DOCSLIB.ORG

Prasejarah Song Keplek Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prasejarah Song Keplek Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur Ribuan Gunung, Ribuan AJat Batu Prasejarah Song Keplek, Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur Seri Terjemahan Arkeologi No. 7 Ribuan GUllung, Ribuan AJat Batu Prasejarah Song Keplek Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur HUBERT FORESTIER Diterjemahkan oleh GUSTAF SIRAIT, DANIEL PERRET & IDA BUDIPRANOTO Disunting oleh Prof. Dr. TRUMAN SIMANJUNTAK KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) École française d'Extrême-Orient Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional Forum Jakarta-Paris 2007 Judul asli: Technologie et typologie de la pierre taillée de deux sites holocènes des Montagnes du Sud de Java (Indonésie) oleh Hubert Forestier © Hubert Forestier, Paris, 1998 Disertasi Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Judul terjemahan: Ribuan Gunung, Ribuan Alat Batu: Prasejarah Song Keplek, Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur © Hak penerbitan terjemahan Indonesia pada KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia); Jakarta Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang Diterbitkan oleh KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) bekerja sama dengan École française d'Extrême-Orient, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional dan Forum Jakarta-Paris KPG l6l-2007-90-S Tata letak: Laurence Billault (IRD Orléans) Cet ouvrage, publié dans le cadre du programme d'aide à la publication, bénéficie du soutien du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères à travers le Service de Coopération et d'Action Culturelle de l'Ambassade de France en Indonésie et le Centre Culturel Français de Jakarta. Buku ini diterbitkan dalam rangka program bantuan penerbitan dengan dukungan Departemen Luar Negeri Prancis, melalui Bagian Kerjasama dan Kebudayaan Kedutaan Besar Prancis di Indonesia serta Pusat Kebudayaan Prancis di Jakarta. Hubert Forestier Ribuan Gunung, Ribuan Alat Batu: Prasejarah Song Keplek, Gunung Sewu, Jawa Timur 314 hlm., 21x 29,7 cm ISBN-13: 978-979-91-0064-1 \. ISBN-I0: 979-91-0064-X Alamat Penerbit: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) JI. Permata Hijau Raya Blok A No. 18 Jakarta Selatan 12210 Isi di luar tanggung jawab Percetakan Grafika Mardi Yuana, Bogor Ulttee~ melttÜ41t9 tem41t~ee Veedet V'ttW4IttO'tO fl41t9 tet4k memde'tt 1t4m4 "~ejo". .. 9tW4 fl41t9 meltc,tltt4t mtd-te'tt fl4~tlt d-e~4et d4kw4 deltd4 meltflemdeeltflt~41t d-ed-ee4tee d4'tt m4t4 fl41t9 mem4ltd41t9ltfl4 .. , '»t. P'toeed-t (.ee tem/td- 'tet'toee()é) , DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar 15 Prakata 19 Ucapan Terima Kasih 23 h~~~~ ~ BAB 1 33 INDUSTRI LITIK DI ASIA TENGGARA: DIMENSI GEOGRAFIS DAN KRONOLOGIS 1) Industri-Industri Asia Tenggara Daratan 38 1.1) Industri-Industri Tertua 38 1.1.1 Myanmar 40 1.1.2 Thai1and 40 1.1.3 Vietnam 41 1.2) Industri-Industri di Penghujung P1estosen dan di Awa1 Holosen 41 1.2.1 Vietnam 43 1.2.2 Tekno1ogi dan Penyebaran Hoabinhian 47 1.2.3 Hoabinhian: Sebuah Sintesis 48 1.2.4 Hoabinhian: Kematian Sebuah Mode1 yang Hampir Sempuma? 50 2) Industri-Industri Asia Tenggara Kepulauan 54 2.1) Industri-industri Tertua 54 2.1.1 Jawa dan Pu1au-Pulau Sekitamya 54 2.1.2 Fi1ipina 57 2.2) Industri Antara 40.000 dan 10.000 Tahun Lalu 57 2.2.1 Sarawak, Sabah, dan Kalimantan 57 2.2.2 Sulawesi 60 2.2.3 Pu1au Flores, Timor dan Am 61 2.2.4 Fi1ipina 62 Ribuan Gunung, Ribuan Alat Satu 2.3) Industri-industri Preneolitik Kala Holosen Antara 10.000 dan 5.000 Tahun lalu 62 2.3.1 Sulawesi: Toalian 63 2.3.2 Jawa Timur: Sampungian 67 2.3.3 Pulau-pulau Iain di Nusantara 71 2.3.4 Filipina 73 BAB II 75 LINGKUNGAN ALAM INDONESIA, JAWA, DAN DAERAH PENELITIAN PEGUNUNGAN SELATAN (JAWA TIMUR) 1) Konfigurasi Geografi Indonesia Sebagai Kepulauan Terbesar Di Dunia 75 1.1) Ciri-Ciri Umum 75 1.2) Keanekaragaman Habitat, Fauna dan Flora 76 1.3) Iklim 77 1.4) Vulkanisme dan Tektonik 80 2) Pulau Jawa Dan Pegunungan Selatan 81 2.1) Morfologi Pulau Jawa 81 2.2) Formasi Pegunungan Selatan di Pulau Jawa 83 2.2.1 Pegunungan Se1atan 83 2.2.2 Selintas Tentang Geografi Gunung Sewu 84 2.2.3 Formasi Gunung Sewu 85 2.2.4 Fauna yang Ditemukan Bersama Dengan Manusia Modern Jawa 87 3) Situs Song Keplek 89 3.1) Keadaan Geografis dan Sejarah Singkat 89 3.2) Area Ekskavasi, Stratigrafi dan Penarikhan 93 3.3) Penemuan-Penemuan Paleontologis dan Arkeologis 94 BAB III 99 PERMASALAHAN, KONSEP DAN METODE PERMASALAHAN 1) Permasalahan 99 1.1) Permasalahan Umum 99 1.2) Sasaran yang Hendak Dicapai Dalam Penelitian Ini 101 2) Metodologi 102 2.1) Pendahuluan 102 2.2) Teknologi dan Konsep-Konsepnya: dari Artefak ke Pembuatnya 106 2.2.1 Kontribusi Konseptual 106 2.2.2 Metode Analisis 109 10 Daftar Isi 2.3) Analisis Peralatan: dari Support yang Dicari hingga Support yang Diretus 111 3) Metode Penelitian: Dasar-Dasar Analisis 113 3.1) Metode Penelitian Terhadap Produk-Produk Pemangkasan 113 3.1.1 Pemilahan Artefak 113 3.1.2 Pengukuran dan Analisis Morfometris 113 3.1.3 Arti Keberadaan dan Posisi Korteks 115 3.1.4 Ciri Dataran Pukul (DP) (Aspek dan Ketebalan) 117 3.1.5 Pendekatan Diakritis 118 3.1.6 Ciri-ciri Bahan Baku 119 3.2) Analisis Support yang Diretus 120 3.3) Analisis Batu Inti 122 3.3.1 Batu Inti 122 3.3.2 Konsep Bentuk, Struktur, dan Volume 122 3.3.3 Batu Inti di Antara Struktur dan Sistem 124 3.3.4 Menuju Kerangka Struktural Pengamatan Bentuk Berfaset 125 3.4) Penerapan Model Pengamatan Teknologis 128 3.4.1 Mengapa Suatu Model? 128 3.4.2 Model dan Sistem Teknis 128 3.4.3 Invarian Teknologis atau Tekno-Tipe 130 3.5) Model Pengamatan Teknologis 131 3.5.1 Rincian Invarian Atau Tekno-Tipe 131 3.5.2 Urutan Teoretis Produksi Serpih 133 Bab IV 141 INDUSTRI LITIK SONG KEPLEK 1) Analisis Teknologis Serpih 142 1.1) Bahan Baku 142 1.1.1 Batu Rijang: Gambaran Umum dan Mutunya untuk Pemangkasan 143 1.1.2 Jenis-Jenis Bahan Baku Yang Digunakan Untuk Pemangkasan 144 1.2) Serpih-Serpih Kotak F8 145 1.3) Serpih Kotak D3 150 1.4) Serpih Kotak B6 155 1.5) Kesimpulan Analisis Teknologis Serpih 156 2) Analisis Tipologis 160 2.1) Serut Samping 160 2.1.1 Kotak F8 (50 buah) 160 2.1.2 Kotak D3 (175 buah) 163 2.1.3 Kotak B6 (149 buah) 165 11 Ribuan Gunung, Ribuan Alat Satu 2.2) Serut Gerigi 168 2.2.1 Kotak F8 (35 buah) 168 2.2.2 Kotak D3 (116 buah) 170 2.2.3 Kotak B6 (105 buah) 172 2.3) Serut Cekung 174 2.3.1 Kotak F8 (35 buah) 174 2.3.2 Kotak D3 (94 buah) 176 2.3.3 Kotak B6 (113 buah) 178 2.4) Pisau Berpunggung A1ami 182 2.4.1 Kotak F8 (39 buah) 182 2.4.2 Kotak D3 184 2.4.3 Kotak B6 (22 buah) 185 2.5) Serut Ujung 186 2.5.1 Kotak F8 (11 buah) 186 2.5.2 Kotak D3 (4 buah) 188 2.5.3 Kotak B6 (6 buah) 188 2.6) Gurdi 190 2.6.1 Kotak F8 (21 buah) 190 2.6.2 Kotak D3 (18 buah) 192 2.6.3 Kotak B6 (32 buah) 194 2.7) Limas 196 2.7.1 Kotak F8 (11 buah) 196 2.7.2 Kotak D3 (11 buah) 196 2.7.3 Kotak B6 (9 buah) 198 2.8) Serpih dengan Jejak Pakai 198 2.8.1 Kotak F8 (152 buah) 198 2.8.2 Kotak D3 (230 buah) 200 2.8.3 Kotak B6 (217 buah) 202 3) Batu Inti Dari Song Keplek 204 3.1) Pengamatan Skema Pembuatan Batu Inti dari Kotak F8 207 3.2) Analisis Skema Pembuatan Batu Inti dari Kotak D3 223 3.3) Pengamatan Skema Pembuatan Batu Inti dari Kotak B6 240 BAB V 251 PENUTUP 1) Sintesis Analisis Artefak Litik dari Song KepIek 251 1.1) Support-Alat 251 1.2 ) Batu Inti dan Metode Pemangkasan yang Digunakan 254 1.3) Hubungan Antara Bentuk dan Struktur Dalam Tekno1ogi Litik 261 12 Daftar Isi 2) Kesimpulan dan Korelasi Regional 268 2.1) Ikhtisar Pendekatan yang Dipilih 268 2.2) Kecenderungan Umum Produksi: Artefak-artefak Kortikal dan Memanjang 269 2.3) Kecenderungan Umum Alat-alat 269 2.4) Algoritme: Suatu Metode, Suatu Teknik, dan Sejumlah Volume 270 2.5) Bagaimana Halnya Dengan Pandangan Tentang 271 Posisi Kronologis Industri Ini? 17 Glosarium 273 Daftar Pustaka 281 Daftar Ilustrasi 299 Indeks 305 13 KATA PENGANTAR Prof. Dr. Harry Truman Sima11iuntak Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional International Center for Prehistoric and Austronesian Studies (ICPAS) "Bahan alat-alat serpih ini semestinya berasal dari Pegunungan Selatan ", demikian kurang lebih pemikiran G.H.R. von Koenigswald ketika dia menemukan alat-alat serpih di Bukit Ngebung, Sangiran pada tahun 1934. Atas dasar pemikiran itu pula, maka setahun kemudian, dia bersama M WF Tweedie, kurator Rajjles Museum di Singapura, mengunjungi daerah Punung yang merupakan bagian dari Pegunungan Selatan, dan secara tidak diduga, mereka justru menemukan situs Paleolitik yang sangat kaya: Kali Baksoka. Betapa senangnya Koenigswald di kala itu, hingga konon bersama kepala desa setempat ia menggelar pertun­ jukan wayang selama 7 hari 7 malam untuk merayakan penemuan itu. Diinformasikan pula bahwa tidak kurang dari 3.000 artefak berhasil dikumpulkan dari situs ini di kala itu. Penemuan bersejarah di atas menjadi momentum yang mengawali penelitian arkeologi berkelanjutan di Pegunungan Selatan, khususnya wilayah Pegunungan Seribu yang lebih dike­ nal sebagai Gunung Sewu. Penemuan itu sekaligus menjadikan wilayah ini dikenal luas di dunia prasejarah. Kini, selama lebih dari 70 tahun semenjak penemuan itu, hasil-hasil peneli tian telah memunculkan pandangan-pandangan baru dalam menjelaskan kehidupan prasejarah wilayah ini. Dari penelitian-penelitian itu pula tampak pada kita bahwa wilayah Gunung Sewu merupakan kompleks hunian prasejarah yang sangat luas, intensif, dan berkesinambungan dalam rentang Plestosen-Holosen.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Early Modern Human from the Pes¸Tera Cu Oase, Romania
    An early modern human from the Pes¸tera cu Oase, Romania Erik Trinkaus*†, Oana Moldovan‡,S¸ tefan Milota§, Adrian Bıˆlga˘r¶, Laurent¸iu Sarcina§, Sheela Athreyaʈ, Shara E. Bailey**, Ricardo Rodrigo††, Gherase Mircea§, Thomas Higham‡‡, Christopher Bronk Ramsey‡‡, and Johannes van der Plicht§§ *Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; ‡Institutul de Speologie ‘‘Emil Racovit¸a˘ ,’’ Clinicilor 5, P.O. Box 58, 3400 Cluj, Romania; §Pro Acva Grup, Strada˘Surduc 1, 1900 Timis¸oara, Romania; ¶Strada˘Decebal 1, 1500 Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania; ʈDepartment of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843; **Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street, Washington, DC 20052; ††Centro Nacional da Arqueologia Na´utica e Subaqua´tica, Instituto Portugueˆs de Arqueologia, Avenida da India 136, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal; ‡‡Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, 6 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3QJ, United Kingdom; and §§Centrum voor Isotopen Onderzoek, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Contributed by Erik Trinkaus, August 8, 2003 The 2002 discovery of a robust modern human mandible in the Pes¸tera cu Oase, southwestern Romania, provides evidence of early modern humans in the lower Danubian Corridor. Directly accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (14C)-dated to 34,000– 36,000 14C years B.P., the Oase 1 mandible is the oldest definite early modern human specimen in Europe and provides perspec- tives on the emergence and evolution of early modern humans in the northwestern Old World. The moderately long Oase 1 mandi- ble exhibits a prominent tuber symphyseos and overall proportions that place it close to earlier Upper Paleolithic European specimens.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary International 603 (2021) 40–63
    Quaternary International 603 (2021) 40–63 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint Taxonomy, taphonomy and chronology of the Pleistocene faunal assemblage at Ngalau Gupin cave, Sumatra Holly E. Smith a,*, Gilbert J. Price b, Mathieu Duval c,a, Kira Westaway d, Jahdi Zaim e, Yan Rizal e, Aswan e, Mika Rizki Puspaningrum e, Agus Trihascaryo e, Mathew Stewart f, Julien Louys a a Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia b School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia c Centro Nacional de Investigacion´ Sobre la Evolucion´ Humana (CENIEH), Burgos, 09002, Spain d Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia e Geology Study Program, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40132, Indonesia f Extreme Events Research Group, Max Planck Institutes for Chemical Ecology, the Science of Human History, and Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Ngalau Gupin is a broad karstic cave system in the Padang Highlands of western Sumatra, Indonesia. Abundant Taxonomy fossils, consisting of mostly isolated teeth from small-to large-sized animals, were recovered from breccias Taphonomy cemented on the cave walls and unconsolidated sediments on the cave floor.Two loci on the walls and floorsof Cave Ngalau Gupin, named NG-A and NG-B respectively, are studied. We determine that NG-B most likely formed as a Pleistocene result of the erosion and redeposition of material from NG-A. The collection reveals a rich, diverse Pleistocene Southeast Asia Hexaprotodon faunal assemblage (Proboscidea, Primates, Rodentia, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora) largely analogous ESR and U-series dating to extant fauna in the modern rainforests of Sumatra.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology
    CALIFOR!:HA STATE UNIVERSI'fY, NO:R'l'HRIDGE 'l'HE EVOLUTIONARY SCHENES 0!.'' NEANDER.THAL A thesis su~nitted in partial satisfaction of tl:e requirements for the degree of Naste.r of A.rts Anthropology by Sharon Stacey Klein The Thesis of Sharon Stacey Klein is approved: Dr·,~ Nike West. - Dr. Bruce Gelvin, Chair California s·tate University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·There are many people I would like to thank. Firs·t, the members of my corr.mi ttee who gave me their guidance and suggestions. Second, rny family and friends who supported me through this endea7cr and listened to my constant complaining. Third, the people in my office who allowed me to use my time to complete ·this project. Specifically, I appreciate the proof-reading done by my mother and the French translations done by Mary Riedel. ii.i TABLE OF' CONTENTS PAGE PRELIMINA:H.Y MATEIUALS : Al")stra-:-:t vi CHAP'I'ERS: I. Introduction 1 II. Methodology and Materials 4 III. Classification of Neanderthals 11 Species versus Subspecies Definitions of Neanderthals 16 V. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis .i9 VI. The Unilinear Hypothesis 26 Horphological Evidence Transi tiona.l Sp.. ::;:cimens T'ool Complexes VII. The Pre-Neanderthal Hypothesis 58 Morphological Evidence Spectrum Hypothesis "Classic'1 Neanderthal's Adaptations Transitional Evidence Tool Complexes VIII. Sumnary and Conclusion 90 Heferences Cited 100 1. G~<ological and A.rchaeoloqical 5 Subdivisions of the P1eistoce!1e 2. The Polyphyletic Hypothesis 17 3. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis 20 4. The UnilinPar Hypothesis 27 iv FIGUHES: P.Z\GE 5. Size Comparisons of Neanderthal 34 and Australian Aborigine Teeth 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Erik Trinkaus
    9/2014 Curriculum Vitae Erik Trinkaus Education and Degrees 1970-1975 University of Pennsylvania Ph.D 1975 Dissertation: A Functional Analysis of the Neandertal Foot M.A. 1973 Thesis: A Review of the Reconstructions and Evolutionary Significance of the Fontéchevade Fossils 1966-1970 University of Wisconsin B.A. 1970 ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS Primary Academic Appointments Current 2002- Mary Tileston Hemenway Professor of Arts & Sciences, Department of Anthropolo- gy, Washington University Previous 1997-2002 Professor: Department of Anthropology, Washington University 1996-1997 Regents’ Professor of Anthropology, University of New Mexico 1983-1996 Assistant Professor to Professor: Dept. of Anthropology, University of New Mexico 1975-1983 Assistant to Associate Professor: Department of Anthropology, Harvard University MEMBERSHIPS Honorary 2001- Academy of Science of Saint Louis 1996- National Academy of Sciences USA Professional 1992- Paleoanthropological Society 1990- Anthropological Society of Nippon 1985- Société d’Anthropologie de Paris 1973- American Association of Physical Anthropologists AWARDS 2013 Faculty Mentor Award, Graduate School, Washington University 2011 Arthur Holly Compton Award for Faculty Achievement, Washington University 2005 Faculty Mentor Award, Graduate School, Washington University PUBLICATIONS: Books Trinkaus, E., Shipman, P. (1993) The Neandertals: Changing the Image of Mankind. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Pub. pp. 454. PUBLICATIONS: Monographs Trinkaus, E., Buzhilova, A.P., Mednikova, M.B., Dobrovolskaya, M.V. (2014) The People of Sunghir: Burials, Bodies and Behavior in the Earlier Upper Paleolithic. New York: Ox- ford University Press. pp. 339. Trinkaus, E., Constantin, S., Zilhão, J. (Eds.) (2013) Life and Death at the Peştera cu Oase. A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe. New York: Oxford University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01829-7 - Human Adaptation in the Asian Palaeolithic: Hominin Dispersal and Behaviour during the Late Quaternary Ryan J. Rabett Index More information Index Abdur, 88 Arborophilia sp., 219 Abri Pataud, 76 Arctictis binturong, 218, 229, 230, 231, 263 Accipiter trivirgatus,cf.,219 Arctogalidia trivirgata, 229 Acclimatization, 2, 7, 268, 271 Arctonyx collaris, 241 Acculturation, 70, 279, 288 Arcy-sur-Cure, 75 Acheulean, 26, 27, 28, 29, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 58, 88 Arius sp., 219 Acheulo-Yabrudian, 48 Asian leaf turtle. See Cyclemys dentata Adaptation Asian soft-shell turtle. See Amyda cartilaginea high frequency processes, 286 Asian wild dog. See Cuon alipinus hominin adaptive trajectories, 7, 267, 268 Assamese macaque. See Macaca assamensis low frequency processes, 286–287 Athapaskan, 278 tropical foragers (Southeast Asia), 283 Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC), 23–24 Variability selection hypothesis, 285–286 Attirampakkam, 106 Additive strategies Aurignacian, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 78, 102, 103, 268, 272 economic, 274, 280. See Strategy-switching Developed-, 280 (economic) Proto-, 70, 78 technological, 165, 206, 283, 289 Australo-Melanesian population, 109, 116 Agassi, Lake, 285 Australopithecines (robust), 286 Ahmarian, 80 Azilian, 74 Ailuropoda melanoleuca fovealis, 35 Airstrip Mound site, 136 Bacsonian, 188, 192, 194 Altai Mountains, 50, 51, 94, 103 Balobok rock-shelter, 159 Altamira, 73 Ban Don Mun, 54 Amyda cartilaginea, 218, 230 Ban Lum Khao, 164, 165 Amyda sp., 37 Ban Mae Tha, 54 Anderson, D.D., 111, 201 Ban Rai, 203 Anorrhinus galeritus, 219 Banteng. See Bos cf. javanicus Anthracoceros coronatus, 219 Banyan Valley Cave, 201 Anthracoceros malayanus, 219 Barranco Leon,´ 29 Anthropocene, 8, 9, 274, 286, 289 BAT 1, 173, 174 Aq Kupruk, 104, 105 BAT 2, 173 Arboreal-adapted taxa, 96, 110, 111, 113, 122, 151, 152, Bat hawk.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Relationships Between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology Via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling William E
    Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco-cultural niche modeling William E. Banks To cite this version: William E. Banks. Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco- cultural niche modeling. Archaeology and Prehistory. Universite Bordeaux 1, 2013. hal-01840898 HAL Id: hal-01840898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01840898 Submitted on 11 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Université de Bordeaux 1 William E. BANKS UMR 5199 PACEA – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Assessing Relationships between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling Soutenue le 14 novembre 2013 devant un jury composé de: Michel CRUCIFIX, Chargé de Cours à l'Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique Francesco D'ERRICO, Directeur de Recherche au CRNS, Talence Jacques JAUBERT, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence Rémy PETIT, Directeur de Recherche à l'INRA, Cestas Pierre SEPULCHRE, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette Jean-Denis VIGNE, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Paris Table of Contents Summary of Past Research Introduction ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeolithic Continental Europe
    World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 216-239 10 Palaeolithic Continental Europe Alison Roberts 10.1 Introduction The collection of Palaeolithic material from Continental Europe in the Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) is almost of equivalent size to the collection from the British Isles (see Chapter 9), but is not nearly as well known or as well published. It consists mainly of material from France that seems to have been an under-acknowledged highlight of the PRM archaeological collections for most of the 20th century. Despite the obvious care with which French Palaeolithic material was acquired by the museum, especially during the curatorship of Henry Balfour, the collection has mainly been used for teaching and display, rather than as a research resource. Due to the historic lack of work on the collection so far, this chapter presents a preliminary overview, to orient and inform future research, rather than a full account of the collections. The exact numbers of Palaeolithic objects from Europe are difficult to state with certainty due to factors such as unquantified batch registration of groups of objects in the past, and missing or incorrect cultural attributions in the documentation. However, it is estimated that there are c. 3,760 Palaeolithic objects from continental Europe in the PRM, c. 534 of which are from the founding collection of the PRM (PRMFC)(1). The majority of the material comprises c. 3,585 objects from France (Figure 10.1), with smaller collections from Belgium (c. 63 objects), Italy (c.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2016
    2016 Annual Report Board of Trustees Contents Message from the director 7 MANAGEMENT 9 About us: Big general data for 2016 11 Staff 14 Scientific Advisory Board 19 RESEARCH 21 Research Groups 23 Research Projects Hosted by IPHES 29 Research Projects not Hosted by IPHES 33 Research Fellowships 37 Publications 40 Activity as Referee 54 Fieldwork activity 58 Congresses, workshops & seminars 63 Short-term stay at other research centers 79 ACADEMY 83 Degrees and Doctoral Programme 85 PhD Thesis supervised and defended 87 Master Thesis supervised and defended 89 Participation in assessment Committees to evaluate PhD 93 OUTREACH 95 Conferences and talks 97 Outreach publications 104 Science education 105 Management of exhibitions 107 Participatory activities 109 Didactic contents and materials 109 Science Communication 110 KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER & SERVICES 117 2016 Message from the director Robert Sala, IPHES director/IPHES theless they still need an increase in st It is for me a pleasure to introduce the number of papers within the 1 the 2016 Annual Report of Activ- quartile. After accomplishing with ities of the Catalan Institute of Hu- good absolute figures is time for our man Palaeoecology and Social institute to gain the relative score in Evolution. IPHES is a mature institute excellence and increase our cur- st hosting very active research teams rent 31.8% of 1 quartile papers. devoted to the creation and social- isation of knowledge on the human The visibility of the research of an in- evolutionary process in all its dimen- stitute can be also measured by its sions and framework. The scientific presence in the main international activity of our institute is currently congresses.
    [Show full text]
  • New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature22336 New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E. Bailey4, Sarah E. Freidline1, Simon Neubauer1, Matthew M. Skinner5, Inga Bergmann1, Adeline Le Cabec1, Stefano Benazzi6, Katerina Harvati7 & Philipp Gunz1 Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H. heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, a the exact place and time of emergence of H. sapiens remain obscure because the fossil record is scarce and the chronological age of many key specimens remains uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the present day ‘modern’ morphology rapidly emerged approximately 200 thousand years ago (ka) among earlier representatives of H. sapiens1 or evolved gradually over the last 400 thousand years2. Here we report newly discovered human fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and interpret the affinities of the hominins from this site with other archaic and recent human groups. We identified a mosaic of features including facial, mandibular and dental morphology that aligns the Jebel Irhoud material with early or recent anatomically modern humans and more primitive neurocranial and endocranial morphology. In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating)3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established. Furthermore, it shows that the evolutionary processes behind the emergence of H. sapiens involved the whole African continent. In 1960, mining operations in the Jebel Irhoud massif 55 km south- east of Safi, Morocco exposed a Palaeolithic site in the Pleistocene filling of a karstic network.
    [Show full text]
  • “Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic: a Voegelinian Analysis of Some Selected Problems
    “Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic: A Voegelinian Analysis of Some Selected Problems DRAFT ONLY Barry Cooper University of Calgary Paper prepared for APSA Annual Meeting Seattle WA September, 201 2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Philosophy of consciousness 3. “Politics” 4. “Religion 5. Conclusions 3 “Politics” and “Religion” in the Upper Paleolithic 1. Introduction The Voegelinian analysis referred to in the title refers primarily to two elements of the political science of Eric Voegelin. The first is his philosophy of consciousness, systematically developed first in Anamnesis.1 The second is his concept of compactness and differentiation of experience and symbolization. It will be necessary to touch upon a few other Voegelinian concepts, notably his understanding of “equivalence,” but for reasons of space only a summary presentation is possible. A second preliminary remark: the terms “Religion” and “Politics” are in quotation marks because their usage in the context of the Upper Paleolithic is anachronistic, though not entirely misleading. The meaning of these terms is commonsensical, not technical, and is meant to indicate what Clifford Geertz once called “oblique family-resemblance connections” among phenomena.2 Third, as a matter of chronology the Upper Paleolithic conventionally refers to the period between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago (50KYBP- 1 Voegelin refined his analysis of consciousness in the last two volumes of Order and History. These changes are ignored on this occasion. 2 Geertz, Life Among the Anthros, ed. Fred Inglis (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010), 224. 4 10KYBP). It corresponds in Eurasian periodization approximately to the Later Stone Age in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Tool Industries of the European Paleolithic: Insights Into Hominid Evolution and Shifts in Archaeological Theory and Practice from the James B
    TOOL INDUSTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN PALEOLITHIC: INSIGHTS INTO HOMINID EVOLUTION AND SHIFTS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE FROM THE JAMES B. BULLITT COLLECTION by Sophie K. Joseph Honors Thesis Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2020 Approved: ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– R. P. Stephen Davis, PhD (Advisor) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Laurie C. Steponaitis, PhD –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Silvia Tomášková, PhD ABSTRACT From early archaeological excavation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to modern conceptions of Paleolithic stone tool evolution, radiometric dating techniques and studies of paleoenvironment have revolutionized the study of relationships and divisions between these different lithic industries. In addition, there has been a shift from the formal to the functional approach when categorizing lithic industries through time. This project aims to examine how lithic industries in France changed through the Paleolithic and early Neolithic using a curated sample from Dr. James B. Bullitt’s contribution to the North Carolina Archaeological Collection. Early and contemporary archaeological literature about early stone tools are compared and connected to broad theoretical shifts in the field since the 1800s. Because many artifacts in the Collection are used as teaching aids, it is hoped that this project provides insight into the value of the Collection to the study of about Paleolithic hominid evolution. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor and thesis committee chair Dr. Davis: without his diligent guidance and investment of time, this project truly would not have been possible. Furthermore, the James B. Bullitt Collection and larger North Carolina Archeological Collection would not be in the incredibly organized and accessible state they are today without Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of an Unusually Complex Bone Tool from the Late Pl
    *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 Are osseous artefacts a window on perishable material culture? Implications of an unusually 1 2 complex bone tool from the late Pleistocene of East Timor. 3 4 5 2¶&RQQRU6a, Roberston, G.b and Aplin, K. P.a* 6 7 8 a 9 Department of Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National 10 11 University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia, [email protected] and 12 b 13 [email protected]; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 14 15 4072, Australia, [email protected]. * corresponding author (tel: +61 2 61252245; fax: +61 2 6257 16 1893). 17 18 19 20 21 22 Abstract 23 24 25 We report the discovery of a unusually complex and regionally unique bone artefact in a late 26 27 Pleistocene archaeological assemblage (c. 35 ka) from the site of Matja Kuru 2 on the island of Timor, 28 29 in Wallacea. The artefact is interpreted as the broken butt of a formerly hafted projectile point, and it 30 31 preserves evidence of a complex hafting mechanism including insertion into a shaped or split shaft, a 32 33 complex pattern of binding including lateral stabilization of the cordage within bilateral series of 34 35 notches, and the application of mastic at several stages in the hafting process. It provides the earliest 36 direct evidence for the use of this combination of hafting technologies in the wider region of Southeast 37 38 Asia, Wallacea, Melanesia and Australasia, and is morphologically unparalleled in deposits of any age.
    [Show full text]