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The Riders of the Plains

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The Riders of the Plains THE RIDERS OP THE PLAINS .L.HAYDON THE A. H. U. COLQUHOUN LIBRARY OF CANADIAN HISTORY THE RIDERS OF THE PLAINS c I4IG2.T A RECORD OF THE ROYAL NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE OF CANADA 1873-1910 BY A'. HAYDON ILLUSTRATED WITH PHOTOGRAPHS, MAPS, AND DIAGRAMS LONDON: ANDREW MELROSE TORONTO w- THE COPP CLARK CO., LIMITED 1910 -tf TO THE COMPTROLLER THE COMMISSIONER THE ASSISTANT-COMMISSIONERS AND TO ALL THE OTHER OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE ROYAL NORTH-WEST MOUNTED POLICE IN WHOLE-HEARTED ADMIRATION PREFACE have had the opportunity of writing the record of TO the Royal North-West Mounted Police is a great satisfaction and pleasure to me. This fine force, which has maintained the best tradition of the British race in doing its work silently, unostentatiously, and efficiently, has not received its full measure of recognition at the hands of the public. It is a characteristic of the Rider of the Plains that he does not waste words his deeds to this is upon ; due the general ignorance of his solid achievements. He has a manly aversion to the sentimentality that marks most of the descriptive magazine articles through which he has been introduced to the world at large, and apart from these I know of only two volumes that purport to give any serious and reliable account of his activities. It is time that an authoritative history of the Royal Norfch-West Mounted Police should be added to the regi- mental records of the British Empire. To do this has been my object in the preparation of this book. I have endeavoured to give a faithfully exact presentment of the wearer of the scarlet tunic, of the man and his work, without any more embellishment than he himself indulges in when telling his story unofficially. In addition to seeing the Mounted Policeman in all the varied phases of his life, in barracks and on the open prairie, it has been my good fortune and privilege to be admitted into the confidence of the corps, and thus to acquire exclusive and accurate vii PREFACE information and and intimate contact with ; by personal officers and men I have come to realise that the glamour and romance of the far north-west is not a thing of the past, but is still to be read between the lines that separate " " " I have the honour to report from I have the honour to remain" in regimental dispatches. All official records have been placed generously at my disposal, and so far as I am aware my errors are only errors of omission. Should any misstatements of fact, however, be detected, I shall be very grateful for correction. My dedication is my formal expression of thanks for the hospitality extended to me during my stay at headquarters and other R.N.W.M.P. posts. But in this preface I take the opportunity to acknowledge my particular indebted- ness to the Comptroller, Colonel Fred. White, C.M.G., to Commissioner A. Bowen Perry, C.M.G., Assistant- Commissioner J. H. M'lllree, Superintendent G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., Superintendent R. Burton Deane, Inspector J. H. Heffernan, Inspector R. S. Knight, Inspector W. Parker, Inspector A. Allard, Inspector E. A. Pelletier, Assistant- Surgeon S. M. Fraser, and, last but not least, the late Inspector Frank Church, whose sudden and untimely death, which occurred while this book was in the press, I deplore with all his comrades. I desire to add a separate word of thanks to Major- General Sir George A. French, K.C.M.G., the first Com- missioner of the Mounted Police, for placing at my service invaluable material respecting the earliest years of the Force, and for courteously revising the chapters dealing with the history of the corps during his tenure of office. A. L. HAYDON. LONDON, March 1910. viu CONTENTS CHAPTER I. THE NORTH-WEST OP THE PAST. PAOB An historical survey The early explorers the fur companies A new administration The half-breeds' rebellion Extinction of the bison Disaffection among the Indians Illicit traders Colonel Robertson-Ross's reconnaissance. .1 CHAPTER II. THE COMING OF THE POLICE. Sir John Macdonald's scheme First steps towards organisation Lieut. -Colonel G. A. French, Commissioner Recruiting The march westward, July 1874 At the Forks of the Bow and Belly Rivers The Sweet Grass Hills Colonel Macleod and Inspector Walsh in quarters The return to Dufferin . .17 CHAPTER III. OUTPOSTS IN THE WILDERNESS. Colonel Macleod's great task Fort Macleod The first blow at the liquor traffic Dealings with the Indians Chief Red Crow Major-General Selby Smyth Inspection of the Force New posts established Old Fort Walsh The magic of the red coat Important changes Lieut.-Colonel Macleod, second Com- missioner ........ 34 ix CONTENTS CHAPTER IV. INDIAN PROBLEMS. MM The tribes in the north-west Blackfeet and Crees Savage warfare Two sides of the shield" The Moose that Walks "Early Indian treaties The Blackfeet Treaty Indian oratory A bloodless revolution . 52 CHAPTER V. " " SITTING BULL AND THE SIOUX INVASION. Early fugitives (1862) Settling in the west The Custer Massacre First-fruits of Police policy The Blackfeet stand firm Negotiations with the Sioux The Sitting Bull Commission An anxious time Sergeant M'Donald The Bull Elk affair -^Sitting Bull's surrender A contrast in method . 70 CHAPTER VI. CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS. Lieut. -Colonel A. G. Irvine, third Commissioner (1880) Fresh factors in the problem Augmentation of the Force New " headquarters Fort Regina Long distance journeys Have " done my best Notable reforms Arms and equipment Horse-stealing Assisting the Indian Department Railway pioneers ........ 86 CHAPTER VII. RAILWAY PROGRESS : A NEW ERA. The Canadian Pacific Railway Indian disturbances Chief Pie-a- pot Railway strikes Inspector Steele at Golden A critical situation Prohibition duties A desperado from Idaho Fort Walsh abandoned New Fort Macleod Changes in equip- ment The Marquess of Lome's tour .... 102 x CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII. THE NORTH-WEST REBELLION. I. FAOB Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway Grievances of the half-breeds The new land survey Louis Riel Signs of trouble The Bill of Rights The storm breaks Fears for an Indian rising Successful Police manoeuvres The affair at Duck Lake Superintendent Crozier At Prince Albert Wild rumours Militia troops from the east General Middleton takes the field . .120 CHAPTER IX. THE NORTH-WEST REBELLION. II. The Frog Lake Massacre Attack on Fort Pitt Inspector Dickens' gallant defence Indian raid at Battleford The siege raised Colonel Otter's column Assault on Cut-Knife Hill Chief Poundmaker Battle of Batoche's Ferry Enforced inactivity of the Police Colonel Irvine's defence Frenchman's Butte and Loon Lake Inspector Perry's forced march An exciting incident Louis Riel captured Big Bear Execution of Riel . 137 CHAPTER X. TEN YEARS' WORK, 1885-1895. After the war Lawlessness among the Indians Liquor law diffi- culties Cattle-killing A rush of immigrants Visit of the Marquess of Lansdowne Lawrence W. Herchmer, Esq., fourth Commissioner The personnel of the Force A high standard of efficiency Lord Stanley Patrolling the border Prairie fires Death of Sir John Macdonald Reduction in strength Indian progress A wider sphere of operations The Earl of Aberdeen, Governor-General Off to the Yukon . 155 CHAPTER XI. "ALMIGHTY VOICE," BAD INDIAN. Sergeant Colebrook shot Hunt for the murderer On the trail Inspector Allan In a death-trap Shelling the bluff The end " " of the drama The Charcoal case A long pursuit Indian aid Death of Interpreter Jerry Potts . .174 xi CONTENTS CHAPTER XII. IN THE YUKON. I. MM Police protection called for Inspector Constantine Rush to the " " gold-fields Skagway Soapy Smith A miners' meeting Lynch law A gruesome ride Police posts on the summits Relief work Customs officers Mail-carrying and other " " duties A Old man . 188 claim-jumping story D . , CHAPTER XIII. IN THE YUKON. II. New routes to the Territory Inspector Routledge's patrol Inspector Hoodie's patrol Down the Pelly River Disasters of the trail Whiter travel Dog sleds Superintendent Perry " in command Strength of the Force Dawson City Good " Samaritans Winter clothing Crime in the Yukon A case " " of witchcraft Murder Island mystery Label le and Fournier Smart Police work Assistant-Commissioner Wood . 207 CHAPTER XIV. BACK TO THE TERRITORIES. Foreign immigrants Doukhobors Adamites Dreamers Mormon settlements Drains on the Force Lieut.-Colonel A. Bowen Perry, fifth Commissioner Increase of strength " " authorised A 1300 miles' trip Indian Sun Dance Medicine Pipe Society The Great Bond Robbery An arrest hi the Rockies A Royal visit ..... 229 CHAPTER XV. AT THE FRONT IN SOUTH AFRICA. The 1st C.M.R. N.W.M.P. contributions to the war Strathcona's Horse South African Constabulary Notable performances Major Sanders' heroism Lieutenant Chalmers' sad fate A V.C. exploit Scouting An exhibition of riding Distribution of honours The death-roll . 246 xii CONTENTS CHAPTER XVI. PUSHING NORTHWARD. PAOB In Athabasca Detachment at Fort Macpherson In the Arctic Circle Herschell Island Eskimo Inspector Howard Police " posts at Hudson's Bay The-place-where-ghosts-chase- " " " women Fort Churchill On Special Duty King Murder " " Case Title of Royal conferred on the Force Earl of Minto, Honorary Commissioner Earl Grey, new Governor- General Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan created Increase of pay ....... 259 CHAPTER XVII. A BATCH OF STORIES. " " Corporal Smith at Norway House Cowboy Jack's arrest Fighting a prairie fire Sergeant Field's trip Constable Pedley In charge of a madman Sergeant Field again far A tragedy of the north 1788 miles by land and water . 280 CHAPTER XVIII. " HORSE THIEVES AND CATTLE RUSTLERS." A prevalent crime Swift retribution An American apology " " " " Mavericks Sergeant Egan Trapping a thief Rustler methods Need for vigilance A lost foal Detecting brands Patrols on the boundary .
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