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Somaclonal Variation in Hibiscus Acetosella Welw Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1987 Somaclonal Variation in Hibiscus Acetosella Welw. Ex Hiern: Altered Fertility and Floral Ontogeny. James Robert Ault Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Ault, James Robert, "Somaclonal Variation in Hibiscus Acetosella Welw. Ex Hiern: Altered Fertility and Floral Ontogeny." (1987). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4338. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4338 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35mm slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35mm slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Order Number 8T19845 Somaclonal variation Hibiscusin acetostlla Welw. ex Hiern: Altered fertility and floral ontogeny Ault, James Robert, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical CoL, 1987 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V 1. Glossy photographs or panes / 2. Colored illustrations, paper or \Jprint 3. Photographs with dark backgroundl/ 4. Illustrations are poor copy______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original ______copy 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of page 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several panes i / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_____ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct_______ print 11. Page(s)___________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)___________ seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as __________received 16. Other_____________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International SOMACLONAL VARIATION IN HIBISCUS ACETOSELLA WELW. EX HIERN: ALTERED FERTILITY AND FLORAL ONTOGENY A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology by James Robert Ault B.S., University of Michigan, 1978 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1982 May 1987 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation and gratitude to Dr. William J. Blackmon for his patience, guidance, and advice throughout the author’s program of study. He would also like to thank the other members of his advisory committee— Drs. David R. MacKenzie, Edmund N. O'Rourke, Milton C. Rush, and Shirley C. Tucker— for their advice and constructive criticisms of this manuscript. He wishes to extend his appreciation to Berthal D. Reynolds and Amanda M. Lawrence for their respective assistance with laboratory techniques and photographic expertise. Finally, the author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to his wife Carolla, whose patience, encouragement, and sacrifice made possible the completion of this study. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................... iii ABSTRACT............................................... vi INTRODUCTION.......................................... 1 CHAPTER O N E .......................................... 3 Altered Fertility in Tissue Culture-Derived Plants of Hibiscus acetosella ABSTRACT............................................. 3 INTRODUCTION........................................ 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS.... .......................... 5 RESULTS ............................................. 10 DISCUSSION.......................................... 13 LITERATURE CITED.................................... 18 TABLES 1. Fertility of H. acetosella wild type (WT) and tissue culture-derived (TC) plants........... 20 2. Days to abort for emasculated flowers of H. acetosella.................................... 21 FIGURES 1. Aborted fruit of H. acetosella tissue culture-derived (TC) plants as a function of days after pollination....................... 22 2. The number of aborted fruit as a function of days after pollination for the selfing of H. acetosella tissue culture plant TC 11 and the outcross of TC 11 X wild t y p e ............... 23 CHAPTER T W O .......................................... 24 Floral Ontogeny in Hibiscus acetosella. I. Wild Type ABSTRACT............................................. 24 INTRODUCTION........................................ 25 MATERIALS AND METHODS.... .......................... 28 TERMINOLOGY........................................ 29 RESULTS ............................................. 30 DISCUSSION.......................................... 39 LITERATURE CITED.................................... 48 PLATES ABBREVIATIONS .................................... 50 FIGS. 1-7. Floral meristem and early bracteole organogenesis in wild type Hibiscus acetosella 51 FIGS. 8-11. Early calyx organogenesis in H. acetosella.................................... 53 FIGS. 12 - 15. Late calyx organogenesis in H. acetosella.................................... 55 iii FIGS. 16 - 22. Early petal and androecial organogenesis in H. acetosella ............... 57 FIGS. 23 - 28. Androecial and petal organogenesis in H. acetosella............................... 59 FIGS. 29 - 32. Androecial organogenesis in H. acetosella.................................. 61 FIGS. 33 - 36. Floral anatomy in H. acetosella. 63 FIGS. 37 - 42. Gynoecial ontogeny in H. acetosella.................................. 65 FIGS. 43 - 47. Postgenital fusion of the style in H. acetosella........................... 67 FIGS. 48 -49. Gynoecial anatomy in H. acetosella. 69 CHAPTER THREE.......................................... 71 Floral Ontogeny in Hibiscus acetosella. II. Tissue Culture-Derived Teratomas ABSTRACT ............................................ 71 INTRODUCTION ........................................ 72 MATERIALS AND METHODS................................ 74 TERMINOLOGY.......................................... 75 RESULTS............................................... 76 DISCUSSION ........................................ 84 LITERATURE CITED .................................... 99 TABLES 1. Number of floral organs and corolla width at anthesis for wild type and tissue culture-derived H. acetosella plants............. 102 2. The number of flowers from tissue culture plants of H. acetosella with fewer or more organs than wild type.......................... 103 3. Correlation coefficients (r-values) among flower organ numbers in H. acetosella tissue culture-derived plants ........................ 104 4. Number of anthers per flower for wild type and tissue culture-derived plants of H. acetosella 105 5. Variation in petal aestivation in wild type (WT) and tissue culture-derived (TC) plants of H. acetosella.....................................106 6. Ovule production on androecial tubes of H. acetosella................................. 107 PLATES ABBREVIATIONS .................................... 108 FIGS. 1-6. Early bracteole, sepal organogenesis in tissue culture-derived (TC) plants of H. acetosella................................ 109 FIGS. 7-12. Later sepal organogenesis in TC plants of H. acetosella.......................... Ill FIGS. 13 - 18. Early petal and androecial primordia organogenesis in TC plants of H. acetosella. 113 iv FIGS. 19 - 24. Middle developmental stages of petal and androecial primordia organogenesis in TC plants of H. acetosella.......................... 115 FIGS. 25 - 30. Late petal and stamen organogenesis in TC plants of H. acetosella.............. 117 FIGS. 31 - 34. Late androecial organogenesis in TC plants of H. acetosella.................... 119 FIGS. 35 - 40. Early gynoecial organogenesis
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