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Prevalencija Zaraženosti Krpelja Vrste Ixodes Ricinus Uzroċnikom Borrelia

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Prevalencija Zaraženosti Krpelja Vrste Ixodes Ricinus Uzroċnikom Borrelia UNIVERZITET U NOVOM SADU POLJOPRIVREDNI FAKULTET Departman za fitomedicinu i zaštitu ţivotne sredine Kandidat: Mentor: Ivana Ivanović doc. dr Aleksandar Jurišić PREVALENCIJA ZARAŢENOSTI KRPELJA VRSTE IXODES RICINUS UZROČNIKOM BORRELIA BURGDORFERI U ŠUMSKIM EKOSISTEMIMA MASTER RAD Novi Sad, 2014. Prevalencija zaraženosti krpelja vrste Ixodes ricinus uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi u šumskim ekosistemima SADRŢAJ SAŢETAK ............................................................................................................................ 4 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 5 1. UVOD............................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Zadatak i cilj istraţivanja ........................................................................................... 7 2. PREGLED LITERATURE ................................................................................................ 9 2.1. Istorijat istraţivanja krpelja i vektorske uloge Ixodes ricinus u širenju Borrelia burgdorferi u Srbiji i Evropi ............................................................................................. 9 2.2. Sistematika krpelja ................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Geografska distribucija i stanište vrste Ixodes ricinus ............................................... 13 2.4. Morfološke i anatomske karakteristike iksodidnih krpelja ........................................ 14 2.4.1. Reproduktivni sistem, razmnoţavanje i ţivotni ciklus krpelja ........................... 17 2.5. Ishrana krpelja i njen znaĉaj u prenošenju i odrţavanju patogena ............................. 19 2.6. Uticaj abiotiĉkih faktora na aktivnost vrste Ixodes ricinus ........................................ 23 2.7. Vektorska uloga Ixodes ricinus i rezervoari B. burgdorferi s. l. u Evropi .................. 25 2.8. Lajmska bolest ......................................................................................................... 27 2.8.1. Istorijat prouĉavanja Lajmske bolesti ................................................................ 27 2.8.2. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato – uzroĉnik Lajmske bolesti .............................. 29 2.8.3. Kliniĉka slika Lajmske bolesti .......................................................................... 33 2.8.4. Laboratorijske metode detekcije B. burgdorferi i dijagnostika Lajmske bolesti . 35 3. MATERIJAL I METODE RADA ................................................................................... 38 3.1. Prikupljanje krpelja iz prirode .................................................................................. 38 3.2. Laboratorijski pregled krpelja .................................................................................. 38 3.3. Analiza faune istraţivanih lokaliteta ......................................................................... 39 3.3.1. Berger-Parkerov indeks dominacije vrsta .......................................................... 39 3.3.2. Seksualni indeks ............................................................................................... 40 3.4. Procena rizika za Lajm boreliozu ............................................................................. 40 3.4.1. Prevalencija Borrelia burgdorferi ..................................................................... 40 3.4.2. Entomološki indeks rizika ................................................................................ 40 3.5. Opis lokaliteta .......................................................................................................... 41 o o 3.5.1. Andrevlje (N45 10.268’ E19 38.496’) ............................................................ 41 o o 3.5.2. Zmajevac (N45 09.321’ E19 46.508’) ............................................................ 42 2 Prevalencija zaraženosti krpelja vrste Ixodes ricinus uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi u šumskim ekosistemima o o 3.5.3. Kameniĉki park (N45 13.753’ E19 50.991’) ................................................... 42 o o 3.5.4. Šuma Instituta za topolarstvo Novi Sad (N45 17.667’ E19 54.019’) ............... 42 4. REZULTATI I DISKUSIJA ............................................................................................ 46 4.1. Fauna krpelja istraţivanih lokaliteta ......................................................................... 46 4.2. Pregled registrovanih vrsta ....................................................................................... 49 4.2.1. Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus 1758) ......................................................................... 49 4.2.2. Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini & Fanzago 1878) ..................................... 52 4.2.3. Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch 1844).............................................................. 55 4.2.4. Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer 1776) ............................................................ 58 4.3. Indeks dominacije vrsta............................................................................................ 61 4.4. Polna i uzrasna struktura .......................................................................................... 62 4.5. Sezonska dinamika aktivnosti registrivanih vrsta...................................................... 68 4.6. Prevalencija B. burgdorferi s.l. ................................................................................. 72 4.7. Entomološki indeks rizika za Lajm boreliozu ........................................................... 76 5. ZAKLJUĈAK ................................................................................................................. 79 6. LITERATURA ............................................................................................................... 81 3 Prevalencija zaraženosti krpelja vrste Ixodes ricinus uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi u šumskim ekosistemima PREVALENCIJA ZARAŢENOSTI KRPELJA VRSTE IXODES RICINUS UZROČNIKOM BORRELIA BURGDORFERI U ŠUMSKIM EKOSISTEMIMA SAŢETAK Osnovni cilj istraţivanja, sprovedenog u periodu od marta do decembra 2013. godine, bio je procena potencijalnog rizika od infekcije uzroĉnikom Lajmske bolesti, kao i utvrĊivanje stope inficiranosti i uĉestalosti infekcije razvojnih stadijuma krpelja vrste Ixodes ricinus bakterijom Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Pored toga, istraţivanjem je obuhvaćen faunistiĉki sastav populacija krpelja u šumskim ekosistemima ispitivanog podruĉja, utvrĊivanje najĉešće prisutnih vrsta, polna i uzrasna struktura, kao i sezonska dinamika populacija krpelja sa odabranih lokaliteta. U toku istraţivanja krpelji su prikupljani iz prirode sa ĉetiri lokaliteta, a ukupno je prikupljena i do nivoa vrste determinisana 1041 jedinka krpelja. PotvrĊeno je prisustvo ĉetiri vrste, iz tri roda: Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus 1758), Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini & Fanzago 1878), Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch 1844) i Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer 1776). Kvantitativni i kvalitativni sastav populacija krpelja pokazao je znaĉajne varijacije izmeĊu pojedinih lokaliteta. Dokazano je postojanje krpelja inficiranih uzroĉnikom B. burgdorferi na dva lokaliteta. Proseĉna stopa infekcije bila je 18,32 %, a prevalencija kod ţenki kretala se od 0 do 42,86 %, muţjaka od 0 do 41,66 %, a nimfi od 0 do 50 %. Najveći rizik od infekcije uzroĉnikom Lajmske bolesti zabeleţen je u junu na lokalitetu Andrevlje (0,23), dok je na lokalitetu šuma Instituta za topolarstvo rizik od infekcije potvrĊen u dva perioda u toku godine, u julu (0,05) i septembru (0,017). Najveće vrednosti entomološkog indeksa rizika zabeleţene su u periodu jun-jul, što ukazuje na postojanje pozitivne korelacije izmeĊu povećane aktivnosti krpelja i indeksa rizika. Ključne reči: Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., krpelji, Ixodes ricinus, stopa infekcije, entomološki indeks rizika. 4 Prevalencija zaraženosti krpelja vrste Ixodes ricinus uzročnikom Borrelia burgdorferi u šumskim ekosistemima INFECTION PREVALENCE OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN IXODES RICINUS IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ABSTRACT The main goal of this research, conducted from March to December 2013, was to assess the potential risk of infection by Lyme disease, as well as the determination of infection rates and infection frequency of different development stages of the tick species Ixodes ricinus caused by bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In addition, this research includes the composition of the fauna of ticks in examined areas of forest ecosystems, identification of the most common present species, identification of gender and age structure, as well as the seasonal dynamics of populations of ticks within chosen locations. During the research unfed ticks were collected from four locations of their natural habitat, and the total amount that was collected and determined up to species level is 1041 of individual ticks. The presence of four species was confirmed, which originates from three genera: Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus 1758), Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini & Fanzago 1878), Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch 1844) and Dermacentor marginatus (Sulzer 1776). Quantitative and qualitative composition of the population of ticks demonstrates considerable variation between respective locations. Approved presence of ticks infected with B. burgdorferi was found within two locations. Average infection rate was 18.32%, and the prevalence within females ranged from 0 to 42.86%, within males from 0
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