By Dr. C.L. Khanna

Revised & Enlarged Edition

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, -2 © Publishers

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ISBN : 978-81-7482-408-0 Price : 150/- (Rs. One Hundred Fifty Only)

Code No. 939

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA CONTENTS

1. : At a Glance…………………………………………………………… 3–7 2. Uttar Pradesh : An Introduction……………………………………………………… 8–9 3. …………………………………………………………… 10–14 4. Role of Uttar Pradesh in Independence Movement………………………………… 15–18 5. Geological Structure and Physical Divisions of Uttar Pradesh…………………….. 19–20 6. Rivers and Lakes of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………. 21–24 7. of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………… 25–27 8. Soils of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………………. 28–29 9. Forests, Animals and Birds of Uttar Pradesh ………………………………………. 30–33 10. Mineral Wealth of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 34–35 11. Natural Regions of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………….. 36–37 12. Population and Area in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………… 38–41 13. Education in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 42–50 14. Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………….. 51–53 15. Industries in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 54–58 16. Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects in Uttar Pradesh…………………………….. 59–64 17. Transport and Communication in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………… 65–67 18. Co-operative in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………… 68–69 19. Labour and Employment in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………. 70–71 20. News Papers and Magazines of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………….. 72–74 21. Famous Towns, Religious Centres and Tourist Places of Uttar Pradesh……...…… 75–80 22. Fairs, Festivals and Folk Songs of Uttar Pradesh………………………………….. 81–82 23. Scheduled Tribes of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………… 83–87 24. Museums of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………. 88–88 25. Administration of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 89–92 26. Local Self-Government in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………… 93–94 27. Information and Public Relation in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………. 95–95 28. Social Welfare…………………………………………………………………… 96–100 29. Rural Development in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………. 101–104 30. Panchayati Raj…………………………………………………………………… 105–107 31. Regional Development………………………………….……………………….. 108–109 32. Land Reform…………………………………………………………………….. 110–112 33. Uttar Pradesh Towards Progress………………………..……………………….. 113–120 34. Uttar Pradesh : Export Policy and Achievement………………………………... 121–127 35. Uttar Pradesh : Present Day……………………………………………………… 128–130 36. Division, District, Tehsil and Development Blocks of Uttar Pradesh………….. 131–148 ● Objective Questions and Answers……………………………………………... 149–176 Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge

1 Uttar Pradesh : At a Glance

Location—Latitude 24°-31° N and longitude State Language of Uttar Pradesh— ° ° 77 -84 E. State Tree of Uttar Pradesh—Ashok Tree Creation of state—It was created on 1st Agriculture —Staple crops Rabi and Kharif, April, 1937 as United Province which was pulses, sugarcane, vegetables, mango and guava. renamed to as Uttar Pradesh in 1950. Principal Crops—Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Area—2,40,928 sq. km. (7.3% of the Millet, Maize, Urad (Black Gram), Moong (Green country's geographic area) Gram), Arhar etc. Population—As per Census 2011, the total Principal Minerals—Lime-Stone, Dolomite, population of Uttar Pradesh is 199,581,477. Uttar Soap Stone, Gypsum, Bauxite, Glass-sand, Pradesh holds 1st position in population wise and manganese, Non-plastic fire clay etc. become the most populous state of . Principal Handicrafts—Chikan-work, Emb- Only four countries namely China, USA, roidery, wood work, wooden toys and furniture, Indonesia and Brazil have a population higher Clay-toys, carpet weaving, Silk & Brassware work. than that of Uttar Pradesh Main Industries—Cement, vegetable oils, Capital—Lucknow textiles, cotton yarn, sugar, jute, Lock & Scissors, Neighbouring states/ country—Uttar Carpet, Brassware, Glassware & Bangles Pradesh is bounded by and Nepal in Main Folklores—Kajari, Chaiti, Alha, Puran North, and in South, Bhagat, Dhola Bhartrihari, Birha, Rasiya Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi in West and Bihar Main Folk Dances and Jharkhand in East. —Pandav, Karma, Char- kula, Paidanda, Tharu, Dhobiya, Rai and Shera Principal Languages—Hindi and Tourist and Historical Places—, Districts—75 Vindhyachal, , Chitrakoot, Prayag, Division—18 Naimisharanya, , Vrindavan, Dewa Tehsils—303 Sharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chisti in Blocks—822 , Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa and Kaushambi, Agra, Villages—109629 Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, , Cities—631 , Jaunpur, , Mahoba, Devgarh, Nagar Nigams—11 Bithur, and Vindhyachal. Members of Vidhan Sabha—404 Main Rivers—Ganga, , Gomti, Members of Vidhan Parishad—100 and members from Uttar Pradesh— Physical Features—Uttar Pradesh can be 80 divided into three distinct hypsographical regions— Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh—31 ● The sub-Himalayan Terai region in the North- Highly fertile soil, thick forests with rich flora State Animal of Uttar Pradesh—Swamp and fauna. Deer ● The Gangetic Plain in the centre—Highly State Bird of Uttar Pradesh—Sarus Crane fertile alluvial soils; flat topography broken State Flower of Uttar Pradesh—Palash by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers; slope (Butea monosperma) 2 m/km. 4 | U.G.K.

● The Vindhya Hills and plateau in the Major crops—Rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, south—Hard rock Strata; varied topography chickpea and pigeonpea. of hills, plains, valleys and plateau; limited Major vegetables—Potato, Peas & Cabbage water availability. Major fruit grown—Mango, Guava, Banana, Agro-climatic zones-9 agro-climatic zones, and Litchi namely, Bhabhar & Tarai, Western Plain, Central- Important spices produced in the State— Western Plain, South-Western Plain, Central Plain, Onion (6th among States) Turmeric, Chili, Garlic, , North-Eastern Plain, Eastern Plain, Fennel, Fenugreek and Coriander and Vindhyan region. Gross cropped area—255.24 lakh ha. Economic regions—Western, Eastern, Land Holdings— Central and Bundelkhand. Cultivable area—24170403 hectare (82.1% of Cultivated area—166.83 lakh ha total geographical area) U.G.K. | 5

Net area sown—16573478 hectare (68.5% of Soil Types of Uttar Pradesh and their cultivable area). Area Gross cropped area—25.415 million hectare Soil Types Area (ha) Districts Covered Area sown more than once—8.841 million Bhabar soils 510510 , Bijnour hectare Tarai soils 1686740 Pilibit, , Rampur, Bahraich, Sarawasti, Bal- Cropping intensity of—53.54 %. rampur, Siddharth Nagar, Net irrigated area—13.313 million hectare Kushinagar, Maharaj- (By canals—25.18 %, by tubewells—66.94% and ganj, Deoria Alluvial soils 18185300 Central, eastern, western, by others—7.88%). south western part of the Gross irrigated area—19.218 million hectare state Vindhyan 1501290 Mirzapur, Varanasi, Percentage of net irrigated sown area— soils , Sonbhadra 80.3%. Bundelkhand 3192440 Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Total number of land holdings—224.57 lakhs soils Banda, Lalitpur, Mahoba, Chitrakoot Marginal farmers—175.07 lakh (78.0%) Aravali soils 63290 South western area of Small farmers—31.03 lakh (13.8%) Agra Recorded Forest area (2011)—16,583 sq km Farmers hold land above 2 hectare—18.47 (6.88 % of total geographical area). lakh (8.22%). Reserved forests—70.31% Canals and projects—Upper Ganga Canal, Protected forest—8.56% Ganga Canal, Lower Ganga Canal, Eastern Middle Unclassed forests—21.12% Yamuna Canal, Agra Canal, Sarda Canal, Forest cover (2009) Ramganga Canal, Betwa Canal, Ken Canal, —14,341 sq km. Matatila Canals, Rihand Project Canal, Dhasan Vegetation— Canal, Tanda, Dalmau, Bhopauli, Doharighat, Wet tropical deciduous forests Belan pump canals, Tumaria, Khoh, Baur, Dry tropical deciduous forests and Rampura, Lalitpur dams and Kotari project. Tropical thorny forests. Mineral Resources of Uttar Pradesh Reserves (In lakh Mineral Locality District tonnes As on Uses mar. 31st -06) Bauxite Rajauan Chitrakoot 94.22 Alluminium, Refractory Industry China Clay Naudiha, Ramgarh, Garda Sonbhadra 165.0 Ceramics, Refractory Industry Coal Kakri, Bina, Dhughichua, Sonbhadra 7220.00 Thermal Power, Cement, Kharia (source–IBM) Caramics Industies etc. Diaspore Garhmau, Mailar, Jhansi, Mahoba, 0.50 Refractory Gaurari, Tori Lalitpur Pyrophyllite Garhmau, Mailar, Jhansi, Mahoba, 12.17 Refractory, Ceramics, Talc, Gaurari, Tori Lalitpur Insecticide etc. Feldspar Khajraha—Buzurg Jhansi 1.00 Ceramics Industry Silica Sand Shankargarh, Bargarh, Allahabad, 150.00 Glass & Foundry Industry Lalapur Chitrakoot Granite Kalapahar, Khailar, Jhansi, Mahoba, 484919000 Polished slab & tiles Kewal, Bijoli Lalitpur, Banda, M3 Sonbhadra (source–IBM) Dolomite Bari Sonbhadra 200.00 Iron & Steel Industry Limestone Bhalua, Kajrahat, Billi, Sonbhadra 4000.00 Cement & Steel Industry Ghurma Rock Pisnari & Tori Lalitpur 60.00 Fertilizer & Elemental Phosphate Phosphorus Industry Sillimanite Chhipiya Sonbhadra 32.00 Refractory Industry 6 | U.G.K.

Infrastructure ● Various parts of the state are catered to by Educational infrastructure (Approved)— five of the 17 railway zones in India. These 2011-12 are Northern Railways, North Eastern Railways, East Central Railways, North Universities 30 Central Railways and West Central Railways. Colleges 3,553 ● Lucknow is the main junction for the Medical colleges 32 Northern and North Eastern Railways. Polytechnics 425 ● Intra-state rail network is well-developed, Primary schools 155619 connecting the towns and the district Upper primary schools 57,822 headquarters of Uttar Pradesh. ● Health infrastructure— The Delhi Metro Rail links and with Delhi. Medical Colleges 32 Airports— District Hospitals 72 ● The state has six domestic airports, located at Primary Health Centres 3,693 Agra, Allahabad, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Community Health Centres 737 Lucknow and Varanasi. Ayurvedic Hospitals 1,774 ● International flights operate from Chaudhary Unani Hospitals 210 Charan Singh International Airport, Lucknow, Power ( As of September 2013) and Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport, Varanasi. ● Lucknow airport received 1,134,635 Total installed power generation capacity— passengers and Varanasi airport received 14,079 MW, comprising 5,472 MW of state share, 345,018 passengers during April 2013- 4,958 MW of central share and 3,649 MW of September 2013. private share. ● New airports have been proposed at Shrawasti Installed power generation capacity— and Kushinagar districts. 14,079 MW (2012-13). ● The Government of Uttar Pradesh is planning Renewable Energy Potential —3,641 MW to develop an international airport between Of the total installed capacity in the state, Agra and Mathura. the contributions from various sources are— Thermal power— 79.1 per cent Demography Hydro power— 13.3 per cent Description 2011 Renewable energy sources— 5.1 per cent Actual Population 199,581,477 Nuclear power— 2.5 per cent Male 104,480,510 Road type Road length (km) Female 95,331,831 as of June 2012 Population Growth 20.23% National Highways 7,818 Percentage of total Population 16.50% State Highways 7,941 Sex Ratio 912 Other District Roads 169,153 Child Sex Ratio 902 Rural Roads 86,827 Density/km2 829 Total road length 390,256 Total Child Population (0–6 Age) 30,791,331 Railways— Male Population (0–6 Age) 16,185,581 ● The railway network in Uttar Pradesh is the Female Population (0–6 Age) 14,605,750 largest in the country. Literacy 67.68 % ● The state is well-connected to other parts of Male Literacy 77.28 % the country by a railway network spanning Female Literacy 51.36 % over 8,763 km. Total Literate 114,397,555 ● The major sectors and industries serviced by the railways include agriculture, cement, Male Literate 68,234,964 fertilisers, coal and manufacturing. Female Literate 46,162,591 Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge

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