Lesson Plans Meryl, Peter Appendix F: New Teacher and Student Questionnaires Peter iv Acknowledgements We would like to thank several people who supported us through this project. Our liaison, Jennifer Sevin, for her guidance, insight, and giving us numerous articles to read through. Our advisors, Professors Demetry and Petruccelli, for the long hours they must have spent reading and revising our paper, and for the forty-five minute discussion on biodiversity and evolution. Alfonso Alonso, the assistant director of MAB, for his great help on revising this report, and insight on biodiversity (and butterflies). Francisco Dallmeier, the director of MAB, for his guidance and thoughts on our project. The 265 students and 7 teachers from Cumberland, Maine, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and Hendersonville, North Carolina, for taking time out of their busy school day to participate in our surveys. Alvin Hutchinson, the National Zoo librarian, for providing us with access to journal articles from around the world. And finally, Michael Itz, Manny Fernandez, and Cory Sullivan for spending every lunch with us for the last seven weeks, all those stories where Manny found five dollars, and helping us revise our final presentation. Thank you all for making this a rewarding experience for us! Meryl Gray, Vinny Papia, and Pete Vallieres v TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER LETTER TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………….......i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………....ii AUTHORSHIP PAGE …………………………….……………………….iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...………………………………………….…….iv TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………...v LIST OF TABLES …….………………………………………….…...…..vii LIST OF FIGURES ……....………………………………………...…….viii 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………...1 2.0 INTRODUCTION ...………………………………………...……….4 3.0 BACKGROUND……………………………………………………..7 3.1 Monitoring and Assessment of Biodiversity Program…………………….7 3.1.1 MAB’s Mission and Objectives………………….………………..7 3.1.2 MAB Courses………………….………….…………………...….8 3.2 Biodiversity………………….………………….………………………..10 3.2.1 Diversity………………….………………….…………………...10 3.2.2 Direct Products………………….………………….…………….11 3.2.3 Ecosystem Services………………….…………………………...11 3.3 Education………………….………………….……………………...…..11 3.3.1 Middle School Students………………….……………...……….12 3.3.2 Motivation of Students………………….…………………...…...13 3.3.3 Objectives………………….………………….…………..……..13 3.3.4 Active Learning………………….………………….………..….15 3.3.5 Cooperative Work………………….……………………….…...16 3.3.6 Science and Biodiversity Education………………………….…17 3.3.7 Importance of Biodiversity Education……………………….….17 4.0 METHODOLOGY…………………………………………….……20 4.1 Inventory of Organizations………………….…………………….…….20 4.2 Surveys on Biodiversity Education………………….………….………22 4.2.1 Student and Teacher Surveys………………….……………….22 4.2.2 Survey Organization………………….………………………..24 4.3 Biodiversity Education and Curriculum Standards…………………….25 5.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION………………………………...…27 5.1 Inventory of Biodiversity Education Centers………………………….27 5.1.1 Government Affiliation of Organizations……………………..27 5.1.2 Main Office Location of Organizations………………….…….28 5.1.3 Funding of Organizations………………………………...……...28 5.1.4 Starting Year of Programs……………………………………..29 5.1.5 Target Geographical Area of Programs………………………..30 5.1.6 Education Methods used in Programs………………………….31 5.1.7 Target Audience of Programs………………………………….31 5.2 Surveys of Middle School Teachers and Students………………...…...32 vi 5.2.1 Results and Discussion of Student Survey…………………...33 5.2.2 Results and Discussion of Teacher Survey…………………..38 5.3 Curriculum……………………………………………………………39 6.0 CONCLUSIONS………….…………………....…………………42 6.1 Conclusions from Inventory………………………………………….42 6.2 Conclusions from Surveys……………………………………………42 6.3 Conclusions from Curriculum Standards……………………………..43 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………….45 7.1 Further Research……………………………………………………...45 7.2 Recommendations for the Content and Structure of the Biodiversity Education Program……………………………………………………46 8.0 APPENDICES…………………………… ………………….…50 Appendix A: Sponsor Description……………………………………………50 Appendix B: Original Teacher and Student Questionnaires………………….59 Appendix C: Organization Descriptions……………………………………...62 Appendix D: National and State Standards…………………………………..120 Appendix E: Lesson Plans……………………………………………………127 Appendix F: New Teacher and Student Questionnaires………………………137 9.0 REFERENCES………………………………………….……...…143 vii List of Tables Table Page Number Table 5.1: Do Students Know What “Biodiversity” means?.............................................34 Table 5.2: Do Students Think That the Environment is an Important Subject to Learn About?................................................................................................................................36 Table 5.3: Are Students Interested in Learning about the Environment?..........................37 viii List of Figures Figure Page Number Figure 5.1: Government Affiliation of Organizations...............................................................................................................28 Figure 5.2: Geographic location of Main Offices of Organizations…………………………………………………………………...……29 Figure 5.3: Sources of Funding of Organization………………………………….........................................……...……30 Figure 5.4: Year Organizations Started First Program…………………………………………………………………..………….31 Figure 5.5: Geographical Area of Target Audience of Programs…………………………………………………………………………….31 Figure 5.6: Methods of Education used in Programs………………………………………………………….………………....32 Figure 5.7: Target Audience of Program…………………………………………………….………………………..33 Figure 5.8: Students response to the environmental topics they have learned in school…………………………………………………………………………….….35 Figure 5.9: Students