DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 50 Number 1 Winter 1992 Cover: Sarracenia hybrid "Queen of Hearts" by Rob Proctor of Denver, Colorado Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Volume 50 Number 1 Winter 1992 Features Hybrid Pitcher Plants, by Lawrence Mellichamp 3 A Sphagnum Bog Garden, by Roberta Case 11 Miniature Waterlilies, by Stephen Doonan and Phil Pearson 13 Harbinger of Spring, by Judy Glattstein 16 Building a Waterfall, by Ray Radebaugh 21 Bog Gardens and Bog Plants, by Frederick W. Case, Jr. 45 A Woodland Waterfall and Pool, by Judith Jones 47 Miniature Water Gardens, by Joseph V. Tomocik 50 Rock Gardening in Ontario, by Barrie Porteous 51 Departments Plant Portrait 58 Books 59 Propagation 65 Sarracenia x catesbaei x Sarracenia alata 2 Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Vol. 50(1) Hybrid Pitcher Plants by Lawrence Mellichamp I collected my first pitcher plant in people have water gardens, in shade or 1968 in the coastal flat woods and pine sun; but the bog garden, which requires savannas of southeastern North Caroli• full sun and just the right level of mois• na. Sarracenias grew commonly in ture, remains a challenge. these habitats characterized by moist, Possibly, too, bog gardening reminds highly organic, nutrient-poor soils and me of my first encounter with the beau• frequent fires that kept dense vegeta• tiful but fragile habitats that are so rich tion from forming. Sundews, bladder- in species, without the pesky insects of worts, butterworts, and the world- the wild. famous Venus'-flytrap also grew in I can't deny, also, that a reason for abundance, before the massive land- growing bog plants is they always elicit drainage activities of the 1970s which a response of excitement, or awe, from left much of the terrain dry pine planta• visitors. Although different from the joy tions. North Carolina has more differ• of seeing a lotus or waterlily in bloom, ent genera of carnivorous plants than bog plants are very gratifying in their any other place in the world, and many abnormal behavior. of the species make interesting speci• The genus Sarracenia (named after mens for the home bog garden. 18th century Canadian botanist and My favorites have been the pitcher physician Dr. Michel Sarrazin) contains plants. I still have growing a piece of 11 species, all but one of which are the original one I collected over 20 endemic to the southeastern United years ago. The other carnivorous plants States. That one, Sarracenia seem to come and go for me in cultiva• purpurea, is remarkable in having tion, acting as annuals or short-lived spread during the 10,000 years since perennials. Perhaps they are just more glaciation to the Gulf Coast and north• particular about their growing condi• ward all the way west across Canada in tions. Nevertheless, I enjoy working peat bogs and on wet lake shores. It with sarracenias and other bog species also seems to flourish as an introduced because they seem to represent a plant in northern European bogs. neglected area of gardening. Many There is one close Sarracenia relative, 3 Darlingtonia californica, restricted to studied and described most of the natu• cool mountain streams and bogs in ral hybrids between pairs of species that northwestern California and adjacent grew together in the wild throughout the Oregon. Darlingtonia is difficult to Southeast. The genus was mono• grow in our hot southeastern summers graphed by Sidney McDaniel in 1971. and is not considered in this article. ("The Genus Sarracenia," Bulletin of Some growers may keep it alive, but I the Tall Timbers Research Station, have never seen plants grown well Tallahassee, 9:1-36.) In recent years, outside its native region. There are also Fred and Roberta Case have recognized distant relatives in southeastern two new distinct taxa from Alabama, Venezuela, in the genus Heliamphora, Sarracenia alabamensis (photo, p. 41) known as sun or marsh pitchers. Since and S. alabamensis ssp. wherryi. In they are not hardy, they will not be addition, distinct forms have long been described here. known and cultivated, though not Most of the natural species of formally named, such as the giant form Sarracenia are well known as horticul• of S. minor from the Okefenokee tural subjects, having been highly Swamp in southeastern Georgia (photo, regarded in England and Europe since p. 43), a pink-flowered form of S. the Victorian era of the late 19th centu• purpurea from Mobile, and various albi• ry. The often-cited treatment by John no forms of most red-flowered species. MacFarlane in L.H. Bailey's Cyclope• Probably the most generally acknowl• dia of Horticulture (1914) is still edged natural hybrid is S. x catesbaei required reading for anyone interested (photo, p. 43), a cross between S. in pitcher plants. flaua and S. purpurea. Wherever they I am especially proud of the fact that grow together, the hybrid may be found. an ancestor of mine, a Dr. Joseph H. Another common hybrid along the Gulf Mellichamp, who lived in the Bluffton Coast is S. x mitchelliana (S. leuco- area of southeastern South Carolina, phylla x S. purpurea). Both can be collected and studied pitcher plants in robust growers. Our research efforts the latter half of the 19th century. He now are to acquire—from the wild or published several scholarly papers man-made—specimens of every possi• describing his observations of Sarrace• ble cross between pairs of species. nia minor (photo, p. 44), and he is Sarracenias produce large, bee-polli• attributed with proving that sarracenias nated flowers in spring. There is one catch and digest insects, i.e., that they nodding flower per stalk, and usually are truly insectivorous. Even Charles one stalk per growing lead (or "toe"). Darwin, who wrote the first book on Some smell sweet, others smell musty. insectivorous plants, never realized that A given individual plant blooms for sarracenias were carnivorous! about a week and the flowers are very One unusual trait of these species is showy, but it is the long-lasting pitchers that they hybridize freely among them• that make these plants famous and that selves, like tropical orchids, and the are mostly used to tell the different hybrids are fertile and capable of cross• species apart. Lately, individual pitchers ing with each other and back-crossing to of wild-collected S. leucophylla the species, often resulting in fantastic (photo, p. 41) are being sold in florist natural hybrid swarms in disturbed habi• shops as "cut flowers." All pitchers tats along the Gulf Coast. During the have hoods (mostly to keep out rain early 1950s, Ritchie Bell of North water), various hairs within the tubular Carolina and Fred Case of Michigan pitcher leaves (to keep prey from 4 Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society Vol. 50(1) escaping), and no moving parts to ing Co., Winston-Salem, NC), or catch insects. They are passive pitfall consult back issues of the Carnivorous traps. As in all carnivorous plants, it is Plant Newsletter, an excellent quarter• the leaf that is modified to catch prey. ly guide to growing and understanding The pitchers will attract any number of all carnivorous plants, now in its 19th bees, moths, ants, flies, and wasps by year of publication (available from CPN, the sweet, sticky nectar secretions Biology Dept., California State Univer• around the mouth of the pitcher. The sity, Fullerton, CA 92634). insects slip into the tubes, can't get out, While the species are fairly easy to fall to the bottom and die, are digested grow, I feel that often they do not make by enzymes, and provide nutrients that the best ornamental plants because of are absorbed by the leaf to supplement their seasonal pitcher production, their their soil-based nutrition. We often use occasional dislike of all but the best cotton balls to keep moths out of the conditions of sun, soil, and water, and pitchers in the fall as they tend to over- the difficulty in obtaining propagated accumulate and "gum up" the pitchers (as opposed to wild-collected) speci• —as if a person tried to eat an mens. Hybrids are easier to maintain unplucked chicken. than species. All pitcher plants are very The species of pitcher plants are interesting and clearly intriguing to even described in Table 1, where brief distin• the most casual observer. Only the guishing features are given. Rowers are famous Venus'-flytrap ranks higher in either red or yellow; the pitchers are tall interest and that's because the trap or short and of various colors (influ• moves. Yet pitcher plants are larger, enced by the amount of sunlight); and more colorful, easier to grow, and more unless otherwise noted, the distributions readily propagated by division, and thus refer to the coastal plain region of the should be more widely known. In various states. The seasonal production response to an increasing interest in of pitchers can be distinctive: new pitcher plants on the part of the gener• pitchers may be produced starting in al public and based on comments from earliest spring and continuing until visitors to the University of North frost, or. there may be periods of no Carolina at Charlotte Botanical apparent growth. For example, some Gardens, where we have hundreds of species make new pitchers in spring specimens on display, I decided to only; others will have growing spurts in begin breeding man-made hybrids of spring and then again in late summer Sarracenia for ultimate distribution to or fall. Normally, fall pitchers are larger the horticulture trade. Only a few prop• and more colorful. Three species [S. agated species and hybrids are available fiaua (photo, p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fair Use of This PDF File of Herbaceous
    Fair Use of this PDF file of Herbaceous Perennials Production: A Guide from Propagation to Marketing, NRAES-93 By Leonard P. Perry Published by NRAES, July 1998 This PDF file is for viewing only. If a paper copy is needed, we encourage you to purchase a copy as described below. Be aware that practices, recommendations, and economic data may have changed since this book was published. Text can be copied. The book, authors, and NRAES should be acknowledged. Here is a sample acknowledgement: ----From Herbaceous Perennials Production: A Guide from Propagation to Marketing, NRAES- 93, by Leonard P. Perry, and published by NRAES (1998).---- No use of the PDF should diminish the marketability of the printed version. This PDF should not be used to make copies of the book for sale or distribution. If you have questions about fair use of this PDF, contact NRAES. Purchasing the Book You can purchase printed copies on NRAES’ secure web site, www.nraes.org, or by calling (607) 255-7654. Quantity discounts are available. NRAES PO Box 4557 Ithaca, NY 14852-4557 Phone: (607) 255-7654 Fax: (607) 254-8770 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nraes.org More information on NRAES is included at the end of this PDF. Acknowledgments This publication is an update and expansion of the 1987 Cornell Guidelines on Perennial Production. Informa- tion in chapter 3 was adapted from a presentation given in March 1996 by John Bartok, professor emeritus of agricultural engineering at the University of Connecticut, at the Connecticut Perennials Shortcourse, and from articles in the Connecticut Greenhouse Newsletter, a publication put out by the Department of Plant Science at the University of Connecticut.
    [Show full text]
  • FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
    ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1.
    [Show full text]
  • William Herbert (1778--1847) Scientist and Polymath, and His Contributions to Curtis's Botanical Magazine
    WILLIAM HERBERT (1778–1847) SCIENTIST AND POLYMATH, AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CURTIS’S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE Alison Rix ‘Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert, afterwards Dean of Manchester, in the fourth volume of the ‘Horticultural Transactions’, 1822, and in his work on the ‘Amaryllidaceae’ (1837, pp. 19, 339), declares that ‘horticultural experiments have established, beyond the possibility of refutation, that botanical species are only a higher and more permanent class of varieties’. He extends the same view to animals. The Dean believes that single species of each genus were created in an originally highly plastic condition, and that these have produced, chiefly by intercrossing, but likewise by variation, all our existing species’. [Preface to the third edition (1860) of On the Origin of Species,by Charles Darwin] The Hon. and Rev. William Herbert, often known as Dean Herbert, to whom Vol. 65 (1839) of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine was dedicated, was an exceptional polymath – a poet and classical scholar, linguist, reforming MP, clergyman – as well as amateur botanist and botanical artist. His best-known botanical work, illustrated with 48 of his own paintings, was the two volume work Amaryllidaceae, quoted above by Darwin. Although this extraordinary man counted botany as just one of his many interests, his output was prodigious; in addition to studying and breeding plants, such as Crocus, Gladiolus, Hippeastrum, Narcissus and Rhododendron, he also wrote and drew prolifically for journals such as Curtis’s Botanical Magazine and its rival publication, Edwards’s Botanical Register. In addition to Darwin, he corresponded with many other notable people, including Sir William Hooker and William Fox Talbot, and his letters paint a picture of a rather serious and industrious character.
    [Show full text]
  • Blithewold in Bloom North Gardenjuly August
    Blithewold in bloom North GardenJuly August Acanthus hungaricus Anemone x hybrida Dahlia Digitalis ‘Spice Island’ bear’s breeches ‘Honorine Jobert’ ‘Happy Single Princess’ foxglove perennial, Zones 5-10 perennial, Zones 4-8 tender perennial perennial, Zones 3-8 sun to part shade sun to part shade Zones 8-10 sun to part shade sun Eryngium Geranium ‘Rozanne’ Gladiolus murielae Hibiscus trionum ‘Sapphire Blue’ cranesbill a.k.a. acidanthera flower-of-an-hour perennial, Zones 4-8 perennial, Zones 5-8 peacock gladiolus annual sun sun to part shade bulb, Zones 7-11 sun blooms all summer sun self-sows Kalimeris incisa ‘Blue Star’ Rosa ‘Ballerina’ Veronica longifolia Zinnia angustifolia Japanese aster Rose speedwell creeping zinnia perennial, Zones 5-8 shrub, Zones 5-10 perennial, Zones 4-8 annual sun sun to part shade sun sun shear in July for rebloom self-sows North Garden, 2015 plant Common name plant type comments attracts… source Acanthus hungaricus bear's breeches perennial orange, red flowers, grey feathery foliage, Achillea 'Terracotta' yarrow perennial spreads Aconitum napellus monkshood perennial Acorus calamus 'Variegatus' sweet flag perennial native for shade, white spring flowers, white fall Actaea pachypoda 'Misty Blue' white baneberry perennial berries Actea simplex 'Hillside Black Beauty' bugbane perennial aka Cimicifuga Actea simplex 'Hillside Black Beauty' black bugbane perennial black foliage, tall pale pink flowers in fall American Adiantum pedatum 'Miss Sharples' fern native for shade maidenhair Alchemilla mollis lady's mantle
    [Show full text]
  • Garden Ponds Jim Sherman
    Garden Ponds Jim Sherman Over the last year, I’ve spent a lot of time pondering. This happens when you’ve got a pond in your garden, and every moment sitting in slack-jawed amazement at all the life thriving in a few gallons of clear amber water is time well spent. My pond is a standard amorphous lumber-yard black-fiberglass prefab, eighteen inches deep in the center with a pair of ten-inch deep shelves molded along what wound up as the east and west ends of the pond, with a capacity of 125 gallons. If I had it to do over again, the financial bullet would have been bitten and a 200 (or more) gallon model purchased; still, even a small pond is one of the most rewarding furnishings a garden can have. A pond is also both a classroom for, and an affirmation of, the organic method of gardening. As the enthusiasm for water gardening grows, countless gardeners who “only wanted to kill the fleas” (or the fire ants, or the aphids) have learned from the fish floating belly-up among the lilies that pesticides kill much farther up the food chain than they realized. Meanwhile, gardeners who refrain from chemical poisons that kill (at least) fish and amphibians in addition to insects fall asleep to the sound of toads in lust, and waken with delight to the sight of gelled ropes of eggs streaming through the water and, later, hundreds of tiny black tadpoles tumbling about in the pond. Toads are the most immediate payoff of having a pond in your organic garden.
    [Show full text]
  • RHS Gardening in a Changing Climate Report
    Gardening in a Changing Climate Acknowledgements The RHS and University of Reading would like to acknowledge the support provided by Innovate UK through the short Knowledge Transfer Partnership KTP 1000769 from November 2012 to September 2013. The RHS is grateful to the Trustees of Spencer Horticultural Trust, who supported the project to revise the Gardening in the Global Greenhouse report. The RHS would also like to thank: The authors of the 2002 report, Richard Bisgrove and Professor Paul Hadley, for building the foundations for this updated report. The contributors of this report: Dr John David (RHS), Dr Ross Cameron (University of Sheffield), Dr Alastair Culham (University of Reading), Kathy Maskell (Walker Institute, University of Reading) and Dr Claudia Bernardini (KTP Research Associate). Dr Mark McCarthy (Met Office) and Professor Tim Sparks (Coventry University) for their expert consultation on the climate projections and phenology chapters, respectively. This document is available to download as a free PDF at: Gardening in a www.rhs.org.uk/climate-change Citation Changing Climate Webster E, Cameron RWF and Culham A (2017) Gardening in a Changing Climate, Royal Horticultural Society, UK. Eleanor Webster, About the authors Ross Cameron and Dr Eleanor Webster is a Climate Scientist at the Royal Horticultural Alastair Culham Society Dr Ross Cameron is a Senior Lecturer in Landscape Management, Ecology & Design at the University of Sheffield Dr Alastair Culham is an Associate Professor of Botany at the University of Reading Gardening in a Changing Climate RHS 2 3 Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 3.4 The UK’s variable weather and its implications for projections of future climate .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Community Herbal Monograph on Primula Veris L. And/Or Primula Elatior (L.) Hill, Flos Final
    19 September 2012 EMA/HMPC/136582/2012 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Community herbal monograph on Primula veris L. and/or Primula elatior (L.) Hill, flos Final Initial assessment Discussion in Working Party on Community monographs and Community March 2007 list (MLWP) Adoption by Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) for release 8 March 2007 for consultation End of consultation (deadline for comments) 15 June 2007 Rediscussion in Working Party on Community monographs and September 2007 Community list (MLWP) Adoption by Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Monograph (EMEA/HMPC/64684/2007) AR (EMEA/HMPC/64683/2007) List of references (EMEA/HMPC/111633/2007) 7 September 2007 Overview of comments received during the public consultation (EMEA/HMPC/373075/2007) HMPC Opinion (EMEA/HMPC/405544/2007) First systematic review Discussion in Working Party on Community monographs and Community March 2012 list (MLWP) May 2012 Adoption by Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) for release N/A for consultation End of consultation (deadline for comments) N/A Rediscussion in Working Party on Community monographs and N/A Community list (MLWP) Adoption by Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) 19 September 2012 A search for the versions adopted in September 2007 can be made via the EMA document search function, using the documents’ reference number, at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/document_library/landing/document_library_se arch.jsp&mid= 7 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 7418 8400 Facsimile +44 (0)20 7418 7051 E -mail [email protected] Website www.ema.europa.eu An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Backup of Downspout Brochure3.Cdr:Coreldraw
    Plants Downspout A Selection of Plants Suitable for Bog Gardens: Bog Gardens Native plants will thrive without further inputs once established in the right location. The following plants are Joe Pye Weed suitable for moist areas in Great Lakes area gardens: Jack in the pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) Unusual green/brown flowers featuring a spathe (pulpit) surrounding an upright spadix (Jack). Red berries. Up to 65 cm high. RAINWATER AND NATIVE PLANTS… A NATURAL CONNECTION Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) All milkweeds are host Cardinal Flower plants for Monarch butterfly caterpillars and nectar plants for other butterflies. Showy pink flowers in summer.70-130 cm. Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Round white “pincushion” flowerballs in early summer. Butterflies, bees, and hummingbirds are attracted to the nectar. Seeds eaten by waterfowl, leaves/twigs by deer.Up to three metres high. Turtlehead (Chelone glabra) Charming white flowers bloom from late summer into fall. Food for Baltimore Checkerspot butterfly larvae. Attracts hummingbirds. Pollinated by bumblebees. One metre tall. Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera) Loosely-spreading deciduous shrub with red twigs in winter. Important food for wildlife. Up to three metres high. Red Osier Dogwood Spotted Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Pink-purple flower clusters. Blooms late summer. Provides food for a variety of butterflies (Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, Great Spangled Fritillary, Silver-spotted Skipper) and other wildlife. One to two and a half metres high. North American Native Plant Society www.nanps.org Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) A lovely native iris with flowers Email: [email protected] ranging from pale to very dark blue. Blooms late spring.
    [Show full text]
  • International Cooperation Among Botanic Gardens
    INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AMONG BOTANIC GARDENS: THE CONCEPT OF ESTABLISHING AGREEMENTS By Erich S. Rudyj A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of elaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Public Horticulture Administration May 1988 © 1988 Erich S. Rudyj INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION~ AMONG BOTANIC GARDENS: THE CONCEPT OF EsrtBllSHING AGREEMENTS 8y Erich S. Rudyj Approved: _ James E. Swasey, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: _ James E. Swasey, Ph.D. Coordinator of the Longwood Graduate Program Approved: _ Richard 8. MLfrray, Ph.D. Associate Provost for Graduate Studies No man is an /land, intire of it selfe; every man is a peece of the Continent, a part of the maine; if a Clod bee washed away by the Sea, Europe is the lesse, as well as if a Promontorie '-"Jere, as well as if a Mannor of thy friends or of thine owne were; any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankinde; And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; It tolls for thee. - JOHN DONNE - In the Seventeenth Meditation of the Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions (1624) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincerest thanks to Donald Crossan, James Oliver and James Swasey, who, as members of my thesis committee, provided me with the kind of encouragement and guidance needed to merge both the fields of Public Horticulture and International Affairs. Special thanks are extended to the organizers and participants of the Tenth General Meeting and Conference of the International Association of Botanical Gardens (IABG) for their warmth, advice and indefatigable spirit of international cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Primula Veris L.: Influence of the Extraction Conditions and Purification
    molecules Article Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Primula veris L.: Influence of the Extraction Conditions and Purification Maria Tarapatskyy 1,* , Aleksandra Gumienna 1, Patrycja Sowa 1 , Ireneusz Kapusta 2 and Czesław Puchalski 1 1 Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (C.P.) 2 Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-17-7854834 Abstract: Our experiments may help to answer the question of whether cowslip (Primula veris L.) is a rich source of bioactive substances that can be obtained by efficient extraction with potential use as a food additive. A hypothesis assumed that the type of solvent used for plant extraction and the individual morphological parts of Primula veris L. used for the preparation of herbal extracts will have key impacts on the efficiency of the extraction of bioactive compounds, and thus, the health- promoting quality of plant concentrates produced. Most analysis of such polyphenolic compound contents in extracts from Primula veris L. has been performed by using chromatography methods such as ultra-performance reverse-phase liquid chromatography (UPLC−PDA−MS/MS). Experiments ◦ demonstrated that the most effective extraction agent for fresh study material was water at 100 C, whereas for dried material it was 70% ethanol. The richest sources of polyphenolic compounds Citation: Tarapatskyy, M.; were found in cowslip primrose flowers and leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Create Your Own Mini-Wetlandbog Gardens Attract a Variety of Wildlife Into the Garden and Are Relatively Simple to Create
    Create your own mini-wetlandBog gardens attract a variety of wildlife into the garden and are relatively simple to create. Free rainwater can also provide almost all the water needed for filling your wetland. ow can you contribute to the massive drive to improve Welcoming wildlife Hour environment? Whilst national wetlands often cover Aside from a water source, there are many other ways to hundreds of kilometres, creating a wetland, marsh or bog in encourage wildlife into your garden. your own garden is one of the most wildlife-friendly features – Logs, leaf litter, rocks, compost heaps and stone walls can that you can develop (Fig 1). Your bog or marsh garden should provide shelter for a range of small animals, such as frogs be maintained using rainwater harvesting only if possible, as and lizards. this will reduce your water consumption drastically. – Identify plants that are food sources for the creatures you want to attract, like scabiosa and Hypoestes aristata, which attract butterflies. Place them adjacent to your pond. – To attract birds, set aside an exclusion area that is far away from your living areas and blocked off from any pets. – Provide artificial shelters or food sources, such as a feeding platform where kitchen scraps can be placed. – Avoid using harmful chemicals in your garden. Bog gardens will attract a variety of wildlife to your garden. The presence of insects, such as dragonflies, and frogs in your bog garden is a good indication that your pond water is Fig 1. A mini-wetland will attract a variety of insects, such as this healthy.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock Garden Quarterly
    ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 COVER: Tulipa vvedevenskyi by Dick Van Reyper All Material Copyright © 1997 North American Rock Garden Society Printed by AgPress, 1531 Yuma Street, Manhattan, Kansas 66502 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 SPRING 1997 FEATURES Life with Bulbs in an Oregon Garden, by Molly Grothaus 83 Nuts about Bulbs in a Minor Way, by Andrew Osyany 87 Some Spring Crocuses, by John Grimshaw 93 Arisaema bockii: An Attenuata Mystery, by Guy Gusman 101 Arisaemas in the 1990s: An Update on a Modern Fashion, by Jim McClements 105 Spider Lilies, Hardy Native Amaryllids, by Don Hackenberry 109 Specialty Bulbs in the Holland Industry, by Brent and Becky Heath 117 From California to a Holland Bulb Grower, by W.H. de Goede 120 Kniphofia Notes, by Panayoti Kelaidis 123 The Useful Bulb Frame, by Jane McGary 131 Trillium Tricks: How to Germinate a Recalcitrant Seed, by John F. Gyer 137 DEPARTMENTS Seed Exchange 146 Book Reviews 148 82 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 55(2) LIFE WITH BULBS IN AN OREGON GARDEN by Molly Grothaus Our garden is on the slope of an and a recording thermometer, I began extinct volcano, with an unobstructed, to discover how large the variation in full frontal view of Mt. Hood. We see warmth and light can be in an acre the side of Mt. Hood facing Portland, and a half of garden. with its top-to-bottom 'H' of south tilt• These investigations led to an inter• ed ridges.
    [Show full text]