Index

Adams, John 23–4 Attlee, Clement, 1st Attlee 218–19 Adams, Samuel and Sarah, The Complete Attwood, Thomas 88 Servant 147–8 Augusta, Princess of Wales 57 Afghanistan 225–6 Austen, Jane, Mansfield Park 142–3 Africa 71, 75–6, 114, 116–17, 119, 180, Australia 109–11, 114–15, 201, 217, 220, 221–2, 227, 268, 281 264, 279 agriculture 37–8, 41, 128, 135 air power/bombing 197, 202, 205, 208, 228, Bagehot, Walter 103 243–5, 269 Baldwin, Stanley, 1st Earl Baldwin 202, Albert, Prince Consort 134–5 235–6 American Revolution 11, 21–4, 28, 85 Balfour, Arthur, 1st Earl Balfour 200 ancien regime Britain 53–4, 125 Balfour Declaration, The (1917) 200 Angell, Norman, The Great Illusion 120–1 Bamford, Samuel, Passages in the Life of a Anglicanism see Church of England Radical 87–9, 160–1 Anti-Corn Law League 135, 152 Bank of England 36 appeasement policy 202–6, 227 Bentham, Jeremy 163, 265 Ardilaun, Arthur Guinness, 1st Lord 186–7 A Manual of Political Economy 50–1 aristocracy see landed aristocracy Bertie, Sir Francis 121–2 Ashdown, Paddy, Diaries 224–5 Beveridge, Sir William 213 Ashley, Lord, AnthonyCOPYRIGHTED Ashley-Cooper, 7th Social InsuranceMATERIAL and Allied Services 133 245–7 Asia 116, 119, 167, 222, 268, 273 Binney, John, “Thieves and Swindlers” Asquith, Henry Herbert, 1st earl of 144–5 Oxford 107–8 Binyon, Laurence, “For the Fallen” 198 Atholl, John Murray, 3rd duke of 5–6 Blair, Tony (Anthony) 212–14, 225–7, 247, Atlantic Charter, The (1941) 217–18, 221 273, 276

Sources and Debates in Modern British History: 1714 to the Present, First Edition. Edited by Ellis Wasson. Editorial material and organization Ó 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Published 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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Blake, William 66 Cecil, Lord Hugh 242, 246 “And Did Those Feet in Ancient Conservatism 240–1 Times” 77–8 Chamberlain, Joseph 121 “The Tiger” 67 “Want of Employment and the Boer War 116, 119 Development of Free Markets” Bogdanor, Vernon 215 116–17 Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount, The Chamberlain, Neville 201–7, 227 Idea of the Patriot King 4–5, 7 Chartism 97–9, 101, 124, 160 Bonar Law, Andrew 234–5 Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 4th earl of Boswell, James, Life of Samuel Johnson 32–4 59–61, 69, 73–5 child custody 161–2 Bristed, Charles Astor, Five Years in an child labor 130–4, 156, 157 English University 183–4 Church of England 63, 64, 69, 89–91, 104, British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 139, 141–4, 173, 184, 232–3, 268 278 Churchill, Lord Randolph, “Elijah’s “British” history 80 Mantel” 105–6 British national identity 53, 76–8, 160, Churchill, Winston 105, 180, 197, 204–11, 183–4, 257, 264–80, 288 217–18, 234–5 Brixton Disorders, the (1981) 266–8 Civil Service Reform 106–7 Brooke, Sir Basil, 1st Viscount class (social) 29, 51, 91–4, 96, 100, 118, 127, Brookeborough 283–4 135, 143–7, 157, 169–71, 182, 199, Brooke, Rupert, “The Soldier” 271–2 231–8, 242–3, 255 Brown, Gordon 270–1, 276–8 see also landed aristocracy, middle classes, bureaucracy 250–2 working classes Burke, Edmund 4, 14–15, 17–18, 21, 25–6, “classical” economics 29, 42–50, 148–50, 93, 94, 104 153, 177–8 “A Letter to Sir Hercules Langrishe” 79 coal mining 36, 127, 132, 133–4, 139 Reflections on the Revolution in France Cobbett, William, Cobbett’s Political 8–10, 15–17 Register 86 Burns, Robert, “Scots Wha Hae” 78–9 Cobden, Richard 152, 156 Bush, President George W. 225 Cold War 197, 208–11, 220–2, 244–5 business elite 30, 40, 44, 48, 235–8, 265 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 66 Bute, John Stuart, 3rd earl of 4, 11 colonies see Empire, British Byron, George Gordon, 6th Lord 66 Commons, house of 5–6, 7, 10, 14, 31–2, 88, 91–102, 103, 122, 144, 161, 202–4, Cabinet, the 7, 102, 143, 200, 218–19, 207, 214–15, 217–18, 224, 263 232–8, 258 Commonwealth, the (British) 198, 210, Cambridge, University of 63, 183, 236, 269 214, 220, 221–5, 264–5, 282–3 Cameron, David 235 conservatism 95, 104–5, 155, 169, 177, Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry 101–2 211–12, 240–1 Canada 23, 109–12, 115, 201, 217, 220, 235, see also Tory Party 264, 274, 279 Conservative Party Manifesto (1979) capitalism 43–7, 109, 117–19, 127, 129, 211–12 140, 151–2, 154, 177, 178, 231, Constitution, the British 3–15, 18, 240–2 90–103, 111, 214–17, 229, 231, 273–5, Casement, Sir Roger xxii, 281–2 279–80 Catholic Emancipation 90–1, 94, 185 Cook, Captain James 61

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Cook, Robin, “Chicken Tikka Masala” education 62–5, 106, 109, 156, 163–4, speech 273–5 180–1, 183–6, 212, 266, 268, 270–1 Corn Laws 123, 129, 135, 150, 152 Edwards, Edward, “The Influence of Free Trade upon the Condition of the Darwin, Charles 48, 159, 174–5, 177, 181 Labouring Classes” 150 The Descent of Man 176–7 Egypt 116, 181, 220–1 On the Origin of Species 175 Eliot, George (Mary Anne Evans), Felix Holt: Davitt, Michael 188, 190 the Radical 138–9 “The Land League Proposal” 187–8 Elizabeth II, Queen 220, 224–5, 278 Defoe, Daniel Empire, the British 3, 20–6, 58, 61–2, 72, The Complete English Tradesman 30–1 74, 80, 81, 85, 105, 106, 109–20, 158, A Tour through the Whole Island of Great 167, 179–81, 197–8, 200–1, 207–8, Britain 18–19, 35–7 209–11, 217–22, 224–5, 229, 251, 255, De Valera, Eamon 282 257, 266, 287–8 devolution 257, 273–5, 279–80 “White Dominions” 109–12, 114–15, Diana, Princess of Wales 288 200–1, 217, 220 Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st earl of see also Australia, the Commonwealth, Beaconsfield 103, 105, 106, 165 imperialism, India, New Zealand, South “Crystal Palace” speech 104–5 Africa, Thirteen Colonies, West Indies Sybil or the Two Nations 96 Engels, Friedrich 131, 177 Dissent, Dissenters see Nonconformity, The Condition of the Working-Class in religion England in 1844 135–6 divorce 162 “A Fair Day’s Wage for a Fair Day’s Dore, Gustav, “Wentworth Street, Work” 151–2 Whitechapel” 137 English national identity 53, 77–8, 183, dueling 31–2 185, 271–2, 276, 279 Durham, John George Lambton, 1st earl of, Enlightenment, the 16–17, 44, 47, 52, Report on the Affairs of British North 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 66, 69, 70, 73, America 109–11 175, 180 English Enlightenment 52, 53, 57–62, 70 East India Company 24–6, 42, 112–13 Scottish Enlightenment 43–4, 53, 54, 55, East India trade 20, 23 59 economic theory 20–1, 29, 42–51, 148–56 Equiano, Olaudah, The Interesting Narrative economy, the British 85, 156, 212 of the Life of 75–6 boom and bust/depression 129, 149, Escott, Thomas, England: Its People, Polity 154, 228, 231, 238–40 and Pursuits 96–7 commerce 19–21, 29, 30, 46–7, 114–15, Europe/EEC/EU 197, 214–16, 255, 273–5, 116–17, 118, 122–3 279–80 consumer revolution 29, 51 Evangelical movement 53, 64 decline 197, 254 finance 30, 35, 154, 157 Fabian Society 166, 276 growth 29–30, 118, 127, 128, 156–7, 254 Manifesto 108–9 tariffs 111, 116, 134–5, 155 Factory Act (1895) 166 see also agriculture, Corn Laws, factory system 29, 127, 129–30, 131–2, 134, industrialization, textile industry, 140, 155, 157 unemployment family 34–5, 41–3, 48–9, 52, 107, 109, Eden, Anthony, 1st earl of Avon 221, 235 161–2, 183, 211–12, 259–61

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feminism 69–71, 161–2, 163–5, 166–9, Hardie, Keir 213 259–61 Harrow School 180–1, 236, 237 see also women Hastings, Francis, 10th , food/diet 37–8, 43, 130, 134, 138, 146–7 Lord 31–2 Foot, Michael 223 Hazlitt, William 277 Fox, Charles James 10–11, 21, 32 “What Is the People?” 87 free trade 44, 46–7, 90, 103, 114–15, 123, Heath, Sir Edward (Ted) 264, 284–6 134–5, 150, 152, 153, 155, 158 Hobhouse, L.T., Liberalism 155–6, 177 French Revolution 8–10, 15–18, 26, 35, 53, Hobson, J.A., Imperialism 117–20 67, 70, 85, 88 Hogarth, William 12 Froude, J.A., Oceana or England and Her Holwell, J.Z., “Narrative” 24–5 Colonies 114–15, 121 Home, Alec Douglas-Home, 14th earl of 222–4, 235 Gaskell, Peter, The Manufacturing Home Rule 116, 161, 188–91, 192, 193, 236 Population of England 131–2 homosexuality xxii, xxv, 257, 263–4 General Strike, the (1926) 239 Human Rights Act (1998) 215–16 “gentlemanly capitalism” 157 Hume, David 53, 59, 66 gentry see landed aristocracy An Enquiry Concerning Human George III, King 4, 7–8, 11, 13–14, 21, Understanding 54–5 23–4, 28, 60–1 An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of George IV, King 32, 60, 91 Morals 55–6 , King 283 Huxley, Thomas H., “Evolution and George VI, King 220, 231 Ethics” 181–2 Gibbon, Edward 24 Hyde, Douglas 190 The Decline and Fall of the Roman “The Necessity for De-Anglicising Empire 58–9 Ireland” 189–90 Memoirs 62–3 Giffen, Robert, “The Liquidations of immigration 257, 264–70, 273–5, 287–8 1873–1876” 154 imperialism 85, 109–20, 123, 159, 177, 179, Gladstone, Herbert 169 220–1, 224–5 Gladstone, William 99–101, 106–7, 108, India 24–6, 110, 112–13, 115, 116, 119, 124, 165, 187–8, 188–9, 235, 236, 282 158, 181, 201, 217–19, 251, 257, 264, Glorious Revolution 3, 14–15, 216 267, 273–4 Godwin, William 47 industrialization 19, 29, 39–40, 44, 51, 52, Governance of Britain, The (2007) 270–1, 67, 80, 97, 118, 127, 128–41, 155, 156–8, 279–80 191 Government of India Act (1935) 218 Iraq 197, 225, 273 Grattan, Henry 277 Ireland 20, 26, 37–8, 52, 53, 79, 85, 116, Graves, Robert, Goodbye to All That 199 161, 185–6, 190–1, 193, 217, 232, 257, Grenville, George 7–8 275, 276, 284–7 Grey, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl 40, 88, 91, 96 Ascendancy, the 37–8, 79, 188, 189, 190, Grey, Sir Edward 121–3 283 Guest, Richard, A Compendious History of the Famine, the Great 159, 186, 192 Cotton-Manufacture 39–40 Free State 282–3 Gaelic language and culture 189–90 Haig, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl 227 Land War 186–8 Halifax, Edward Wood, 1st earl of 204, 238 Parliament 79, 185, 188, 190–1, 192, 282

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rebellions 81, 186–7, 190–1, 280–2 liberalism 44, 93, 99–102, 106–8, 119, 153, see also Home Rule, nationalism, 155–6, 165, 169, 173, 179, 228 Ulster, Unionism Lloyd George, David 213 Irish national identity 77, 79–80, 159–60, London 35–7, 136–7, 141, 144–7, 154, 185–6, 186–90, 192, 276, 280–90 243–5, 249, 266–8, 270, 274, 284–5 Irish Republican Army (IRA) xxiin, 282–7 London, Jack, The People of the Abyss Islamic fundamentalism 257, 269–71 145–7 London Declaration, the (1949) 220 Jacobites 27, 28 Lords, House of 5–6, 7, 11, 14, 89, 101–2, Jenner, Edward 57 104, 231, 263 “Jerusalem” 77–8 Low, David, “Which backbone shall I lay out Johnson, Dr Samuel 59–61, 69, 73–5 this morning, My Lord?” 204 Low, Sidney, The Governance of England “Keep Calm and Carry On” 272 102–3 Keith, Sir William, A Short Discourse on the Lucan, George Bingham, 6th earl of 244–5 Present State of the Colonies in Lytton, Lady Constance 167–9 America 20–1 Kershaw, Patience 133–4 Macaulay, Thomas Babington 93–4, 100 Keynes, John Maynard 213 MacDonald, Ramsay 227 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, “The Fatwa Macmillan, Harold, 1st on Salman Rushdie” 269–70 221–2, 235, 236 Kingsland, Christopher Prout, Lord Major, Sir John 277, 279 215–16 Malthus, Thomas Robert 50, 54, 59, 87, Kipling, Rudyard, “Our Lady of the 148–9, 175, 177 Snows” 111–12 An Essay on the Principle of Knowles, Mary Norris 69 Population 42–3, 47–50 Mandela, President Nelson 224–5 Labour Party 108, 117, 203, 211–14, 215, Mansfield, William Murray, 1st earl of 72–2 218–19, 223, 225–6, 227, 231, 244–5, Marshall, Alfred 140 247–9, 251, 252, 270, 273, 276–80 Marx, Karl/Marxism 128, 135–6, 151–2, “Let Us Face the Future” 247–9 169, 175, 176, 179 Laden, Osama bin 226 Mayhew, Henry 144 laissez-faire 47, 50–1, 104, 150, 155–6, 169, medical treatments/medicine 57–8, 131–2, 177 137–8 landed aristocracy/gentry 6, 8–9, 10–11, Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd 13–14, 29, 30–5, 44, 51, 85, 87, 88, 91–4, Viscount 110 96–8, 101–2, 104–5, 135, 139, 142, mercantilism 20–1, 29, 44, 46 143–4, 147–8, 152, 157, 168, 181, 182, Methodism 81, 184–5, 263–4, 268–9 184–5, 199, 204, 232–8, 240–1, 243, 275 middle classes 29, 30–1, 74, 85, 88, 91, 93, law, natural 4, 9, 48–9, 54–5 94, 97, 98, 108, 125, 131, 138, 143–5, Lees-Milne, James, Another Self 243–4 147, 153, 157, 166, 170, 182, 190, 199, legal system 13, 27, 72–3, 102, 143–4, 209, 211, 234–8, 239, 240–1, 248 215–16, 232–3, 280 Mill, James 163, 169 Lenin, Vladimir 117 Mill, John Stuart 50, 179, 192 Liberal Party 85, 99–102, 103, 104, 105, Considerations on Representative 107, 116, 117, 122, 155, 158, 168, 188, Government and On Liberty 169–72 228, 231, 236, 246 The Subjection of Women 163–5

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miracles 54–5, 59–60 Oath of Allegiance (Irish Free State, 1922) Mitchell, US Sen. George 286–7 282–3 monarchy, the 4, 14, 16, 28, 60–1, 85, 88, O’Brien, James “Bronterre” 97–8 94, 102, 104, 107, 124, 231, 232–4, 278, O’Connell, Daniel 161, 185–6 279, 288 “old corruption” 86, 87, 89–90, 142 and Empire/Commonwealth 111–13, Orwell, George (Eric Blair) 277–9 115, 217, 220, 224–5, 282 Oxford, University of 62–3,73, 173, 181,237 Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley 57–8 Oxford Movement 173 Moore, George, Parnell and His Island 186–7 Paine, Thomas More, Hannah 64–5 Common Sense 13–14 Morton, James Douglas, 14th earl of 61–2, The Rights of Man 14–15, 17–18, 34–5 81, 116 Pakistan 218–20, 251, 257, 264, 267 Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 1st Earl Palestine 200 Mountbatten 219 Pankhurst, Emmeline 168 multiculturalism 266–9, 273–5, 287–8 Pankhurst, Sylvia, The Suffragette 167–9 Munich crisis (1938) 201–6 Parkinson, C. Northcote, Parkinson’s Law 250–2 Namier, Sir Lewis 27 Parliament 15, 20, 21–2, 36, 98, 102, 120, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French 3, 28, 161, 163, 170, 185, 188–9, 212, 214–17, 76, 88 219, 224–5, 250, 263, 270, 277, 279–80 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 220–1 committees/commissions 131, 133–4, National Health Service (NHS) 278, 280 137–8, 139–40 nationalism 119, 121, 159, 175, 188–90, see also Commons, Lords 221–2, 275–6, 282–7 parliamentary reform 12–13, 50, 85, 86, nationalization 109, 238, 247–9 87–9, 90, 91–103, 104, 106, 142, 259, Navy, Royal 18–19, 30, 76–7, 115, 116, 208 277 Nehru, Jawaharlal 181 see also Reform Acts Nelson, Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount 76–7 parties, political 27, 85, 96, 104 “New Labour” 212–14, 247, 273 Pearson, Karl, National Life from the Newman, John, Cardinal xxv, 176 Standpoint of Science 179–80 Apologia pro Vita Sua 173 Peel, Sir Robert, 2nd Bt. 90–1, 94–5, 99, newspapers 5–6, 106 134–5 Newton, John 71–2, 75 “Tamworth Manifesto” 95 New Zealand 109–10, 114–15, 201, 217, peerage see landed aristocracy, Lords, 220, 264 house of Nightingale, Florence 57 pensions 106, 107–8 noise pollution 249–50 “People’s Petition of 1838” (Charter) 97–9 Nonconformity (religious) 64, 139, 142, “Peterloo” massacre 87–9 184–5, 263–4 philanthropy/charity 89, 92, 160–1, 162–3, North America see Empire and Thirteen 177–8, 238 Colonies Pilgrim Trust, the, Men without Work North Briton 11 238–40 Northern Ireland see Ulster Pitt, William, the Elder, 1st earl of Norton, Caroline Sheridan, The Separation Chatham 5–6, 21–2 of Mother and Child 161–2 Pitt, William, the Younger 10, 40–2, nuclear warfare 244–5, 263 177, 235

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Place, Francis 88 Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into Pocock, J.G.A. 80 the State of Education in Wales 184–5 politeness and manners 29, 30–5, 63–4, Representation of the People Act (1918) 143–4 259 Poor Laws, the 40–3, 52, 81, 86, 90, 98, Rhodes, Cecil 120, 124 139, 142, 144, 145–7, 149–50, 152, Ricardo, David 48, 154, 177 158, 178 On the Principles of Political Economy and population 40–3, 47–50, 52, 128, 149 Taxation 148–50 poverty 37–8, 40–3, 44, 48–50, 64–5, 86, Robertson, John 137–8 87, 93, 98–9, 105, 107–8, 127, 129, 134, Roman Catholic Church/Catholics 135, 136–9, 144, 145–7, 149, 178, 213, 90–1, 142, 173, 190, 193, 283–4 240, 241, 246–7, 255, 266–8 Romantic movement 53, 66–7, 69, 77, Powell, Enoch 214–15, 261–3 130–1, 173 “Rivers of Blood” 264–5 Roosevelt, President Franklin D. 217–18 Precedence, Tables of General 232–4 Rothschild, Walter, 2nd Lord Rothschild press, freedom of 5–6, 7, 32, 106, 280 200 primogeniture 34–5, 142 Rowlandson, Thomas, “The Prodigal Son” Proclamation of the Republic (Ireland, 32 1916) 280–1 Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm 255 prostitution 144–5 Royal Society, the 61–2 Russell, Lord John, 1st Earl 91–3, 265 Quakers 69 Said, Edward 123 racism 119, 123, 167, 177, 180, 181, 221–4, Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd 257, 265–9, 273–5 marquess of 101, 105, 116, radicalism 11–15, 17–18, 34–5, 67, 78, 235, 240 80–1, 86, 87–90, 97–9, 105–6, 160, 289 Sandford, Mrs John, Woman in Her Social Rae, John, Diary 265–6 and Domestic Character 162–3 Raglan, Fitzroy Somerset, 4th Lord 275–6 Scarman, Leslie Scarman, Lord 266–8 railways 117, 133, 141, 146, 154 science 159, 174–7, 179, 181 recreations/sports 40, 147, 180, 289 Scotland 63, 72, 232, 235, 237, 257, Reform Act, First (1832) 85, 91–8, 123, 270, 289 124–5 Scottish national identity 53, 77, 78–9, Reform Act, Second (1867) 96, 99, 106 188–9, 273, 276 Reform Act, Third (1884–5) 101 Scottish Parliament 275 religion 53, 54–5, 59–60, 64–5, 71, “separate spheres” for men and women 57, 159, 173, 175, 176, 184–5, 240–1, 257, 159, 160–1, 163–4, 191–2 268–9 “September 11th” (2001) 225–6 see also Church of England, Evangelical servants 65, 132, 147–8 movement, Methodism, sexual relations 257, 259–61 Nonconformity, Quakers, Roman Shaw, George Bernard 108–9 Catholic Church Shelley, Percy Bysshe 66 Remembrance Sunday 278 slavery/slave trade 71–6, 80, 81 Report of the International Body, Northern abolitionist campaign 53, 64, 72–6, 80, Ireland (1996) 286–7 160–1, 277 Report of the War Cabinet Committee on smallpox 57–8 Women in British Industry 258–9 Smiles, Samuel, Self-Help 153, 154

303 Index

Smith, Adam 20, 48, 50, 53, 54, 107, 108, Thirteen Colonies 3, 11, 14, 20–4, 25, 80, 128, 131, 133, 148–9, 154, 175, 177 81, 110 An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Tocqueville, Alexis de, Journeys to England the Wealth of Nations 43–7 and Ireland 143–4, 182–3 Smith, George, The Cry of the Children from Tory Party 10, 63–4, 73, 85, 86, 88, the Brick-yards of England 132–3 90–1, 94–6, 101, 102, 103, 116, 134, Smith, Sydney 32, 141–2 150, 153, 155, 208, 211–12, 214–16, Social Darwinism 121, 159, 167, 177–82 222–4, 234–8, 251, 252–3, 263, 264–5, socialism 107, 108–9, 158, 166, 169, 179, 279, 284 212, 214, 241–3, 246–8, 289 “Tory Democracy” 103, 104–6 Solemn League and Covenant (1912) 190–1 Toynbee, Arnold, Lectures on the Industrial Somersett case 72–3 Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in Soper, Donald, Lord 263–4, 268–9 England 128–9 South Africa 109, 114–15, 119, 124, 217, trades unions 129, 139, 140–1, 160, 166, 220, 221–5, 264, 279 211–12, 252–3 Southey, Robert, Sir Thomas More or Trafalgar, Battle of 76–7, 278 Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects transportation 129, 141–2, 249, 250, 252–3 of Society 130–1 Truman, President Harry S. 208 speech, freedom of 5–6, 110 Speir, Rupert 249–50 Ulster 190–1, 193, 275, 283–7, 288 Spencer, Herbert 42, 180 unemployment 130, 149, 214, 231, 238–40, The Man versus the State 179 246–7 Social Statistics 177–8 Unionism (Irish)/Union 185–6, 283–7 Stamp Act (1765) 21–2 United States of America 23–4, 114, 118, “standard of living” controversy 156 154, 164, 174, 183–4, 197, 200, 201, 202, Stopes, Marie, Married Love 259–61 219, 246, 254, 274, 279 Suez (Canal) crisis (1956) 220–1, 228 “special relationship” 208–11, 214, suffrage 13, 88, 93, 96, 98–101, 106, 160–1, 217–18, 221, 225–6, 228, 273 163–4, 258–9 urbanization 135–9 see also parliamentary reform Ure, Andrew, The Philosophy of suffragettes 166, 167–9, 287 Manufactures 129–30 Sunday schools 64–5, 134, 184–5 Utilitarianism 50–1, 169 Swift, Jonathan, “The Furniture of a Woman’s Mind” 68 Versailles Treaty (1919) 201–2 Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916) 200 Victoria, Queen 57, 103, 115, 124, 134, 167 “Proclamation to the Princes, Chiefs and “Tamworth Manifesto” 95 People of India” 112–13 Tawney, R.H. 179, 246 Equality 241–3 Wade, John, The Extraordinary Black taxation 19, 36, 41, 86, 87, 98–9, 107, 109, Book 89–9 114, 142, 211, 232 wages 39, 41, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, Taylor, Helen 163 147–8, 148–52 terrorism 225–7, 269, 284–7 Wales 66–7, 184–5, 238, 257, 275–6 textile/cotton industry 39–40, 94, 129, 130, see also Welsh Assembly, language, 132, 139 national identity Thatcher, Margaret, Baroness 211–12, 224, Wallace, Alfred Russel, Darwinism 247, 251, 252–3, 278 174–5

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Walpole, Horace, 4th earl of Orford 22–3 Wilberforce, Samuel, Bishop of Oxford Memoirs of the Reign of King George the 181 Third 6–7 Wilberforce, William 64 Walpole, Horatio, 1st Lord Wolterton Wilkes, John 11–13 31–2 Wilson, Harold 223 Walpole, Sir Robert, 1st earl of Orford 4, 7 Wolfenden, Sir John 263 Webb, Beatrice Potter, Women and the Wollstonecraft, Mary, A Vindication of the Factory Acts 166 Rights of Women 70–1, 163 Wedgwood, Josiah, “Am I not a man and a women, views about, role of, rights 53, 57, brother?” 74 64, 68–71, 109, 130, 144–5, 159–69, Welfare State 105–9, 149, 153, 155–6, 158, 191–2, 233–4, 255, 257–63, 287 169, 177, 197, 212–14, 231, 245–9, 251, see also feminism, separate spheres, 253–4 suffragettes Welldon, J.E.C., Recollections and Wordsworth, William 277 Reflections 180–1 “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Tintern Abbey” 66–7 90, 91 workhouse/poorhouse see Poor Laws Welsh Assembly 275 working classes 39–42, 64–5, 85, 86, 88–9, Welsh language 275–6 91, 93, 96, 98, 99–100, 104–5, 106–8, Welsh national identity 77, 185, 189, 116, 125, 127, 129, 131–2, 135, 136–40, 275–6 145–57, 166, 170, 185, 190, 191–2, 199, West Indies 21, 72–3, 75–6, 80, 119, 257, 238–40, 243, 248, 273, 289 264, 266, 267–8, 273 World War I 85, 119, 120–3, 125, 197–201, Westminster School 62, 265–6 198, 227, 231, 232, 255, 258–9, 271–2, Westminster, Statute of (1931) 217 278, 279, 281–2 Whig Party 5–6, 7, 8, 25, 27, 40, 85, 88, 90, World War II 197–8, 201–8, 217–18, 227, 91–4, 95, 103, 106, 110, 123, 141, 150, 228, 229, 231, 243–9, 272, 278, 279, 283 187–8 Whitbread, Samuel 40–2, 177 Young, Arthur, A Tour in Ireland 37–8

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