By Dr. C.L. Khanna Revised & Enlarged Edition UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2 © Publishers Publishers UPKAR PRAKASHAN (An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company) 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002 Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101 Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570 E-mail : [email protected], Website : www.upkar.in Branch Offices : 4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, Pirmohani Chowk, 1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah New Delhi—110 002 Kadamkuan, Park, Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate), Phone : 011–23251844/66 Patna—800 003 Bagh Lingampally, Phone : 0612–2673340 Hyderabad—500 044 (A.P.) Phone : 040–66753330 28, Chowdhury Lane, Shyam B-33, Blunt Square, Kanpur Bazar, Near Metro Station, Taxi Stand Lane, Mawaiya, Gate No. 4 Lucknow—226 004 (U.P.) Kolkata—700004 (W.B.) Phone : 0522–4109080 Phone : 033–25551510 ● The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same. ● This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers. ● Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute. ISBN : 978-81-7482-408-0 Price : 150/- (Rs. One Hundred Fifty Only) Code No. 939 Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA CONTENTS 1. Uttar Pradesh : At a Glance…………………………………………………………… 3–7 2. Uttar Pradesh : An Introduction……………………………………………………… 8–9 3. History of Uttar Pradesh …………………………………………………………… 10–14 4. Role of Uttar Pradesh in Independence Movement………………………………… 15–18 5. Geological Structure and Physical Divisions of Uttar Pradesh…………………….. 19–20 6. Rivers and Lakes of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………. 21–24 7. Climate of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………… 25–27 8. Soils of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………………. 28–29 9. Forests, Animals and Birds of Uttar Pradesh ………………………………………. 30–33 10. Mineral Wealth of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 34–35 11. Natural Regions of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………….. 36–37 12. Population and Area in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………… 38–41 13. Education in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 42–50 14. Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………….. 51–53 15. Industries in Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………… 54–58 16. Irrigation and Multipurpose Projects in Uttar Pradesh…………………………….. 59–64 17. Transport and Communication in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………… 65–67 18. Co-operative in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………………… 68–69 19. Labour and Employment in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………. 70–71 20. News Papers and Magazines of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………….. 72–74 21. Famous Towns, Religious Centres and Tourist Places of Uttar Pradesh……...…… 75–80 22. Fairs, Festivals and Folk Songs of Uttar Pradesh………………………………….. 81–82 23. Scheduled Tribes of Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………… 83–87 24. Museums of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………………. 88–88 25. Administration of Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………………… 89–92 26. Local Self-Government in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………………… 93–94 27. Information and Public Relation in Uttar Pradesh…………………………………. 95–95 28. Social Welfare…………………………………………………………………… 96–100 29. Rural Development in Uttar Pradesh……………………………………………. 101–104 30. Panchayati Raj…………………………………………………………………… 105–107 31. Regional Development………………………………….……………………….. 108–109 32. Land Reform…………………………………………………………………….. 110–112 33. Uttar Pradesh Towards Progress………………………..……………………….. 113–120 34. Uttar Pradesh : Export Policy and Achievement………………………………... 121–127 35. Uttar Pradesh : Present Day……………………………………………………… 128–130 36. Division, District, Tehsil and Development Blocks of Uttar Pradesh………….. 131–148 ● Objective Questions and Answers……………………………………………... 149–176 Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge 1 Uttar Pradesh : At a Glance Location—Latitude 24°-31° N and longitude State Language of Uttar Pradesh—Hindi ° ° 77 -84 E. State Tree of Uttar Pradesh—Ashok Tree Creation of state—It was created on 1st Agriculture —Staple crops Rabi and Kharif, April, 1937 as United Province which was pulses, sugarcane, vegetables, mango and guava. renamed to as Uttar Pradesh in 1950. Principal Crops—Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Area—2,40,928 sq. km. (7.3% of the Millet, Maize, Urad (Black Gram), Moong (Green country's geographic area) Gram), Arhar etc. Population—As per Census 2011, the total Principal Minerals—Lime-Stone, Dolomite, population of Uttar Pradesh is 199,581,477. Uttar Soap Stone, Gypsum, Bauxite, Glass-sand, Pradesh holds 1st position in population wise and manganese, Non-plastic fire clay etc. become the most populous state of India. Principal Handicrafts—Chikan-work, Emb- Only four countries namely China, USA, roidery, wood work, wooden toys and furniture, Indonesia and Brazil have a population higher Clay-toys, carpet weaving, Silk & Brassware work. than that of Uttar Pradesh Main Industries—Cement, vegetable oils, Capital—Lucknow textiles, cotton yarn, sugar, jute, Lock & Scissors, Neighbouring states/ country—Uttar Carpet, Brassware, Glassware & Bangles Pradesh is bounded by Uttarakhand and Nepal in Main Folklores—Kajari, Chaiti, Alha, Puran North, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in South, Bhagat, Dhola Bhartrihari, Birha, Rasiya Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi in West and Bihar Main Folk Dances and Jharkhand in East. —Pandav, Karma, Char- kula, Paidanda, Tharu, Dhobiya, Rai and Shera Principal Languages—Hindi and Urdu Tourist and Historical Places—Varanasi, Districts—75 Vindhyachal, Ayodhya, Chitrakoot, Prayag, Division—18 Naimisharanya, Mathura, Vrindavan, Dewa Tehsils—303 Sharief, Dargah of Sheikh Saleem Chisti in Blocks—822 Fatehpur Sikri, Sarnath, Shravasti, Kushinagar, Sankisa, Kampil, Piprahwa and Kaushambi, Agra, Villages—109629 Ayodhya, Sarnath, Varanasi, Lucknow, Jhansi, Cities—631 Gorakhpur, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Mahoba, Devgarh, Nagar Nigams—11 Bithur, and Vindhyachal. Members of Vidhan Sabha—404 Main Rivers—Ganga, Yamuna, Gomti, Members of Vidhan Parishad—100 Ramganga and Ghaghara Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh— Physical Features—Uttar Pradesh can be 80 divided into three distinct hypsographical regions— Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh—31 ● The sub-Himalayan Terai region in the North- Highly fertile soil, thick forests with rich flora State Animal of Uttar Pradesh—Swamp and fauna. Deer ● The Gangetic Plain in the centre—Highly State Bird of Uttar Pradesh—Sarus Crane fertile alluvial soils; flat topography broken State Flower of Uttar Pradesh—Palash by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers; slope (Butea monosperma) 2 m/km. 4 | U.G.K. ● The Vindhya Hills and plateau in the Major crops—Rice, wheat, maize, sugarcane, south—Hard rock Strata; varied topography chickpea and pigeonpea. of hills, plains, valleys and plateau; limited Major vegetables—Potato, Peas & Cabbage water availability. Major fruit grown—Mango, Guava, Banana, Agro-climatic zones-9 agro-climatic zones, and Litchi namely, Bhabhar & Tarai, Western Plain, Central- Important spices produced in the State— Western Plain, South-Western Plain, Central Plain, Onion (6th among States) Turmeric, Chili, Garlic, Bundelkhand, North-Eastern Plain, Eastern Plain, Fennel, Fenugreek and Coriander and Vindhyan region. Gross cropped area—255.24 lakh ha. Economic regions—Western, Eastern, Land Holdings— Central and Bundelkhand. Cultivable area—24170403 hectare (82.1% of Cultivated area—166.83 lakh ha total geographical area) U.G.K. | 5 Net area sown—16573478 hectare (68.5% of Soil Types of Uttar Pradesh and their cultivable area). Area Gross cropped area—25.415 million hectare Soil Types Area (ha) Districts Covered Area sown more than once—8.841 million Bhabar soils 510510 Saharanpur, Bijnour hectare Tarai soils 1686740 Pilibit, Bareilly, Rampur, Bahraich, Sarawasti, Bal- Cropping intensity of—53.54 %. rampur, Siddharth Nagar, Net irrigated area—13.313 million hectare Kushinagar, Maharaj- (By canals—25.18 %, by tubewells—66.94% and ganj, Deoria Alluvial soils 18185300 Central, eastern, western, by others—7.88%). south western part of the Gross irrigated area—19.218 million hectare state Vindhyan 1501290 Mirzapur, Varanasi, Percentage of net irrigated sown area— soils Allahabad, Sonbhadra 80.3%. Bundelkhand 3192440 Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Total number of land holdings—224.57 lakhs soils Banda, Lalitpur, Mahoba, Chitrakoot Marginal farmers—175.07 lakh (78.0%) Aravali soils 63290 South western area of Small farmers—31.03 lakh (13.8%) Agra Recorded Forest area (2011)—16,583 sq km Farmers hold land above 2 hectare—18.47 (6.88 % of total geographical area). lakh (8.22%). Reserved forests—70.31% Canals and projects—Upper Ganga Canal, Protected forest—8.56% Ganga Canal, Lower Ganga Canal, Eastern Middle Unclassed forests—21.12% Yamuna Canal, Agra Canal, Sarda Canal, Forest cover (2009) Ramganga Canal, Betwa Canal, Ken Canal, —14,341 sq km. Matatila Canals, Rihand Project Canal, Dhasan Vegetation— Canal, Tanda, Dalmau, Bhopauli, Doharighat, Wet tropical deciduous forests Belan pump canals, Tumaria, Khoh, Baur, Dry tropical deciduous forests and Rampura, Lalitpur dams and Kotari project. Tropical thorny forests. Mineral Resources of Uttar Pradesh Reserves (In lakh Mineral Locality District tonnes As on Uses mar. 31st -06) Bauxite Rajauan Chitrakoot 94.22 Alluminium, Refractory Industry China Clay Naudiha, Ramgarh, Garda Sonbhadra 165.0 Ceramics, Refractory Industry Coal Kakri, Bina, Dhughichua, Sonbhadra 7220.00 Thermal Power, Cement, Kharia (source–IBM) Caramics Industies etc. Diaspore Garhmau, Mailar, Jhansi, Mahoba, 0.50 Refractory Gaurari, Tori Lalitpur Pyrophyllite