Amazing Online Databases: Instant Information J~1 ·:s 1985 Issue 62 Vol. 7, No. 7 I $3.75 Canada ;a.. 02193 - Ill ISSN 0194-357 X The Leading Magazine Of Home, Educational, And Recreational Computing
Softball Statistics: Is Your Team As Good As You Think? Ready-To-Run Programs Inside For Commodore 64, VIC, Atari, IBM PC, PCjr, Apple, Tl
Extended Color Mode For Commodore Computers
Atari LIST Ser An Easier W Edit BASIC
Viewpo In IBM 11\SIC How To Open Windows On Your PC 8J PCjr
For SpeedScript 3.0 Word Processor
07
0 The OKIMATE COLOR
The first affordable "color screen print" program on diskette. color printers! Now you're set. The new OKIMATE Personal Color Just plug your new OKIMATE Printers are breaking through in flying Printer into your computer colors. They're the first low cost personal with the PLUG 'N PRINT printers that let you print in rainbows of package*. And print. dazzling colors. It's that easy. In Now your computer can take on new minutes you'll meaning. Because the OKIMATE Printers be printing can bring the information on your screen everything from to life. In brilliant colors. And for very financial reports little green. to souffle recipes. Fully equipped for reading, Home budgets to writing and 'rithmetic. original drawings. In The OKIMATE word processing capability rainbows of brilliant delivers crisp. clean business letters. term colors. papers. finan Built and backed by ca1. Lightweigh t. Cial repOrtS and the reliability leader. !:X. versatile : homework. So The new OKIMATE Personal Printers are draft quality and 40 cps now you can the latest example of Okidata's technolog print in min- ical craftsmanship. Built with the same per inch . Or compress e s UteS. instead Of nc h . dedication to quality that has made Okidata he OKIMATE 20 can deliver typing it in the most respected name in com •, e11te . italic or fine print hours. You can puter printers. Special • • • • u •• • ••• ' • and ~ even highlight ly designed
n sing le s h eets, c omputer words. ad- to be small overhead proJectio n. dresses. para and light graphs and weight. Oper charts. Even underline points you want to ating as quiet emphasize. So you and your information as a whisper. rea ll y stand out. And beautifully Easy to learn. Easier to use. affordable. "Learn-to-Print" software packages come So grab onto with your OKIMATE Printers to show you OKIMATE color how to start printing. In fact. the OKIMATES printing today. With come with everything you need for color the new OKIMATE printing. Including a data cable. interface Personal Color board. color ribbon. black ribbon and Printers.
"Special PLUG 'N PRI NT packages available separately. • '' PRINTERS have arrived.
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The OKIMATE 20. The color printer that's all business. The OKIMATE 20 Personal Color Printer is here to dazzle everyone. With the vibrant impact of over 100 sizzling colors. A 24 ele ment printhead that delivers letter quality characters. And the ability to print 270 words a minute for reports. financial state ments and letters. It's completely compat ible with IBM® PC and PCjr. And for all you Apple owners. the OKIMATE 20 works wonders with the llE~ the llC® and the Macintosh ~ It's affordable color printing for under $268. Available at computer dealers everywhere. The OKIMATE 20
Apple;=~~~~~=: HE _Apple llC and Macintosh cue~~-~ reg1 44 Fast Filer ...... Richard Mansfield and Patrick Parrish REVIEWS 52 Spelunker ...... Steve Hudson AT~ 52 Run for It ...... Karen McCullough AP/Af 54 HomePak ...... Sheldon Leamon 64 55 Gemstone Warrior ...... James V. Trunzo AP/"4 COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS 4 The Editor's Notes ...... Tom R. Halfhill 8 Readers' Feedback ...... The Editors and Readers of COMPUTE! • 14 HOTWARE ...... , ...... • 82 Computers and Society: Compilers, Interpreters, and Flow. Part 1 ...... David D. Thornburg 83 The World Inside the Computer: Here Come the Toy Robots! . . . Fred D'lgnazio • 84 The Beginner's Page ...... Tom R. Halfhill 88 Telecomputing Today: Saving Money with E-Mail ...... Arlan R. Levitan • 89 IBM Personal Computing: An Old-Fashioned Database . . . . . Donald B. Trivette 90 Programming the Tl : Using Tl Logo II ...... C . Regena 92 INSIGHT: Atari-Bargain Basement Networking ...... Bill Wilkinson THE JOURNAL 57 Commodore Recruncher ...... Jerry Smith 64 Extended Color Mode for Commodore ...... Jim Butterfield 68 Atari LIST Scrolier ...... Royce Decker 69 Viewports in IBM BASIC ...... John Kearney 72 Apple SpeedScript 3.0 ProDOS Converter ...... Kevin Martin 75 Apple Automatic Proofreader ...... Tim Victor 77 Moving Memory with ROM for 64 and VIC-20 ...... Thomas Henry 79 Improving the Atari's Alphabet ...... Rhett Anderson 80 Commodore 64 AutoPRINT ...... Rocky Moore 56 CAPUTEI Modifications or Corrections to AP Apple. Mac.Macintosh, Previous Artlcles NOTE: See page 93 Ill Atari, Y VIC-20, 64 Com before typing In fTIOCiklr9 64• . ~4 ~ 93 COMPUTEl's Gulde to Typing In Programs programs. Plus/ 4. 16 ~ 16, 96 Advertisers Index P PET/CSM. n Texas Instru 96 COMPUTE! Classlfled ments. PC IBM PC. PCJr IBM PCjr. CC Radio Shack Color Coml'i'\iter. 0 TOLL FREE Subscription Order Line Ge.nera1 1nte~ 800-334-0868 (In NC 919-275-9809) COMPUTE! The Journal for Progressive Computing (USPS: 537250) is published monthly by COMPUTEr Publications,lnc.~ COMPUTE! Publications, Inc., P.O. Box 5406, GreensbOro, NC 27403 USA. Phone: (919) 275-9809. One ot the ABC Publishing Compan'": V Editorial Offices are located at 324 West Wendover Avenue, Greensboro, NC 27408. Domestic ABC Publllhlng, President, Robert G. Burton Subscrip~ ons : 12 issues, $24. Send subscription orders or change of address (P.O. form 3579) to 1330 Avenue of !he Americas. New VOiie. New Yori< 10019 COMPUTE Magazine, P.O. Box 91 4, Farmingdale, NY 11737. Second class postage paid at Addr... all lnqul"" to: Greensboro, NC 27403 and additional mailing offices. Entire contents copyright ©1985 by P.O. Box 5406. Greensboro. NC 27403 COMPUTE! Publications, Inc. All rights reserved, ISSN 0194-357X. I ----Editors Notes--- We visited Amiga in California a said he wasn't around. "Maybe you can screen at 70 hertz instead of the usual 60 few weeks ago, and it was reminiscent of go out for lunch and call back in an hour hertz, displaying a super-sharp image those 60 Minutes or 20/20 shows where or so and see if anyone is available," she that looks like a sheet of paper with crisp Mike Wallace or Geraldo Rivera pop up suggested. lettering. Nor is Atari ignoring the soft in somebody's office with a camera crew We already knew what the answer ware-look for a BASIC interpreter/ and are blockaded in the lobby by un would be, but we agreed to leave and compiler, Logo, Forth, Pascal, C compil easy receptionists. call back anyway. Sure enough, when er, 68000 assembler, Lotus 1-2-3 com In early May, I and two other edi we phoned an hour later, nobody was patible spreadsheet, and a major tors were in San Francisco visiting some available to talk to us. We drove back to database manager to be released soon hardware and software companies in San Francisco. after the ST debuts. Silicon Valley. Since we were near Los We also learned that Atari still Gatos, where Commodore/Amiga is The New Atari plans to sell a 10 megabyte hard disk for based, we decided to drop by for an Fortunately, we had much better luck at under $500 by fall, and a CD-ROM pe impromptu visit. Amiga, you'll recall, is Atari headquarters in nearby Sunny ripheral by the end of the year. The CD the recently acquired Commodore sub vale. Not only did we get to work with a ROM is a read-only storage device that sidiary which is putting finishing touch new 520ST all day, we also were guided can instantly access about 550 mega es on the Lorraine computer that we saw on a tour of Atari's development labs by bytes on a single Compact Disc, enough in rough prototype form at last sum Sam Tramiel, president, and his brother, for a whole encyclopedia (hint). Atari mer's Consumer Electronics Show Leonard. (Their father, Jack Tramiel, says it will cost under $500 and will also (COMPUTE!, August 1984). We heard it was at a trade show in Atlanta.) double as a CD player for your stereo. would be ready for introduction by mid From what we saw, the ST is every As if all that weren't enough, we got summer, so we figured it was about time thing that was promised at Winter a glimpse of yet another goody in the for our customary firsthand look. CES-except on time. It was promised lab-a prototype of Atari's full 32-bit We had high hopes when we hap for April, but apparently won't be avail computer, the desktop machine that's pened to encounter Amiga Founder/ able in quantity in the U.S. until summer supposed to be as powerful as a VAX President David Morse in the parking (although Europe is getting some ship minicomputer. It uses a National Semi lot. But Morse was in a hurry to go ments earlier). Still, the delay is under conductor 32000-series CPU and is tar somewhere in his car; he said he standable, considering what it takes to geted for under $5,000 ... maybe a lot wouldn't be back all day. Another per get a computer like the ST into produc under $5,000. son we wanted to talk to was out of tion and onto the store shelves. And it town, he said. Disappointed, we asked looks like it will be weU worth the wait. Tom R. Halfhill, Editor Morse to recommend someone else. The production-model 520ST is ba Morse gave us a name and then quickly sically the same as the prototype un Editors' Note: In defense of th e employees drove away. veiled in January except for one major of Amiga/ Comm odore, we must point ou t In the lobby, the receptionist sum change: The operating system (OS), that another perspective might suggest moned the woman to whom Morse had GEM, and programming language will that two unidentified persons appeared in referred us. When we identified our be loaded into RAM from disk rather the Amiga parking lot as David Morse was selves, the woman appeared quite flus than built into ROM, at least at first. This driving away on an errand. tered. "What is your goal here?" she leaves only about 240K RAM free, out of After they claimed to be th e editor and asked nervously. We said we were inter the total 512K. (Because of this and rap program editor from COMPUTE!, he sen t ested in some information on the idly decreasing RAM chip prices, Atari them inside and con tinu ed on his errand. Lorraine. won't manufacture the previously an Once inside, other Amiga employees quite "We aren't saying anything publicly nounced 128K 130ST.) Evidently Atari rightfully told these COMPUTE! zealo ts at this point," she told us. "We aren't is making so many last-minute changes that th ey we re not allowed to talk to th em. saying anything at all." that they don't want to lock themselves Frankly guys, it was a nice try. The story We explained that our deadlines into ROM at this time. Atari says the OS would have been ever so much better had it made it impossible for us to publish a will end up in ROM eventually, but wo rked. Perhaps we'd better stick to per substantial article until at least the there may be no easy way for early sonal computing and leave these "liard August issue anyway, and that we'd owners to make the upgrade. hitting investigative so rties" to Mike even be happy to sign a nondisclosure The 520ST will be available in a Wallace and Gera ldo Rivera. agreement promising not to leak any package that includes the operating sys -RM & RCL secrets to competitors. tem disks, microfloppy disk drive, and "We just can't say anything. In hi-res monochrome monitor for $799. fact," she added, " I don't even know The drive is very impressive-it stores anything. " 1/2 megabyte (about 381K formatted) We asked if we could talk to anyone per disk and is the fastest floppy we've else. She said perhaps the general man ever seen. In fact, it appears to be faster ager would speak to us. She left to find than hard disks on the Macintosh. The him, but returned five minutes later and monitor, too, is stunning. It refreshes the 4 COMPUTE! July 1985 Presenting thecomputer The Electronic Mall-AValuable shopping service that delivers Addition to the Vast World of discount prices, name-brand CompuServe. merchandise, and in-depth Take the CompuServe Electronic CompuServe Information Services product information. Mall 15-Minute Comparison Test. bring you information, entertainment, W7lat you can do in 15 minutes personal communications and more. shopping the ElectronicMall way. You can access CompuServe with To make your computer even more • Acr.ess descriptions of the latest in useful, join CompuServe and shop in almost any computer and modem, computer printers, for instance. terminal or communicating word our Electronic Mall. Easy enough for • Pick one and enter the order beginners, it's open 24 hours a day, command. processor. 7 days aweek. And it offers a wide range • Check complete descriptions of To buy aCompuServe Subscription of goods and services from nationally places to stay on your next vacation. Kit, see your nearest computer dealer. • Pick several and request travel To receive our informative brochure, or known stores and businesses including brochures. Bloomingdale's, Waldenbooks, American • Acr.ess a department store catalog to order direct, call or write: Express and Commodore. and pick out a wine rack, tools, CompuServe's Electronic Mall™ lets toys .. .anything! • Place your order. you shop at your convenience in all What you can do in 15 minutes shop CoIDpuServe these departments: ping the old way. lnf()(ITlation Services, P.O. Box 20212, 5000 Arl ington Centre Blvd., Columbus, OH 43220 TheAutoShop,Book Bazaar, Finan • Round up the family and get in the car. 800-848-8199 cial Mart, LeisureCenter,Merchandise In Ohio call 614-457-0802 The Electron ic Mall •• is aservice of CompuServe Inc. and L M. Berry & Company. An H & A Block Company Publisher Gary R lngerlOll COMPUTE! Publications. Inc publishes: Editor In Chief llobe<1 C. Lock Coming In Future Issues Olreclor of Administration A&ce Wolfe COf.'l>UTE CotpO COMPUTEl's Book Division Ed II or Stephen Levy Ass lstonl Edllors Gregg Keizer. J. Blcke Lambert Administrative Assistant Louro MocFodden Director, Book Soles a Marketing Steve Vovotzis Ass lSlonl Carol Dickerson Production Manager Irmo Swain Art a Design Dlrecfor Janice Fory Asslsfont Editor. Art a Design Lee Noel Mechonlco l Art Supervisor De Potter Artist Debbie Broy Typeselllng Terry Cash. Carole Dunton Illust rot or Horry Blclr Director of Advertising Soles Ken Woodard Assls1onl Advertising Manager Bonrie Valentino Production Coordlnofor Patti Stokes Administrative Ass istant Koth!een Henion Promotion Assistant Caroline Oorlt Clrculotlon Manager Charles Post Customer Service Manager Philippa King 1. New England Dealer Soles Supervisor Goll Jones Jonathan M. Just Asslstonfs Debi Goforth. Liz Krusenstjerno. Regional Manager Rhonda Savage 212-315-1665 lnd lvlduol Ord er Supervisor Judy Taylor Asslstonfs Betty Alkins. Goyle Benbow, 2. Mid Atlantic Chris Gorden. Mory Hunt . John Saval Jenno Nosh. Chris Potty Eastern Advertising 4. Midwest warehouse Manager Lonne Arden Manager Director of Advertising Sales Gordon Benson s1an Harold Ayers. Steve Bowman. 212-315-1665 Ken Woodard Lorry O'Connor. David Hensley 312-362-1 82 1 Kathy Hicks COMPUTE! Home Office 919-275-9809. Doto Processing Manager Leon Stolces Marsha A. Gittelman 5. Northwest/ Assistant Chris Coln 215-646-5700 Mountain/Texas Addren all advertising materials to: Brian S. Rogers Phoebe Thompson Patti W. Stokes Vice Presldenl. Finance a Advertising Production Coordinator Planning Paul 212-67 4-0238 408-354-5553 J . Megbolo COMPUTE! Magazine Dlreclor, Finance a Planning R. Steven Vetter Accountant Robert L. Bean 3. Southeast • Foreign 6. Southwest 324 West Wendover Avenue. Fl nonclol Anolysf Koren K. Rogalski Harry Blair Ed Winchell Greensboro, NC 27408 s1an Dole Branch. Jill Pope 919-275-9809 213-378-8361 Credit Manager Barry L. Beck Slott Lindo Miiier. Doris Holl. Anne Ferguson. Pot Fuller. Sybl Agee. Jone Wiggs. Mory The COMPUTE! subscriber i sl Is mode available to carefully screened organizations with o product or service which Waddell may be of Interest to our rea ders. If you prefer not to receive such mailings. please send on exoct copy of your subscription lobel to : COMPUTEI P.O. Box 914, Farmingdale. NY 11737 . Include a note Indicating your preference to Purchasing Manager Greg L. Smith receive only your subscription. Robert C . Lock. Chief Executive Officer Authors of manuscripts warrant that all materials submitted to COMPUTE! ore original materials with full ownership Gory R. Ingersoll. President ri g hts resid ent In said outhcrs. By submitting articles to COMPUTE!. a uthors a cknowledge that such mo terio ls. upon acceptance for publication. bec ome the exclusive property of COMPUTE! Publlccrlions. Inc. No portion of this maga Poul J. Magliolo. Vice President. Rno nce a nd Planning zine may be reproduced in a ny form without written permission from the publisher. Entire contents copyright If you have been searching for a letter printing. The built in 2K buffer frees up THE BEST PART quality printer you have probably found your computer while printing a page or When shopping for a daisy wheel the flood of claims and counterclaims to two allowing you to go to your next job. printer with all these features (if you be a real roadblock in your search. Not To really put your printer to work, the could find one), you could expect to pay long ago we were in the same position. Cut Sheet Feeder option is great for $600 or $700 dollars. The options would We tried to determine which daisy wheel automatic printing of those long jobs. add much more. Not now! We have done printer had all the features our Also available is the adjustable Tractor our homework. We can now offer this customers wanted, yet would not set Feed option. Compare our option prices! printer for only S353. Order yours today! them back a month's salary. RecenUy Best of all the Daisy 11 20 is quiet only several manufacturers have introduced 57 dB-A (wmpare with an average of NO RISK OFFER machines that had features we were 62-65 dB-A for others). Try the Daisy 11 20 for 2 weeks. If you are not satisfied for ANY reason we will seaching for. After a thorough assess COMPLETE COMPATIBILITY ment, we elimi nated one model after the refund the full price-prompUy. A fu ll other for lack of one feature or another The Daisy 1120 uses industry standard ]-year parts and labor warranty is until we only had one left. Diablo ®compatible printwheels. Scores included. of typeface styles are available at most THE RESULTS ARE IN computer or stationary stores. You can THE BOTTOM LINE We found the printer which has all the pop in a 10, 12, 15 pitch or proportional Aprotek Daisy 1120 (0rder#ll20) $353 features anyone could want The winner printwheel and use paper as wide as 14". w/standard Centronics parallel interface is the Aprotek Daisy 1120, a real heavy At 15 CPI you can print 165 and 2K buffer. duty workhorse printing at 20 characters columns-great for spreadsheets. Options per second. The manufacturer is Olympic The Daisy 1120 uses the Diablo Auto Cut Sheet Feeder (#1110) $188 Co. Ltd., a highly respected Japanese firm . Hytype II ®standard ribbon cartridges. Tractor Feed (#1112) $77 FEATURES GALORE Again universally available. Accessories This printer has it all. To start with, it Not only is the hardware completely 8' Cahle for IBM PC® and compabbles has a front panel Pitch Selector button compatible, the control codes recognized (#1103) $26 with indicators which allows 10, 12, 15 by the Daisy 1120 are Diablo 630® Interface with cable: • TI-99/4A (#106) $66 characters per inch (CPI) or compatible (industry standard). You can • Apple II or lie (#1104) $76 Proportional Spacing. There is a Select take advantage of all the great features • All Commodore (except Pet) (11105) $44 of word processing packages like (Online) button (wit.h indicator) and a Wordstat®, pfs: Write ®, Microsoft • All Atari (#1107) $66 Line Feed button. You can also set Top Word® and most others which allow you Shipping is Sil-UPS continental USA. If you are in of-Form or Form Feed with the touch of a huny, UPS Blue or Air Parm Post (second day the TOF button. Other front panel in to automatically use superscripts, air) is S25. Canada. Alaska. Mexico and Hawaii are subscripts, automatic underlining, bold 530 (airl. Other foreign is $60 (air). California dicators include Power and Alarm. residents add 6" lax. Prices are cash prices-VISA To load a sheet of paper, simply place face (shadow printing) and doublestrike. and MIC add 3'16 to total. We ship promptly on it in the feed slot and pull the paper bail The printer has a set of rear switches money orders, cashier's checks, and charge cards. lever. PRESTO! The paper feeds automati which allow the use of standard ASCII as Allow 14-day clearing for checks. No C.0.D.'s. Pill" well as' foreign character printwheels. ment in US dollars only. cally to a 1 inch top margin and the car TO ORDER ONLY CALL TOLL FREE riage aligns to the selected left margin. Page length can be set to 8, 11, 12, or In this manner, each page can have iden 15". The Daisy 1120 can also be switch (800) 962-5800 USA (8-8 PST) tical margins automatically. You can con ed to add automatic line feed if required. (800) 962-3800 CALIF. tinue to compute while the Or send payment to address below: Daisy 1120 is Technical Information & Customer Service: (805) 987-2454 ISO PS'O Dealer Inquiries Invited Readers Feedback The Editors a nd Readers of COMPUTE ! If you have any questions, comments, or 1985). These are amo11g the best programs ON-GOTO/ON-GOSUB withi11 the line suggestions you wou ld like to see ad we've ever published for those machines. itself, rather than making it a separate line. dressed in this columll, write to "Readers' Adapting a large, complex machine lan As you point out, it saves a little memory Feedback," COMPUTE!, P.O. Box 5406, guage program like SpeedScript is far and preserves th e original value, which Greellsboro, NC 27403. Due to th e volume from easy and requires several months of may be important in some cases. of mail we receive, we regret that we work, but it's possible because wo rd pro In general, th e programming exam cannot provide persollal allswers to tech cessing is something a11y computer can do : ples i11 "The Beginner's Page" are written nical questions. Every computer can store characters in more for clarity tha11 for maximum effi memory, receive input from the keyboard, ciency. For that reason, and also to keep a11d SO Oil. the examples compatible with all the co m TurboDlsk Translations? Programs such as "TurboTape" and puters we cover, each statement is usually I enjoy your magazine tremendously, "TraboDisk," on the other hand, are highly placed on aseparate line. (For insta11ce, th e especially utility programs such as machine-specific: They exploit hardware built-ill BASIC 011 the TI-99/4A allows neith er multistatement lines nor any com "TurboTape" [COMPUTE!, January 1985] features unique to the Commodore 64, mand following an IF-THEN excep t and " TurboDisk" (COMPUTE!, April VIC-20, and 1541 disk drive. Maki11g such 1985]. However, I am a proud Atari user. programs wo rk on other machines may be GOTO linenumber.) Readers are enco ur In the past you have published some tech11ica lly impossible, or at least require aged to experiment with the examples and entirely different techniques. But our read find ways to optimize them for their partic interesting and useful programs for ers have a habit of surprisi11g us. Perhaps ular computer and version of BASIC. Atari, but never something as valuable th ere 's someo ne out there working 011 Atari as the Commodore programs you have Your method of readi11g th e Commo TurboDisk or TurboTape right now. dore 64 function keys is efficient and can be published in the last few issues. I hope you will consider printing similar pro adapted to reading keys and joysticks 011 a grams for Atari and other computers variety of computers. As a module, it can Hints For ON-GOTO be plugged into any program that prompts very soon. a user to select a menu option: Duyen Nguyen I want to commend you on promoting A number of readers have asked us to the ON-GOTO/ON-GOSUB com 10 PRINT "PRESS Fl TO VIEW STA translate th ese programs for other comp ut mands ("The Beginner's Page," COM TS" ers, or publish oth er "breakthrough" pro PUTE!, March 1985], but I think you 20 PRINT "PRESS F3 TO UPDATE S missed the best (most useful) aspect of TATS" grams for th eir machines. Needless to say, 30 PRINT "PRESS F5 TO SAVE STA we're as allxious to publish programs of them-the ability to perform math func tions within the line. In your example TS" that quality as you are to see th em. 40 PRINT "PRESS F7 TO PRINT ST What you might not realize is that program, I would have preferred to see ATS" most of the programs we publish are sub ON A-4 GOTO lin enumber instead of 50 PRINT "PRESS F2 TO ENTER NE A= A- 4:0N A GOTO lin enumber. My W PLAYERS" mitted by readers like yo urself. Our Sub 60 PRINT "PRESS F4 TO CREATE N missions Reviewer has a fu ll-time job method preserves the value of A and saves a line of code. EW TEAM FILE" testing alld evaluatillg the several hundred 70 PRINT "PRESS F6 TO VIEW FIL programs we receive every month. Very I keep a stat file for our church E NAMES" few submitted programs are as extraordi softball team on a menu-driven program 80 PRINT "PRESS F8 TO CORRECT 11ary as the two yo u mentioll. But we're I wrote. I've used ON-GOSUB with the (SPACE}ENTRY" function keys on my Commodore 64 to 90 PRINT "PRESS Q TO QUIT" always Oil th e lookout, a,lld you ca ll be sure 100 WAIT 198,l:GET F$:IF F$="Q that we'll publish a11ythillg of similar qual greatly simplify coding [see below]. The function keys have ASCIJ values from " THEN END ity as sooll as ii comes in th e door. 110 IF ASC{F$)<133 OR ASC{F$)> Wh en a program is particularly good 133 to 140 in the order listed in my 140 THEN GOTO 100 with broad appeal, we do provide transla program (fl, f3 , fS, f7, f2, f4, f6 , f8), so 120 ON ASC(F$)-132 GOSUB 2000, ASC(F$) - 132 gives me nice neat num 3000,1000,3500,2500,9500,5 tio11s for oth er popular computers. For ex 300,4000 ample, the Commodore 64 version of the bers from 1 to 8. SpeedScript 3.0 word processo r was Matthew Strange (This program fragment assum es that adapted for the VIC-20 (April 1985), Atari You're absolutely right, of course-it is subroutines will be added at the line num (May 1985), alld Apple II series aune indeed more efficient to convert a value for bers specified in the ON-GOSUB state 8 COMPUTEI July 1985 Fly the unfriendly skies. 30,scrollingflighc 3skillleo.ds, 15sanarios, simtdacion m air-air lang-playing scracegic & air-ground combac. depch. You 're in the cockpit of a dream machine - On-board com/mcer. working game in history. It has the most awesome, ga uges & 3 weapon sysCt•ns. a bad dream for the poor sap whose tail you're high-speed animation you've ever seen on your waxing. You stick a silver bird up his exhaust and wince computer. It's played to rave reviews in every magazine. as he blossoms into fire . And theh you rain down like pes- And it's yours-at your retailer-or direct from EA at (800) tilence upon the grunts in the tanks. 227-6703 with a 14-day satisfac- Skyfox. lt's the fastest-selling EA SKYFOW'1\... ™tion oc money-back gu3'antee. from ELECIBONIC ARTS"' ORDERINGINFORMATION&MACHINEAVAILABILITY:Visit yourrecailerorcall(800)227-6703(inCAcall(800)632-7979)forVlSAorMasterCard orders. To purchase by mail. send check or money order to Electronic Arts,P.O. Box 306, Half Moon Bay, CA 94019. Add $3 for insured shipping & handling. Indicate machine verson desired . Allow 1-4 weeks fo r delivery. Apple ll fami ly available now at $39.95. C-64 available now at $34.95. For a copy of our com plete catalogue and direct order form, send SQq and a stamped .self-addressed envelope co Electronic Arts. 2755 Campus Drive,San Mateo, CA 94403. ment in line 120, so if you run the program Instead, use general subroutines that per the space to V$, and everything after it to as listed and press afunction key, you'll get form tire same task no matter where the 0$.) an error.) player is. You need only one routine to Once the verb and object have been The program employs a couple of oth analyze the player's input, simulate move extracted, lines 180-200 compare the verb er useful techniques, such as waiting for a ment, handle objects, and so on. string V$ to every verb in the vocabulary keystroke (line 100), trapping invalid input The best way to create a vocabulary in array V$0. The variable V signifies the (line 110), and extracting numeric values BASIC is with arrays. Unlike a simple verb number. As soon as V$ matches up from string variables (lines 110 and 120). variable which equates to a single numeric with a word in V$0, V records tire V$0 The main point is line 120, which neatly value (A= 1) or string of characters index number for future reference. If V$ converts the value returned by the func (A$= "HELW"), an array is a group of isn't found in the vocabulary, line 210 tion key into a value that can be acted on related data items. The short example pro prints the unk11own word and lets the by ON-GOSUB. At the same time, it pre gram below (written in plain-vanilla player try again. A similar loop in lines serves the original value returned in F$ . Microsoft BASIC) creates a rudimentary 220-230 compares the object string 0$ to It's a clever way to orga11ize a menu while vocabulary with string arrays. each word in the 0$0 array, and records avoiding confusion over the staggered the object number in the variable 0. numbering of the Commodore 64 function 100 DIM VBSC4l,OBSC4l:FOR J=1 Using arrays makes your program far keys. TO 4:READ AS,BS easier to modify. For instance, say that Incide11tally, if you're the statistician 110 VBS(J)=AS:OBS 10 COMPUTE! July 1985 Catch Trivia Fever is absolutely unique - it's the only software entertain ment package that can be enjoyed with or without ahome com puter!When played on your home computer, Trivia Fever is a refreshing alternative to all those shoot'em up games. An elected "Master of the Game" uses the computer to randomly select sub ject categories, handicap players, generate questions and answers, keep score automatically, and more! Instructive by its very nature, Trivia Fever can be enjoyed by up to 8 ind ividuals or teams . And when played without a computer, Trivia Fever has all the best fea tures of the "popular" trivia games plus more - all without the cumbersome board, cards, and little game pieces. You can play in a car, on vacation, anytime, anywhere! And Trivia Fever is by far the best Trivia game available anywhere. Here's why: Trivia Fever offers thousands of challenging questions in 7 inter esting categories, so there's something for everyone. Each category has questions with 3 lev els of difficulty, which score comparable points. What's more, Trivia Fever allows players to HANDI CAP all those so-called "trivia experts" three dif ferent ways, giving every one achance to win. And players can easily control the length of play from quick thirty minute games to multi-hour party marathons! Trivia Fever is unique, entertaining, educational, and most of all FUN . And at $39.95, Trivia Fever is destined to quickly become the best selling software entertainment package of all time.There's even a $5 rebate available to any non-computer users who return the computer diskette. Trivia Fever can be enjoyed on the Commodore 64, IBM PC & PCjr and compatibles, Apple II series, and others. So don't delay. Catch Trivia Fever at your favorite software retailer today! For additional information call 617-444-5224, or write to: At $39.95, Trivia Fever comes complete with Question and Answer Book, Category Selector, and Tally Sheets to ..6. PSI P.O. Box 533 be used when played without a comR_uter. ~ Needham, MA 02194 Trivia Fevtr is a trademi rt: of Professional SOftwar~. tnc.. processor, SID chip, and other major com limit the length of each s11bstring to ten my computer with a "run of the mill" ponents for the Commodore 64. characters, you can use the statement printer cable, or would I still need to buy Commodore has traditionally shown A$(5*10-9,5*10)= "CAT". Since the a TI interface card to get the printer little interest in maki11g its own chips length of an Atari string is limited only by working? If I need the interface card, available to individuals. One reason for the amount of free memory, you can store a what purpose does the built-in interface this is undoubtedly eco11omics: Commo great number of substrings within one long serve? dore is in the business of selli11g computers, string. Crandall Chow not electronic parts, and has little or no If you prefer a BASIC with true string You do need the interface card. A serial economic i11centive to market chips at the arrays, alternative BAS/Cs (including data link can transmit one bit (binary 1 or retail level. Microsoft BASIC) are available on car 0) of information at a time, but the com By the time you read this, however, tridge and disk for Atari computers. puter and printer handle each ASCII char th e chip famine may be ending. According acter as a byte (eight-bit binary number). to a compa11y representative, Commodore Hex/Decimal Conversion Since a byte contains eight bits, you can 't intends to let its new 11 etwork of seroice send the whole chunk at once through a centers provide repair parts directly to Is there a simple formula for converting hexadecimal numbers to decimal, and serial link. consumers. Of course, it's hard to predict Picture a group of eight friends walk exactly when this will become a reality. In vice versa? The manual for my computer (an Apple clone) doesn't explain this in ing side by side. If they come to a narrow any case, once the national seroice network turnstile, they can't all enter at once, so is established, Commodore plans to abolish much detail. Howard Heapy they pass through singly. When everyone is its exchange program. You will no longer through the turnstile, they reassemble the be able to replace damaged Commodore Here's a short Microsoft BASIC program group and march eight abreast once more. products by sending them back to the fac that does both conversions within the First the group is broken up, then it is tory with a check. range of hexadecimal $0-$FFFF (decimal reassembled. 0-65,535). When converting from hex to The analogy explains why you need decimal, enter a four-digit hex number, Commodore Repair Parts an interface at both ends of the serial link. using leading zeros when appropriate. For At th e computer's end, you need an inter After you published my address in COM instance, enter DOFF to find the decimal face to break each ASCII byte into eight PUTE! (December 1984), I got a great deal eq11 ivalent of hexadecimal $FF. bits and send each bit down the line in of mail from readers with repair prob 10 HE$="0123456789ABCDEF" order. At the other end of the link, the lems. I now have a supplier for all Com printer's interface converts each series of modore parts, including chips. If anyone 20 PRINT "ENTER 1 FOR DEC TO HEX" eight bits back into a byte which the print has difficulty getting a part, I can help. I 30 PRINT"ENTER 2 FOR HEX TO D er can handle as an ASCII character. In also welcome questions on repairs. EC";1INPUT A addition to the data bits, extra bits are Steve Fogolini 40 IF A=2 °THEN 100 50 IF A<>l THEN 20 passed between the computer and printer 8232 Richard Street to coordinate the transmission process. Fort Worth, TX 76108 '60 PRINT "ENTER DEC II";: INPUT A1B•l1C=3:D=16AC:PRINT A; Because each bit has to pass singly, Thank you for the infom1ation. 1PRINT "= s"11A=A+l you might expect serial transmission to be 70 IF A-D>0 THEN A=A-D:B=B+l: slower than parallel data transfer, which GOTO 70 passes more than one bit at once. This is Atari String Handllng 80 PRINT MIDS APRQSPAND-64 ™ Gives \'OJI CorM>ooo FOOTBALL STATISTICS. A comprehensive TRAINER STATISTICS. Analyzes all local race computer software system. You compare horse trainers and gives you a rating for teams in over 60 offensive and defensive each one. 39 .95 situations and watch the matchups on the JOCKEY STATISTICS. A short time with this screen. Every team is given a power rating. software package will show you why the top PDS also provides " year-to-date" data 15 jockeys at local tracks win over 90% of diskettes for a nominal charge. 39.95 all races. 39.95 FOOTBALL HANDICAPPING. (Includes FOOT HARNESS DRIVER STATISTICS. A comple BALL STATISTICS Package) . Forecasts the ment to the HARNESS HORSE HANDICAP outcome of football games based on massive PING System. this package tells you all you amounts of statistical data. morning lines need to know about the man (or woman) and point spreads. 49.95 behind the horse. 39 .95 BASKETBALL STATISTICS. The most compre ' "/ hensive basketball program ever written . ft "What-if" your way into every imaginable ~ comparison and formulation. 39 .95 r------· I BASKETBALL HANDICAPPING. (Includes . I BASKETBALL STATISTICS) . Gives you an I ----::::::::...-=--::::::::...=---TM ~~__..- -~._. - ..._, inside look into the outcome of games by I .------____------- PDS ~~ ~~~~~ ' mathematically equating statistics, lines I I P.O. BOX EI TORRANCE, CA 90507 I (213) 516-6688 and point spreads. 49 .95 I Please send me the following PDS SOFTWARE BASEBALL STATISTICS. See how opposing I I PACKAGE: baseball teams stack up against each other. I ______... $,___ _ _ See summarizations. Performance stats on I ______... $.___ _ _ every team in the major leagues. 39.95 ______... $._ _ ___ BASEBALL HANDICAPPING. (Includes Total BASEBALL STATISTICS) Makes you better prepared to predict the winner of any game. Add $6 .00 for postage and handling. At least. mathematically. 49 .95 Calif. residents add 6 Y2% sales tax ~~~THOROUGHBRED HANDICAPPING. This I have an APPLE ( ) IBM ( ) TRS-80 ( "world class" program gives you an edge in COMMODORE-64 ( ) predicting winners. A proven system ... by DISKETIE ( ) CASSETIE ( ); MODEL# ___ PDS and many horseracing enthusi ( ) Check enclosed asts. 129.00 ( ) Charge my credit card: A.E. ( ). VISA ( ). M.C. ( ) HARNESS RACE HANDICAPPING. The fast. Card No. Expires__ easy way to find out what races and what horses should be looked at ... all summarized Signature______in a "power rating" format. 129.00 (As it appears 011 credit card) 'I--,~~,,, QUARTER HORSE HANDICAPPING. the com OR CHARGE BY PHONE... CALL (800) 222-2601 (In Calif: (213) 516-6688) K puter system actually " rates" the horses in • each race of what is the fastest growing NAM'------~ ~ segment in the sport of kings. 129.00 ADDRESS.______PHON.______CITY STATE_____ZIP___ _ Dealer Inquiries Invited S~lby Bateman, Features Editor The idea behind a €omputer database program is simple software which lets you store, organ.fa:~, and selectively retrieve all kinds . of information. And yet .few programs can cause more frustration than a poorly chosen, inappropriate database system. No matter how big or small your in:formation process ing needs, it's better to pinpoint what you need before you buy. tures: the field, the record, and the file . How a database uses these components determines whether the software is a filing program, a file manager, or a database system. ~======u~=5~=PREsroEHrs======~ = sort #23 - 24 ======!9'f!jjlll0f;W= = =NA ME = = Johnson , Andrew ( 1808-75> =YEAR ELECTED /AC CEDED = 1865 (upon death of Abraham Linco ln ) tarting with the simplest com =PART Y ponent first, a field is merely a =- Democratic =NAME Sbasic piece of information: a =Grant, Ulysses S. ( 1822-85 ) name, an address, a phone number, =Y EAR ELECTED / ACCEDED = 1868 16 C OMPUTE! July 1965 Like a smart, computerized filing cabinet, THE CONSULTANT controls your information for you. You choose the file size and format - THE CONSULTANT's flexible file structure adapts to almost any application you can think of. And you can change the structure of your files without having to re-enter any data - a great time saver. Easy to learn and simple to use. Big system speed and sophisticated sorting functions, all for an exceptionally low price. No wonder THE CONSULTANT comes highly recommended! AVAILABLE NOW FOR THE COMMODORE 64. COMING SOON FOR THE IBM PC 30 Mural Street 17875 Sky Park North, Suite P Richmond Hiii, Onta rio Irving, Callfornla L4B 185 CANADA "The Energized Software Company!" , ~~~ ~!~:~ (4161881 ·9941 41 1 Jli!lex: 06·21·8290 WRITE TO us FOR FULL COLOUR CATALOCUE of our products for COMMODORE, ATARI, APPLE a nd IBM SYSTEMS Jli!/ex: 509· 139 FOR TECHNICA L 5UPPORTOR PRODUCT INFORMATION PLEASE PHONE (4161881·9816 C. 1985 BATTERIES INCLUDED. APPLE . ATARI , COMMODORE AND IBM ARE REGISTEREDTRAOEMARKS RESPECTIVELY OF APPLE COMPUTERS INC . ATARI INC.• COMMODORE BUSINESS MACHINES INC., AND IBM BUSINESS MACHINES INC. the records with a zero in the dues field. The more sophisticated file managers and database systems provide even more ways to order and retrieve information. ome inexpensive database packages are little more than Sfiling programs. That is, they let you put together your member ship list and set a certain number of key fields which can be recalled. A simple filing program might let you assign Dues Paid as a key field. By commanding the program to search for this key field, you could quickly call up all of the records of those As developers of commercial database programs strive to make their who have paid up. products easier and more flexible to use, they are turning to such Since these primitive filing features as help screens and pop-up information windows. programs promote ease of use over Batteries Included's new version of The Consultant database more powerful features, often they management system ($79.95 for Commodore 64) includes help let you add information to each per screens in the form of pop-up windows. In the sample shown here, a son's record without worrying window has appeared over the form being used to catalog programs. about strictly defining each catego The help screen has reminders about the relational modifiers which ry. More advanced databases are are used to help order the information with The Consultant. Another very exacting-and unforgiving reminder along the bottom of the window advises you that each field in the ways they make you work may have its own status. with information. The tradeoff here, of course, is that with a filing program you can quickly and easily keep up with your total list of members, but you may not be able to selectively re trieve as much information as you could with other systems. How many members have children? Which members have volunteered to drive their own cars on outings? Do some members live on the same street or in the same city or state? The answers to these questions may not be retrievable unless you've already defined the relevant information as key fields. Even then, you can't expect a simple fil ing program to contain all of the powerful features of more complex (and expensive) software. The next level of database soft Some database programs can now generate graphics to represent ware i~ usually called a data manag information contained in their files. er or file manager. This is the type of The new IBM PC and PCjr version of Timeworks' Data Manager database most often used in homes, 2, for example, is a storage and retrieval system which also contains schools, and some small business report-writing, graphics, and label-making capabilities. It's priced at es. While not as powerful as full $129.95. In addition to the graphics features, the program can be fledged database management integrated with Timeworks' Word Writer word processor so you can systems, file managers have much transfer data to documents. (Commodore 64 version $49.95.) more flexibility than filing pro In the sample screen shown here, the names of sales team grams. On the other hand, you'll members and their projected sales totals and percentages have been have to learn and follow a more pulled out of the database and combined to create a pie chart. rigid system of data entry. For instance, one of the attrac tions of a simple filing program is 20 COMPUTE! July 1985 See your dealer . .. or write or call for niore ihformaUon. For direct orders enclose $49.95 plua$2.00 for shipping and specify UP,S or first class mall delivery. American E>epress. Diner's Club, MasterCan:l,'and Visaaccepted. Order Line: 800 I 637-4983 that you're generally free to enter any data you want without worry ing about the number of characters in a particular field, the number of fields per record, and the number of records per file. But most file man agers require you to preset all of those variables before you begin to enter the data. Therefore, you have to be fairly sure about the infor mation you want to keep. If you don't allow enough room, the data base will be so limited that you won't be able to fully use all of the program's features. But if you pro vide too much room for your re cords, valuable storage space will be wasted. Beyond complex key words, command codes, and data entry forms is the powerful yet easy to use database of the future, perhaps best erhaps the most important dif exemplified today by Odesta's Helix for the 512£< Macintosh with ference between a file manag external disk drive or hard disk. er and a full-fledged database Priced at $395, Helix is called "a data-based information man P agement and decision support system." That translates into the management system is that the lat ter allows you to work with more power and flexibility of major database management systems plus a than one file at a time. To transfer Macintosh working environment which helps even the novice com information between files, a file puter user perform a variety of data manipulation, calculation, and manager usually requires you to analysis functions. close the first file, open the second Among other things, Helix lets you build visual flowcharts file, get the information, close the without worrying about command codes, file and retrieve infor second file. open the first file, and mation across fields and records, and work with several windows of return to the record where you left information at the same time. The program simultaneously updates off. A true database management information in each window. You can also build special application system, however, lets you work be models and templates for different needs. tween at least two files simulta In the screen shown here, Helix has correlated shipping and neously. In many cases, they also pricing information for a business database. Except for three num permit you to cross multiple records bers in the upper window, the user did not have to type anything to as well. calculate information within different files. Most Helix functions are One problem with a powerful selected from pulldown menus with a mouse controller. database system such as dBase II for the Apple lI family, dBase Ill for ~------1 IBM computers, or integrated pack ages like Lotus 1-2-3 is that they require extensive amounts of time and effort to learn. These systems If you're planning to purchase where most mistakes are made can be so daunting that they have a database program, here are a few when a database program is pur spawned an entire subindustry fundamentals to keep in mind: chased. If you're in business, you'll which offers educational courses. have to think ahead to the specific seminars, and books just to teach categories of data organization and individuals how to operate the pro • Can you get along without a retrieval you'll need-inventory, grams. One company-Chase Sci computer database? Database sys employee files, financial records, entific, Inc., of Santa Monica, tems and file managers often wind client lists, etc. The program should California-even sells a series of up in closets when people fi nd that be powerful enough to handle any videocassette training tapes for a they're spending more time and ef anticipated demands because it's wide range of the most powerful fort on the computerized file than not always easy (and frequently im databases, spreadsheets, and inte was previously spent on index possible) to transfer information grated business packages. The vi cards or sheets of paper-without a from one database program to an deocassettes walk new users gain in productivity. other. On the other hand, if your through the jargon, command application is not quite so impor codes, and complex options which •How will you use your data tant, it makes little sense to spend are a part of these powerful base? This is one of the most critical $500 for a program to keep track of packages. decisions you'll make. It's also something like a record collection. 22 COMPUTEI July 1985 Master OfThe Lam12s·~ AUnique Adventure In Home Computer Software. Is Dea~. extIn Line. But wait. Before you put on the jeweled turban through always-moving diamond-shaped gates. and lift the royal sabre,there are a few"formalities" Gates that guard each genie's domain.Calculate. you must go through. Sometimes..."deadly" Plan. Consider. Quickly. Quickly. Your heart is formalities. racing. Your mind must race ahead. When the king dies, three lamps are shattered, Each genie will challenge you with his ancient, the pieces scattered to the wind and three evil mystical trials. genies escape. Now your journey to the throne Concentrate. Listen to the tones. Watch the begins, the perils await. As prince you must retrieve colors. Remember. Hone to their sharpest, your each piece of each lamp and capture each genie. mental and physical reflexes. Each trial is harder. Fly with the wind on your carpet And the time to respond gets shorter. of magic. Enter; if you dare and if The throne awaits, but not forever. you can, the incredible world of each The gong is struck, it tolls ... genie. Hold on to your carpet as you swoop, dive,bank and careen Conunodon: M U 1 ndto.u kuf C'.ommodarr DmroNa. Ltd. C 1985 ActiviDon, Inc. ing spaces) will be required. You can make the same simple calcula tions for any category before buy ing a program. What good will the database do if your records require appending-Adding records to an existing database file. Many 35 characters per field and the pro databases handle this common task differently. gram allows a maximum of only 30 Boolean logic-Based on the algebraic logic developed by George characters? Boole, this logic system uses such operators as AND, OR, and NOT for searching and sorting records. calculated fields-A feature of some advanced databases which • How fast can the program allows you to set up arithmetical and sometimes more sophisticated process information? You 'll proba calculations with the records and fields within a file. bly have to see the program in ac tion to answer this one. If you plan database management system (DBMS)-As distinguished from a to work with hundreds of records or file manager or filing program, this is the most sophisticated type of files, a slow database program can database program. quickly exhaust your patience. Re data entry form-A record structure supplied by the program or set member that the limiting factor up by the user which permits consistent entry and retrieval of may be your hardware. For in information. Some databases provide templates of predefined forms stance, a disk- intensive program for specific applications. won't run very fast on a Commo field-The pieces of information contained in a record. dore 64 system with a 1541 disk file-A complete collection of related records which make up a drive, because the 1541 is a rela database. tively slow device. A program that file manager-A common form of database program, more power manipulates the whole file in mem ful than a simple filing program, but less flexible and powerful than a ory-as-suming you have enough true database management system. RAM-runs much faster. filing program-A simple database program characterized by its ease of use and limitations of power and flexibility. • Do you need to work with index file-A collection of key words or fields in a database which more than one file of information the program uses to retrieve information you want. at a time? Database management key words (or key fields)-Fields which you define as keys for systems generally allow this; file retrieving certain kinds of information from the database. managers may not; and fil ing pro record-A related collection of fields that forms a single, complete grams won't. Determine how im entry in a database file. portant this feature will be to you. relational database-In more advanced database management sys tems, a method of information storage and retrieval among different • Will a particular database files which are internally linked. work with your word processor or relational operators-Sometimes called relational modifiers, these spreadsheet? The real convenience symbols are used in many database programs to establish relation of a database is almost always tied ships between pieces of information. Among these operators are less in some way to your writing or than ( <), greater than (>), and equal to ( = ). financial calculations. A database sort-The process by which a database program arranges infor which can't share its information is mation in any of various ways. generally to be avoided. template-A predefined form or structure for database organization and information retrieval. Templates make it easier to enter raw • If the database system is information into the database, especially for inexperienced users. complex, are there books, video cassettes, courses, or templates ~------1 available to help you learn and use the system? Check with your dealer, and again, with a local user group. • Are the features easy to friends or colleagues have expe learn, flexible, and powerful? Ob rience with the program. User •Does the manufacturer offer viously, eve;:y progra m ha s groups are another source of help. extended service after purchase? tradeoffs . If you can't preview the A number of companies maintain program, read the descriptions on • How many characters, toll-free help lines to answer ques the package or in an advertisement. fields, records, and files will the tions and solve problems for their Watch out for programs that avoid database handle? If you'll be stor customers. Some companies also giving specific information about ing names, addresses, cities, states, promise free or inexpensive up features. Check for magazine re and zip codes, you can quickly esti grades as they issue later and better views, and ask around to see if any mate how many characters (includ versions of their programs. © 24 COMPUTE! July 1985 ...... o. \_ ~ 11,,., 'l'J ' - ._'-"'' . -. • ...... ~ - I I ...... ~ ."'t. - ("-...... ; -_. ~ . . • • .. ' · .... ...... \. ·""·~---~ - . N_Ew·tl.TLES from ·COMPUTE! ·Books for your·.IBM PC or ·pcjr COMPUTE! Books offers you these SIX new titles to help you gel MORE ENJOYMENT, MORE SATISFACTION, and MORE UTILITY from your IBM PC and PCjr. By Christopher D. Metcalf and By Russ Davies COMPVlll'• Marc B. Sugiyama Mapping the IBM PC and PC}r Here is everything on IBM teaches how to use the vast. owner needs to know to begin but hidden. capabilities of the programming in 8088 machine built-in hardware and software. language on on IBM PC or a By exploring the structure. PC-compatible computer. The organization. and meth book Includes complete odology of the PC and PCjr. instructions for the use of EDLIN, this book reveals the limits and DEBUG. and the IBM Assembler. potential of these computers, Topics covered Include BIOS giving the programmer the and DOS function Interrupts, tools necessary to design string Instructions, the stock, attractive and effective and addressing modes. This programs. IBMPCIPCr book Is a complete guide for ~,...,.,.,,~...... ,...,,,.,..,.,,,..,...... ,. the beginner as well as the $18.95 ...... ~ ...... experienced programmer. '="'~~~ • ..._....,.,.,.... Ill• $14.95 By Elmer Larsen By Edward H. Carlson Eighty-five short routines create If your ore acquainted with a wide variety of pictures. BASIC. you con easily write ~ .. , scenes. and symbols. This pic your own games and applica ture library. ranging from color tions. Thirty-three sections are ful clowns to Industrial Icons. included. with instructor notes. con Instantly be used to lessons. assignments. and lively graphically enhance your own illustrations to entertain and business. educational. or amuse you. Kids and the IBM A Groplics Collection ~. for the 1B1V1 PC onc1 Pq entertainment programs. You'll PC and PC}r is a gentle in also learn how to create and troduction to programming animate your own pictures. your PC or PCjr that won't ., Everything Is ready to type in leave you bewildered the way °"""O)~e""71!1~K:-at:J n:n"Cd!I t:7 ~ ~ ad OOJOdad on either the PC or the PCjr. the technical manuals con. ~ ~IO ~ ,.w-~ -"°"" 10 ~.....,...,....,_ $14.95 $12.95 4 caMllat...... ) '117. • By Donald B. Trivette By Arlan R. Levitan Putting Junior to Work is COMPUTI:l's Learn the Ins and outs of tele packed with Information to TELECOMPUTING cornputlng on your IBM PC or help a reader quickly learn ON THE PCjr. From selecting a modern how to get the most from the to evaluating terminal soft PCjr. The book provides all the j ware, Telecomputing on the Information necessary to get IBM will guide you through the started with the PCjr. from set steps In clear. everyday lan ting up the computer to guage. Getting online with a providing valuable information local bulletin board or an a businessperson or pro information service such as fessional will need to make in Dow Jones. The Source, or A Guide to the IBM PCjr formed choices about what CompuServe Is made easy by .•. software and hardware to the explanations offered in this ~to.I"":·----- ...... ~-~~.. Jh'tt!~rJT4~!-...-w.n i~"Q'""....:'• 0 ·7'::-0•::w'~- .. purchase. book. ~~~~~'C~ IU"P'>' ...~:ll!lic•· ~::·:;"r!(t'..,~~·: ~crdJUtOl/t:HIO~Q•lont'JIQi $1 4.95 $8.95 .....,..._.. °"""~i~POCIO -. To enjoy these newest titles from COMPUTE! Books for your IBM PC or PCjr. visit your loca l bookstore or computer store, or order directly from COMPUTE! Books. To order. c o ll Toll Free 800-334-0868, or moil your check or money .., order (including $2.00 per book for shipping) to COMPUTE! Books. P.O . Box 5058, Greensboro, NC 27403. i:======I 2~~eH!~~Esublications,lnc.9 to:=====::::! 32<1 W. Wendover Avenue. Suite 200. Greensboro. NC 27<108 . 919-2 75-9809. ~ Cl COtJAJTf l, COf>.•Fl.JTEl'I GCllene. CClt¥f>UTE"• Go:ene Otst. COt.4'\JJP Soolti. °""' C~TE' ' I "DP'e A,ppkotcns erinarian's bulletin board system (BBS), so he posted an electronic message about the unusual creature. "Overnight, this vet had re Amazing sponses from doctors in Chicago and Miami who had also treated three-legged dogs," says Lesko. "And he didn't have to wait six months for the case to appear in some vet journal, or for an annual ONLINE convention." here are three general types of Databases online databases: BBSs, com Tmercial information services, and specialized professional data Kathy Yakal. Feature Writer bases. They differ widely in the information they offer and the ac cess fees they charge. Defined loosely, databases have been around aboutas long as Calling a small BBS generally doesn't cost more than the price of people have been communicatingwttb each other. A database the phone call (and only then if it's Is simply a collection of information-which could be any long-distance). Some BBSs have thing from an Individual's detailed knowledge of a certain started charging for memberships, topic to a modern-day library. Traditionally, the main prob often just to limit the number of lem wttb databases bas been organizing them so you can callers and make the board more quicklyfind just the piece ofinformation you need. But now, accessible. The fees also help defray electronic databases make It possible to recall almost any the expenses of operating a BBS, kf,nd .of Information faster than ever before. most of which are run by home computer enthusiasts in their spare 1------""'T"'------1 time. Hundreds of these informal BBSs are scattered throughout the country, and they offer a wide here do you go when you finding information. Thousands of range of online information and need information? If online databases, ranging from public domain software. Most of Wyou're doing research for small bulletin board systems to ma the information is oriented toward a school paper, you probably go to jor information services, contain computer hobbyists. a library. If you want the results of the answers to almost any ques If you're looking for a broader yesterday's major league baseball tions imaginable. Today's online base of information and users, you games, you might look in the morn databases are repositories for ency may want to consider subscribing ing newspaper or call the paper's clopedias, current and back issues to a commercial information ser sports desk. If you want to identify of newspapers and magazines, pro vice. The most popular are Compu· the odd-looking birds that have fessional journals, industry reports, Serve, The Source, Dow Jones been hanging out in your backyard, airline schedules, shopping cata News/Retrieval, Delphi, and you could find a bird book, or call logs, and much more. American People/Link. These ser the local zoo or animal association. There's another aspect to on vices are operated at central loca In some cases, immediacy is line databases as well, one that goes tions with mainframe computers essential. If your cat is sneezing and beyond the computerized storage and offer everything from stock moping around the house a lot, you of published information. " It's not market quotes and encyclopedias to could write a letter to the veterinari just taking what was published in teleconferences and back issues of an who has a column in the Sunday print and putting it on a computer The Wall Street Journal. Generally, paper, hoping that he'll print your because it would be better and fast they can be accessed with a local letter along with a diagnosis. But er," says Matthew Lesko, publisher phone call from most major cities, phoning a local vet makes more of Information USA , a monthly thanks to long-distance networks sense. Television shows that offer newsletter covering the database leased by the services. Hourly rates hints on repairing your home's industry. "It's really using telecom range from about $5 to $100 or plumbing or your car are helpful, munications to get similar-minded more, depending on time of access, but if you have a leaky faucet or a people to communicate sooner with the speed of your modem, and spe temperature gauge that's running each other." cial services you may require. hot, you'd best get an expert's ad Lesko recalls talking to an For the most part, commercial vice fast. Iowa veterinarian who one day was information services cater to com A home computer with a mo called upon to treat a three-legged puter hobbyists and business peo dem offers another alternative for dog. The doctor belonged to a vet- ple. If what you need is highly 26 COMPUTE! July 1985 Be anythingyou want on American PEOPLE/LINK, discover our affordable videotex entertainment, where people from across the country get together call or write us today. every night. PEOPLE/LINK ... the network that says They are people with interests in sports, movies, "Thank You." music, games. and just meeting other people ... people like you. Whatever your interests or . ~~~~~AMERICAN fantasies, you'll find someone to share them with on PEOPLE/LINK. See for yourselfwhy so many men and women are i[!ll PEq~~~ getting together and partying online with us. Not screen after screen of boring data ... just lo ts of American PEOPLE/LINK fun and friendly people. Arlington Ridge Office Center 3215 N. Frontage Road - Suite 1505 And our low, low rates won't turn your online Arlington Heights, IL 60004 dreams into nightmarish monthly charges. To 1-800-524-0100 (Toll Free) 1-312-870-5200 (Illinois) detailed information on a very spe from all over the country to chat tives (to online databases]," ex cific subject-usually related to a anonymously online. Teleconfer plains Lesko, "but usually no one professional or technical occupa ences on special topics also are has hired a $50,000 a year salesman tion-you can subscribe to a more scheduled from time to time. Tele to go out and tell you about it. specialized online database. A wide gaming, ranging from simple com People aren't aware of the alterna selection is available, from scientific puter versions of popular board and tives, so databases are becoming and research clearinghouses to card games to fast-paced interactive the ultimate buyer's beware legal libraries. These are the most fantasy and adventure games, market.") expensive databases of all, with ac draws a large audience. Online cat Test drive a database. Find a cess fees of $300 or $400 an hour alog shopping is beginning to pick way to try out a database as cheaply not uncommon. up speed as more vendors advertise as possible to see if you're really The regular information ser their products electronically. going to use it enough. If you have vices are enough for most people, In addition, information ser an acquaintance who uses a certain but even they can verge on overkill. vices provide some material un database, ask to pay for a few "Commercial databases have been a va ila ble elsewhere, such as hours' use on their password before in existence for six or seven years, electronic journals that are not in signing up for a subscription your but they've been aimed at the busi print. Frequent fliers can save mon self. Sometimes when you buy a ness market and kept pretty techni ey on airline tickets by finding the modem or terminal program, the cal and expensive," says Lesko. "In lowest fares online. And for people package includes a free subscrip the business area, the average who avidly watch the stock market, tion and some free access time on hourly online fee was $100. For the access to what's happening on the some information services. consumer, most of that stuff is in trading floor with only a two-sec Look at reference books listing the library, so why should they pay ond delay can be well worth the databases. There are several avail $100 when they can just go and get money. able, including the Computer Data it? Why should I pay $100 to read and Database Source Book (Matthew The New York Times when I can Lesko, Avon Books) and the Omni nline databases aren't for have it delivered to my door for 50 Online Database Directory 1985 everybody, however. To cents? Plus I can take it on the bus." (Owen Davies and Mike Edelhart, avoid subscribing to one 0 Collier Books). for the wrong reasons, spending a esko compares these early days lot of money unnecessarily, and ul Once you've decided on a data of online databases to the food timately souring on the whole idea, base, learn how to use it before sign Lprocessor craze a few years Lesko has a few suggestions: ing on . Nothing is more irritating back. Manufacturers were saying, than watching the minutes (and Look, you can make a whole meal with Do your homework. Dig before dollars) tick off while you try to find these things. Everything can be run you decide on an online database. your way through and out of the through the food processor. Go to information people, such as myriad menus in a huge electronic "What some database people librarians. They've been in the database. are saying is, you can solve all the database business a long time. Find problems in the world if you buy my out if the information you need is database . Well, you can't, and there available from another source, and n old saying favored by are more efficient ways to solve if the time it takes to access that many schoolteachers is that them. When you're oversold, you source is acceptable for your pur if school teaches you any poses. Talk to experts in a particular A become easily disappointed." thing, it should teach you how to People have to learn, he says, field. They probably know about learn. Online databases are new when it pays to use an online data the best databases. tools for people of all ages to im base-and when it doesn't. Try using th e telephone without prove their learning skills, share " What's happening is everyone a modem. If you're looking for infor information, and-as Lesko says gets modems and uses them to join mation on energy, for instance, make contact with like-minded an online database. The first month there's a toll-free government hot people. they get a bill for $100, and they line for almost anything you want "The only thing that limits us stop using it. " to know about energy. from growth is taking time to rein There are as many reasons to Be aware that you can get lots of vent the wheel," he says. "If some subscribe to these services as there information free, if you're not in a one across the street has an answer are reasons to be wary of them. hurry. If you want to monitor legis and can share it, then I can go on Typically, their most popular fea lation, there are at least half a dozen and use those resources somewhere tures include sections devoted to online databases you can call, but else. specific computers, so users can they can cost as much as $200 an "As a nation-and it's an ide trade information, exchange public hour. Alternatively, you can make a alistic viewpoint-we will really domain programs, seek answers to free phone call to your local con progress a lot faster as electronic technical problems, and share in gressional office, which can call the information becomes increasingly dustry gossip. Bill Status Office, which has the available. I think our temperament Teleconferencing-such as database on legislation. They'll is to share, and telecommunications CompuServe's popular CB simula send you a printout at no charge. is going to make that happen tor-provides a forum for people ("There are less expensive alterna faster." © 28 COMPUTE! July 1985 Commodore Accessories Super Sale byCPX BEST SERVICE • HIGHEST QUALITY • LOWEST PRICES COLOR MONITOR • 14' screen Our best buy. 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AND SAVE mm COD ~ !II computer •90 DAY WARRANTY peripheral 15 DAY FREE TRIAL• SATISFACTION OR YOUR MONEY BACK! exchange NO CHARGE UNTIL WE SHIP YOUR ORDER Prices do not inc lude shipping 0 1 appli cable taxes or duties. Sorry no personal checksaccepted 23854 Via Fabricante, Suite D-3 Mission Viejo CA 92691 Softball Statistics Roger Felton It's time to get ready for the midsum But as demanding as all these If you're a professional base mer and fall softball leagu es, and positions are, there's another that ball or Little League fan , you can you'll want to keep track of all the could be worse-that of team stat use Softball Statistics to follow the individual and team results. With istician. Keeping track of your fortunes of your favorite team. And "Softball Statistics," it's easy. You can teammates' performance is often a with modifications, it could be enter data for each player's times at laborious, thankless job. Some adapted to a wide variety of sports. bat, hits, runs, and so on. The pro times the statistician is a reserve gram automatically computes batting player or friend of the team who Typing The Program averages, stores cumulative results on doesn't even get to play. Caged in Because the main routines in Soft disk or tape as the season progresses, the dugout, the statistician is sup ball Statistics are compatible with generates formatted printouts with posed to document every hit, run, nearly all Microsoft BASIC lan sorted rankings for all players, and and walk, and boost team morale guages, Program 1 is a general ver more. Originally written for the Atari by contributing lively chatter. After sion for all computers. An (with at least 16K RAM for tape or the game, the statistician has to exception is Atari BASIC, which 24K for disk), the program has been spend hours punching numbers handles strings somewhat differ enhanced and adapted for the Com into a calculator to figure out the ently than Microsoft BASIC. There modore 64, VIC-20 (with at least BK batting averages. fore, if you have an Atari expansion), Plus/4, 16, PET, Tl "Softball Statistics" makes that 400/800/XL/XE with at least 16K 99/4A (regular BASIC), IBM PC and job much easier. After each game, RAM, type in Program 6 only. Do PCjr (disk only), and Apple II series the program prompts you to enter not type in Program 1. (disk only). An BO-column printer is vital stats for each player. Then it If you have any other com optional but recommended. The pro automatically calculates the batting puter, type in Program 1 plus the gram also can be translated for addi averages and prints sorted rankings modifications for your particular tional computers or modified to track on the screen or printer. It can also machine. Program 2 contains the statistics for other sports as well. print sorted rankings for hits, runs, modifications for the Commodore and runs batted in. These game sta 64, VIC-20, Plus/4, 16, and PET. tistics can then be merged with data The :rem at the end of each line is a for all previous games, and updated checksum value for the VIC and 64 What's the worst position on a soft season results can be sorted by cate 11 Automatic Proofreader" program. ball team? Catchers have to squat in gory and printed. Finally, the pro If you have one of the other Com an uncomfortable stance for an gram lets you store the cumulative modore computers, ignore and do hour or more and duck pazardous statistics on disk or tape. not type the :rems. Program 3 has foul balls. Pitchers have to duel We've provided versions of modifications for the IBM PC and with mighty sluggers and dodge Softball Statistics for more than ten PCjr. Program 4 has modifications powerful line drives. Basemen have different computers, but if a version for the Apple fl series, and Program to stretch their bodies like rubber for your computer is not included, it 5 contains modifications for the TI bands to nab wayward throws from can be translated without too much 99 / 4A. Example: If you have a their teammates while keeping at difficulty if you're familiar with Commodore 64, you would type in least one toe on the base bag. And tape or disk input/output on your Program 1 and the lines in Program outfielders have to scoop up bounc machine. In all versions, the input/ 2 as a single program. ing grounders with the knowledge output routine starts at line 3000 Since Program 1 is a general that no one is backing them up and the printing routine starts at version for several computers, it is besides the outfield fence . line 4000. listed without 11 Automatic Proof 30 COMPUTE! July 1985 reader" checksums (see "COM function, and it ignores the you have an IBM or TI). The next PUTE! ' s Guide to Typing in PLAYERX entries. prompt asks: Programs" elsewhere in this issue). Finally, put your own team's ENTER YOUR SCORE AND THEIR Be extra careful when typing Program name in the string statement at line SCORE (SEPARATED BY A 1 because a mistyped line could yield 140 in the general version or line COMMA): inaccurate results even if the program 120 in the Atari version. If you have For instance, if your team lost by a runs without errors. a TI-99/4A, make sure the printer score of 9 to 5, you'd type 5,9 and Proofreader checksums are in configuration statements at lines press RETURN. cluded for the Atari version of Soft 4020 and 5010 are correct for your The program now begins ask ba 11 Statistics, since it is a printer (see your manual). With ing for individual player statistics. If self-contained program, and for the these adjustments, Softball Statis the first player name on your roster Commodore, IBM, and Apple mod tics is now ready to run. is LENNY, the program prints: ifications (Apple readers should Important note: You should LENNY'S STATISTICS FOR THIS note that an Apple version of the avoid tinkering with the player GAME: Automatic Proofreader is new this name DATA statements once month; see the "Apple Automatic you've started using the program. and then prompts you, one by one, Proofreader" article in this issue). Otherwise, there will be problems to enter the number of times at bat, We recommend loading the Proof when it attempts to compute cumu runs scored, hits, runs batted in (RBis), doubles, triples, home runs, reader before typing either Pro lative season totals. If you drop a gram 1 or the modifications player from the roster and replace and walks. At each prompt, type the appropriate number and press simply ignore the checksums re him with another player, the new RETURN. After the last prompt, the turned on the screen when you en player's totals will contain the old program continues to the next play ter lines from Program 1. player's results as well. So to drop a er on the roster and repeats the When you finish typing either player, substitute a PLAYERX dum cycle. Program 6 for Atari or Program 1 my entry at that position in the If a certain player missed a plus the modifications for your DATA statement. Of course, this game, type 999 at the first prompt. computer, save a copy on disk or means the dropped player's results This automatically enters zeros for tape for safekeeping before running will no longer be included in the all his stats and skips to the next it for the first time. team totals for the season. If you player. In fact, entering 999 at any wish to retain a dropped player's prompt inputs zeros for all of a Entering The Roster results in the team totals, leave the player's remaining game stats. The next step is to enter your team's player's name in the DATA state roster into the program. Softball ment and enter 999 in response to Statistics can handle a team with up all input prompts following subse lndlvldual Printouts to 20 players and stores this infor quent games (see below). After you type the last statistic for mation in DATA statements as part the last player, the program prints of the program itself. Compiling Statistics the message WORKING while it In all versions, the DATA Once the roster is entered, you can sorts all the data. (The WORKING statements begin at line 2070. The run the program. It begins by ask message appears at other points in statements must conform to a pre ing for statistics for individual the program during sorts, since the defined format: a two-digit jersey games. The first prompt reads: sort routine is written in BASIC and number followed by a space, then WHO DID YOU PLAY? is not particularly fast.) In a few the player's first or last name. Pre moments, the program says: cede one-digit jersey numbers with Respond with the opposing team's a zero, such as 08 for 8. Names can name-such as KELLY'S DINER DO YOU WANT A PRINTOUT OF be any length, but only the first and press RETURN (or ENTER if THE GAME'S STATS (Y/N)? seven characters appear on the ~------L------t printouts. Each entry is separated Figure 1: Printout of Team Game Stats by a comma. Example: 2070 DATA 23 LEE,17 JACKSON,33 ROSTER IS SORTED BY BATTING AVERAGE JOHNSTON,10 WNGSTREET,04 PICKETT I PLAYER AB RUNS HITS RBI 28 38 HR BB AVG In the output, "JOHNSTON" and 89 "ARTY 6 2 5 3 2 l e 8.B33 "LONGSTREET" would appear as 83 JOHN 5 2 4 2 2 e l 1 e.aee "JOHNSTO" and "LONGSTR." 55 m:E 4 I 3 1 1 e 1 e 8.758 The programs are listed with 44 J11• 5 4 3 1 2 8 8 8 8.688 dummy entries in the DATA state ea r.EN 4 1 2 1 I 1 8 8 8.568 ments, such as 44 JIM and 10 88 BOB 6 3 3 2 2 I 8 2 I.SH PLAYERX. Substitute your own 22 PETE 5 l 2 2 8 8 8 8 8.481 team members for these entries. If 87 BILL 5 I 2 8 8 8 8 8.4ee your team has fewer than 20 play 0.333 ers, leave the remaining dummy 86 BARRY 6 2 2 0 8 8 3 entries in the DATA statements; the program must have 20 entries to TOTALS 46 17 26 12 12 1 3 6 8.565 L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---~~~~~~~--' 32 COMPUTE! 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S89.99 ~ IDEAmax • ZPR, 64K, C, S, P.$229.00 ZVM 124 IBM Amber...... $149.00 OKJO\TA File Manager (IBM) ...... $39.99 IDEAminl - YPR, C, S, P ...... $189.00 IDEAminimax • MPR 128K ...... S229.00 ZVM 130 Color ...... $279.00 83, 84, 92, 93, 182, 192, 193 ELECTRON IC ARTS" IDEAshare Sohware ...... $219 .00 ZVM .131 Color ...... $299.00 2410, Okimale-20 ...... CALL Get Organized ...... $69.99 IDEA 5251 ...... $699.00 ZVM 133 RGB ...... $429.00 Okimare 10 (Specify C64/Alari)S199.00 Cu1 -n- Paste ...... $39.99 ZVM 135 RGB/Color ...... $459.00 Music Consrruction ...... S29.99 MYLEX One -on- One ...... $29.99 ZVM 136 RGB/Color ...... $599.00 OLYMPIA The Chairman ...... $489.00 Financial Cookbook ...... $34.99 Needlepoint Dot Malrix ...... $329.00 Compact R0...... $339 .00 P. ~ 6!l:'.!i6 PARADISE Compact 2...... $369.00 Elecrronlc Desk ...... $199.00 Modular Graphics Card ...... $279.00 BORIROD Multi Display Card ...... S299.00 I llll(JU.IA.ll()H.l.l Five Pack C, S ...... $159.00 Panasonic. Turbo Pasca1...... S39.99 Graphcard ...... $79.99 KX1090 ...... S199.00 Sideklck ...... $39.99 PLANTRONICS Serlall Card ... ·~...... $99. 99 KX1091 ...... $279.00 SM Color Plus ...... $369.00 Microbulfer II+ ...... $169.00 KX1092 ...... $409.00 Open Access ...... $379.00 Microbuffer 32K ...... S189.00 KX1093 ...... SS99.00 fi;.J~~ I ; ~ Har\'ard Software Inc. Captain - 64...... $239.00 Harvard Project Manager ...... $209.00 Captain Jr. 128K ...... S339.00 ~o Total Project Manager ...... $269.00 Graphics Master ...... $469.00 Microlazer ...... lrom $139.00 Ouadjet ...... $749.00 Elazer (Epson) ...... lrom $79.99 ~- P.fS: IBM/APPLE iiorange ffilcrc) ~ Si~ER-REEO Access (NEW) ...... $79.99 Quadboard 11 ...... $229.00 400 Lener Ouallty ...... $279.00 Write/Graph/File/Plan ...... (ea.) S79.99 Expanded Quadboard~· ...... $239.00 Grappler CD (C64)...... $99.99 500 Leiter Qualily ...... $299.00 Repon ...... S74.99 Quad 51 2 + ...... $249.00 Grappler + (Apple)...... $89.99 550 Leiter Ouality ...... $429.00 Prool...... $59.99 Quad 2 Meg ...... $879.00 Grappler 16K + (Apple)...... $159.00 770 Leiter Ouali1y ...... S779.00 Mac Soltware ...... CALL Memory Board ...... $229.00 SSl5Jftware QuadJr Exp. Chassls ...... $499.00 DIGITAL DEVICES ~f' Word Perlect ...... $239.00 QuadJr Exp. Memory...... $219.00 SG10 (120 cps) ...... $239.00 Ou adMemJr...... $229.00 Ape Face (Alarl) ...... $49 .99 Human Edge™ Chronograph ...... $89.99 SG15 (120 cps) ...... $399.00 U-Prlnl A (Alari) ...... $54.99 Communicalion Edge ...... $99.99 Parallel Card ...... $69.99 U-A 16/Bulfer (Alan) ...... $74.99 SD10 (16 0 cps) ...... $359.00 Managemenl Edge ...... Sl 19.00 Ouadcolor 1...... $219.00 U-Call lnlerface (Alari) ...... $39.99 SD15 (160 cps) ...... $479.00 Negotiatmn Edge...... $139.00 Quadgraph ...... $379.00 U-Prinl C (C64) ...... S49 .99 SR10 (200 cps) ...... $499.00 Sales Edge ...... $1 19.00 P-16 Prinl Bufler ...... $74.99 SR15 (200 cps) ...... $639.00 SOFTWARE GROUP Powenype Lener Quallty ...... $319.00 Enable ...... S549.00 ITlf'P ffilCROBITS SB10 (NEW) ...... CALL THOUGHTWARE MB1150 Para llel (Atari) ...... $79.99 TOSHIBA Trigger ...... S289.00 MPP-1 150 Parallel (Atari) ...... $69.99 Sell, Sell, Sell MP-1150Xl (Atari 1200Xl)...... $69.99 ... $599.00 Tralnlng ...... $299.00 MicroSrulfer 64K Prinl BuHer ...$1 09.00 Application ...... S179.00 Type Y for yes or N for no. If you press N, the program asks if you Figure 2: Printouts of Slugging Stats want to input data for another game. If you press Y, it asks: HITS SORT: RBIS SORT: RUMS SORT: TO SCREEN OR PRINTER (S/Pl? I PLAYER HITS I PLAYER RBIS I PLAYER RUNS Type S or P. Softball Statistics then 89 KARTY 5 19 KARTY 3 .;~JUI ~ prints the individual stats for all 13 JOHN 4 13 JOHN 2 3 team members for that game, sort 88 BOB 22 2 ed in descending order by batting SS KIKE 3 PETE 13 JOHN 2 averages (see Figure 1). Because the 44 JIK 3 88 BOB L 16 BARRY 2 ~ output is formatted for an 80 88 BOB ,) 44 JI" I 19 KARTY 2 column printer, it looks odd-but is 16 BARRY 2 SS KIKE I SS "IKE I still readable-on screens with less 18 KEN 2 ea KEN I 18 KEN 1 than 80 columns. By pressing any 22 PETE 2 87 BILL 0 22 PETE I key, you can stop the screen or 17 BILL 2 16 BARRY 9 11 BILL 1 printer output at any time. Start output again by pressing P. TOTAL HITS 26 TOTAL RBIS 12 TOTAL RUNS 17 Next, the program asks: DO YOU WANT SORTED PRINT OUTS OF HIT, RBI, AND RUN Season totals are then comput gram gives you the opportunity to LEADERS (Y/Nl? ed automatically, and the program save the updated data file on disk or Again, type Y for yes or N for asks: tape until the next game. no. If you type N, the program asks DO YOU WANT A PRINTOUT OF if you want to input stats for anoth THE YEAR'S STATS (Y/N)? Softball Computing er game. If you answer Y, it asks If you type N, you're asked to If you're interesting in program again if you want the output direct specify a filename to save the up ming, you can learn a lot by study ed to the screen or printer, and then dated data file, and the program ing Softball Statistics because it's prints sorted rankings for the vari ends. If you answer Y, the program written in straight BASIC with no ous slugging categories for that asks if you want output directed to machine language. In fact, the input/ game (see Figure 2). As before, you the screen or printer, and then output routine beginning at line can stop the output by pressing any prints season totals for all players. 3000 and the printing routine start key and restart it by pressing P. This printout includes the team's ing at line 4000 are general enough Finally, the program asks: win-loss record and sorts players in to be adapted to your own DO YOU WANT TO INPUT STATS descending order by batting aver programs. FROM ANOTHER GAME (Y/N)? ages (see Figure 3). You don't have to be a pro Usually you type Nat this prompt, Afterward, the program asks if grammer, though, to appreciate unless you're entering results of you want sorted printouts for hits, Softball Statistics. If you're a soft more than one game. If you type Y, RBis, and runs-again, based on ball statistician, no longer do you the program repeats the entire pro season totals (these charts resemble have the worst position on the cess described above. those in Figure 2). Finally, the pro- team. Maybe it's the shortstop .... Season Totals Softball Statistics makes it easy for you to tabulate running totals for Figure 3: Printout of Season Totals the entire season by storing game STATISTICS FOR THE YEAR: results on tape or disk. After you've RECORD FOR THE YEAR: WINS:2 LOSSES:! entered and viewed the stats for the most recent game, the program ROSTER IS SORTED BY BATTING AVERAGE asks: WOULD YOU LIKE TO MERGE IN BB AVG DATA FOR THE YEAR (Y/N)? I PLAYER AB RUNS HITS RBI 2B 3B HR 83 JOHN 16 18 11 11 5 4 2 3 8.688 The first time you run Softball 86 BARRY 18 12 11 8 4 1 4 5 8.611 Statistics, of course, you won't have 87 17 18 18 7 3 3 3 2 8.588 any previous data on disk or tape, BILL so you'd answer N, skipping to the S5 KIKE 18 18 II 18 5 3 I 4 8.556 next prompt. During subsequent 44 JI" 18 9 9 7 s 2 1 2 8.SH runs, you'd answer Y to merge in 88 BOB 17 12 8 7 4 1 2 I 8.471 data for the year. The program then 19 "ARTY 17 18 8 18 4 2 3 4 8.471 requests a filename for the disk or 22 PETE 17 7 6 4 3 1 1 3 8.353 tape data file and merges these ex ea KEN 17 6 6 7 3 1 2 4 8.3S3 isting stats with the results you've entered for the latest game or TOTALS lSS 86 79 71 36 18 19 28 8.SUJ games. 36 COMPUTE! July 1985 The long-awaited companion to Tool Kit: BASIC has arrived. COMPUTE!'s VIC-20 and Commodore 64 Tool Kit: Kernal by Don Heeb $16.95 • Explains the mysteri ous ROM routines in a clear. step-by step fash ion • Includes screen. serial. tape. and RS-232-C routines • Helps you understand each of the standard Kernal jump routines by describing them thoroughly and clearly. This book can help a beginner understand how the Kernal and the computer work. It can help an intermediate pro grammer become an expert. And for experts. this is an essential reference. And new for the Commodore 64 and 128, COMPUTE!'s Commodore 64/ 128 Collection Edited. $12.95 Now for the Commodore 64 and the Commodore 128. this collection brings together some of the best games, applications. and utilities from COMPUTE! Publications. •All programs run on the 64 and the 128 ru nning in 64- mode. • Sections detail the advanced special features of the powerful, new 128 computer. •A disk is available which includes programs in the book. Th is is the ideal book for beginning and intermediate users of the Commodore 64 and the new Commodore 128. Look for these a nd other best-selling titles from COMPUTE! Books at your local computer and book stores or order directly from COMPUTE! Publications. To order. co ll toll free 800-334-0868 or mail your payment (including $2.00 per book for shipping charges) to COMPUTE! Books. P.O. Box 5058. Greensboro. NC 27403. 2Q~~Yng~~tEublications,lnc . 9 Program 1: Softball Statis 730 PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO INPU 1420 FOR I=l TO 8 T STATS FROM ANOTHER GAME 1430 8$nSTR$(8(I)) tics, Main Program (Y/N)?" 1440 8$=MID$(C$,l,D5-LEN(8$))+ 740 GOSUB 1920 MID$(8$,D6,LEN(8$}) Version By Patrick Parrish, 750 IF A$="Y" THEN 230 1450 R$(J)=R$(J)+8$ Programming Supervisor 760 GOSUB 2030 1460 NEXT I 770 PRINT "WOULD YOU LIKE TO M 1470 IF 8(9)=0 THEN 1530 ERGE IN DATA FOR THE YEAR 1480 AV$ =STR$(8(9)) 100 D5:o5 (Y/N)?" 110 D6:o2 1490 IF MID$(AV$,l,l)<>" "THE 780 GOSUB 1920 N 1510 120 PL=20 790 IF A$="N" THEN 840 130 DIM B(9),CC(20),IN(21),ST( 1500 AV$=MID$(AV$ , 2,6) 800 C=l 1510 IF MID$ (AV$, l, 1) <>"." THE 8),RT(20,8),TT(20,8),F$(8) 810 GOSU8 3010 , NA$ ( 20), R$ ( 21) N 1530 820 W=SW+W 140 TM$n"TEAM NAME" 1520 AV$="0"+AV$ 830 L=SL+L 150 C$="0000" 1530 R$(J)=R$(J)+MID$(AV$ ,l,5) 840 GOSU8 1670 160 FOR I=l TO 8 1540 RETURN 850 FOR J=l TO PL 170 READ F$(I) 1550 REM SORT BY AVERAGES 180 NEXT I 860 FOR I=l TO 8 1560 88=43 190 FOR J=l TO PL 870 IF A$="N" OR MID$(NA$(J),4 1570 E=5 200 READ NA$(J) ,7)="PLAYERX" THEN 920 1580 GOSUB 1210 210 NA$(J)=MID$(NA$(J),l,10) 880 8(I)=VAL(MID$(R$(J},ll+(I 1590 IF MM=l THEN 1630 1)*4,4)) 1600 GOSUB 2030 220 NEXT J 890 8(I)=RT(J,I)+B(I) 1610 PRINT "DO YOU WANT A PRIN 230 FOR J=l TO PL 900 RT(J,I)=8(I) TOUT OF THE GAME'S STATS 240 R$(J)=MID$(NA$(J),l,LEN(NA 910 GOTO 930 $(J)))+MID$("(10 SPACES]", (Y/N)?" 920 8(I)=RT(J,I) 1620 GOSUB 1920 l,10-LEN(NA$(J}}) 930 ST( I)=0 1630 IF A$="N" THEN 1660 250 FOR I=l TO 8 940 NEXT I 1640 GOSU8 1960 260 TT(J,I)=0 950 R$(J)=MID$(R$(J),l,10) 1650 GOTO 4010 270 ST(I)=0 960 GOSUB 1350 1660 RETURN 280 NEXT I 1670 PRINT 290 NEXT J 970 NEXT J 1680 PRINT "WORKING ... " 300 GOSUB 2030 980 MM=l 1690 RETURN 310 PRINT "GAME STATISTICS" 990 FOR I=l TO 8 1700 PRINT 320 PRINT "WHO DID YOU PLAY" 1000 FOR J=l TO PL 1010 ST(I)=ST(I)+RT{J,I) 330 INPUT OT$ 1710 PRINT "DO YOU WANT SORTED 1020 NEXT J 340 PRINT "ENTER YOUR SCORE AN PRINTOUTS OF HIT, RBI, A 1030 B(I)=ST(I) D THEIR SCORE (SEPARATED B 1040 NEXT I ND RUN LEADERS (Y/N)?" Y A COMMA)" 1720 GOSUB 1920 1050 R$(J)="" 350 INPUT YS,TS 1730 IF A$="N" THEN 1760 1060 GOSUB 1350 360 W=W+ABS(YS>TS) 1740 GOSUB 1960 1070 TT$=R$(J) 1750 GOTO 1770 370 L=L+ABS(TS>YS) 1080 GOSU8 2030 380 FOR J=l TO PL 1760 RETURN 390 IF MID$(NA$(J) ,4, 7) <>"PLAY 1090 PRINT "DO YOU WANT A PRIN 1770 GOSUB 1670 ERX" THEN 420 TOUT OF THE YEAR'S STATS 1780 88=19 400 R$(J)=R$(J)+"0000000000000 (Y/N)?" 1790 E=4 00000000000000000000.000" 1100 GOSUB 1920 1800 GOSUB 1210 1810 I=3 410 GOTO 600 1110 IF A$="N" THEN 1140 420 GOSUB 2030 1120 GOSUB 1670 1820 GOSU8 5000 430 PRINT MID$(NA$(J),4,LEN(NA 1130 GOSU8 1560 1830 BB =23 $(J)));"'S STATISTICS FOR 1140 PRINT "DO YOU WANT TO SAV 1840 GOSUB 1210 THIS GAME:" E THE DATA (Y/N)?" 1850 I=4 440 FOR I=l TO 8 1150 GOSUB 1920 1860 GOSU8 5000 450 B(I)=0 1160 IF A$="Y" THEN 1180 1870 88=15 460 PRINT F$ (I) 1170 END 1880 Gpsua 1210 470 INPUT B(I) 1180 C-2 1890 I=2 480 IF LEN(STR$(B(I)))>=D5 THE 1190 GOTO 3010 1900 GOSUB 5000 N 450 1200 REM SHELL SORT 1910 RETURN 490 IF B(I)<>999 THEN 540 1210 FOR J=l TO PL 1950 RETURN 500 FOR K=I TO 8 1220 IN(J)uJ 1960 PRINT 510 B(K)=0 1230 CC(J)=VAL(MID$(R$(J),8B,E 1970 PRINT "TO SCREEN OR PRINT 520 NEXT K )) ER (S/P)?" 2020 RETURN 530 I=8 1240 NEXT J 2040 RETURN 540 NEXT I 1250 FOR J2PL-l TO l STEP -1 550 GOSUB 1350 1260 FOR I•l TO J 2050 DATA TIMES AT BAT,RUNS,HI 560 FOR I=l TO 8 1270 IF CC(IN(I))>CC(IN(I+l))T TS,RBIS,DOUBLES ,TRIPLES,H 570 RT(J,I)=RT(J,I)+B(l) HEN 1310 OME RUNS,WALKS 580 TT(J,I)=TT(J,I)+B(I) 1280 TE=IN( I) 2060 REM LIST PLAYERS BY NUMBE 590 NEXT I 1290 IN(I)nIN(I+l) R & NAME 600 NEXT J 1300 IN(I+l)=TE 2070 DATA 44 JIM,22 PETE,03 JO 610 GOSUB 1670 1310 NEXT I HN,08 KEN,55 MIKE 620 MM=0 1320 NEXT J 2080 DATA 06 BARRY,07 BILL,08 630 FOR I=l TO 8 1330 RETURN 808,09 MARTY,10 PL 640 FOR J=l TO PL 1340 REM BUILD R$ AYE RX 650 ST(I)=ST(I)+TT(J,I) 1350 IF B(l)=0 THEN 1380 2090 DATA 11 PLAYERX, 12 PLAYER 660 NEXT J 1360 IF 8(3)=0 THEN 1380 X, 13 PLAYERX, 14 PLAYERX, 1 670 B(I)aST(I) 1370 GOTO 1410 5 PLAYERX 680 NEXT I 1380 8(9)=0 2100 DATA 16 PLAYERX,17 PLAYER 690 R$(J)="" 1390 AV$="0.000" X,18 PLAYERX,19 PLAYERX,2 700 GOSUB 1350 1400 GOTO 1420 0 PLAYERX 710 TT$=R$(J) 1410 B(9)=INT(8(3)/B(l)*l000+. 3000 REM INPUT/OUTPUT ROUTINE 720 GOSUB 1560 5 >I rn00+. 0001 4000 REM PRINT ROUTINE 36 COMPUTE! July 1965 Program 2: Softball Statis (5 SPACES)3B(5 SPACES)HR" Program 3: Softball Statis , :rem 2 tics, Commodore 4080 PRINT #DE,"(5 SPACES}BB tics, IBM PC/PCJr Modifications (6 SPACES)AVG":FORJ=lTOPL Modifications :rem 239 Version By Patrick Parrish, 4090 IFMID$(R$(IN(J)),4,7)="PL Version By Patrick Parrish, Programming Supervisor AYERX"THEN4160 : rem 7 Programming Supervisor Please refer to "COMPUTEl's Guide to Typing 4100 PRINTtDE ,MID$(R$(IN(J)),l Please refer to "COMPUTEl's Gulde to Typing In Programs" before entering this listing. ,10)" "; :rem 219 In Programs" before entering this listing. 4110 FORI=lT08:Q=0:FORK=0T03: I 1920 GET A$ :rem 17 FMID$(R$(IN(J)),ll+(I-l)* EL 90 WIDTH 80:KEY OFF:DEF SEG•0 1930 IF A$="" THEN 1920:rem 61 4+K,1)<>"0"THENQ=l :POKE 1047,PEEK<1"47> OR 6 1940 IF (A$<>"Y") AND (A$<>"N" :rem lAl 4 4120 IFMID$(R$(IN(J)),ll+(I-l) ) THEN 1920 :rem 186 JC 1920 AS=INKEYS *4+K,1)="0"ANDQ=0ANDK=3TH Kl 1930 IF AS•'"' THEN 1920 1980 GET P$ :rem 38 ENPRINT#DE,"0";:GOT04150 1990 IF P$="" THEN 1980:rem 88 FF 1940 IF (AS< >" Y") AND July 1985 COMPUTE! 39 ~ 4100 IF MIDS 40 COMPUTE! Jul\ I 965 Program 5: Softball Statis 3200 R• July 1985 COMPUTE! 41 Program 6: Softball Statis ATA FOR THE YEAR =RT L>,AVSC5>,TES<32>,TMS FLAG•21GOSUB 50001RET 42 COMPUTE! July 1985 N TS•"THE YEAR"1GOTO FD 5000 IF FLAG•0 THEN DES•" 4050 Pz":IF DE•l THEN DES BO 4040 TS•"THIS GAME" •"E: .. FC 4050 PRINT ttl 1 "STATISTICS 6J5010 TRAP 51811J:IF FLAG•0 FOR ";TS1"1"1IF MM• THEN OPEN ttl,B,llJ,DES 1 THEN 4070 DD5020 PRINT 4tl1T•01PRINT 4t LD4060 PRINT 4t11TMS;" VS"; l:PRINT 4t11FS< HP 4210 IF TTS((I-llS4+K, Maintain a master index of magazine lines 1999-2050 from Program 1. (TI des by Charles Brannon, choose articles with this short BASIC pro users should also note line 100, option 2 and enter BRANNON in gram for the Commodore 64, 128, which configures your system for response to the author prompt. VIC-20, Plus/ 4, 16, PET, Atari, printer output. Check your printer Once the listing begins, you can Apple II series, IBM PC/PCjr, and manual and change this line as pause it by pressing any key, and TI-99 / 4A . With slight modifications , needed to set up your particular resume by pressing P. the Commodore version can work on printer.) The program should be Fast Filer accepts abbrevia any computer with Microsoft BASIC. easy to convert for other computers tions, so it's usually not necessary (such as the TRS-80) that use Micro to type in the entire name. You can soft BASIC. The only lines you abbreviate COMPUTE! as COMPU, How many times have you been need to change are those that in for example. However, you must working on a program when you volve screen formatting and printer give Fast Filer enough information recall a magazine article that has output; consult your user's manual to distinguish similar names. If the just the information you need-but for the proper commands to clear database contains articles by Butter finding it is another matter? That is, the screen and so on. field and Buncombe, entering BU you know the article's somewhere in for the author lists all articles by the house-but where? You could Searching The Database both authors, since both names spend hours paging through back Fast Filer is designed for simplicity share those two characters. Enter issues to find what you're looking and convenience. To search the ing BUT would distinguish the two for. Now, with "Fast Filer," you'll database, all you really need to do names and list all Butterfield have a fast and easy way to retrieve is type RUN and follow the articles. such information. prompts. The program first asks For added flexibility, options 5 Enter and save Fast Filer from whether you want to send output to and 6 let you search by more than one of the listings below. Program 1 the screen or the printer. Then the one category at a time. Option 5 works on any Commodore com menu displays several options. You provides an AND function to find puter, including the PET /CBM, can search the database in several articles that share two categories: VIC -20, 64, Plus/4, 16, and the different ways: by magazine title, For instance, to find all COMPUTE! new Commodore 128 (in 64 mode by author, by subject, by publica articles written by Charles or 128 mode). Program 2 is the tion date, or by two categories at Brannon, select option 5 and enter Atari version. Enter Program 3 for once. 1,2 (be sure to separate the num Apple, Program 4 for the IBM For example, say you want to bers with a comma). Then enter the PC/PCjr, or Program 5 for the TI list all articles from COMPUTE!. Sim magazine and author names as 99/4A. ply choose option 1 and enter prompted. If you type in one of the non COMPUTE! when prompted for Option 6 provides an OR func Commodore versions, be sure to add the magazine name. To list all arti tion to find articles in either of two 44 COMPUTE! July 1965 COMPllTEl'4 Beginner's Gdde to Assembly Language on the Tl-99/4A U.rtiepo..ora~~Olas.ef'"O. icr... ~:ticroo"&~ ~ . ~ VOLUME ONE <:r<:lg;JT4«T'~IQ..'"...4111 . Q"""'ot ~~Mri~o::r ~a~ : r.c. , .... ~~ ...... c-.- 30 TV,?/ .U. gaTOI Q':dco.~.& Lt•1,.. or-::• 11cwo:1-rr<-i1 r•~., Dottore ~"' ~ ccnot• lt'llJ DOil "'~ ' ~ctior.s ~')()911 ,i9 ()CJ'f~dctQDCMITO"~IO>Otl"'ll ::oH:r• oO'~ ere ~· mc:we i:irGYiOD.cn...!fno>IOlkfl'Yn. I I •cowur• .....-. ~~'°" ••:o: I I" I l ' 'I I I I ' 1 COM'JlfTEJ's1Gulde to CC>MPUlEl's Tl Collec eot.fPUTEl's Begin- l 33 Programs for the !11ifft14i4 Sou~ and 'ttor,, Volume One ne~s Gulde to I ' Tl-99/.tA i Add excitement to your home computing with these fantastic new releases for your Apple II-series and Macintosh computers. These books are hot off the presses and full of valuable programming techniques and computing advice. The Apple lie: Your First Computer Paul Freiberger and Dan McNelll ISBN 0-87455-001-7 Written In a lively and entertaining style. this book teaches everything a beginner needs to know to get started quickly with the Apple lie. The reader will be taught how to set up the system, Introduced to all the most popular types of software, given a simple overview of the hard ware, and learn everything necessary to use the lie to communicate with other computers. $9.95 SpeedScript: The Word Processor for Apple Personal Computers Chartes Brannon and Kevin Martin ISBN 0-87455-000-9 SpeedScrtpt, the most popular program ever published by COMPUTE! Publications. Is a commercial-quality word processor for the Apple II. lie. lie. and II+ computers with at least 48K of memory and DOS 3.3. Included are all the programs and documentation necessary to use Apple SpeedScrfpt. In addition, we've Included source code and documentation about SpeedScrfpt that have never been published before. For the price of the book. the user receives a commercial-quality word processor-perhaps one of the best software bargains ever. There is a disk avallable which In cludes programs In the book. $9.95 Apple Machine Language for Beginners Richard Mansfield ISBN 0-87455-002-5 COMPUTE! Publications' all-time best-seller. now completely revised for the Apple family of computers. The book Is a clear. detailed tutorial with many step-by-step examples. Its practical charts and easy-to follow techniques quickly show anyone familiar with programming In BASIC how to tap the hidden potential of the Apple, how to program directly In the machine's own language. It also Includes LADS. one of the most efficient and powerful machine language assemblers cur rently avallable. For Apple II. II+, lie. and lie. There Is a disk avail able which Includes programs In the book. $14.95 Look for best-selling titles from COMPUTE! Books at your local computer and book stores, or order directly from COMPUTE! Publications. 22Me!tY!tEublications,lnc.9 To order, call toll free 800-334-0868 or mail your payment (including $2.00 shipping charges) to COMPUTE! Books, P.O. Box 5058, Greensboro. NC 27403. 320 GOSUB470:IFF=0THEN310 Cl50 LABELS<85,112l="Date < 6E400 PRINT :Qz'1J:F~0:RESTOR :rem 239 ie., 1/14/85 or 1/85): E 330 GOT0420 :rem 101 PH 41'1J GOSUB 490: IF F=1 THEN 340 CLOSEDE:END : rem 167 El 60 GRAPHICS 0:POKE 752,1 450 350 PRINT"{CLR)TYPE "LABEL$(C) 16 70 PRINT "CCLEAR}":POSITI LH42'1J IF AS< COMPUTE! Classified is a low-cost way to tell over 350,000 COPPS SIMULPTOD-Joystxck controlled microcomputer owners about your product or service. bettxng, dxce bnd lbyoyt dxbnlby; nbss, come dontls, odds, hbrdwbys, etc. Ptbrx 800 dxsk . Rates: $25 per line, minimum of four lines. Any or all of the first line set in capital letters $16.00. Symsolt Entemrxses, Pox 634, Clxlton, at no charge. Add $15 per line for boldface words, or $50 for the entire ad set in NJ 07012. boldface (any number of lines). FDEE EDUCPTIONPL SOFTWPDE CPTPLOG Terms: Prepayment is required. Check, money order, American Express, Visa, or Pet, Commodore 64, Pnnle 11 +, TDS-80-lhlbnd MasterCard are accepted. Soltwdxe, PO Pox 300, Dent. G, Lbke Grgke, AY I 1755. (566)255 -3755 . Form: Ads are subject to publisher's approval and must be either typed or legibly printed. One line equals 40 letters and spaces between words. Please underline words PTIENTION PPPLE, QPM, Cohhilmore, Ptbrx, to be set in boldface. Tl 99/4P yser.;, Extensxve selectxon ol soltwbre. Send $1.00 lor cbtblog, snecxly model. Celjxm General Information: Advertisers using post office box numbers in their ads must supply Entemrxses, 3687 Mexxco. Westervxlle, Ohxo, permanent address and telephone numbers. Orders will not be acknowledged. 43081. (614) 890-7725 biter 4:30. Ad will appear in next available issue after receipt. Wrxte lor FDEE 120 nbge cbtblog, DYNPCOMP, Closing: 10th of the third month preceding cover date (e.g., June issue closes March P.O. Pox 18129. rochester, NY 14618. Stbte 10th). Send order and remittance to: Harry Blair, Classified Manager, COMPUTE!, Comnyter. P.O. Box 5406, Greensboro, NC 27403. To place an ad by phone, call Harry Blair at IPM-PC OD COMPPTIPLE: Conversxnr (919) 275-9809. Pmerxcbn ynxts ol mebsyrement• '" Notice: COMPUTE! Publications cannot be responsible for offers or claims of advertisers, PDEP MPSS VOLUME TF' •• TO/FDOM Metrxc ·- but will attempt to screen out misleading or questionable copy. TIPs bt lxnvr·· bdbn > SOFTWPDE COPPS SIMULPTOD-Soystxck centpklled bettxng, dxce bnd lbyoyt dxbnlby; nb•• I FDEE EDUCPTIONPL SOFTW PDE CPTPLOG dynt's, odds, hbrdwbys, etc. Ptf. Fdp, Conjkdoy 64, Pnnle 110, TDS-80-lslbnd $16.00. Symsolt Enteml""· Soltwbre, PO Pox 300, Dent. G, Lbke Grove, NY 07012. 11755. (516)585-3788. PTIENTION POPLE, IPM , Cofhodpve, Ptbrx, . , 0 Tl 99/4P ysers, Extensxve selectxon ol soltwl- Send $1.00 for cbtblog, snecxly model r Gntemrxses, 3687 Mexxco. w.,.• 43081. (604) 880-7725 1-1• ti toO(j, Wrxte lor ff'~ P.O" ~~IV'- ~ 91Jf . ~..xonbl COPPS SIMULPTOD- Loistxck cwonkroled bettxng, dxce bnd lbyoyt dxbnlby; nbss, come donts, odds, hbrdwbys, etc. Ptbrx 800 dxsk. $16.00. Symsolt Entemrxses, Pox 634, Oxlton, /~ NJ 07012. - ~l'T IONPL SOFTWPDE CPTPLOG .. LJonmmfyre 64, Pnnle II + , TDS-80-lslbnd Soltwbre, PO Pox 300, Dent. G, Lbke Korove, FDSE EDUCPTIONPL BKFTWPDE CPTPLOR DY 11733. (5 12)589-3755 . Wryt, Cqghmodsre 64, Pnnle n+, TDS-80 - ~. Ptbrx, Jslbnd Soltwbre, PO Pox 300, Dent. G, Lbce _,. 50 COMPUTE! July 1985 340 GOTO 790 350 C=3 360 GOTO 790 370 C=4 380 GOTO 790 390 HS="OR" HOWTOAVOID 400 IF K<>5 THEN 420 410 H•="AND" 420 PRINT GS;"tl ";HS;" ti (1-4l:" 430 PRINT GS; BECOMING A 440 INPUT N1,N2 450 IF < of exploding dynamite and the mechani Spelunker cal rasp of unoiled machinery, mimic Steve Hudson real life with unusual acuity. Others, particularly the shrieks of bats or the whispered roar of your Phantom Blaster, Requiremen ts: Com modore 64 with a disk could come only from some deep, dark drive; Atari 400/800, XL, or XE computer cave. with at least 48K RAM and a disk drive. Spelunker will undoubtedly chal Joystick required. lenge you r reflexes. But like LodeR1mner, an earlier (and now classic) Br0derbund Glowing rocks . . . buzzing bats . . . release, Spelunker exercises mind as well crevasses and drop-offs and ghosts. Do as muscle. You 'll have to think things computers belong inside caves? Most Exploring a dangerous cavern in Spelunker. over to make it through the caverns. experts say no. Trust your intuition, and plan on plan But do caves belong inside comput ning ahead. ers? After you've played Sp elunker, a visual delight. Its walls glow eerily, And get a comfortable chair. You 'll recent release from Br0derbund, you'll making the dim passageways seem that be enjoying this one for a long, long answer that one with a resounding much spookier. Animation is smooth, time. "Yes! " and scrolling is faultless. The result is a Spelunker In Spelunker, you're the last-liter video presentation that unquestionably Brnderbund Software Inc. ally-in a long line of intrepid adventur enhances the atmosphere of the game. 17 Paul Drive ers. Your passion? Spelunking, the Plaudits go to the game's sound San Rafael, CA 94903 exploration of caves. Your task? To work effects, too. Some, like the hollow roar $29.95 your way through the myriad passages of a dangerous and uncharted cavern. Your goal? The Hidden Pyramid, which any good adventurer will tell you is the the lowest level. The maze consists of 18 most priceless treasure of them all. Run For It levels of four rooms each. The levels are The Hidden Pyramid, you've been Karen McCullough grouped together in threes so you can told, is stashed in the deepest and most move freely through 12 rooms at a time. remote comer of that cavern. Finding it Although you don't have to go through is simple enough: just struggle through Requirements: Apple II-series compu ter all the rooms to get from one level to the hundreds of smoothly scrolling pas with at least 48K RAM and a disk drive; or next, all are worth investigating-some sages, and through six increasingly chal an Atari 400/800, XL, or XE co mputer contain surprises (both pleasant and un lenging levels, to the treasure chamber with at least 48K RAM and a disk driv e. pleasant). You leave each group of levels (which is goodness knows how far Joystick optional but recommended. through special exits marked UP, and underground). once you've left a group you cannot But getting there isn't going to be Arcade games must strike a delicate bal return. easy. You've got to contend with the As Orbit moves, he bums up energy basic cave-type creatures, of course ance between being easy enough for beginners to learn quickly and suffi which must be replaced by gathering bats and ghosts and things like that. energy canisters. The maze also conceals You 'll also find some interesting geolo ciently challenging to keep old hands coming back for more. Run For It, from anti-robot devices of varying mobility, gy, including pools of shimmering lava activity, and hostility. On the lower lev and steam vents that'll cook you like a Weekly Reader Family Software, walks els, they generally move in a set pattern, lobster. Then there are crevasses and that thin line nicely. This is a game that children will fall in love with immedi guarding a passage or an energy canis sheer drops and vents breathing volca ter, but on the upper levels some will nic fire. Nice, huh? ately and play interminably. In Run For It, you guide a bouncy home in on Orbit and chase him. Others A Visual Delight little robot named Orbit through a 72 wait in ambush, ready to zap Orbit as Fortunately, you have help. Earlier spe room maze, trying to gather energy can soon as he pokes his nose through an lunkers (rest their souls) left caches of isters to recharge him while dodging or exit. Collision with an enemy does not flares and dynamite throughout the cav shooting various enemies known as end play, but it costs a considerable ern that are yours for the taking. You 'll energy-draining anti-robot devices. You quantity of energy. The game ends find extra batteries for your light, too, as accumulate points by eliminating ene when Orbit exits through the top of the well as occasional concentrations of mies and advancing through successive maze at room R4 or runs out of energy. magic cave dust. Magic cave dust? Mer levels. To win you have to get Orbit (Guess which usually comes first!) cifully, there isn't an alien for miles. through the final exit at the top of the Graphically, Spelunker is exception maze. A Winsome Little Robot ally well done. In fact, the cavern is a Play begins in room 1 on level A, Orbit can move in any direction on the 52 COMPUTE! July 1985 SUPER PRINTER PACKAGES Atari 130 XE ... Call for Latest Volksmodem 300 ...... 59 SG -10 & Data Sha re PPI ...... 279 Volks modem 1200 .... 189 Panasonic 1091 & Data Share PPI ...... 329 Atari 1050 Disk Drive ... Price Hayes 1200 .. •...... 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Orders Word Atta ck· D ...... 34 .95 MISCELLANEOUS Breakth rou gh IN FO COM Speed Reader II . .. . . 49.95 Ardennes· D ...... 41.95 Wisbringer-0 ...... 27.95 Slunl Ayer-D ...... Call ATARI Sargon lfl-D ...... 34.95 Righi Simula1or 11·0 . 34 .95 Field of Fire-D ...... 27.95 lmpenal Galactian -D • 27 .95 414-351-2007 SSI Super Zaxxon- D .. ... 23.95 S.A.M.- 0 ...... 41 .95 Carrier Force-D . . . 41 .95 Oecision!Oesert-0 .. . 27.95 Megafont·D ...... 19.95 Comp Ouarterback·D 27.95 Please spec1ty system. ORDERING INFORMATION: Ouestron-D .. .. . 27.95 Kennedy Approach-D 23 .95 Monkey Wrench II-Cart 29 .95 Oper Market Garden·D 34 .95 For fasI delivery send cashier's check . money order or duect bank Broadsides -a ...... 27 .95 Crusade/Europe-a . .. 27. 95 Beachhead -DIT ...... 23 .95 Kampfgrupee-D ... 41.95 lransfers. Personal and company checks allow 2 weeks ID clear. Comp. Ouarterback-0 27 .95 Halley Project-D . .... 29.95 Spy vs . Spy-0 ...... 23 .95 Charges for COO are S3.00. School Purchase Orders welcome. In SYNAPSE Compuler Ambush- 0 41.95 Transylvannla-D . .. . . 23.95 MPP Mod ern Dnver-D 19.95 CONTINENTAL USA. inclu de S3.00 shipping per sottware order. Synflie·D ...... 34.95 Kam pfgruppe-D . . ... 41.95 Bou nty Bob-Cart .. . . 34 .95 Net Worth·D ...... 49.95 Include 4% shipping on all Hardware orders. minimum $4.00. Syncaic·D ...... 34 .95 Oper. Market Garden- 0 34 .95 Blue Max 2001·0 .. .. 23.95 Omnitren d Universe- a 69 .95 Mas1erca rd &Visa please in clude card # and expira lion dale. WI Syntrend·D ...... 34. 95 residen ts please add 5% sales lax. HI . AK . FPO . APO . Canadian Gemslone Warrior- D 23.95 Fleel Syslem ll·D .... 49.95 Adven lure Writer-D 27 .95 Synchron·D ...... 27.95 orders - add 5% sh ipping, minimum SS .OD . 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Prices and Nel Worth-0 ...... 49.95 Ultima IV· D . . . . . 41 .95 availability are sub jecl lo change without notice . helpful for left-handers who have diffi tum off the sound by pressing CTRL-Q. culty with the standard 1-J-K-M dia There are only two minor weak mond arrangement. nesses worthy of note. Although we A four-page pamphlet explains the didn't find the game sounds disturbing, game's functions and features in ade the same is not true of the title screen, quate detail. The package also contains displayed when the disk is first booted one copy-protected game disk, a 50 X and whenever a game ends. This screen 15 inch glossy color poster-map of all is accompanied by music which deterio the rooms in the maze (an essential rates rapidly from obnoxious to intoler aid-you'll want to post it near the com able. Another mildly irritating feature is puter and refer to it often), and a page of the way the game treats high scores. It Orbit stickers. claims to save the five highest scores, R1111 For It has pleasant animation, but the last person playing always gets Orbit the robot makes his way through the attractive three-dimensional graphics, maze in Run For It (Apple version). fifth place, so only four high scores are exciting action, and interesting strategic actually retained. challenges. Orbit is a winsome little ro However, the strong points of Run screen. He can walk along platforms, bot, gratifyingly prompt in responding For It well outweigh the weaknesses, squeeze below them, or jump from one to directions. The game moves along and the number of hours we've spent to another. Controlling this movement quickly and smoothly, with surprisingly playing the game testifies to its ability to takes some practice to master, particu brief pauses for the screen display to provide continuing enjoyment. larly when using the keyboard. A joy change as Orbit moves from one room to Run For It stick is highly recommended. However, another. In addition to the colorful room Weekly Reader Family Software if keyboard control is necessary, the pro display, the screen shows the current 245 Long Hill Road gram offers several options. Two differ score, energy level, and room label. A Middletown, CT 06457 ent keys are available for moving in each couple of other nice features include the $39.95 direction, and they can be used in any ability to freeze the game at any point by combination. This should be particularly pressing the ESC key, and the option to much more expensive. An example is underlining, or expanded type. When HomePak the degree to which each program can you've selected an option, the menu be customized by creating a disk file that disappears and your text is restored. A Sheldon Leemon saves the settings for screen and text symbol on the screen shows where the colors, margins, key click off or on, and command you selected has been Requirements: Atari 400/800, XL, or XE so forth . inserted. with at least 4BK and a disk driv e; or a At the same time, the programs are The block commands work much Commodore 64 with a disk drive . Printer designed to be significantly easier for the same way. When you press a func and modem recommended. Available soon beginners to use than most other soft tion key, a menu appears and asks for IBM PC, Enhanced Model PCjr, and ware. The programs even work alike, so whether you want to move, delete, or Macintosh . using any one of them is similar to using copy text. After making your choice, the others. you're prompted to move the cursor and press RETURN at the beginning and end It is usually enough that a piece of soft The biggest drawback in trying to ware has multiple integrated functions, achieve so much at once is that it re of the block. By providing these menus or takes a new and innovative approach, quires a lot of memory. This leaves less and plain-English prompts, HomeText or that it is very inexpensive, full free RAM for the various applications makes it much easier for the person who featured, or particularly easy to use. than do comparable stand-alone is not familiar with word processing to use powerful features such as block HomePak is extraordinary in that it has programs. all of these qualities. It is much to the moves and printer format commands. Yet, the program is structured so that, in credit of programmer Russ Wetmore Home Text that the package succeeds so well in most cases, advanced users can issue a striking a balance between its seemingly The HomeText program has most of the command via a combination of key contradictory design objectives. standard word processor features-full strokes, bypassing the menus. cursor control, block editing, printer Another innovative feature of Hom ePak is a collection of three controls, and file maintenance com HomeText is the way it word-wraps. Like programs representing the types of soft mands. The commands for printing, most word processors, HomeText auto ware found most commonly around the moving text, and maintaining disk files matically moves words which start near home. It contains HomeText, a word pro each have their own menus available at the end of the 40-column screen line cessor; HomeFind, a filer; and Home the touch of a function key. down to the next line, rather than split Term , a terminal communications For example, when you want to ting the word between two screen lines. program. None of the programs is copy insert a printer command, you move the Word-wrapping makes the text easier to protected, and the entire package sells cursor to the appropriate place in text read, but also increases the chance of for $49.95 (the forthcoming Macintosh and press a function key which calls up unwanted spaces between words-on version will be $69.95). the printer format window. This win the screen, you can't distinguish the Don't be misled by the low price. dow appears in the middle of the screen, spaces used to pad out a Line from the These programs are by no means toy temporarily overlaying part of the text. "real" spaces. HomeText solves this versions of similar stand-alone software. lt displays a menu that lets you choose problem by placing a little dot at the end They are fully functional and even con such formatting functions as setting of each screen line, letting you see exact tain many extra convenience features margins, line spacing, and indenting, ly where the last space character is usually found only in software that is plus printer features such as boldfacing, located. 54 COMPUTE! July 1985 HomeF/nd it to the remote computer (uploading). HomePak Variations The second program in the package, For these transfers, Hom eTerm supports Although the descriptions above gener HomeFind, is a truly unique electronic the XMODEM protocol, a popular error ally apply to all versions of HomePak, filer. The most common type of infor checking telecommunications scheme there are some slight differences, largely mation storage program for home com (see "Telecomputing Today," COMPUTE!, due to memory limitations. The Atari puters is called a database manager. But May and June 1985). ve rsions of HomeText and HomeTernz the concept of a database manager is To help you manage your telecom have very small text buffers (only about quite foreign to most people. To file puting costs, HomeTerm has a timer that 7K, or about three double-spaced print information with a database manager, keeps track of how much time you ed pages); the Commodore 64 versions you first must set up a template of what spend online. have somewhat larger buffers; and the each "record" looks like, complete with One of the more unusual features of PC and PCjr have good-sized buffers. a name and description for each entry However, bel:ause HomeText lets HomeTerm is its ability to open an edit "field." Then you have to fill in the you chain text files and HomeTerm lets information in each field for each record. window at the bottom of the screen. The text you type in the window is not sent you save incoming information on disk, HomeFind bypasses this rigmarole to the modem until you press RETURN, the small buffers mainly limit the entirely. A two-window interactive sys and then it is sent all at once. This is convenience of these programs, not tem lets you type commands and ques extremely useful for computer confer their overall usefulness. Still, the more tions in the bottom window while the ences, because otherwise your outgoing memory, disk storage, and function keys computer types its answers in the top text tends to get mixed up on the screen a computer has, the better HomePak window. For each entry, you type in wit h incoming text from other works. (Incidentally, if you own more three items: a subject, a description of participants. than one kind of computer, you should the information about that subject that note that the Atari and Commodore ver you want to store, and the information Another advanced feature that sions are packaged together, as are the itself. For example, if you want to make Hom eTerm offers is keyboard macros. PC and PCjr versions.) a note of Lenore's birthdate, you simply You can define ten or more phrases of Though the price/performance ra type, "Lenore's birthday is May 16, up to 70 characters each that can be sent tio of home computers has been con 1949." Later, when you want to look it with a single keystroke. There's even a stantly improving at a dizzying pace, the up, you just type, "What's Lenore's little "macro language" that lets you same has not been true for home com birthday?" The computer replies, " Len insert pauses in the middle of a phrase. puter software. By making software of ore's birthday is May 16, 1949." You can One use for these macros is to create log this cal iber available at such a low price, also type "What's birthday?" to get a list on sequences that automatically dial a Ba tteries Included is taking the first step of all your birthday entries, or "Who's phone number and type your user ID toward closing that gap, thereby bring Lenore?" to get a printout of all entries and password. ing the computer into more homes as a about Lenore. Commodore owners should note, really useful tool. The program has a simple way of however, that the first version of Home HomePak handling error-checking: When you Term cannot dial the Commodore 1650 Batteries Included feed it some unfamiliar bit of infor modem. Subsequent versions dial most 186 Quee n Street We st mation, it reports "That's news to me." Commodore modems and provide for Toron to, Ontario You can then either verify that you want Punter protocol transfers as well, so M5V 1Z1 Canada to make a new entry or tell the computer check the software before you buy it. 17875 Sky Park North to disregard your last entry-in the lat Owners of the original Commodore ver Suit e P ter case, the computer responds, "Never sion can return their program disk to the Irvin e, CA 92714 mind." manufacturer for a free update to the $69.95 Ma cintosh version Admittedly, HomeFind does lack new version. $49.95 other versions the more sophisticated features found in most database managers, such as the ability to sort entries alphabetically, per form mathematical operations, and print carefully formatted reports. The only kind of hardcopy it generates is a simple release of Gemstone Warrior, SS! makes a list. But you have to balance the impor Gemstone Warrior triumphant entry into the arcade market. tance of such features against the extra James V. Trunzo study required to learn them. HomeFind Although Gemstone Warrior is billed presents a usable and sensible alterna as a strategic arcade/adventure (and tive for small record -keeping tasks, such Requiremen ts: Commodore 64 with a disk certainly some strategy comes into play, as setting up an appointment ca lendar, a drive; Apple II-series computer with at as it does with all games), it is primarily phone directory, and so on. It's the only least 48K and a disk drive. Joystick option an arcade game with an adventure mo database system I would classify as fun al but recommended. tif-and a very challenging one at that. to use. The Gemstone, a source of unbe Strategic Simulations Inc. , better known lievable magical power, has been stolen HomeTerm simply as SSI, has built its formidable by demons, plunging Earth into desper The versatile Hom eTerm telecommuni reputation in the software industry pri ation and despair. Only a true hero can cations program rounds out the Home marily on the excellence of its highly save mankind by regaining the Gem Pak trio. Used with a modem, it allows detailed, historically based computer stone, now fragmented into five pieces you to link up with distant computers war games. Even when SS! occasionally scattered around the underworld do over ordinary telephone lines, store in departs from this bread-and -butter main of the demons. Reassembling the coming text in a memory buffer, then genre-as it has with some fantasy, sci Gemstone is your task as a Gemstone save the buffer on disk or print it out ence-fiction, and sports games-the Warrior. Using both the keyboard and (downloading). You can also load a disk company has stuck with a realistic simu joystick to maneuver your crossbow file into the memory buffer and transmit lation/role-playing approach. With the armed warrior about the screen, you July 1985 COMPUTE! 55 must travel through 90 underground use of your magical treasures. Also es hours to play-provided you've become caverns, fighting a variety of monsters sential to becoming competitive (forget proficient enough to survive the first five along the way. You also collect what about winning early on) is learning to minutes! ever treasures you can find on your van recognize and understand the powers of SSJ's first true entry into the arcade quished foes or in chests and coffins. each different magical device and op game field is an impressive one. We look posing monster. How and when to use forward to more. Learning To Use Magic the magic at your disposal is where the Gemstone Warrior While the concept is certainly simple strategy comes into play. Strategic Simulations Inc. enough, almost ordinary, the play itself Gemstone Warrior has excellent 883 Stier/in Road is anything but simple. The skill needed graphics for a game of this type and Building A-200 to outmaneuver and outfight the mon some other niceties. You can select from Mountain View, CA 94043 sters guarding the Gemstones will chal several levels of difficulty, pause a game $34.95 © lenge even the best joystick jocki es, and during play, and save a game in pro you must respond quickly wi th the key gress. The last feature is particularly use board that controls movement and the ful because one game can take up to two ----CAPUTE!--- Modifications or Corrections To Previous Articles IBM Disk Rx unlock all files instead of locking IBM Proofreader Even though this disk file recovery them. Don't save the "File Protec Enhancement program from the May issue (p. 90) tor" program with these changes Reader Robert Trotte suggests add provides a 48K storage area, it can unless you are willing to give up the ing a CLIST command combining not be used as published on files lock all files option, in which case the features of the existing CHECK longer than 32K. The reason for this you should change LOCK to UN and LUST commands to the IBM is because the variables in the loops LOCK in line 1100 to reflect the new version of the "Automatic Proof for reading characters from disk are function of that option: reader." This allows you to print out integer variables, which are limited 150 IF (A AND 64)=0 THEN 170 a listing with checksums for com to a maximum value of 32,767. 160 PRINTtl5,"B-P";2:P+32'*I:PR parison with the published listing. However, the changes below will INT t 2,CHR$(A AND 135); Add the following line to the allow you to use all the available Proofreader: workspace: TurboDlsk For Commodore 64 415 IF COf11'1ANDS="CLISTu THEN OPEN " lptl1" FOR OUTPUT A DN 520 SCTR=NONDATA: STP ! =3 56 COMPUTEI July 1985 Commodore Recruncher Jerry Smith This short machine language utility you have to convert the programs OPEN 1,8,8,''filename,S,W":CMD for the Commodore 64 or VIC-20 con manually. l:LIST verts BASIC programs from ASCII to As you'll see in a moment, it's For tape: tokenized form. It can also merge two easy to "uncrunch" a tokenized OPEN 1,1,1,''filename":CMD l:LIST BASIC programs. · BASIC program (convert the tokens into ASCII characters which the mo Substitute for filename the dem can transmit). However, the name under which you want the Have you ever tried to send or re computer won't be able to run the program stored. When you press ceive BASIC programs over a mo program until you "recrunch" it RETURN, the program is written to dem with a Commodore computer? change the spelled-out keywords disk or tape and the drive motor It's not as easy as you might think. back into tokens again. stops (although the red busy light The difficulty stems from the way The solution is "Commodore on the disk drive remains on). You'll BASIC programs are stored. When Recruncher." It converts ASCII list also see the READY prompt on the you type in a BASIC line, keywords ings of BASIC programs into token screen. But the operation isn't fin like PRINT, GOTO, and so on aren't ized form and works with either ished. At this point, it is very .ifnpor spelled out in memory with individ tape or disk. Although it was written tant to properly close the file. Do ual characters, such as P-R-I-N-T. primarily to recrunch listings re this by entering the following line in Instead, each. keyword is converted ceived over a modem, you can also direct mode: into a one-byte value called a token. use it to merge two programs into PRINT#l:CLOSE 1 A tokenized program is said to be one. If you fail to do this, the last few "crunched" because it takes consid Commodore 64 users should lines of your program are not writ erably less space than it would in enter and save Program 1. Program ten to tape or disk, and, for tape, the nontokenized form. This conserves 2 is the VIC-20 version. When you end-of-program marker is not memory and makes BASIC run run Commodore Recruncher, it added. Improperly closed disk files faster. automatically relocates a small ma can be a real problem. If they are not BASIC tokens always have chine language program at the top removed from the disk, they can character code values greater than of memory and places the starting cause the disk directory to become 127 (character codes are numbers address of the program in the com garbled so that other programs are assigned to characters according to puter's user vector. This allows you lost. (Unclosed files are so danger the ASCII convention-American to activate the Recruncher with a ous that they are sometimes referred Standard Code for Information In simple USR function call no matter to as "poison files.") Unclosed files terchange). Since much telecommu where the machine language is show up on the disk directory with nications software is designed to located. an asterisk ("') beside the file type. If handle ASCII characters with values you ever see an asterisk in a direc of only 127 or less, they may not Creating ASCII Flies tory entry, get rid of the file at once. transmit tokenized BASIC programs Before using the Recruncher, you'll But don't use the normal SCRATCH correctly. Many computers have need something to recrunch. It's (SO:) command to remove the file; commands to convert programs easy to convert a tokenized BASIC instead use the VALIDATE com back and forth between ASCII and program into ASCII form. Load a mand (OPEN 15,8,15,"VO:":CLOSE tokenized formats, but the Commo program and enter the following 15). dore 64 and VIC-20 do not. There line in direct mode (with no line Disk users should note the suf fore, to exchange Commodore number): fix ,S,W following the filename in BASIC programs with a modem, For disk: the above command. This stores the July 1985 COMPUTE! 57 COMMODORE 64 C128 COMMODORE $COMPUTER * with $19.95 Software Purchase (Coming Soon - Order Now) CALL PRICES 0 BEFORE MAY $299° * YOU BE • 170K Disk Drive $149.00 * ORDER LOWER •Computer Learning Pad $37.95 •Tractor Friction Printer $159.00 •Voice Syntheslz:er $49.00 • 13" HI-Res Color Monitor $179.00 * • 12" Green or Amber Monitor $79.95 • 12" Daisy Wheel Printer $199.00 • COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER 5139.00 We pack a SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT • C128 COMMODORE COMPUTER $299.00 You poy only Sl39 .00 (with the Sl9.95 software COUPON with every COMMODORE 64 We expect o limited supply the 1st week in July. We purchase. see below) when you order the powerful COMPUTER, DISK DRIVE, PRINTER, ar will ship on a first order basis. This all-new 84K COMMODORE 64 COMPUTER! LESS the value of MONITOR we sell! This caupon allows you revolutionary l 28K computer uses all Commodore 64 the SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we pock to SAVE OVER $500 OFF SALE PRICES!! software and accessories plu~ all CPM programs with your computer that allows you to SAVE OVER formatted for the disk drive. SSOO off software sole prices !! With only SIOO of (Examples) Lisi S349 .00. SALE $299.00. savings applied. your net computer cost is S39 .00 ! ! PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE SUPER AUTO DIAL MODEM SS9.00 • 170K DISK DRIVE 5149.00 COMMODORE 64 Easy to vse. Just plug into your Commodore 64 You pay only Sl49.00 (with the Sl9.95 software computer and you're ready to transmit and receive purchose. se e below) when you order the 170K Disk List Sale messages. Ea sier lo use than dialing your telephone. Dr ive! LESS the vo lue of the SPECIAL SOFTWARE Paperback Wriler 64 S99 .00 $39 .00 just push one key on your com puter ! Includes DISCOUNT COUPON we poc k with your disk drive that Paperback Doto Bose S69 .00 S3• .95 exclusive easy to use program for up and down allows you lo SAVE OVER $500 off software sale Paperback Dictionary S24 .95 s14 .95 loading to printer and disk drives. Be1r In U.S.A . Practic olc II S6 9.95 $49 .95 prices !! With only $100 of savings applied. your net list 5129.00 SALE S59.00 . disk drive cost is 549 .00. Prin1 Shop (Disk) S44 .95 S32 .95 Procticolc S59 .95 52• .95 Programmers Reference S20 .95 $16 .95 COMPUTER LEARNING PAD $37.95 • 13" HI -RES COLOR MONITOR 5179.00 Guide Makes other graphics tablets obsolete . This TECH You pay only Sl79 .00 (with the $19.95 softwore Programmers Helper S59 .95 S29 .95 (Disk ) SKETCH LEARNING PAD allows you to draw on your purchose. see below) whenJou order this 13.. CO LOR 80 Column Screen (Disk) SS9 .9S S29.95 T. V. or Monitor and then you con print whatever you MONITOR with sh arper on cleorer resolution than Disk f iler (by flip·N· file) S3 9. 95 S14 .95 draw on the screen on your printers. FANTASTIC! 1! any other color monitors we hove tested! LESS value Deluxe Tope Cossette S89 .00 $4'1 .95 Lisi $79 .9S SALE $37.95 . of the SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we Pro Joy Slick S19 .95 S12 .95 pack w ith your monitor that allows you to save over ligh1 Pen S39 .95 si..95 SSOO off software sole prices !! With only SIOO of Ou st Cover S 8 .95 S 6 .95 VOICE SYNTHESIZER $49.00 savings applied, your net color monitor cost is only Simons Basic $29 .95 $77 .95 For Commodore-64 computers . Just plug it in and you Pi1,top II Epyx $39 .95 S24 . 95 can program words and sentences. adjust volume and S79 .00. ( 16 Colors). Super Graphic" Expander $29 .95 s:n 95 Mu5ic Cole 1 $59.95 $79.95 pitch. make talking adventure gomes. sound act ion 80 COLUMN 80 CPS Filew riter $59.95 S29.95 $2-4 .95 games and customized talkies!! FOR ONLY $19 .95 you TRACTION / FRICTION PRINTER 5159.00 can add TEXT TO SPEECH . just type o word and hear (See over 100 coupon items in our cotolog) your computer talk - ADO SOUND TO .. ZORK... SCOTT You pay only $159 .00 when you order the Comstor T ADAMS ANO OTH ER ADVENTURE GAMES! ! 1 Write or call for deluxe line printer that prints 8 1x11 full size. single (Disk or lope.) sheet , roll or Ion fold paper, labels. etc. Impact dot Sample SPECIAL SOFTWARE COUPON! matrix. bidirectional. LESS the va lu e of the SPECIAL SOFTWARE DISCOUNT COUPON we pock with your 12" GREEN OR AMBER MONITOR $79,95 printer that allows you to SAVE OVER SSOO off Your choice of green or amber screen monitor, top software sole prices'! With only 5100 of savings quality. 80 columns x 24 lines. easy to read . anti· app lied yo ur ne t printer cost is only 559.00. glare! PLUS $9 .95 for connecting cable. Com ·64 or VIC-20. 80 COLUMN BOARD $79.00 ATTENTION Now you program 80 COLUMNS on the screen at one PRINTER/ TYPEWRITER COMBINATION $249.00 time ! Converts your Commodore 64 lo 80 COLUMNS .. JUKI.. Superb letter quality. daisy wheel when you plug in the 80 COLUMN EXPANSION Computer Clubs printer/ typewriter combination. Two machines in one BOARD !' PLUS 4 slot expander and word processor ! - just a flick of the switch. 1r extra large carriage. We Offer Big Volume Discounts typewriter keyboard, automatic margin control and ao COLUMNS IN COLOR relocate key. drop in cassette ribbon! (90 day PAPERBACK WRITER 64 WORD PROCESSOR S3UO CALL TODAY! warranty) centronics parallel or RS232 serial port built This PAPERBACK WRITER 64 WORD PROCESSOR is the in (Spec ify). List $349 .00 . SALE S249.00 . (ltd. Oty.) finest available for the COMMODORE 64 computer! The ULTIMATE FOR PROFESSIONAL Word Processing. *The $19.95 Software Purchase Options CARDCO G + INTERFACE SS9.00 DISPLAYS 40 or 80 COLUMNS IN COLOR or black and LISl SAU Fo r Commodore 64 and Vic 20 computers. lets you use white ! Simple to operate. powerful text editing . 1. 2-4 Program Bonus Pock (lope or di!.k ) $29 .95 11'.U other printers with Centronics interfaces . This com plete cursor and insert/ delete key controls line 2. O il Borrons·Strotegy Boord Gome S•9.95 11'.U interface lets the printer ac t like o Commodore printer and paragraph insertion. automatic deletion, 3. Disk Drive Cleaner $29.95 11'.U includ ing printing the Commodore graphics (Dot centering. margin settings and output to oll printers! 4. HES Gom es (disk) $29 .95 11'.ts matrix with graphic capability printers) . list $99.00 SALE $39.00 Coupon $29.95 5. Pogo Joe (lope or di•k) $29.95 11'.ts list $1 09 .00 SALE S59.00 . •LOWEST PRICES• 15 DAY FREE TRIAL PHONE ORDERS • 90 DAY FREE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY 8 a . m . - 8 p .m . Weekdays • BEST SERVICE IN U.S.A.• ONE DAY EXPRESS MAIL 9 a . m . - 12 noon Saturdays • OVER 500 PROGRAMS • FREE CATALOGS Add S10.00 for shipping. handling and insurance. Illinois residents plea se add 6% tax . Add $20 .00 far CANADA. PUERTO RICO, HAWAII, PROTECTO ALASKA, APO-FPO o rders. Canadian orders mvst be i n U.S. doflors. WE DO N OT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA. We Love Our Customers Enclose Cashiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check . Allow 14 22292 N . Pepper Rd .. Barrington, Illinois 60010 days for delivery. 2 ta 7 days for phone orders, 1 day express mail ! VISA - MASTER CARD - C.0.0. Na C.0 .0 . 10 Canada, APO·FPO 312/382-5244 to order FANTASTIC COMPUTER PRINTER SALE!!! Premium Quality 130-150 CPS lOX COM-STAR JUKI® OOlympia High Speed Printer $199 Executive Letter Quality $339.00 10" carriage, 2K buffer, prints 12" DAISY WHEEL 81h "xll" standard single sheet or 15" Dais:v Wheel Printer continuous feed paper, Bi-directional, PRINTER $199.00 This is the wor1d's finest daisy wheel "JUKI" Superb letter quality daisy printer. Fantastic letter quality, up to impact, dot matrix, 130-150 CPS, 9 x 9 wheel printer, 12" extra large dot matrix with double strike 20 CPS bi-directional, will handle 14.4 " carriage, up to 12CPS bi-directional forms width! Has a 256 character print capability for 18 x 18 dot matrix (near printing, drop-in cassette ribbon, (90 letter quality ), high resolution bit buffer, special print enhancements, day warranty) centronics parallel or built in tractor-feed (Centronics image, underlining, downloadable RS232 serial port built in! ( Spedfy). characters, true lower descenders Parallel and RS232C Interface) (90 Limited Quantities. day warranty) . with super and subscripts, prints List $299.00. Sale $199.00. standard, block graphics, and special List $649.00. Sale $339.00 characters. It gives you print quality and features found on printers costing twice as much!! (Centronics Parallel Interface ) (Better than Epson FX80 JUKI® and Gemini lOx) . OOlympia List $499.00. Sale $199.00 . Printer/Typewriter Printer/Typewriter Combination $439.00 Premium Quality 150-170 CPS Com.bination $249.00 Better than IBM Selectric. Superb "JUKI" Superb letter quality, daisy computer printer combined with the 15YzX COM·STAR Business wheel printer /ty pewrit er world's finest electronic typewriter. Super High Speed Printer $319.00 combination. Two machines in one - Two machines in one, just flick the Has all the fealures of the lOX COM· just a flick of the switch. 12" extra switch for up to 20 CPS printing (300 STAR PRINTER plus 151h" carriage large carriage, typewriter keyboard. Words per minute) on a 15" carriage and more powerful electronics automatic margin control and relocate that handles up to 14 1/ 8" in. paper. components to handle large ledger key, drop in cassette ribbon! (90 day Drop in cassette ribbon - express lift business forms! (Better than Epson warranty) centronics .parallel or off correction, Centronics parallel FX 100 & Delta 15). RS232 serial port built in (Specify). interface (90 day warranty). List $599. Sale $3L9.00. List $349 .00. Sale $249 .00 . List $749 .00 . Sale $439 .00 . • 15 Day Free Trial 1 Year lmmed~ate Replacement Warranty ~~~~~~~~~~~~-PARALLELINTERFACES~~~~~~~~~~~~ For VIC-20 and COM-64 $59.00. Apple $59.00. Atari $59.00. Add S14.50 for shipping. handling ond insurance. Illinois residents please odd 6 % tax. Add S29 .00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO , HAWAII, PROTECTO ALASKA . APO-FPO orders. Canadian orders must be in U.S. dollars. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES . EXCEPT CANADA. We Love Our Customers Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 22292 N. Pepper Rd .. Barrington, Illinois 60010 days delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders. 1 day express moil! VISA MASTERCARD C.O .D. No C.0.D. to Canada or APO-FPO 312/382-5244 to order 0 80 CPS PRINTER e Smith Corona • Commodore 64 • Atari • Apple •More • 11" Carriage • Friction/Tractor • Graphics 1 Year Immediate Replacement Warranty Tractor Feecl lncluclecl FREE! fillllllliE SMITl-1 - CORON~ The Fastext 80 dot matrix printer from Smith-Corona . A high speed. high flexibility printer with a low suggested manufacturer's retail price of only $299.00. Sale $159.00. It does your graphics with ease and prints letters with speeds up to 80 CPS . (Does Commodore graphics with graphics interface.) As for flexibility, it has bi-directional printing, friction and trocter feed . Plus six different pitches including condensed and enlarged type for impeccable characters in a variety of sizes. Also standard is a full line buffer and thrifty drop-in ribbon cassettes that yield up to a million characters. Finally, it's compatible with virtually all personal computers. Teamed up with your personal computer, it'll keep track of your transactions, fly through finances, help with homework. even plan the family menu. All this with the assurance of superb Smith-Corona quality built in, makes the Fastext-80 a lot of dot for your dollar. list $299.00. Sale $159.00. SPECIFICATIONS: Chor. Matrix Size: (Standard) 9H x BV , RIBBON (Elongate) JOH x BV Size/ Weight: Height 4" Width 16.5" Depth 9" Type: Cossette Fabric inked ribbon Printing Features: Bi -directional. Short line Weight 8.2 lbs. Life: I million characters seeking Electrical Needs: l 20V/ 60Hz Printing Speed: 80 CPS Internal Chor. Coding: ASCll ~ ISO CHARACTER MODE Print Buffer Size : 132 Bytes (1 line) Characte r Font: 9 x 8 Standard. 10 x 8 Elongated, No. of Chor. in Chor. Set : 96ASCll ~ PAPER No. 8 pin to be used for underline International Type: Plain Character Set: 96 ASCII . 11 x 7 International Chor. Graphics Capability: Standard 60, 72 Dots Per Forms Type: Fanfold, Cut Sheet Pin Graph Mode: The incoming bit pattern Inch Horizontal. 72 Dots Per Inch Vertical Mo x Poper Width: 11 " corresponds to the 8 pins in the print head Pitch: 10. 12, 16.7, 5. 6, 8.3 Feeding Method: Friction Feed Std .; Tractor Resolution: Horizontal: 60, 72 dots/ inch. Vertical : Printing Method: Impact Dot Matrix Feed Included 72 dots/ inch PARALLEL INTERFACES~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Commodore 64 - $39 .00 Apple II, Ile, II+ - $59 .00 Atari - $59 .00 Add $10 .00 for shipping. handling and insurance . Illinois residents please odd 6% ta x. Add $20 .00 tor CANADA, PUERTO RICO , HAWAII, PROTECTO ALASKA , APO-FPO orders. Canadian orders must be in U.S. dollars. WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES , EXCEPT CANADA. We Love Our Custome rs Enclose Cashiers Check, Money Order or Personal Check . Allow 14 22292 N . Pepper Rd ., Barrington, Illinois 60010 days far delivery, 2 to 7 days for phone orders. I day express mail! VISA - MASTER CARD - C.O.D. 312/382-5244 to order No C.O.D. to Canada . APO-FPO . • Commodore 64 • One Megabyte $199 Disk Drive $199 Store Spreadsheets, Databases, Wordprocessing Data, Etc. • Commodore 64 • PET• 8032 • 8128 The one megabyte disk keeps you from hunting through hundreds of disks for your programs; plus running out of room on your drive for Data base Data, Word processing Text, Spreadsheet Data, Business program Data, etc. With the One Megabyte Disk Drive you can store over 5% times the capacity of the 1541. You can store your own programs and any back-upable commercial programs plus data from your business programs*. Perfect as a second Drive! ! ! ! Enter the world of professional computers today. C-64 requires IEEE interface. List $899.00. Sale $199.00. LIMITED QUANTITIES! "Requires 2 drive software. Sale 151/2'' High Speed 150-170 CPS BUSINESS PRINTER The MPP -1361 is a highly advanced 136-250 column 15 '12" professional tractor/ friction printer with full ~it image graphics and downloadable characters for custom reports and program listings. The paper feed includes a multiple pin tractor for smooth error free operation . With the ribbon rated at 1 million characters (no mess cartridge) and the print head at 100 million characters this printer will last a lifetime. Full formatting with near letter quality makes lining up decimal points, automatic "$" signs and tabbing look fantastic and easy to use. With out a doubt THIS IS THE BEST PRINTER VALUE IN THE U.S.A. List $899 .00 Sale $299.00. LIMITED QUANTITIES! SPECIFICATIONS PRINTING METHOD COLUMN CAPACITY RIBBON LIFE GRAPHICS Serial Impact Dot Matrix 136 - 250 l Million Characters Bit Image Programmable Characters PRINT RATE LINE SPACING PAPER WIDTH 1 Reverse Characters 150-170 Characters per Programmable 3" to 15 / 2 " tractor or second (CPS) single sheet friction COPIES PRINT STYLE INTERFACE ERROR HANDLING 3, including original IEEE Protocol Near Letter Quality Internal PRINT DIRECTION RIBBON TYPE CHARACTER SIZE Self - Diagnostics Bi-directional Cartridge ($14.95) 0.116" high, 0 .08" wide Microprocessor Commodore 64 IEEE Interface This interface plugs into your Commodore 64 Disk Drive port and allows you to hook up the l Megabyte Disk Drive and MPP-1361 Printer as well as other IEEE devices. Seporte power supply insures reliability. Fantastic Interface. (includes all cables) List $109.95. If bought with printer or disk drive $69.00. (no interface needed for PET , B· 128, and 8032 computers) Add Sl7.50 for shipping. handling and insuronce. Illinois residents pleose odd 6% tax. Add $35.00 for CANADA. PUERTO RICO . HAWAII. ALASKA. APO.FPO orders. Canodion orders must be in U.S. dollars. PROTECTO WE DO NOT EXPORT TO OTHER COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA. Enclose Coshiers Check. Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 We Love Our Customers doys for delive1 y, 2 to 7 days for phone orders. I day express mail! 22292 N . Pepper Rd ., Barrington, Illinois 60010 VISA-MASTER CARD - C.0.D. No C.O.D. to Canedo. APO-FPO. 312/382-5244 to order ASCII listing on disk in sequential ASCII listing saved in program 210 DATA165,95,136,241,95,24,l (SEQ) format. Most terminal soft (PRG) format. 01,45,133,45,133,36,165,46 ,105,255,133 :rem 70 ware uses sequential files, but you Note that the Recruncher trun 220 DATA46,229,96,170,56,165,9 can also substitute ,P, W to create a cates overly long lines to the maxi 5,229,45,168,176,3,232,198 program (PRG) format ASCII list mum length of the computer's input ,37,24,101 :rem 2 230 DATA34,144,3,198,35,24,177 ing. The Recruncher works equally buffer (80 characters for the 64, 88 ,34,145,36,200,208,249,230 well with either format. Tape users for the VIC). Any characters beyond ,35,230 ,37 :rem 226 needn't worry about this distinction, those limits are dropped. You can 240 DATA202,208,242,32,51,165, 173,0,2,240,161,240,163,24 since there's only one form of tape type in such lines only by using ,165,45,l33 :rem 250 storage. keyword abbreviations (? for 250 DATA90,101,ll,133,88,164,4 To make an ASCII file of part of PRINT, and so on). Long lines from 6,132,91,144,1,200 , 132,89, 32,184,163 :rem 217 a program on disk or tape, use the the original program must be typed 260 DATA 165,20,141,254,l,165,2 procedure above but specify line in manually after recrunching, using 1,141,255,1,165,49,164,50, numbers after the LIST statement. the abbreviations shown in the User's 133 ,45,132 :rem 211 For example, LIST 100-200 creates Manual. 270 DATA46,164,ll,136,185,252, 1 ,145,95,1 36 ,16,248,32,51, an ASCII file of lines 100 through 165 ,169,0 :rem 186 200. LIST -200 lists every line up Merging Programs 280 DATA240 , 197 : rem 23 through 200, and so on. To merge two programs together, first convert one of them into ASCII Recrunchlng form as shown above. Then load the Program 2: VIC-20 Unless you are merging two pro second program in the normal man grams, you should always enter ner and activate the Recruncher Recruncher Please refer to "COMPUTE l's Gulde to Typ ing In NEW before using the Recruncher. without entering NEW. If the two Programs" before entertng this listing. Otherwise the recrunched program programs do not have any matching line numbers, all the recrunched 100 POKE56,PEEK(56)-l:CLR:REMR is merged with the last program or ESERVElPGEATTOPOFMEMORY disk directory loaded into memory. lines are added to the program in :rem 238 To activate the Recruncher, enter memory. If they have matching line 110 S=PEEK(55)+256*PEEK{56):RE the following line in direct mode, numbers, the recrunched program MMLPROGRAMSTARTADDRESS :rem 56 replacing filename with the name of lines replace the matching lines 120 FORJ=STOS+239:READA:POKEJ, the file you want to recrunch: from the program already in memo A:NEXT :rem 67 For disk: ry. The merging capability provides 130 POKE0,76:POKE1,PEEK(55):PO KE2,PEEK(56):NEH :rem 254 OPEN 1,8,8,"filename,S,R":A = USR(O) an easy way to add standard sub 140 DATA169,128,133,253,160,0, routines to new programs. 132,254,166,184,32,198,255 For tape: ,165,253 ,208 ,11 :rem 226 OPEN 1,1,0,"filename":A = USR(O) 150 DATA165,184,32,195,255,32, 204,255,76,116,196,32,207, When the READY prompt reap 255,166,144,240 :rem 235 Program 1: Commodore 64 pears, th~ program is stored in 160 DATA10,160,0,132,253,224,6 memory in tokenized form, ready Recruncher 4,240,2,208,228,164,254,19 Please refer to " COMPUTEl 's Guide to Typ ing In 2,89,208,4 :rem 218 for you to save, list, or run as usual. Programs" before entering this listing. 170 DATA201,13,208,229,201,13, (Remember to enter CLOSE 1 to 208,2,169,0,8,153,0,2,200, close the file.) Disk users should re 100 POKE56,PEEK(56)-l:CLR:REM 230,254 :rem 40 {SPACE}RESERVE 1 PAGE AT T 180 DATA40,208,213,162,255,160 place ,S,R with ,P,R to recrunch an OP OF MEMORY :rem 47 ,1,134,122,132,123,32,115, 110 S=PEEK(55)+256*PEEK(56):RE 0,240,2,144 :rem 234 M ML PROGRAM START ADD RESS 190 DATA6,160,0,132,254,240,16 :rem 56 8,32,107,201,32,121,197,13 120 FORJ=STOS+239:READA:POKEJ, 2, 1 1,32,19 :rem 200 A:NEXT :rem 67 200 DATA198,144,68,160,l,177,9 DISKS ssoo 130 POKE784,76:POKE785,PEEK(55 5,133,35,165,45,133,34,165 ):POKE786,PEEK(S6):NEW:REM ,96,133,37 :rem 248 SET USER VECTOR :rem 115 210 DATA165,95,136,241,95,24,l ~75C o 140 DATA169,128,133,253,160,0, 01,45,133,45,133,36,165,46 132,254,166,184,32,198,255 ,105,255,133 :rem 70 I ,165,253,208, 11 :rem 226 220 DATA46,229,96,170,56,165,9 QUALITY MEDIA Because we buy 150 DATA165,184,32,195,255,32, 5,229,45,168,176,3,232,198 LIFETIME REPLACE in huge volume to GUARANTEE supply software 204,255,76,116,164,32,207, ,37,24,101 :rem 2 HUB RINGS.TYv. EPS. manufacturers. our 255,166,144,240 :rem 230 230 DATA34,144,3,198,35,24,177 WRITE PROTECTS prices can't be beat. 160 DATA10,160,0,132,253,224,6 ,34,145,36,200,208,249,230 50+ 250+ 500+ tOOO + 4,240 ,2,208,228,164,254,19 ,35,230,37 :rem 226 5 25' SSDD 1 00 oo .as so 75 2,89,208,4 :rem 218 240 DATA202,208,242,32,51,197, 525' DSDD 115 1os 1.00 95 as 170 DATA201,13,208,229,201,13, 173,0,2,240,161,240,163,24 PC FORMATTED 1 45 t 35 1 25 1 15 1 10 35•1D(ForMoc) 270 2 60 2 45 CALL CALL 208,2,169,0,8,153,0,2,200, ,165,45,133 :rem 255 35'2D(ForHP) 350 3 25 3.15 CALL CALL 230,254 :rem 40 250 DATA90,101,ll,133,88,164,4 180 DATA40,208,213,162,255,160 6,132,91,144,1,200,132,89, .a... BLA.CKSHIP ,1,134,122,132,123,32,115, 32,184,195 :rem 222 ~ COMPUTER SUPPLY 0,240,2,144 :rem 234 260 DATA165,20,141,254,l,165,2 P. O Box 683362 • San Francisco. CA 94 188 190 DATA6,160,0,132,254,240,16 1,141,255 ,1,165,49,164,50, lnQu lries + No. Cal.orders415-550-0512 8,32,107,169,32,121,165,13 133,45,132 :rem 211 So. Cal. orders 600-235-6647 x31 2,11,32,19 :rem 208 270 DATA46,164,ll,136,185,252, USA orders 600-235-6646x31 200 DATA166,144,68,160,l,177,9 1,145,95,136,16,248,32,51, Add $3 oo ShlPP•no and handhno 5,133,35,165,45,133,34,165 197,169,0 :rem 191 (CA residents add 6 5'X, sales tax) VISA/MC/COD ,96,133,37 :rem 243 280 DATA240,197 :rem 23 ~ 62 COMPUTE! 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If it doesn't meet your expectations . just send it bock lo us prepaid and we will refund your purchase price! 1 90 DAY IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT WARRANTY . If any of the ATARI COMPUTER SYSTEM equipment or programs fo il due to faulty workmanship or material within 90 days of purchase we will reploGe it IMMEDIATELY with no service charge! ! Best Prices • Over 1000 Programs and 500 Accessories Available • Best Service • One Day Express Mail • Programming Knowledge • Technical Support Add 525.00 for shipping and handling!! COMPUTER DIRECT Enclose Cashiers Check . Money Order or Personal Check. Allow 14 days for delivery. 2 to 7 days for phone orders. t day express moil! We Love Our Customers We accept Visa and MasterCard. We ship C.O .D. to continental 22292 N . Pepper Rd .. Barrington, Ill. 60010 U.S. addresses only. Add $10 more ii C.0.0 . 312/382-5050 'to order Extended Color Mode For Commodore Jim Butterfield . Associo e Edi or Here's how to control the background the Commodore 64, you can switch are unavailable-but you'll find that color of individual ch aracte rs to add modes with POKE 53265,91. On the the screen gains extra richness from variety to graphics displays 011 the Commodore 16 or Plus/4, it's done the variety of backgrounds. Commodore 64, Plus/4, and 16. with POKE 65286,91. Don't do it yet, however; this POKE should be Choosing The Background used only within a program. First you must pick the four back If you couldn't wait and typed ground colors you want. The first in the POKE anyway, you'll have one is the standard background There's a feature on the Commo some trouble seeing the cursor. The color; on the 64, you set 'it with a dore 64 that's not very well known. cursor flash effect is achieved by POKE into 53281, the familiar con It can help you create attractive dis using reverse characters; as soon as trol address. The other three are plays very easily, especially for you switched to extended color easy; on the 64, you set them with poster-type screen announcements. mode, you gave away those reverse POKEs to 53282, 53283, and 53284. It's called extended background color characters. Thus, you're probably On the Plus/4 and Commodore 16, mode, and it lets you control the typing semi-blind. Put everything you may use the COLOR command background color of each character back with a POKE to the same ad to set two of these colors (COLOR 0 on the screen. Extended color mode dress using a value of 27 rather than and COLOR 3 will work), but you'll is available on the Plus/4 and Com 91. You'll be happy to see the cursor be better off to POKE addresses modore 16 as well. again. 65301, 65302, 65303, and 65304. Normally, you may choose a Here's what these control addresses range of colors for any character that The Tradeoff do in extended color mode: your Commodore 64 displays on the When you activate extended color 64 Plus/4 screen. But each foreground charac mode, you add extra background and 16 ter is set against a single background colors, but you lose some characters. Normal Background 53281 65301 color. You know the background You get only 64 characters-gener Color color: That's the one you set with ally the unSHlFTed character set SHIFTed Character 53282 65302 POKE 53281 on the 64. Let's catego with no reverse characters. Color rize the choices: Each foreground What happens to the missing Reversed Character 53283 65303 character may be one of 16 colors; characters? They're used to select Color there are up to 128 possible charac background colors. When we get SHIFTed/Reversed 53284 65304 ters, plus reverse characters; and the down to programming, we'll seem Character Color screen has only one background to be trying to print reversed charac The table above also hints at color. ters, or SHIFTed characters, or both the way you choose the background Let's propose a trade. If you cut together. However, when the pro color. If you print an unSHIFTed down your character set to 64 char gram runs, the standard unSHIFTed character, it appears on the standard acters, with no reverse characters characters are displayed on a variety screen background. If you print a allowed, you can independently se of colored backgrounds. If this SHIFTed character, it appears as an lect any of four background colors seems complex, be patient; the ex unSHIFTed character (but on a dif for each character. Meanwhile, you ample makes everything clear. ferent background), and so on. still retain a full choice of 16 charac Thus, extended color mode lim ter colors. its us to the unSHIFTed characters. A Slmple Banner Program How do we make such a trade? Depending on which mode we're in, Enter and save one of the programs By selecting extended color mode, that might be either uppercase below, then run it for a demonstra giving away our extra characters in (graphics mode) or lowercase (text tion of extended background color favor of a choice of backgrounds. On mode). Fancy graphics characters mode. Commodore 64 users should 64 COMPUTEI July 1985 type in Program I exactly as listed. If want to generate very effective you are using a Plus/4 or 16, enter "posters." We've all noticed that Program I but substitute lines some colors work together better 210-250, 420, and 450 from Pro than others, so you may try various gram 2. Be sure to press SHIFT combinations for the best effect. IBM PC256K when typing the underlined charac For alphabetic characters and $1319.95 ters as explained in "COMPUTE!'s spaces, it's easy to find the equiva APPLE 2E w/Drlve Guide to Typing In Programs" else lent SHIFTed character: Just hold $819.95 where in this issue, and note that down the SHIFT key and you've got " PRINTER SPECIALS" {SHIFT-SPACE} simply means to it. It's a challenge, however, to find B1 01n•1H A\5 )(L 338 AA• M UITL9t1S 0< 1l! 80 119 Poweflftte 1T9 Broltm HR 35 710 NE C~ &2'• Allem.11 BllHI • l !M'I ClhHll MSPIO 2'89 NE CJ5'!!0 999 Sllvu~bp~ ~ hold down SHIFT while typing a some of the SHIFTed equivalents of CorCfle Lne• ?•&lo NE C 1130 1(1~ Sll'ott Ree<) E1p 500 2!>8 Oa11,wt11er 778 NEC 88!!0 1•0fJ Sli ver Reed E•P 110 6~7 space. punctuation and numeric keys. I Eo 1on RX 80 Fl • .,... 01110•1• ~ )A l! Sl•r 5010 l18 Ecaon RXSO 194 0 1uc11•!1l ~1 S11r S015 " '' Lines 100 to 150 of the program Eo10fl f\X 100 l69 m.1m11110 t2S S1.1r SG10 210 won't give the game away by telling Eo1on r:x ao l21 Olymp1u o n.t Siar SGU ].f.!I £1>1on FX 100 • 519 Pana.son~ KXP 1091 2• 11 Slat SA10 •61 contain the character data to be you the special combinations, but £psot1L01500 909 P&nnofuc PlJl'.PlOGO ti• S111 SRl5 "811 Jull 6100 Te l~n d !'O J.19 Panuon1c: l(J( P IQIU"' To11'Hbl l)AD ~ printed, plus a numeric flag to indi here's a hint. Activate extended Julu6300 6-19 Pa l'la»"•C: 109.J AJ9 Tosnlr,., 1~1 1113 P1 n.ason1c: KXP )151 U 2 l ot l'l•0. 351 1099 cate reverse video printing. We color mode and then try pressing could achieve the same thing within keys while holding down the Com ZENITH COMMODORE ATARI PC2·150 1eu~ Com~OCSOf1&A tli 1JOOKE ,,. the string using clever cursor move modore logo key. Make a note of PCl!l1 · ~ 1051 l!l-4 1 Ol1,01 IYe 177 ecJO)L .. z 1e1 . ~ 22el IU l-ta yn2•00 !188 STBR 1 ~2 239 Prlnc1ton M.lt 12 • 21 NoYallon J-e& I 89 color to black. We could choose to Please refer to "COMPUTEl's Gulde to Typing In print in any color combinations, of Programs" before entering these listings. For Your Protection We Check For Stolon Credit Care Some •terns AelleC I CJtl'I 0 11coun1 course. Lines 210 to 240 set the four Program 1: Extended Color HARMONY VIDEO & COMPUTERS 2357 CONEY ISLAND AVE BROOKLYN . NY 11223 background colors. We'll meddle Mode For Commodore 64 800 VIDE084 OR 800 441 1144 OR 718 627 1000 with color number 4 later, but this 100 DATA "HELL0",0 sets it initially. The Plus/4 and 16 110 DATA "WELCOME{SHIFT-SPACE} TO{SHIFT-SPACE}THE",0 can control both the color and the 120 DATA "WONDERFUL WORLD OF", Learn How to Program hue (brightness); try experimenting 1 in BASIC at Home with these values as well. 130 DATA "COMMODORE {SHIFT-SPACEJEXTENDED in Your Spare Time Line 250 switches into multi {SHIFT-SPACE}COLOR 11 ,l ••• NO COMPUTER NEEDED TO START color mode. We're ready to print, 140 DATA "PRESS ANY KEY TO QUI and that's what we do in lines 300 to T",0 No Previous Experience Needed 150 DATA "X" ,0 370. Each line is centered on the Now you can learn it all' 200 PRINTCHR$(142)CHR$(147)CHR Computer programming ... screen: The program calculates the $(144) computer applications .. . computer games ... every· number of empty spaces on the line 210 POKE53281, l thing you ever wanted to (variable T) and then TABs half that 220 POKE53282,2 know about computer 230 POKE53283,3 operation ! Write your own distance to center the message. If the 240 POKE53284,4 computer programs or flag X shows that we want reverse use hundreds of pro· 250 POKE53265,91 grams already available... video, the program activates it by 300 PRINT budgeting. real estate. printing CHR$(18) in line 350. 310 READX$,X bookkeeping. expenses. 320 IFX$="X"GOT0400 taxes. shopping lists . Lines 400 to the end cycle the phone numbers. routing ... 330 T=40-LEN(X$) even foreign languages background 4 color register through 340 PRINTTAB(T/2); and graphics. 350 IFX=lTHENPRINTCHR$(18); a range of values so the background LEARN IT ALL.IBM. APPLE. COMMODORE , TRS and MORE! behind the message COMMODORE 360 PRINTX$ Wheth er or not you have your own computer. our 370 GOT0300 independent study program shows you step-by-step EXTENDED COLOR changes con 400 C=3 how to program in BASIC , the most commonly used 410 C=C+l:IFC>l5THENC=2 computer language. All BASIC Programming is simi· tinually. When the program is fin lar. So once you learn our easy system. you'll under ished, the POKE in line 450 turns off 420 POKE53284,C stand how to use and 11rogram on almost any brand 430 FORJ=lT01000:NEXTJ of personal computer. Send 1oday for free lac1s and extended color mode and returns 440 GETX$:IFX$=""GOT0410 color brochure... a comple1e inlorma1ion package. ~ the display to normal. It's· interest 450 POKE53265,27 ing to see the characters assume Program 2: Plus/4 and their true identities as the program terminates. Commodore 16 Modifications 210 POK E65301 ,113 220 POKE65302,82 Problems And Challenges 230 POKE65303,83 I N•m• Ag e__ I In the above example, we've used 240 POKE65304,84 I I 250 POKE 65286,91 ,M~ I only one printing color-black. In 420 POKE65304,C I Cily State1Zip I fact, you can choose as many as you 450 POKE6528 6,27 I Phone Nn t I I L------J Trusted Software an LANGUAGE SOFTWARE ASSEMBLER/MONITOR-64 Macro assembler and extended monitor. 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Jo n Kear ey Much of today's commercial software studying the manual from cover to with its own graphics and text, like a offers innovative graphics effects like cover-a tedious task. It's easy, smaller screen pasted over the main multiple windows and split screens. therefore, to miss some really useful screen. Viewports can exist indepen But with a little-known statement in features that can significantly en dently of each other and can be of IBM BASICA and PCjr Cartridge hance your programs. any size within the dimensions of BASIC. you can build similar features One of these is the VIEW state the screen. Some can even be invisi into your own programs. ment. IBM devotes no less than five ble! What makes viewports truly pages and h-vo good examples to amazing is the way they handle explain this statement in the PCjr graphics. Cartridge BASIC manual, but even To see for yourself the versatil with that, many my.steries remain. ity of viewports, try running the ex Lots of power is hidden within the The VIEW statement lets you ample programs following this depths of IBM BASIC. So many segment or define an almost unlim article. For example, Program 1 (for statements, commands, and func ited number of rectangular sections the PCjr only) shows off the variety tions are tucked away that it's diffi on the screen. Each viewport, as it is of viewport sizes, colors, and bor cult to assimilate them all without called, becomes a separate window ders. By examining these programs Progra m 1 shows viewports of various Progra m 2 demons trates the automatic Program 3 shows how co ncen tric circles sizes with graph ics in each. scaling capabilities of viewports. are a11/ 0111atically scaled only within the small invisible viewport at the center of the screen. July 1985 COMPUTE! 69 and comparing them with the re The first set of coordinates sults when they're run, you'll see (x1,y1) defines the position of the VIEW (4,1) - (300,100),5,7 how easy it is to use the VIEW viewport's upper-left comer; x1 is (Magenta viwport with white border.) statement. the horizontal coordinate and y1 is Once a viewport is defined and the vertical coordinate. The second activated, the coordinates inside the A Bird's-Eye VIEW set of coordinates (x2,y2) defines the viewport are no longer the same as With V1EW, you can locate a view lower-right comer. So, if you want a the main screen coordinates. We'll port anywhere on the screen, adjust very large viewport in SCREEN 1, explain this in a moment. the size of the viewport, fill the you might specify: viewport with color, and assign a Automatic Scaling VIEW (4,1)-(300,100) color to the surrounding border After y.ou've created a viewport, you lines. Or, for a very small viewport, you can prmt text or draw graphics in Here's the basic format of the could specify: side it. Since the viewport is smaller VIEW statement: VIEW (4,1)-(10,12) than the main screen, however, a VIEW [(SCREEN] [(x1,y1)-(x2,y2) full-size graphics figure may not fit [,[attribute] [,[bo1111dary)))] ] Making It Visible within its boundaries. You have to Let's explain these parameters If you actually enter the above state scale down the size of the figure to one by one-they're not as difficult ments, you won't see anything hap avoid what's called a clipping effect as they may appear. pen. The viewport is there, but it's (the parts of the figure which don't The first step before using invisible. To make it appear, you fit are cut off, or clipped, within the VIEW at all is to declare the screen have to set the viewport apart from view_port). Ordinarily, this scaling mode. VIEW works only in the the main screen background by fill reqmres manual calculations. But graphics modes: SCREEN 1 or ing it with color or surrounding it another IBM BASIC statement SCREEN 2 in BASICA on the IBM with a colored border. That's the WINDOW-can help scale the PC, and SCREEN 1 through purpose of the last two parameters graphics automatically. SCREEN 6 in Cartridge BASIC on of the VIEW statement. With WINDOW, each viewport the PCjr. SCREEN 0 is a text mode acts as a microcosm of the main and can't be used with V1EW. screen, so the computer automati Table 2: Attribute Color cally fits the graphics into the view At first glance, you may think Numbers the SCREEN parameter in the VIEW port. This scaling effect is statement lets you specify the screen 0 black 8 gray demonstrated by Programs 1 and 2 mode, but it doesn't. Actually, this 1 blue 9 light blue (see photos). For instance, Program parameter determines how other 2 green 10 light green 2 uses identical graphics subroutines 3 cya.n 11 light cyan graphics statements affect the view f~r each viewport, even though the 4 red 12 light red v1ewports are different sizes. ports and main screen background, 5 magenta 13 light magenta so let's skip this for a moment. 6 brown 14 yellow A full explanation of all the After declaring the screen mode 7 white 15 bright white possibilities of W1NDOW and VIEW with a separate SCREEN statement, is beyond the scope of this article. you define the size of the viewport However, for scaling purposes with The attribute parameter lets you by specifying two sets of screen co viewports, you can simply insert fill the viewport with the color as ordinates. The coordinates, natu this WINDOW statement prior to signed to that attribute number. The rally, correspond to the resolution the VIEW statement: boundary parameter lets you draw a available in the graphics mode you WINDOW SCREEN (x1,y1)-(x2,y2) border around the viewport with the selected. For example, SCREEN 1 color assigned to the attribute num where x1,y1 are the upper-left cor has 320 horizontal pixels by 200 ber. Attribute numbers can range ner coordinates of the graphics vertical pixels, so the viewport must from 0 to 15, but of course this de mode (0,0), and x2,y2 are the lower fit within this range (see Table 1). pends on the number of colors avail right comer coordinates (for inL Remember that screen coordinates able in the screen mode you choose stance, 319,199 in SCREEN 1). are numbered beginning with 0, so (see your BASIC manual). For in When you set up a viewport, the actual range of coordinates in stance, Table 1 shows that SCREEN the coordinates within its bound SCREEN 1 would be 0 to 319 hori 1 is a four-color mode, so it has four aries no longer correspond to the zontally and 0 to 199 vertically. attributes, numbered 0 to 3. Table 2 coordinates of the main screen. In shows which colors are assigned to stead, the coordinates for the upper which attributes. Keep in mind that left comer of any viewport are (0,0), Table 1: IBM Graphics Modes you can assign any color to any attri no matter where the viewport is located. Mode Resolution Colors bute number with the PALETTE and PALETTE USING statements. There may be times when you SCREEN 1 320 X 200 4 Here are some examples: don't want the automatic-scaling SCREEN 2 640 X 200 2 feature. You can defeat it simply by SCREEN 3° 160 X 200 16 VIEW (4,1)-(300,100) SCREEN 4° 320 X 200 4 (Attribute parameter is omitted, so viw leaving out the WINDOW state SCREEN s• 320 X 200 16 port defaults to same color as screen, ment. You can also experiment with SCREEN 6° 640 X 200 4 rendering viwport invisible.) another variation of the VIEW state "Available 011/y in PCjr Cartridge BASIC. VIEW (4,1)-(300,100),4,14 ment by including the SCREEN pa SCREEN 5 and 6 require at least 12BK RAM. (Red viwport with yellow border.) rameter mentioned earlier. When 70 COMPllTEI July 1985 SCREEN is included, all viewport Immediately afterward, the ~ 240 DX=1/N:DDX=.75SDXS319:Y=1 coordinates coincide with the main program executes a WINDOW state 99 HK 250 FOR I =0 TO N-1 screen coordinates. That is, the ment and defines a very small in CN 260 X=DXSit319: ' multiply frac upper-left comer coordinates corre visible viewport at the center of the tional range by 319 to f i spond to the main screen coordi screen. Then it repeats the circles t coordinates 0-1 into ac tual grid of 0-319 nates at that point, rather than 0,0. subroutine again, showing how the HK 270 READ D:D=D/1.25: 'scaled Points plotted outside the viewport circles are scaled down to the size of to fit 0-250 into actual boundaries won't appear on the the single invisible viewport. grid of 0-199 <250/200=1. 2) screen. ~ 280 LINE July 1985 COMPUTE! 71 Apple SpeedScript 3.0 ProDOS Converter Kevin Mortin. Editorial Programmer Last month, COMPUTE! published the sion, type in both Program 1 and menu, select option F ("Format a Apple version of the popular Speed Program 2 below. Program 1 is a Volume"). If you are using the Ile, Script 3.0 word processor for DOS 3.3. BASIC program that makes the select option 6 (" Format a Disk") This month we present "ProDOS Con change~ to SpeedScript. Program 2 is from the System Utilities menu. In verter," a program that modifies the a binary file that must be typed in sert a blank disk into the drive and DOS 3.3 version of SpeedScript to with "Apple MDC (The Apple MLX format it for use with ProDOS. Type create an enhanced ProDOS version. program was published in the same in SPEED.DATA for the volume It works oti any Apple II-series com issue as SpeedScript and also is name, or just press RETURN when puter with at least 64K RAM, a disk included on the June disk). When asked for the volume name. drive, and the ProDOS operating using Apple MLX to enter the Speed system. Script data, you have to enter a line 3. Select option F ("File Com of POKEs in direct mode before mands") from the Filer main menu, loading MLX. This is not necessary then option C ("Copy Files") from before loading MLX to enter the data the File Commands menu-or Apple's ProDOS operating system choose option 1 ("Copy Files") from offers a considerable improvement from Program 2. Simply load and run the MLX program. the Ile System Utilities menu-to in performance and utility over DOS copy the file named PRODOS from 3.3, but also makes things a little Apple MLX asks you for the starting and ending addresses of the the ProDOS master disk to your more complicated. ProDOS uses newly formatted ProDOS disk. and lays out memory in a different program you're typing in. Enter way than DOS 3.3, so many DOS 3AFO for the starting address, and 4. Now copy the DOS 3.3 version of 3.3 machine language programs are 3CBF for the ending address. Next SpeedScript to the newly formatted not compatible with ProDOS. Also, you'll see a menu. Press E to enter disk. Even if you typed in Speed many DOS 3.3 functions are not data, then enter 3AFO as the address Script and saved it on a ProDOS supported in the same way by Pro at which to begin typing. Program 2 disk, go ahead and copy it on this DOS. This is enough to keep the is not a long listing, so take your disk for convenience. Important: Apple version of SpeedScript 3.0 time and be careful. MLX asks you Make sure SpeedScript is saved on (COMPUTE!, June 1985) from running to retype a line if you make a mis the ProDOS disk with the filename with Pro DOS, even if you save it on take. When you finish, you return to SPEEDSCRIPT. a ProDOS disk. the menu. Press S to save the file. The solution is "ProDOS Con Use the name SPEEDSCRIPT2, since 5. Copy ProDOS Converter Pro verter," which changes an existing this is the filename which Program 1 grams 1 and 2 onto the same disk copy of DOS 3.3 SpeedScript into a looks for. with SPEEDSCRIPT. You can name program usable with ProDOS. As a After you've typed in the pro Program 1 anything you like. We bonus, ProDOS SpeedScript gives grams (you may want to make back used the name PRODOS.MAKER. you 1 OK more text memory to work up copies of them on another disk Be sure that the data from Program 2 with. for security), follow these step-by (entered with Apple MLX) is named step instructions: SPEEDSCR1PT2. Making The Conversion 1. Load and run the ProDOS "Filer" 6. Verify that the disk contains the First, you'll need to type in Speed system utilities package, or-if you following files: Script from last month's issue, if you have an Apple Ile-boot up the Pro PROD OS The ProDOS operat haven't already. We also offer a disk DOS System Utilities disk. ing system containing all the Apple programs SPEEDSCRIPT The DOS 3.3 version of SpeedScript published in June (see box), which 2. From the Filer main menu, select PRODOS.MAKER Program 1, the BASIC can save you considerable typing option V ("Volume Commands"); ProDOS Co11verter effort. To prepare for the conver then from the Volume Commands program 72 COMPUTE! July 1985 The Sider'M 10MB hard disk from First Class Peripherals Decisions, dec ision s. First you had to performance and reliabilit y. That 's be line, should you ever have a technical or choose between Apple and IBM . Now you ca:.ise it's manufactured exclusively for service question. have to decide which hard disk subsystem First Class Per iphera ls by Xebec, the in to purchase-and they all seem about the du str y's le-acl! ng manufacturer of computer It's easy to order your Sider same. But are th ey? di sk drives and controllers. And it's sold The Sider is priced at just S695 for the First Class Peripherals can make your direct to you, so there are no dea lers or Apple model ... $795 for the IBM. That's hard disk decision a lot easier. Because distributors to hike up the cost. hundreds ofdollars less than what you'd whether you use an Apple II + or lie.. .or expect to pay for the comparable "big Full guarantee and IBM PC * or XT.. .we offer a Sider JO ~IB name" models. To order, use the coupon hard di sk subsystem just ri ght for all your free tech hotline below ... or for faster service, order by storage needs. You ca n choose your Apple or IBM Sider phone using Visa, MasterCa rd or American with confidence. Simply order and use your Express. Ca ll toll-free: The most reliable, affordable Sider for 15 days. If you're not 100% 10 MB hard disk on the market satisfi ed, return it for a full refund. Keep it, 1800 538-130/1 The Sider fe-atures state-of-th e-art Win and you'll enjoy a full one-year limited / chester disk technology. Direct booting warranty... plu access to our toll-free hot Extension 702 without floppies . Self-contained power sup ply. And compatibility with the most pop ular Apple or IBMsoftware. 0 Yes, please send me the Sider, includin g IO megabyte hard di sk dri1·e. host adapter card, In addition, the Sider is plug and ------cable, complete installation software and documen tation for my :D Apple II+ or lie D IBM PC or XT play. Everything you need for quick easy I prefer to pay as follows: insta llation is included: cable host adapter D I'1·e enclosed mv check or money order for S695 • (S-;'95 • fo.r IB.\t-compatible .Sider) plus Na me software and manual. SI) shippin g and handling. paya ble to First Class Peri pheral s. Built to last by Xebec Atldre.~'i D Please bill the fo llowi ng credit card account The Sider has won rave reviews for its fo r S695 • ($795 • for 113M· compati blc Sider) Cily plus S1 5 shipping and handling: •Must contain hard disk ROM . D \'ISA D MasterCard D American Express S/11/e Zip Cllrd# Exp. Dale Telepbone (area code) Mail to: First Class Peripherals 3S79 Highway SO East, Carson City, NV 89701 Sig11ll/11re 3S79 Highway SO East, Carson City, NV 89701 • Res idents of CA . Wand PA . please add appropriate soles tax. i02 SPEEDSCRIPT2 The ProDOS Co11vert a filename courts disaster. BS 31"' PRINT "ERROR IN DATA STAT er binary file (from To access any other disk, EMENTS": END Program 2) IE 320 DATA 0, 49 though, you'll have to enter the vol 78 330 DATA 160,0, 1B5,0,32, 153 7. You're now ready to convert the ume name. For example, if the vol ~ 340 DATA 0,144,200,20B,247,76 ume name is BLANK27, and you ~ 350 DATA 14,144,169,32,133,25 DOS 3.3 version of SpeedScript to 1 ProDOS. Run Program 1 (PRO want to load the file named SF 360 DATA 169,50, 133,250, 169,8 ED 370 DATA 133,253, 169 0, 133,25 DOS .MAKER). It reads the file SPROITZ, you'd enter /BLANK27 / 1 SPROITZ at the LOAD: prompt. Just 2 SPEEDSCRIPT, merges it with IE 380 DATA 177, 250, 145, 252, 200, SPEEDSCRIPT2, makes some mod surround the volume name with 20B ifications, then permits you to slashes. If you have two drives, Pro 8D 390 DATA 249,230,251,230,253, DOS automatically searches for the 16S switch disks before it saves a new DB 400 DATA 253,201,37,20B,239,7 file called SS.SYSTEM. We recom indicated volume name on both 6 mend leaving the same disk in the drives. ~ 410 DATA 0,8,7499 drive the first time you perform the There is one additional differ J5 420 DATA 2862, 5 ence for the ProDOS version: The b2 430 DATA 32, 194, 34, 76,B3, 20 conversion process. Later, you can AF 440 DATA 439 use ProDOS Converter to create ad DOS 3.3 "SpeedScript File Convert BE 4S0 DATA 3136, 5 ditional copies of ProDOS Speed er" program (Program 2 from the ll 460 DATA 32,B2,35,76,57,20 June article) will not work with Pro 24 470 DATA 302 Script on other disks, or simply copy Sl 480 DATA 472B, 5 the file SS.SYSTEM onto a backup DOS SpeedScript files. That program bE 490 DATA 32,82, 3 S,76,11B,26 disk with the "Copy Files" utility. If was designed to change Apple text 28 500 DATA 369 files into SpeedScript documents, Bl S10 DATA -1 you want the backups to be Speed 8S S20 DATA 643, 36, 6S1, 17S, 656, 1 Script startup disks, make sure each and vice versa. Instead, you must 76 disk contains ProDOS and does not use the ProDOS version presented 17 S30 DATA 661, 1B4, 2953, 76, 29S4 have the file BASIC.SYSTEM on it. as Program 3, below. Refer top. 121 ,1SB 31 S40 DATA 2955, 35, 3332, 76, 3333 of the June 1985 issue of COMPUTE! (Otherwise, BASIC.SYSTEM will '1B4 take priority over SS.SYSTEM, and for instructions on using the File S8 5S0 DATA 3334, 35 SS.SYSTEM will not boot up Converter program. SB S60 DATA -1,1135 automatically.) Program 1: ProDOS Program 2: ProDOS 8. Your new ProDOS SpeedScript Converter, BASIC Loader Converter, Binary Fiie disk is now ready to boot up. Just Please refer to the "Apple Automatic Proof Pleose refer to the "'Apple MLX"' article In the insert the disk and tum on your reader" article in this Issue before entertng this June 1985 issue before entering this listing. computer-SpeedScript automatical listing . START ADDRESS: 3AF0 ly loads and runs. To run SpeedScript S2 1'11121 0$ = CHRS ( 4 l END ADDRESS: 3CBF after you've already booted up from BE 11"' PRINT "LOADING MLX FILES" another ProDOS startup disk, just 19 120 PRINT DS; "BLOAD SPEEDSCRI 3AF0: 45 32 31 03 20 00 BF Cl 20 PT,AS2032" 3AFB: S4 24 20 60 14 20 00 BF BB enter -SS.SYSTEM. The hyphen (-) 13 130 PRINT OS; "BLOAD SPEEDSCRI 3B00: C0 S7 24 B0 5S 20 00 BF 27 is the "smart load" command. PT2,AS3AF0" 3B0B: CB 63 24 B0 40 AD 68 24 61 2F 140 PRINT "READING DATA STATE 3B10: 80 6A 24 SD 6F 24 SD 77 E3 MENTS" 3B1B: 24 AD SS lE 38 ED 46 1E BC Using ProDOS SpeedScrlpf El 150 FOR I = 632 TO 641: POKE 3B20: BD 6B 24 BD 72 24 AD S6 6B The ProDOS version of SpeedScript I + 8192,234: NEXT 3B2B: 1E ED 47 1E 80 6C 24 SD E7 varies only slightly in operation U 160 C = 0: READ I: IF I = - 1 3B30: 73 24 AD 46 1E SD 70 24 AF THEN 190 3B38: AD 47 lE BD 71 24 20 00 S0 from the original DOS 3.3 version. 1D 170 READ L: FOR I = I TO I + 3B40: BF D0 69 24 B0 14 20 00 S0 Because ProDOS is stored in the L: READ A:C = C + A: POKE 3B48: BF CB 6E 24 B0 0C 20 00 97 upper 16K of memory, and because I + 8192,A: NEXT : READ 3BS0: BF CC 76 24 B0 04 20 96 57 CS: IF C < > CS THEN 310 3B5B: 14 60 BD AB 1E 20 96 14 10 BASIC.SYSTEM is not needed for At 180 GOTO 160 3B60: A9 00 80 77 24 20 95 FE A0 SpeedScript, you have about lOK F7 190 C = 0 3B68: 20 0.0 BF CC 76 24 20 A6 DE more text memory in ProDOS than ~ 200 READ I: IF I - 1 THEN 2 3B70: 0A A9 BS A0 24 20 DS 09 67 you do with DOS 3.3. 20 3B7B: AD AB lE 20 DA FD A2 FA BS ~ 210 READ A:C = C + A: POKE I 3B80: 9A 4C lB 0B 20 60 14 20 OS All changes are to support Pro + 8192,A: GOTO 200 3B88: 00 BF ca 63 24 80 CB AD 67 DOS filename conventions. CTRL-C IC 220 READ CS: IF C < > CS THEN 3B90: 68 24 80 79 24 80 7E 24 06 still displays a disk catalog. But the 310 3B9B: BD 77 24 20 00 BF Dl 78 55 F7 230 PRINT "INSERT DISK TO REC 3BA0: 24 B0 B7 AD 7A 24 80 81 28 filename convention for Load, Save, EIVE SS.SYSTEM": PRINT " 3BAB: 24 AD 7B 24 80 82 24 AS B2 and the G (goto file) printing com PRESS ANY KEY WHEN READY 3BB0: FB BD 7F 24 AS FC 80 B0 77 mand has changed. If you boot ": GET AS 3BBB: 24 20 00 BF CA 70 24 B0 BA bb 240 PRINT "SAVING SS. SYSTEM" 3BC0: 99 20 00 BF CC 76 24 B0 41 SpeedScript off its own startup disk, AA 250 ONERR GOTO 270 3BCB: 91 AE 7A 24 AC 7B 24 60 41 it remembers the volume name of DB 260 PRINT DS; "DELETE SS. SYSTE 3BD0: A0 00 B9 83 lE 29 7F 99 35 the disk it was booted from . You M" 3BD8: AC 1E ca cc SB 1E D0 F2 E2 don't have to enter a volume name bB 270 ONERR GOTO 0 3BE0: BC AB 1E 60 80 AB 1E 4C FS CB 280 PRINT DS; "CREATE SS. SYSTE 3BE8: 2E 23 20 00 BF CS 46 24 09 to load, save, or link to a file on that M,TSYS" 3BF0: B0 F2 A0 00 AD 00 BE 29 A4 disk. Just enter any legal ProDOS 7E 290 PRINT DS"BSAVE SS. SYSTEM, 3BF8: 0F 80 AB lE B9 01 BE 99 9A filename. Remember that-unlike A$2000,LS1CBF,TSYS" 3C00: AD lE ca cc AB tE D0 F4 29 tA 300 PR I NT "SUCCESSFULLY CONVE 3C0B: CB BC AB lE A9 2F SD AC 31 DOS 3.3-spaces are not allowed in RTED. BOOT DISK TO RUN": 3C10: 1E 20 00 BF ca 63 24 B0 6B ProDOS filenames. Using spaces in END 3C18: CB A9 AF 20 ED FD 20 00 80 74 COMPUTE! July 1985 3C20: BF CA 4A 24 B0 BE A9 B9 44 FILE" 9> 230 L = PEEK 148859> + PEEK I 3C2S: S5 07 A9 04 SS 06 A0 00 97 AE 60 PRINT " 12> MAKE A TEXT FI 48860) • 2S6 + 8192 3C30: Bl 06 C9 00 00 0S CS Bl 5A LE INTO A SPEEDSCRIPT 51 240 FOR I = 81 92 TO L - 1 3C3S: 06 F0 34 4C 29 24 SD ES 7E FILE" IA 245 IF PEEK II l = 141 THEN PO 3C40: 1E 29 0F AA EB SE 5S 1E EE 67 70 GET AS: A = VAL Apple Automatic Proofreader Tim Vic or. Editoria l Programmer Now it's easier than ever to enjoy check for typing errors by compar article. The Proofreader can't check COMPUTE! programs for Apple 11 ing checksums instead of reading itself before it's done, so you'll have series computers. Our "Automatic each line and comparing it, charac to be extra careful to avoid mistakes. Proofreader" utility, formerly avail ter by character, with the listing. The This chore might go a little faster if able only for Commodore, Atari, and Proofreader and your computer do you remind yourself that this is the IBM computers, has now been adapted most of the work for you. last time you'll have to do it. and enhanced for the Apple II+, II e, The Automatic Proofreader The Proofreader checks which and Ile with either DOS 3.3 or ProDOS. loads a short machine language rou operating system you're running The Automatic Proofreader alerts you tine into memory and attaches it to before it hooks up the checksum to most typing mistakes you might your Apple's operating system. routine, so you can type it in with make while entering a COMPUTE! Each time you press RETURN to either DOS 3.3 or ProDOS. lf you program. enter a program line, this routine want to use the Proofreader with displays a two-digit checksum at the both operating systems, you won't top of your screen. lf you've typed have to retype it. All you need is a the line correctly, the checksum on utility to copy a file between disks your screen matches the one in the with different formats, such as the Beginning this month, there will be printed listing-it's that simple. You one provided on the ProDOS System an extra two-digit hexadecimal don't have to use the Proofreader to Utilities disk. number at the start of each program enter listings, but doing so greatly As soon as you finish typing the line in Applesoft BASIC program reduces the chance of making a Proofreader, save at least two listings. This extra number is a typo. copies. This is very important, be checksum to be used with the "Apple cause the Proofreader erases the Automatic Proofreader" utility. Getting Started BASIC portion of itself when you When you type in a program using First, type in the Apple Automatic run it, leaving only the machine lan the Automatic Proofreader, you can Proofreader program following this guage portion in memory. July 1985 COMPUTE! 75 Now type RUN and hit RE ry starting at address 768 ($300 upgraded, but this would mean that TURN. The Proofreader clears the hexadecimal). This location is out of checksums in previously published screen, loads the machine language BASIC's way, but a lot of other pro listings would be incompatible with routine, displays the message grams use this same place for their the new Proofreader. PROOFREADER ACTIVATED , machine language subroutines. Dis The Apple Automatic Proof erases the BASIC portion of itself, able the Proofreader to avoid reader detects almost every possible and ends. If you type LIST and press conflicts. typing mistake, including transposi RETURN, you'll see that no BASIC Abbreviated instructions on us tions, missing or extra characters, program is in memory. The com ing the Proofreader-and a listing of accidental control characters, and puter is ready for you to type in a the Proofreader program itself-will incorrect line numbers. Typing COM new BASIC program. appear each month in the section PUTE! programs into your Apple "COMPUTE!'s Guide to Typing In computer has never been easier. Entering Programs Programs." Once the Proofreader is activated, Apple Automatic Proofreader you can begin typing in a BASIC How It Works program as usual. Every time you 10 C = 0: FOR I = 768 TO 768 + When the Applesoft BASIC inter 68: READ A:C = C + A: POKE I finish typing a line and press RE preter needs to get a line of input ,A: NEXT TURN, the Proofreader displays a from the keyboard, it calls a ma 20 IF C < > 7258 THEN PRINT "ER two-digit checksum number in the ROR IN PROOFREADER DATA STAT chine language routine in the Ap ENENTS": END upper-left corner of the screen. ple's Read Only Memory (ROM) 30 IF PEEK (190 a 256) < > 76 T Compare this checksum with the celled GETLN. GETLN, in tum, HEN POKE 56,0: POKE 57,3: CA checksum printed next to the corre calls the operating system to get a LL 1002: GOTO 50 40 PRINT CHRS <4l;"IN$1AS300" sponding line in the program listing. single keypress, which it stores in an 50 POKE 3 4,0: HONE: POKE 3 4,1: If the numbers match, you can be input buffer. If the RETURN key VTAB 2: PRINT "PROOFREADER pretty certain the line was typed was pressed, GETLN ends, leaving INSTALLED" 6 0 NEW correctly. Otherwise, check for your one new line for the BASIC inter 100 DATA 216,32,27,253,201,141 mistake and type the line again. preter in the input buffer. Other 110 DATA 208,60,138,72,169,0 A common mistake when en wise, it repeats the process, asking 120 DATA 72,189,255,1,201,160 tering BASIC programs on the Apple 130 DATA 240,8,104,10,125,255 for another keypress. 140 DATA 1,105,0,72,202,208 occurs when you accidentally press The operating system normally 150 DATA 238, 104,170,41,15,9 a key while holding down the con gets individual keystrokes from a 160 DATA 48,201,58,144, 2,233 trol (CTRL) key. This adds an invisi ROM routine called KEYIN, but the 170 DATA 57,141,1,4,138,74 180 DATA 74,74,74,41,15,9 ble control character to the line you Proofreader changes this. When the 190 DATA 48,201,58,144,2,233 are typing. If you don't find it before Proofreader is installed, the operat 200 DATA 57,141,0,4,104,170 you run the program, this stray ing system calls the checksum rou 210 DATA 169, 141, 96 © character may cause a syntax error tine instead, and the checksum or other mysterious behavior. Fortu routine asks KEYIN for a character. nately, the Proofreader detects the If any key other than RETURN was presence of these invisible control pressed, the checksum routine just THE AMAZING VOICE MASTER characters, displaying a checksum passes it on to the operating system, that doesn't match the one in the which gives it to GETLN. But if RE listing. So it's always a good idea to TURN was pressed, the checksum retype a line if the checksums don't routine examines the contents of match, even though you might not GETLN's input buffer, which now see any difference in the lines contains an entire line of input, to themselves. calculate the checksum that it dis The Proofreader ignores space plays at the top of the screen. characters, so you can omit spaces One very common typing mis between keywords and still see a take is transposition: typing two Three Exciting Products in One. matching checksum. Spaces are im successive characters in the wrong • apeech ••nlhMlzer Your Comout« can talk 10 you In rourown•olctl. portant only between the quotation order, like PIRNT instead of PRINT. • Word Rec09nltlon Make your compute r taiapond lo your epok.n command•. marks of PRINT statements or string A checksum program that merely • VoJce Harp A totally new musical instrument nial you play •nd compoae by humm6ng. assignments. If you accidentally adds the codes of the characters in a Based upon new technologies invented by COVOX. Per type too many spaces or leave some line can detect only the presence or formance is equal to other systems costing lhousands of dollars more. One low price buys the entire syslem. out, this is the only mistake the absence of a character, not transpo Proofreader won't catch. For this sition errors. The Commodore and ONLY $89.951_...i-i reason, you should be extra careful Atari versions of the Automatic Av•llab6t trom )'OU' o.ei.t or Dy mail. When oroenng by malt, ~ when entering text within quotes. Proofreader-the first Proofreaders lnciude MOO ahlpOlng ano handling (110.00 ior kw'"On Oldef11 can (503) 342·1271 tor • t.iephone demonsuation •nd ordering Before running another BASIC introduced-have this problem. Be lnlorm.mtk>n. VISA Of MC accepted. FREE bfoctlure 1tV•1iable. program, it's a good idea to tum off cause the Apple Proofreader uses a the Proofreader by holding down more sophisticated formula to com . CTRL while pressing the RESET pute checksums, it alerts you to aMJX INC. 67~0 Conger Slree1, Eugene, OR 97.cJl button. The machine language part transposed keystrokes. Other ver @Tolex 7tle017 (AY Al.ARM UO) of the Proofreader is kept in memo sions of the Proofreader could be 76 COMPUTE! July 1985 Moving Memory With ROM For 64 and VIC-20 Thomas Henry Add zing to BASIC programs on your and database management it's often HOME. If you are using a Commo Commodore 64 or VIC-20 by calling necessary to shift blocks of data dore 64, enter the following line in machine language routines built into from one location to another. Add direct mode (with no line number) the computer's operating system. This ing a sentence while word process and press RETURN: article shows how to use machine lan ing is much like adding a line in FOR J=55296 TO 56295:POKE guage block move routines from BASIC: Everything above the inser J,l:NEXT BASIC. tion point has to move up. If you're using an unexpanded VIC Block mo,ves are also handy in or one with 3K memory expansion, graphics applications. The usual enter this line in direct mode: first step in redefining characters is You may not realize it, but your FOR J = 38400 TO 38905:POKE to copy the existing character set J,O:NEXT Commodore computer has a trea from ROM into RAM where it can sure trove of built-in machine lan be altered. Moving the 204B-byte For a VIC with BK or more expan guage routines stored in ROM (Read character set takes about 30 seconds sion, use the following instead: Only Memory). The computer's in BASIC, and less than a second FOR J=37888 TO 38393:POKE ROM operating system is actually a with the ROM routine. J,O:NEXT large machine language program Want to modify the BASIC on Run Program 1 and enter the with numerous subroutines-each your 64? The first step is to copy all following values in response to the performing a different task such as BK of BASIC ROM into underlying three prompts: displaying characters, opening or RAM, another case where a ma START END NEW closing files, and so on. While chine language block move saves a they're designed for internal use, 64 0 999 1024 lot of time. VIC O 505 7680 many of these routines can be used (unexpanded) in BASIC programs, too. Putting ROM To Work VIC 0 505 4096 One very useful ROM routine Program 1 demonstrates how to use (8K or more expansion) performs a block move of memory, the ROM block move routine from The screen fills with characters transferring the contents of one area BASIC. Commodore 64 users from the lowest 1,000 bytes (506 of memory to a new location. The should enter and save the program bytes on the VIC) of the computer's system calls this routine whenever exactly as listed. If you are using a memory. The block move itself is you add a line in the middle of a VIC-20, change the number in line nearly instantaneous-the bytes are BASIC program: To clear space for 10 to 50156. When you run Program transferred in less time than the the new line, all of the program lines 1, it prompts you to enter three val BASIC program takes to perform the above the insertion point are moved ues: the starting and ending ad preliminary calculations. to higher memory locations. The up dresses of the block you want to per part of the program shifts up move (source block), and the start Adding To BASIC ward as one large chunk or block, ing address of the location where This program is easy to incorporate hence the name block move. Since you want the block to go (the desti as a subroutine in your own BASIC the ROM routine is written in ma nation block). programs. The variables S, E, and N chine language, it can move thou Let's try a simple, graphic ex represent the source block starting sands of bytes in less than one blink ample: moving a block of low mem address, source block ending ad of the cursor. ory upward into screen memory to dress, and new destination starting What other times are block make it visible on the screen. Clear address, respectively. All that's moves useful? In word processing the screen by pressing SHIFT-CLR/ needed is to replace the three July 1985 COMPUTE! 77 INPUT statements with statements forth until every byte has been Please refer to " COMPUTEl's Gulde to Typing In that define these variables directly moved. Programs" before entering these listings. (S=24576 or whatever) and add a Program 1: ROM Block Move RETURN statement at the end. Moving Downward 10 D=41964:REM CHANGE TO 50156 Transferring bytes in top-to-bottom FOR VIC :rem 27 Note that line 30 adds 1 to the 20 INPUT "START";S :rem 82 source block ending address (E). order is fine for upward moves, but 30 INPUT "END(2 SPACES}";E:E=E Since the ROM routine does not unsuitable for downward moves of +l :rem 235 copy, the last byte of the source overlapping blocks. In that situation 40 INPUT "NEW(2 SPACES}";N the ROM routine will just ripple :rem 171 block, you must always add one to 50 L=E-S:EN=L+N :rem 130 this address. The variable L is the higher bytes into lower ones (re 60 A%=L/256:A=L-256*A%:rem 127 length of the source block, comput member, this only matters when the 70 B%=(EN-A)/256:B=EN-256*B%-A blocks overlap). :rem 62 ed by subtracting S from E. Lines 80 C%=(E-A)/256:C=E-256*C%-A 60-80 of the program convert the Unfortunately, the ROM does :rem 166 three addresses into the low byte/ not contain a downward move rou 90 POKE781,A%+l:POKE782,A high byte format used by the micro tine that works for general memory :rem 157 transfers. When a BASIC program 100 POKE91,C%:POKE90,C:rem 255 processor when executing machine 110 POKE89,B%:POKE88,B :rem 12 language. Line 120 enters the ROM line is deleted, the top of the pro 120 IFA=0THENSYS(D+7):END routine at the correct spot in cases gram is moved down over the de :rem 6 where the starting address is a mul leted line. But the ROM code that 130 SYS(D) :rem 40 tiple of 256 (located on an even does this job can't be called as a Program 2: Downward Block memory page boundary). separate routine, and is useful only Move for moving linked BASIC lines. Lines 90- 110 pass the low byte/ 5 D=828:REM ML IS RELOCATABLE, high byte addresses to the ROM To solve this problem, Program CHANGE 828 TO NEil ADDRESS routine by POKEing them into ap 2 creates a machine language rou :rem 208 tine that moves overlapping blocks 10 FORJ=DTOD+l8:READA:POKEJ,A: propriate locations. Locations 781 NEXT :rem 19~ and 782 pass the destination block of memory downward without rip 20 INPUT"START"iS:S=S-1 starting address to the ROM routine pling. Since the machine language is :rern 205 relocatable, you can put the routine 30 INPUT"END";E :rem 142 via the micfoprocessor's X and Y 40 INPUT"NEI/" ; N:N=N-1 : rem 28 registers. Since the program added 1 in any other suitable location by 50 L=E-S :rem 179 to the source block ending address, changing the address in line 5. The 60 A%=L/256:A=256-L+256*A% line 100 adds 1 to the destination same address-storing locations are :rem 71 used as in Program 1; follow the 70 IFA=256THENA=0:A%=A%-l block ending address as well. :rem 143 directions outlined above. 80 B%=(N-A)/256:B=N-256*B%-A Direction Is Critical Note that this routine will not :rem 181 When the source and destination move blocks correctly within zero 90 C%=(S-A)/256:C=S-256*C%-A areas do not overlap, you're free to page (the lowest 256 bytes of mem :rem 195 100 POKE781,A%+l:POKE782,A use the ROM routine for either up ory). That's not a serious limitation, :rem 197 ward or downward moves. When since it's hard to think of a reason to 110 POKE91,C%:POKE90,C :rem 0 the two areas overlap, however, you move zero page memory downward. 120 POKE89,B%:POKE88,B :rem 13 130 SYSD :rem 215 must consider the direction of the To move zero page memory up 140 DATA177,90,145,88,200,208, move, and transfer bytes in the ward, use the routine in Program 1. 249,230,91,230 :rem 172 proper order. The more you work with these. 150 DATA89,177,90,145,88,202,2 To illustrate, let's say you want routines, the more uses you'll find 08,242,96 :rem 200 (§ to move a five-byte block upward for them. For example, the rippling one byte in memory, from locations effect described above is undesir 3M Diskettes 300-304 to locations 301-305. If able when you want to move a cor Lifetime Warranty you start moving bytes from the bot rect copy of one memory block to TIRED OF WAITING tom of the source block, the byte in another location. But you can take FOR SERVICE AND PRICE? location 300 is moved to location advantage of the rippling effect to 9 out of 10 SURVEYED 301. Then the byte in 301 moves fill a large block of memory with DISK BUYERS PREFERRED into 302, and so on. Can you see identical values. what will happen? The byte in 300 is Clearing a high-resolution NORTH HILLS copied or "rippled" all the way up graphics screen on the Commodore #1 IN SERVICE AND PRICE the block. 64, for instance, requires putting 1-800-328-3472 To avoid this problem, the 8,000 consecutive zero bytes in Formatted and hard sectored disks ROM routine always starts with the memory. It takes a mighty long time in stock-Dealer inquiries invited. last (highest) byte of the source to do 8,000 POKEs in BASIC, but COD, VISA, MASTERCARD block and copies downward. In the the ROM routine in Program 1 can All orders shipped within 24 hrs. above example, the ROM routine clear the screen in no time. Simply ~ N-( will start at the highest byte of the POKE a zero into the highest byte of source block (304) and transfer it to the hi-res screen, set the starting and NORTH HILLS CORP. INTERNATIONAL location 305, the top of the destina ending addresses to shift a block of 3564 Rolling View Dr. tion block. Then the byte in 303 7,999 bytes downward one byte Wh ile Bear Lake, MN . 55110 MN. call collecl-612·770-0485 would be copied into 304, and so from the top, and SYS to the routine. 78 COMPUTEI July 1985 Improving The Atari's Alphabet Rhe t Anderson Add true descenders to lowercase When redefining the character screen characters with this short set, it's necessary to move the char program for the Atari 400, 800, XL, acter data from ROM into RAM and XE computers. where it can be altered. Lines 30-90 of the demonstration program do this with a short machine language As you've probably noticed, some of routine taken from COMPUTE! the Atari's lowercase characters look Books' Mapping the Atari. a little strange on a TV or monitor screen. In most printing, the lower True lowercase descenders make Atari screen displays more readable. Improved Atari Alphabet case characters p, g, q, j, and y all Please refer to "COMPUTEl's Guide to Typing In have tails-known as descenders Programs" before entering this listing. that drop below the baseline of type. entirely in machine language, in "JS REM MOVE CHARACTER SET Lowercase descenders help the eye ~ 10 DIM BYTESC80) distinguish these characters from cludes true lowercase descenders as JA 20 MEM=PEEK C106 >-4: POKE 1 a built-in feature. 06,MEM-l:CHACT=MEM*256 others, and produce a more bal :GRAPHICS 0 anced visual effect. ANTIC Mode 3 LF2 5 PRINT :PRINT :PRINT" On Atari and other home com Cll SPACES>PLEASE WAIT" The demonstration program rede NN 311! FOR LOOP= 1 TO 32: READ puters, however, lowercase charac fines half of the standard character PGM1BYTES FS410 DATA 0,0,0 0 124,102,10 ments. If the values don't match, an 2,102,102 error message is printed and the PJ420 DATA 0,0,0,60,102,102 program stops. If the data is correct, ,102,60 PRINT statements can be laborious LS 4 3 0 DAT A 9 6 , 9 6 , 0 , 1 2 4 , 1 0 2 , to format if you're writing a program the following message appears: 102,124,96 that contains many text screens, AUTOPRINT IS NOW LOADED LINE Kl440 DATA 6,3,0,62, 102,102 NUMBER INCREMENT (1-255)7 ,62,6 such as those found in educational 00450 DATA 0,0,0, 124, 102,96 or instructional applications. You At this point, the program is ,96,96 have to repeatedly list, edit, and run waiting for you to specify the IC460 DATA 0,0,0,62,96,60,6 • 124 the program to make sure words amount by which the line numbers NP470 DATA 0,0,24,126,24,24 aren't improperly broken across of the successive PRINT statements '24' 14 screen boundaries, that lines aren't created by AutoPRINT will increase. C0480 DATA 0,0,0,102,102,10 scrolled out of view, and so on. 2,1''J2,62 If you simply press RETURN with AA 4 9 0 DAT A 0 , 0 , 0 , 1 0 2 , 1 0 2 , 1 0 Wouldn't it be nice if you could just out giving any input, the program 2,60,24 type the text on the screen as you will use an increment of 10. You 01500 DATA 0,0,0,99,107,127 wish it to appear, and then have it should then see the following ,62,54 M510 DATA 0,0,0,102,60,24, automatically added to your message: 60,102 program? TO ACTIVATE, TYPE SYS 51000 SF520 DATA 102,60,0,102 1 102 "Commodore 64 AutoPRINT" AND PRESS RETURN ,102,62,6 makes that possible. It is a machine ~530 DATA 0,0,0,126,12,24, language utility which automatical Character Graphics, Too 48,126 ly converts a screen display into You can load an existing BASIC pro HF 540 PR I NT " July 1985 COMPUTE! 81 Computers and Society David D. Thornburg Compilers, Interpreters, is compiled or interpreted than it is recursive nature of Logo programs And Flow: Part 1 by the language itself. I'm not sug and the dynamic "scoping" of vari gesting that the choice of program ables-the manner in which Logo For the next three months, this col ming language does not make a keeps track of values for variables umn is going to discuss program difference-it does. For example, that are used in different levels of a ming-not from the standpoint of the current interest in languages recursive procedure. the language that is used (although such as Logo and Pascal in educa The tradeoff in Logo is one of that will play a role), but rather from tion is finally allowing BASIC to ease of use. The structure of Logo the standpoint of the relationship take its well-deserved place in makes it an excellent choice for cre between the programmer and the history. ating programs ranging from expert creative programming environment. systems to new computer languages. The environment in which the pro The Envlronmental Impact But, while the language itself allows gram is created and operates can I believe the ability to establish a programmers to express magnificent determine our feelings about a lan good sense of flow with the pro programming ideas efficiently, the guage and even the type and com gramming process determines the operating environment associated plexity of the programs we write. enjoyability and subsequent feeling with most versions is so cumber Most of us have written pro of success when a program is com some that the language is rarely grams of our own at one time or pleted and is functioning properly. used to write large programs-they another. In all likelihood, we've My reasons for feeling this way just run too slowly. used a language like BASIC operat come from many observations over ing under a programming environ the years. For example, one of the A Logo Compller ment called an interpreter. An complaints I've heard about Logo is The solution is quite simple. In addi interpreter represents one of two that it is "slow" and a "memory tion to having an interpreter for cre major types of programming envi hog." A complaint I've heard about ating and testing procedures, the ronments. The other type is called a Apple's original Pascal is that it is a Logo programmer also should have compiler. From the user's perspec very hard programming language to access to a compiler that translates tive, these environments are quite use. A similar complaint has been the final program into object code different. leveled against Apple's version of for rapid execution. With an interpreter, you have PILOT (though not against Atari's When I brought up this topic at the ability to execute a program one version). the Logo 84 conference at the instruction at a time, fix mistakes on What are the bases of these Massachusetts Institute of Technol the fly, and tinker endlessly with the comments? None has anything to do ogy last year, I argued that without a program with no apparent penalty with the programming language it compiler, Logo would remain a in programming and testing time. self. In fact, each deals with the "gymnasium for the mind." Unlike When using a compiler, you typical programming environment-espe many people who use Logo purely ly create code with a text editor. cially whether the particular version as a child's introduction to program Once the program is finished, the of the language being described is ming, I need Logo to create pro compiler translates the listing interpreted or compiled. grams that would be very difficult to (called source code) into a form that For example, Logo's reputation write in any other language except can be executed by the computer for slowness and inefficient memory LISP. (called object code). One advantage use is a direct result of the fact that For reasons I have yet to under of compiled programs is that they most versions of Logo operate under stand, the established Logo vendors typically run many times faster than a highly interactive and flexible in argued that I shouldn't want a com interpreted programs. Two disad terpreter. Because Logo variables piler-that I should just wait for a vantages are that you generally lose can represent many different types faster interpreter. I was amused by the ability to easily check the opera of data (numbers, words, lists), and this response, because LISP compil tion of the program step by step as it Logo does not require (or allow) the ers have made it possible for these is written, and that programming user to specify the data type when companies to create commercial ver mistakes are often uncovered only defining a variable name, each use sions of Logo in the first place. during compilation (a potentially of a variable must have its type Fortunately, one vendor has lengthy process). checked prior to performing an op created a Logo compiler for a per I think a programmer's interac eration, and this takes time. Other sonal computer. Next month we'll tion with a language can be influ time-consuming aspects of inter explore the benefits of this new enced more by whether the program preted Logo have to do with the Logo environment. ~ 82 COMPUTEI July 1985 1111~~~n a~~~ il~ E ~ i ~side the Computer Here Come The Toy kit form), Maxx Steele, Andy, and Robotsl Elami all come with distinct person Toy Fair was a vertical conference alities. HEROjr is the most lovable staged this spring in three Manhat and absent-minded of the robots. tan skyscrapers, buffeted by howling, He recites nonsense rhymes, mis blustery winds and giant raindrops takes dogs and cats for humans, or that appeared to be falling sideways. ders hamburgers and fries from the I attended Toy Fair to preview the bathroom sink, and sings "Old Mac new high-tech learning toys and ro Donald Has a Robot" to the waste bots that will appear on toy store paper basket. shelves this fall. Hasbro Bradley and Children can play games like Tonka Toys have the most widely Moon Ball with Maxx Steele and known robots-the Transformers teach him to play their own musical and the GoBots. But there are also compositions. They can break dance many other toy robots, including: with Omnibot (using the cassette recorder built into his chest). And • Maxx Steele & Robo-Force Robots they can play robot-tag with Elami from CBS/Ideal Toys. Maxx Steele is a two-foot tall robot with and go on make-believe maze ad a 150-word vocabulary and 20 prepro • Robotix construction kits from ventures like "Journey to the Crystal grammed phrases. His claw is nearly as Hasbro. Mines." flexible as a human wrist. • "Bot" family of robots from Tomy-The Pocketbots, Dingbot, The builder-kit robots-like the Flipbot, Chatbot, Owlbot, Verbot, Movits, the Erector Set Maxx Steele Omnibot, and Omnibot 2000. robots, the Robo Strux, and the • Tomy's Robo-Strux robot construc Robotix-are appealing because tion kits. they let you and your children build • MOVIT family of build-it-yourself a robot on your own. And, although robots from OWL they are challenging, the kits take only a couple of hours to assemble, • Petsters (Dogster & Catster), and require no soldering or special Compu-robot, Andy the Personal skills. ity Robot, and Talkabot from Axlon. • Elami "robot friends" from North American Robotics. I think robot toys will become the first real robots to enter people's homes as true consumer products. Toy companies are putting their ro bots on the market only after exten sive product testing for safety, ease of use, durability, and play value. Andy the Personality Robot has a pro grammable personality and can be con They also realize that robots are trolled with a Commodore 64 or Atari unlike other appliances in the home home computer. and are more like toys. Today's ro bots have little functional value, but, Even the inexpensive robot toys as a toy, they can provide hours of have personality. The Transformers, enjoyment and learning. The real the GoBots, and the Robo-Force Tomy's Omnibot 2000 has a remote con magic of robots is when they appear action-figure robots all have names, troller and retails for about $500. © lifelike, "petlike," and loaded with comic books, and heroic storylines personality. that take children (and parents) on The more costly robot toys, like life-or-death missions to faraway Omnibot, HEROjr (also available in galaxies and the remote future. July 1985 COMPUTE! 83 For-Next: Part 3 10 FOR X= l TO 10 To make this routine sum up all 20 PRINT the checks written in a year, you In the past two columns, we've dis 30 PRINT "OUTER LOOP #";X could simply surround it with a cussed how to construct FOR-NEXT 40 PRINT 50 FOR Y=l TO 10 FOR-NEXT loop that performs 12 loops and apply them in practical 60 PRINT "INNER LOOP #";Y passes. Add or change these lines: ways to automate repetitive tasks. 70 FOR Z= l TO 200 5 FOR Z= l TO 12 80 REM DELAY LOOP But you might be surprised to learn 8 SUM = O 90 NEXT Z that another very common use of 80 PRINT "AMOUNT FOR MONTH FOR-NEXT is to make a loop which 100 NEXT Y ";Z;" IS $";SUM 110 NEXT X does absolutely nothing. 90 YR = YR + SUM Sounds crazy, doesn't it? Why This program looks so unusual 100 NEXT Z that the best way to understand 110 PRINT "TOTAL FOR YEAR IS would anybody write a routine $";YR which does nothing? Okay, so I ex what's going on is simply to run it. aggerated a little. These kind of The PRINT statements will tell you Line 5 begins the outer loop. loops don't do absolutely nothing. which loop is executing during each Line 8 is necessary to clear out the They just make the computer idle in pass; notice how the inner loop exe value of SUM for each monthly cal neutral for a few moments. cutes ten times for each pass of the culation. Line 80 prints the total Suppose your program needs to outer loop. amount for each month. Line 90 pause for a brief period. Perhaps it is The key point here is the NEXT creates a new variable, YR, to keep a displaying a title screen, or printing statements at lines 90, 100, and 110. running total of the yearly amount. instructions that are scrolling off the Observe how the Z delay loop is Line 100 repeats the outer loop. And screen too fast for people to read. nested completely within the Y line 110 prints the final total of all One answer is a delay loop: loop, which in turn is nested com the checks written during the year. Next month we'll continue our 10 FOR X= l TO 1000 pletely within the X loop. If you 20 NEXT X change the order of the NEXT state discussion of FOR-NEXT by show ments, the program won't work. ing how to make long-legged loops You simply insert this loop Nested loops are handy when and even backward loops. © wherever you want the delay. The you need to insert a delay loop with computer spins its wheels for 1,000 in a larger loop that is doing some passes and then carries on. By thing else too quickly. Another changing the size of the loop, you application is embedding a smaller can force a delay for a fraction of a repetitive routine within a larger re second or a minute or more. petitive routine. For instance, let's Loops Within Loops take another look at the checkbook As yet another example of the flexi routine in last month's column. It bility of FOR-NEXT, you can also adds up all the checks written in a put a loop within a loop, or even a month: loop within a loop within a loop 10 PRINT "HOW MANY CHECKS within a loop. These are called nest THIS MONTH"; 20 INPUT CH ed loops. However, there's a rule you 30 FOR X= l TO CH have to follow to avoid confusing 40 PRINT "AMOUNT OF CHECK"; your computer (not to mention 50 INPUT AM yourself). Each related FOR and 60 SUM = SUM+AM 70 NEXT X NEXT must be completely con 80 PRINT "TOTAL AMOUNT IS tained within the loop immediately S";SUM surrounding it: 84 COMPUTEI July 1985 8s"v,· SSDD s14.~·;~ ":.. ,~1 ~.~ .. S12Qty . 20 s1os ~~~ · ssDD s115ea. Qty. 50 51/.. DSOD Qty. 50 sv.· SSDD ·96TPI .... $2.29 ea. 514· OS00-96TPI .... $2.85 ea. 5'1• SSDD-96TPI - S1.46 ea. 5II' DSDD·96TPI - $1.75 ea. SOFT SECTOR ONLY! MINIMUM ORDER: 20 DISKETTES PACKED IN CARDBOARD CASES! These arepoly-bagged diskettes packaged with Tyvek sleeves. 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CALL Bank St. Writer ...... 42.75 Songwnter . . . $24.75 Simon's Basic ...... 24.75 C/01 Wro1e Now ...... 29.95 1050 Drlve ...... 169 The Prinl Shop ...... 29.95 Assembler 64 ...... 34.75 1010 Recorder ...... 44 Picturewril . . . $24.75 C/02 Wrile Now· 64 ... 39.95 Serp ent's Star ...... 24.75 Super Expander ...... 22. 75 1020 ...... 55 Phi Bela F . ·. S32 .75 D/01 Mail Now· 64 .. .. 29.00 1025 ...... 185 ~r:~~gk_e,r :: ::::.:::::::::: ::: rn : §~ Logo 64 ...... 49 .75 1027 ...... 239 Mastertype .. . $24.75 Pilot 64 ...... 38.75 D/04 Spell Now· 64 . . 29.00 850...... 109 Ru n f Money S32 7 5 Easy Cale ...... 34.75 D/02 Ul ihly Desk ...... 19.95 BUSINESS Nel Worth . SS • 75 Easy Script...... 38.75 CSD·t 0 1skOrive(new) .. CALL C 64 Compuler ...... CALL MOD· t Modern (new) ... CALL VISICALC SI 59 7 5 Mlcroprose SYNAPSE C 1541 Disk Drive ...... 195 D/03 Tax Payer (new) 27 95 . (ATARI ) LETIER PERFECT R 59 00 Solo Fhghl $22 75 MPS 801 Printer ...... 175 Synflle ...... 34.95 D/07CalcNow/641neWJ . 27.95 DATA PERFECl S89 75 NATO S22 75 C 1702 Monitor ...... 209 Syncalc ...... 34 .95 Sp11tire S22 95 C 1:l31 Datasette ...... 39.75 D/08 Super Printer Ul1hly .. Syncomm ...... 27.95 FILE MANAGER S69 75 C 1660 Auto Modem ...... 85 D/08 Super Printer Syntrend ...... 27.95 HOME FILE MGR S6 9 75 F·t5Stroke S2275 Synchron ...... 27.95 Alf Rescue S22 7 S Uhhly ...... 27 .95 Synslock ...... 27.95 SS1 CK/1 Numeric Key Pad . . . 34.95 (C-64) SSI DC/1 Dala Casselle .... 39.95 ADVENTURE Baseba ll Computer Baseball ...... 24 .75 $22 75 CB/ 5 5 Slol .. · · Questron Field of Fire ...... 24.75 SCARBOROUGH Bi~r~eD lsassemtiier J§ : §~ S26 75 Board C·64 ...... 54 .00 Germany 1985 Compuler Ouarlerback .. 24.75 Ne! 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S26. 75 (Joysticks) Graph ics Tablet HES Kil ...... 29.95 Fahrenhe11 451 . $26.75 KOALA 15-9714 Bat Handle ...... t 6. 99 M1lhona1re .. .. 23.95 Suoersketch $49 95 (C-64) Amazon S26. 75 50-2002 Super 3-way ....19.99 64 Forth ...... 24.95 72-4545 Trackball ...... 29.99 Kola la S84 95 Koala Pad ...... 59.95 HES Wriler 64 ...... 24.95 MICROPOSE Tlmeworka Solo Flight ...... 22.75 'lnvenlory ...... $32.75 NATO ...... 22.75 Spitfire Ace...... 19 95 Sates . . $32.75 F-1 5 Strike Eagle 22.75 ~---: MODEMS :--- ACCIS Rec ...... S32 75 Accts Rec ...... $32.75 G. Ledger .. ... $39.75 CONTINENT AL MICROBITS TELE LEARNING Dala Mgr ...... $14.75 Home Accountan1...... 44.75 MPP 1000 E IAlari) 99.0U CM-250 CC-64) ...... 65.00 Checkbook . .. $14 75 t9 85 Book of Alalri Soltware 16.95 MPP 1064 iC-64 . 69 .95 AP-250 {l>.ppfe) ...... 109.95 IB-250 (IBM) ...... 109.95 Siar Sallie ... $14.75 Cave of Word ...... St8.75 SUBLOGIC HAYES . Microprose Flight Simulalor 11 ...... 32.75 Smartmodem 300...... t89 CARDCO MOD- t (C-64 ) CA LL Sol o Fllghl .... S22.75 Night Mission Pinball .. ... 18.75 Smartmoden t200 . ... 459 NESTRIDGE iC-64) ...... CALL NATO .$22.75 Smartm oden 1200B ...... 389 MITEY MO !C-64) ...... CALL PERSONAL M1cromodem llE...... 249 1660 AUTO MODEM (C-64)...... 85 Spitfire ...... $ 19.95 M1cromodem tOO ...... 289 COMPUSERVE ...... 23.95 F·l 5 Slroke .. $22.75 PERIPHEIALS 1 Super Sketch·Alaro ...... 32 95 ~~~r7°8~~~ 1 " . "'". ~~ Air Rescue $22.75 LOWEST PRICES! * SUPER SPECIAL! * MONITORS...______* *_ AMDEK TAXAN 300 Green ...... 125 210 Color RBG ...... 249 300 Amber ...... 139 NEC 115 Green ...... 119 310 Amber IBM ...... 155 SAKATA JB-1260 Green ...... 95 116 Amber ...... 125 Color 300 Audio ...... 245 SC-tOO Color 2t9 JB-1201 Green ...... 135 ZENITH 400 Color RGB ...... 275 Color 500 Composile ...... 369 STS t Stand.. . 29 JC 1215 Color ...... 235 ZVM 122A Amber ...... 84 41 0 Color RGB ...... 339 Color 600 ...... 429 SG tOOO Green .. 99 JC 1216 RGB ...... 375 ZVM 123G Green ...... 75 420 Color IBM ...... 429 Color 700 ...... 495 SA tOOO Amber 109 JCt460 Color ...... 265 ZVM 124 Amber IBM ...... 129 121 Green IBM ...... 139 Color 710 ...... 569 JB-1205 Amber ...... 139 ZVM 131 Color...... 275 122 Amber IBM ...... 145 PRINCETON GRAPHICS ZVM 133 RGB ...... 389 MAX-12 Amber .. . 189 GORILLA ZVM 135 Composite ...... 449 PANASONIC HX-12 RGB ...... 475 12" Green ...... 78 ZVM 136 Hi Res Color .... . 589 X·TRON OT 1300 RG 1 composile ..... 329 SR-12 RGB ...... 599 2" Amber ...... 84 Comcolor I Compo,11e Gr TO ORDER AMERICA'S MAIL ORDER HEADQUARTERS CALL TOLL FREE 800-233-8760 LYCO COMPUTER In PA 1 717·327·1824 Lyco Computer WORLD'S LEADER IN SALES & SERVICE P.O. Box 5088 Jersey Shore, PA 1'i 740 Saving Money With E-Mail 7: called prompts. Line editors computer quickly enters the text into There are tricks to conserving your usually BB COMPUTE! July 19B5 liil~~~ . T~~rsonal Computing An Old-Fashioned whether to tum the computer off or you generate another phone list, Database answer the phone or what. It's you can live with a few drawbacks. I lose telephone numbers. I scribble amazing how a computer can make The program does make it easy to them on magazines, scraps of paper, dialing a phone number so compli format the information on the Rolo counter tops-any place that's cated, although I suppose many dex cards. A card outline is dis handy-but when I go back to find people probably use these programs played on the screen and a simple them .... every day and love them. full-card editor lets you enter text in a what-you-see is what-you-get Rolodex To The Rescue manner. What was once only an incon I decided the best solution to my venience has become a financial an problem was a manual database of Easy Updating noyance now that the phone phone numbers, such as a Rolodex. One nice feature of Compucard is company is charging 50 cents for In case you've never had one, a that it automatically stamps two long-distance directory assistance. Rolodex is a device with 2 x 4-inch dates on each card-one for the date Now that it costs more to get the cards attached to a drum so you can the record was originally entered number than it does to actually quickly flip from card to card. Its and another for the last update. place some calis, I figured I might chief disadvantage is that after Every so often you can print out new save money by using one of those heavy use the cards wear out and copies of only those records most desk-management programs. must be recopied. recently updated. When all the cards These programs run usually in The Rolodex Corporation are worn out, it takes only a few the background, which means they hasn't sat on its corporate hands minutes to print a new set. hide in the computer's memory until while being challenged with new Compucard lets you enter two they're needed. In the meantime, fangled computer software. Rolo file tabs for each record. On my you can use Lotus 1-2-3 or Volks dex's Compucard program ($49.95) Rolodex, I use one for the alphabeti writer or almost any other program. turns an IBM PC into an electronic cal name and the second for a generic Then, when you want to jot down a Rolodex. Although this may be great classification. Which brings us to an phone number, you press an unusu for a corporate phone operator, it's important point about creating a al key combination-say Ctrl-Shift no better than the desk-management database-any database. Alt-and your desk-management software for me. Maybe worse-it It is essential to think through menu pops on the screen. Pops up doesn't run in the background. the classifications and organization right on top of your 1-2-3 spread But Compucard can also be used of data before entering it. Once sheet or whatever you were doing. to generate and maintain an old you've settled on a plan, test it. Use Once you've finished, everything fashioned hardcopy Rolodex. Once the data for a few days before you hustles back into memory and you you've entered all your numbers enter hundreds of records. With can pick up where you left off. and addresses in the program, you most database systems, it is not Great idea. can print them on continuous-form easy-and sometimes impossible These programs often have oth Rolodex cards. It's easy to make a to change the organization and er features like a calculator, a note copy for each phone, or a copy for classification of the data once it's book, a calendar, and a phone each salesperson, or a copy for each entered. dialer. (To use the dialer, the com branch office. According to the book In One puter must be connected to a modem Compucard is not what I would Day by Tom Parker (Houghton Miff and a phone line.) call a well-designed program. For lin, 1984), your name and my I tried it, but it wasn't for me. In example, it's sold with a default name-all our names-pop up in the first place, I wasn't usually at the setting that requires two disk drives. computer memory 35 times every computer when I wanted to make a This can be changed so that the day! Please don't add needlessly to call or write down a number. In the program and data can be on the the computer clutter by having your second place, I could look the num same disk, but you can't make the computer do things that are better ber up and punch it out on the change unless you can get the pro done by hand. Sometimes the old phone faster than I could go through gram to run in the first place, and it methods-or the old methods with all the desk-management rigmarole. won't run without two drives. Is that some computer assistance-are the And in the third place, it seemed like logical? best. © every time I got the cursor posi Nevertheless, since you only tioned on the number I wanted, the need to use Compucard each time phone would ring. I wasn't sure July 1985 COMPUTEI 89 Programming the Tl C. Regena Using Tl Logo II Versatile Sprite The main disappointment I had Logo is probably the most popular Commands with TI Logo II was that the sample second language on TI computers Sprites (smoothly moving screen programs that came on the disk and (after BASIC). That's because TI objects) are a feature of TI Logo that cassette were created with Logo I Logo is a versatile, entertaining lan children really enjoy. Thirty-two and did not exploit the music fea guage, especially for young people. sprites are available. You can use the tures. Following is a program which If you liked TI Logo, you'll like TI five predefined shapes, or you can illustrates music and sprite Logo TI even better. create your own with MAKESHAPE. animation. TI Logo II adds several improve You may SETCOLOR (16 colors to ments. It's compatible with any kind choose from) and SETHEADING to of printer, thermal or RS-232 (the position the sprite. You can move old Logo could only use the thermal certain distances with the regular printer). TI Logo II uses sprites as turtle commands such as FOR before, but now you can make them WARD and LEFT. Or you can SET big or small. It also has three SPEED, which continuously moves channel music capabilities. an object. And you can FREEZE and You can save both procedures THAW sprites. Logo II also has the and custom characters on cassette or commands BIG and SMALL. disk. TI Logo II requires the 32K SMALL is the original sprite size; Memory Expansion. BIG makes them twice as large. This TI Logo II comes with a large means greater fun with sprite loose-leaf binder, a 200-page man animation. ual, a TI Sampler booklet of proce Music is the main reason I dures and educational activities, a bought TI Logo II . Like regular TI MAKESHAPE6 sample disk in a vinyl loose-leaf BASIC, there are three voices avail holder, a sample cassette, and the able plus a noise generator and actual Logo cartridge in a plastic drum. You can execute other com holder that fits in the binder. mands while music is playing, The manual has been revised which enables you to synchronize since the first version of TI Logo. It is the music with animated graphics. well illustrated and has plenty of The MUSIC command consists sample procedures. Chapter 12 is a of numbered notes and numbers glossary of Logo Primitive Com which represent the rhythm or dura mands. If you are familiar with other tion of the notes. You may also SET versions of Logo and just need a TE MP O and choose between quick reference guide, this section is STACCATO and LEGATO. PM or a big help. There is also a one-page PLAYMUSIC will play the music Keyboard Reference Guide which you have put in the music buffer MAKESHAPE7 summarizes the key functions. If with either the MUSIC command or you need the details of a command, a series of NOTE commands. You there is a comprehensive index. may also SET VOLUME, and of Custom Shapes course add a DRUM rhythm accom First you want to define some cus paniment. The manual gives de tom shapes. Type MAKESHAPE 6 tailed instructions on how to use and copy the spider pattern. Next MUSIC. MAKESHAPE 7 for the other pat tern. When the grid appears, use the arrow keys to move around. When you want to blacken a square, press the FCTN key as you move. 90 COMPUTE! July 1985 Now type in the following pro CorComp has developed several HOME FORWARD 20 RIGHT 120 FORWARD 15 cedures. Feel free to use the two kinds of peripherals, along with a REPEAT 3 CRT 30 FD 15 RT 60 FD 151 1e tter abbreviations . SS is number of other companies. RT 30 FD 15 SETSPEED and designates how fast And, of course, all the COM PU HOME FORWARD 25 PD RIGHT 120 FORWARD 20 a sprite will go. SH is SETHEAD PUTE! books for the TI are still REPEAT 3 CRT 3 0 FD 19 RT 60 FD 191 ING and points the sprite in a cer available. If you don't see them in RT 30 FD 20 tain direction. CARRY indicates the larger bookstores, you may or PU HOME FD 3 2 PD RIGHT 120 FORWARD 24 which shape number the sprite der directly from COMPUTE!. REPEAT 3 CRT 30 FD 24 RT 60 FD 241 should be. SC is SETCOLOR for the Thanks to all of you who wrote RT 30 FD 25 color of the sprite. PU and PD are to ask if the algebra tutorial pub END PENUP and PENDOWN. lished for the TI in the October 1984 TO SPIDER To run the program, type SPI COMPUTE! is available for the Com CS CM DER and press ENTER (in command modore 64. The answer is now yes. I TELL :ALL SC 0 mode). CS clears the screen and CM do write for a variety of computers, FREEZE clears the music buffer. WAIT is a but this column describes the TI ver HOME TELL TURTLE command to wait a certain time sion only. HIDETURTLE before executing more statements in HOME the procedure. I used WAIT to help Spider For Tl Logo II TUNE1 TUNE2 TUNE2 TUNE! PM choreograph the graphics with the TO CM WEB SETVOICE 0 TELL SPRITE 6 music. If you get the message OUT SETVOICE 1 CARRY 6 OF INK while the web is being END SH 180 drawn, simply type SPIDER again FD 30 TO TUNE! SH 0 and ENTER. You may save your MUSIC C0 5 5 5 7 9 91(1 2 2 1 SC 1 characters and procedures on disk or 2 2 1 THAW tape. To reload it later, use the com MUSIC (5 7 5 7 9 51(1 2 2 1 41 SS 1 END TELL SPRITE 7 SS 0 HOME mand RECALL. To get a hard copy CARRY 7 WAIT 200 SH 0 FD 80 listing, use PRINTOUT. TO TUNE2 MUSIC (9 9 10 12 12 10 9 10 12 9 SH 180 SC 4 SS 10 TELL SPRITE 8 1(2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 41 A Few Answers CARRY 7 SS 0 HOME I'm going to take just a little room END SH 0 FD 60 LEFT 90 FD 15 SH 180 SC 4 SS 10 WAIT 60 this month to answer some general TO SUN TELL SPRITE 6 SH 180 SS 10 questions I'm asked quite often. Yes, TELL SPRITE 9 CARRY :BALL WAIT 60 FREEZE Texas Instruments still services their SS 0 SH 0 FD 80 LEFT 90 FD 100 TELL SPRITE 7 SC 0 home computers, even though they SC 10 TELL SPRITE 8 SC 0 END WAIT 100 are no longer selling them. Call SUN WAIT 200 1-800-TI-CARES or write to the TO WEB TELL SPRITE 6 SH 0 SS 2 THAW Lubbock, Texas address listed in REPEAT B [FORWARD 45 BAC K 45 RIG END © your user's manual. HT 45 1 I still see Jots of third-party soft ware available. If you registered ~ [Il !jl @ IJ' rf~, -e-rf' Copy Atari 400/800/ XL Serles Cartridges to Disk your computer when you purchased ;;,..s~;.1 and run them from a Menu - ;;. \ Tr-"'""" it, you should be on various mailing . @ ii'O'" lists. Of course, it's a good idea to ATARI CARTRIDGE-TO-DISK COPY SYSTEM $69.95 Supercart lets you c:opy ANY cartridge for the Atan 400/ 8XJ / XL Senes 10 disii:ene, and thereafter run it keep in touch with a user group for from vour dis._ dove. Enrov the c::onvenience of setec11ng yaur favonte games from 1 "menu screen·· rather than swapping cartridges in and oul of your compu 1er . E.l.:h cartridge copied by Superc.art func ongoing information (and there are hons e1t1Jctly Ith tM o,,g1nol. Superc:art includn: • OISKETIE wllh: still many strong user groups). Most COPY PROGRAM - Copies 1he cartridge 10 o d1skeue lup 10 9 cartridges will 111 on one disk,) MENU PROGRAM · Automallcal/y runs end displays a menu prompting uMJr lor a ONE keystroke selection of any cartndge on 1he disk. of us who have written for the TI • CARTRIDGE: ''Tricks" the computer into thinking that the original "cocv protected" canridge has been still love the computer and will inserted . To date there hive been no problems duptic.a11ng and running d of the protected cartodges that we probably continue to write for it ltnow of. However, FRONTRUNNER canl'lOI gu1mntee the operation of all future c.mK>ge. Supercart is U5ef·friendly Ind simpkl to uH ano reou11es no modifications ol your hardware. PIRATES TAKE NOTE: forever. SUPERCART is no1 1nt1tnded fOf' fllegal copying and /or cfrstnbution of copyrUJtued aohwue...Sorrvlll SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: At1rt 400 / EIXJ or XL Sene.1 Compuutr I 48K Memory I One Ot$k Drive Add-on hardware for the Tl is Avahble at your computer store or direct lrom FRONTRUNNER. DE.ALER IN QUIRIES FNCOUR AGED TOU FREE ORDER LINE: 124 Hrs.) 1-IOCMMl--4780 /ln Nevtide or tor quost1ona Cal1 : f7D2 ) J'IS.'4800 still being developed and produced. Personal checks anow 2·3 weelts to c'ear . MICand VISA accep ted . Include $3.50 1$7.50 Fo1eign orders) for shipping. FRONTRUNNER COMPUTER INDUSTRIES 316 Californ~ Ave .. Suite n 12. Reno. Nevada 89509 . (7021 786-4600 Others Make Claims . . SUPERCAAT makes cop~s!!I ATARI It• ttM)em6n ol W1...., Commun.catlarlS lftC Bargain Basement of the computers, write-protect the stopping user No. 2 from zapping Networking disk, and then let each student boot user No. l's files . Etcetera. And From time to time a new product his/her own computer and start using there's certainly nothing to prevent comes to my attention which stands the appropriate material.5. Or the two users from trying to write to the above the rest in terms of per teacher can boot each computer-it same disk file at the same time. Lots formance and value. A recent ex would take only two or three min of potential problems. The easiest ample is the MicroNet from Micro utes. Reports on each student's per solution is to write software which is Peripheral Products (MPP) of Albany, formance could be kept on a second alert to the possible problems. Oregon. The MicroNet is a won disk or printed on the shared printer. For example, the MicroNet drously simple device that allows The total cost of this system, gives exclusive control of the disk you to connect up to eight Atari assuming eight computers? Look at drive to a single computer long computers (though not the new ST the chart below. Prices are rounded enough for it to create a file. A pro machines, yet) to a single printer up from retail, and an enterprising gram running on another computer and one or more disk drives. You dealer should be able to offer a sub could look for the existence of that simply connect a standard Atari se stantial discount on a package like file as a signal that it could not write rial cable (the kind that goes from this: to a certain database file . Sounds the computer to the disk drive, 8 800XL or 65XE computers . . . . . $ 800 clumsy, but many of the cheapie printer interface, etc.) from each 8 color TVs or monitors ...... $1600 time-sharing systems of the 1960s 2 disk drives ...... $ 400 and 1970s had this problem and computer to any of eight sockets on 1 fast printer ...... $ 400 the deceivingly small MicroNet box. 1 printer buffer ...... $ 200 solved it the same way. Then you connect a similar cable 1 MicroNet ...... $ 200 The MicroNet system can defi from the MicroNet to the drives and nitely be crashed if its users are hos printer, just as if the MicroNet were TOTAL $3600 t i I e, and that's one reason I an Atari computer. The result? All suggested that teachers write eight computers think the disk Cheaper Than Terminals protect their master disks before let drive(s) and printer are their very Surprised by the last two items? The ting all the clever kiddies take a own! Well . .. almost. printer buffer is recommended by crack at crashing it. (My own little This is not a sophisticated high MPP. By spooling printer data into seven-year-old knows that crashing speed network wi.th several mega the buffer at high speed, a single a disk means he doesn't get to play bytes of mass storage and an computer won't tie up the MicroNet on the computer for a while. He is automatic printer spooler online. It's bus for so long. And if you were now beautifully conscientious about still using the clunky 19,200-baud surprised at the low cost of the popping the disk before turning off Atari serial bus, slow enough when MicroNet, you read it correctly: The the power.) only one computer is using a drive. actual suggested retail price is only The MicroNet is obviously an With eight computers, you may $199.95. Hard to believe! economical solution to some prob have to wait eight times as long to That puts the per-station cost at lems. It is not all things to all people; read something from a disk (though $450, less than the price of a black but, at its price, it is certainly worth a delay this drastic is unlikely). And and white, nongraphics terminal on looking at. (For more information, what about printing? You sure don't a conventional time-sharing system. write to MPP at 225 Third Avenue want to use the slow Atari 1027 Or about one-third the cost per sta SW, Albany, OR 97321.) printer in this configuration! Still, tion of an Apple Ile network system. Next month: Part 1 of my long let's take a look at situations where Could the MicroNet be used for promised series on Atari input/out this system makes sense. business applications? Well, maybe. put. Theory and a little bit of First and most obvious is the A big fat maybe. The MicroNet pro practice. See you then. © classroom. A teacher can put the vides no file protection whatsoever. day's lessons on a disk from any one No password security. No way of 92 COMPUTE! July 1985 COMPUTE!'s Guide To Typing In Programs Before typing in any program, you should famil Atari 400/800/XL iarize yourself with your computer. Learn how to Wh11n you s.., Type s- use the keyboard to type in and correct BASIC 94 COMPUTE! July 1985 150 END 270 DELIMITER=INSTR =VALCL$):Ls =MID$ THEN GOSUB 560:GOTO 150 ELSE 15 UM = 620 IF SEL=eJ AND INSTR July 1985 COMPUTEI 95 ---Advertisers-- maxell DISKS lndex LIFETIME WARRANTY TIRED OF WAITING DDY§9lJ FOR SERVICE AND PRICE? 9 out of 10 SURVEYED Reader Service Number/Advertiser Page DISK BUYERS PREFERRED SoM your di..: probla-. buv ·~ ourface 102 Abacus Software .... 66-67 Bled i>,-n ~ AD onion ohlpped NORTH HILLS 103 Activision ...... 23 from otock. wllhln 24 houra. CaD loll'FREE (800) 235-4137 lor pl1oee ..ct lnformallon. #1 IN SERVICE AND PRICE 104 American PEOPLE/LINK ... 27 vi.a MCI MMc8 Can! ..a:epted. AD onlen 1-800-328-3472 Aprotek ...... 7 .m..-.soi>"'d. Batteries Included ...... 19 Formatted and hard sectored disks 105 Blackship Computer in stock-Dealer inquiries invited. Supply ...... 62 COD, VISA, MASTERCARD All orders shipped within 24 hrs. 106 Cardco, Inc...... IBC Commodore ...... BC ~ N{ 107 CompuServe ...... 5 ComputAbility ...... 53 NORTH HILLS CORP. INTERNATIONAL 108 Computer Direct ...... 63 3564 Roll ing View Dr. 109 Computer Mail Order . 34-35 White Bear Lake, MN . 5511 0 MN. call collect-612-770-0485 _1 ~ 0 Computer Peripheral Exchange ...... 29 i--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Computer Warehouse ... 51 111 Covox, Inc...... 76 Disk World! ...... 85 Electronic Arts ...... 9 First Class Peripherals .... 73 Classified Frontrunner Computer Industries ...... 91 Halix Institute ...... 13 PHONEMARK DATASETIES: C64, Plus4, Vic20. $$Money Maker'$$ 112 Harmony Video & $25.00 plus shipping. We are direct importers. Increase your income by hundreds and even Computers ...... 65 American Mercantile Co., 2450 ! st Ave. South, thousands of dollars. Money back guarantee! Seattle, WA 98134 (206)624-6141. (Apple, Macintosh, IBM) Free brochure: ICS Computer Training ... 65 1-800-223-5838 (305-771 -6498). 113 lnmac ...... 13 T.I. CHECKWRITER Letter code and dollar amount are all that's necessary to print ATARI USERS. 4 games on cassette, $25. 114 J & R Music World ...... 43 a complete check. Provides yearly totals Saucers + monsters, poker, sea finder, pinball. 115 Kimbertek, Inc ...... 81 for taxes. Disk $24.95. R.l.P. Software Write or call Keith Anderson, 8435 12th Ave., Lyco Computer ..... 86-87 248 Purisima Rd., Woodside CA 94062. Silver Spring. MD 20903 (301)434-0285. North Hills Corp...... 78 SCCENCE SOFTWARE with graphics for the DISK SERVICE MANUAL. Service floppies North Hills Corp...... 96 Commodore 64. Astronomy programs, etc. without special software or equipment. Catalog and demo disk $3. David Eagle, FREE information. Consumertronics-DSM, 116 Okidata ...... IFC-1 7952 W. Quarto Dr., Littleton, CO 80123. PO Drawer 537, Alamogordo, NM 88310. 117 Pacific Exchanges ...... 81 SAFEGUARD YOUR COMPUTER KEYBOARD Max MDl, $1.39-MD2, $ 1.99. Dys 104/ID, $ 1. 79 117 Pacific Exchanges ...... 96 from contaminants with OVERBYTE molded -104/20, $2.39. shipping $3.75. also Verbatim, 118 PDS Sports ...... 15 keyboard covers. $24.95 xparent & durable! IBM, 3M, BASF. TAPE WORLD, 220 Spnng St., Call (213)866-2583/send $2 further info. Butler, PA 16001, 1-800-245-6000, Visa, MC. 119 Prof . Jones ...... 14 OVERBYTE-P.O. Box 10652, Burbank, CA 91510. 120 Protecto ...... 58-61 REPLACEMENT POWER SUPPLIES FOR SOFTWARE PRITTECTOR 64. Copy and list C-64 or VIC-20 $29 ea. plus $3 shipping. 121 PSI ...... 1 1 protect your valuable Basic programs. 64 parts list $5- refundable w / !st order. 122 Quinsept. Inc ...... 13 Only $10 (disk only). Systems Software AA Computer, 2726 Park St., JAX, FL 32205. 44 Rte 25A #209, Smithtown, NY 11787. 123 RSR Manufacturing ...... 81 FREE! SHOP BY MODEM in our revolutionary 124 Strategic Simulations, Inc. 31 PINOCHLE for Commodore 64, PC and PCjr. electronic shopping mall. We even accept 125 subLOGIC Corporation ... 21 Real, double-deck, partnership pinochle credit cards! We have products YOU want! gives you a partner and two opponents! Call 1-800-840-8066 with your modem NOW! 126 Timeworks, Inc...... 2 On disk, $25 postpaid. Jim Bernard, 8018 Sunset Path Ct., Springfield, VA 22153. BUY-SELL-TRADE computers, hardware, soft ware. Announce clubs, BBS's etc. Send for lDWEST DISK PRICES-SS/DD with sleeve & free sample of Micro-Swap, the computer label-10/$8.80, bulk 100/$78. Ds/DD with classifieds. P.O. Box 24, Esmond, II 60129. COMPUTE! Books' New sleeve & label-10/$10.90, bulk 100/$99. Releases for the Apple 47 Prime quality major mfr's overstock! FIXED ASSET DEPRECIATION on C64 COMPUTE! Books' Tl Money-back satisfaction guarantee! Min Handles acrs and pre-acrs methods. $39.95. order $15. Pay by MC(Visa/AE, UNITECH For free info write: MPM Software Prods., Collection ...... 45 20 Hurley St. Cambridge, MA 02141 P.O. Box 3522, Glendale, CA 91201 . (800)343-0472, in Mass (617)864-8324. COMPUTE!'s Classified Ads . 49 COMPUTER OWNERS!!! Earn dollars and save COMPUTEl's IBM PC and PCjr HELP IS ON THE WAY! money with your computer. Write C&:D Books ...... 25 Just call 1-800-334-0868 to get your free Associates, Box 85 l, Mt. Prospect, [L 60056 COMPUTEl's Tool Kit: Kernal copy of the latest COMPUTE! Books Catalog! Specify computer type. No Investment!! lf you need help in getting information on Tl-99/4A SOFTWARE/HARDWARE bargains. and 128 Collection 37 all of the latest COMPUTE! book titles Hard-to-find items. Huge selection. Fast available plus all COMPUTE! backlist titles, COMPUTE! Subscription 33 service. Free catalog. D.E.C. Box 690, call us today! Hicksville, NY 11801. 96 COMPUTE! July 1985 COMPUTE!'s FREE Reader Information Service Use these cards to request FREE Information about the products ad vertised in this issue. Clearly print or type your full name and address. Only one card should be used per person. Circle the numbers that correspond to the key number appearing in the advertisers index. Send in the card and the advertisers will receive your inquiry. Al though every effort is made to insure that only advertisers wishing to provide product information have reader service numbers, COMPUTE! cannot be responsible if advertisers do not provide literature to readers. Please use these cards only for subscribing or for requesting product information. Editorial and customer service inquiries should be ad dressed to: COMPUTE!, P.O. Box 5406. Greensboro, NC 27403. Check the expiration date on the card to insure proper handling. Use these cards and this address only for COMPUTEl's Reader Infor mation Service. Do not send with payment In any form. COMPUTE! 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 11 5 11 6 117 11 8 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 20 7 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 21 7 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 22 7 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 24 1 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 Circle 101 for a one year new U.S. subscription to COMPUTE! : you will be billed for $24. Please let us know. Do you own: pion to buy: Please print or type name and address. 0 Apple 0 Limit one card per person. 270 271 0 Atari 0 Nome 272 273 0 Commodore __ O Address 274 275 0 IBM 0 City 276 277 Zip 0 Tl-99/4A 0 State /Province 278 279 Country 0 Other 0 280 (specify model) 281 Please Include zip code. Expiration 8/ 31/ 85. C0785 SUBSCRIBE TO COMPUTE! For Fastest Service. Call Our Toll-Free My Computer Is : US Order Line 800-334-0868 01 o Apple 02 o Atari 03 O Commodore 64 In NC call 919-275-9809 04 0 VIC-20 os O IBM 06 0 Tl-99/4A w O Other______O Don't yet have one. (Readers outside of the US, please O $24.00 One Year US Subscription 0 $45.00 Two Year US Subscription see our foreign readers subscription card or inquire for rates). Name Address City State Zip O Payment Enclosed o Bill me Charge my: O VISA O MasterCard o American Express Account No. Expires / Your subscription win begin with the next available issue. Pieo50 allow 4-6 weeks for delivery of first issue. Subscription prices subject to change at any lime. The COMPUTE! subscriber llst Is mode available to coreMy screened °'gonlZo tions wtth a product °' service which may be or Interest lo our readers. It you p COMPUTE! Reader Service P.O. Box 2141 Radnor, PA 19089 III II I NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED INTHE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 2312 GREENSBORO. NC POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BV ADDRESSEE COMPUTE! P.O. Box 914 Farmingdale, NY 11 73 7 •• • If you own an Apple lie, you'd have to add all this to match the versatility, expandability and higher intelligence of the · new Commodore 128 (and it costs less too). The new Commodore 128'Mpersonal And the new Commodore 128 has a the new Commodore 128 jumps you computer is breakthrough technol numeric keypad built right into its key into a whole new world of business, ogy at a breakthrough price. It out board that makes crunching numbers productivity, education and word shines the Apple® lie in performance a lot easier. And the Commodore 128 processing programs while still run capability, performance quality and has graphic and sound capabilities ning over 3,000 programs designed price. It is expandable to 512K RAM that far exceed those of the Apple I le. for the Commodore 64 '.M That's what while the lie isn't expandable at all. But the most important news is that we call a higher intelligence. COMMODORE 128:: PERSONAL COMPUTER AHigher Intelligence Texas Instruments, Inc Apple is o trodemorlt of Apole Computer Company Radio Shock Color Computer Is o rrodemorl< of e.laGlhn11 . , ~.. IBM PC ond PCjr ore trodemorlts of lnternotlonol Business Machines. Inc. Tandy. Inc NOW! FULL SIZE, FULL FEATURE, LETTER QUALITY AT ONLY $353 ESC SHIFT DELETE a Delete line exactly as listed, including any necessary ESC SHIFT INSERT a Insert line punctuation and symbols. To help you with this