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AUTHOR Weisman, JoAnne B.; Deitch, Kenneth M. TITLE and the Great Voyage of Discovery. With a Message from President George Bush. Picture-book Biography Series, Volume 1. REPORT NO ISBN-1-87860-01-3 PUB DATE 90 NOTE 43p.; Volume illustrated by Marion Eldridge. AVAILABLE FROMDiscovery Enterprises, Ltd., 134 Middle Street, Lowell, MA 01852 ($17.95 hardcopy; $7.95 paperback). PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Instructional Materials(For Learner) (051) -- Historical Materials (060)

EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available ."romEDRS. DESCRIPTORS Biographies; *Childrens Literature; Elementary Education; *North American History; *Social Studies; World History IDENTIFIERS *Columbus (Christopher); Explorers

ABSTRACT An illustrated story for young children features Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492.The story begins with Columbus's youth in Genoa, Italy,follows him to Portugal and then to , where he finally recivedbacking for a voyage west to reach the East Indies. Thepreparations for the voyage and the trip itself are accounted for, as well asColumbus's discovery of the New World and interactions with the"Indians." The book also seeks to place the significance of Columbus'sdiscovery in perspective for young readers. A messacie fromPresident George Bush focusing on that theme precedes the story. (DB)

*************** ********** ******************* ********************* * * Reproductions supplief by EDRS are the bestthat can be made * * from the original document. ******* *********** ****** ****** *********************** ****************** CHILI STOPHEI CLUMBUS and the Great VoNao-eof Discovery

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joAnrio i. \v-ekm" ondkcrowth Nd. Christopher Columbus and the Great Voyage of Discovery

with a message from President George Bush

Written by JoAnne B. Weisman and Kenneth M. Deitch

Illustrated by Marion Eldridge

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Discovery Enterprises, Ltd., Lowell, Massachusetts All rights reserved. No part ot this book maybe reproduced, stored in a irtrieval system, or transmitted in anyform or by any means. electronic,mechanical, priotocopsed. recorded, or otherwise, without priorwritten permission of the authors or publisher, except tor bnet quotesand illustrations used tor review purposes. JoAnne B. Weisman, 1990 text Marion Eldridge, 1990 illustration

ISBN 1-878668-01-3 paperbackedition library of Congress Catalog CardNumber 90-81362

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A Word on the Literature Adults introducing children to Columbus maywant additioi informa- tion. The bellwether is: SamuelEliot Morison, Admiral of the OceanSea: A Life of Christopher Cdumbus(Little, Brown and Company. ,1942; Northeastern University Press, Boston,1983). For first-hand flavor, seeThe Log of Christopher Columbus,translated by Robert FL Fuson(International Marine Publishing Company, Camden,Maine, 19871. On the question ot which island in isGuanaharU, Columbus' San Salvador, see the articles by (photographs by James L. Stanfield)and Luis of Marden in National Geograpinc ofNovember 1986 and also a number the articles in Pnveedings, FirstSan Saltudor Conference: Columbusand lbs World, compiled by Donald T. Gerace(College Center of the Finger Likes, Bahamian Field Station,Fort Liuderdale, Florida, 1987).

Acknowledgments Jeffrey Pollock, book design Jay Connolly, jacket designand illuminated letters Nancy Myers, typography Phyllis Dougherty, production With special thanks to thefollowing individuals for their help and support inthis project: The Honorable Maxwell M.Rabb Bernard A. Streeter, Jr. Edward S. Gruson and Morton L. Deitch Matilda S. and Daniel Smith Ruth and Francis 1.. Burger

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We are approaching a momentous year in history, a year that will mark the five hundredth anniversary of one of the greatest achievements of human endeavor: Christ')pher Columbus discovery of the New World. Columbi,s' first journey took lust thirty-three days. but it was to change the outlook of the world forever. His explorations in 1492 led mankind on a path of discovery that has never ceased to challenge and surprise us. As a result of this man's great courage and determination, ideas and people have passed between the Old World and the New World for half a millennium. (Thristopher Columbus not only opened the door to a New World. but also 1;et an example for us all by showing what monumental feats can be accorn puished through perseverance and faith. I strongly encourage every American to support the Quincentenary, and to discover the significance that this milestone in history has in Ins or her own life. God bless -you. .somaa arriormor...... t..a...... tstkit, , vax. WI AI : i At i r. @ OD st Ifl , i. 1 -e e i r ";I L.11 %- 1 tr :.I moo. : -*IWO lill, , -Z-FtAZillali il I 1011.1111.IIIMML--._:arillIS r 1, rajII.;11 ibt AtI OS ....,* 7 -4111-44110iiati4.10j,_so_A. ____.d...... _,... _ ..._____,_A-1,...... 4.....- --1.1.11' laiii,Iteal iT4/1111F- gi ::-411 II ._.1rtst A .-:=1A ...."...._-_,,,f . mo ' *sr sttp- . '",--..... g//10. '--- I Iele 415V ?e.l. ..:7, IS .110,,k 1 Sit ...... ,.....---- ././.'-.4F ....iger....1., 41ItiMikw110/==m1r.dr\ _...... -t.- .: ,;,..: & . t....,-7.' - ,... A....-- ...t..-...... :. - 1 \ IN.. 11. .t. -...... onew '''.1.'.1.,..e -. --7-rdeittatomm- 1 , ...._. ,...- .,- .,...... - ' ,,...... ,...... --. 40-422100010. 1=1=Mor-_ t 411110 -. 411.0111111/11111111.... Attlo 4 .`.'.._,... :4111 .1, 01. . s . ,.....:...... ,,. *...... ,...-::::------,..__.,,,...... , ...,...... _ .... v ..7s_ r.ir --IL's - a-' - -_.,_ ..ia-. .uJa \ 1 ,..M..-A ..P. ,.....e0; . s...... iimmithilridE=t, ...,...._ ciirr77=31 , Animenftwep_e

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we hundred Years ago,there was a boy in Italy who loved the sea. in his town of Genoa he often watched the sailors from faraway places, coming and going from the busy portand he longed to go with them. Christopher Columbus, for that was his name, learned his father's craft of weaving, but in his mind he was weaving tales of the adventures that he someday would have. As a young bov, Christopher looked on with keen in- terest and excitement at the activity in the coves and harborsaround Genoa, watching local craftsmen build the sailing ships used for tfade in the nearby waters. As he grew up, when he wasn't studying maps and charts with his younger brother Bartholomew, he sailed the Medi- terranean and learned everything he could about navigationfrom the seasoned sailors who were his crew mates. When Christopher was twenty-tour years old, he ioined the crew of the trading ship &cholla. lis adventure on that trip would change the world.

7 The Great Adventure Takes Shape

ot far from Cape St. Vincent, a famous landmark on the coast of Portugal, the Bei:/alia was attacked by a war fleet, armed with cannons. Injured and cast into the sea, Columbus grabbed onto a floating oar. He struggled through the water for six miles. When he reached the shore, he found he had arrived in Portugal, near Lisbon, its main city. Portugal in 1476 was the perfect place for Columbus. Thanks to Prince Henry the Navigator, it had become a gathering place for young men with ambitions for sea adventure. And, as it happened. Christopher's brothe'r Bartholomew had till-ea& come to live in Lisbon. He joined his brother in selling maps. This vork gave Christopher many opportunities to trade stories with other sailors who yearned to sail to foreign lands and untold the secrets of a vet undiscovered world.

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In May of 1492, preparationsbegan in the port. Two car- avels, the Nina and the Pinta,and the slightly larger andslower flag- ship, the Sanhi Maria, werereadied. The ships were smalland made of tvood. Most likely, theSanta Maria was around eightyfeet long, the Pinta around seventyfeet, and the Nina slightlyshorter. Recruiting the crew tookmuch effort. Although the pros- pect of sailing to newlands and finding gold andspices excited the local sailors, many werealso apprehensive aboutcrossing the Sea of Darkness. The experiencedmembers of the crew knewthat they would have a crowded anduncomfortable trip at best, andmight never again return honw, at worst.All in all, ninety men andboys ioined the crew, including some tsv,young astwelve years old. Along with Coluinbw, ascaptain of theaYJtI Alarm, and Martin Alms() Pinzon, an experienced sailor from Palos, as captain of the Pinta, the King and Queen sent two royal officials. In addition to the sailors, the crew included a doctor, a clerk, a carpenter, a cook, a caulker to repair cracks, a cooper to care for the barrels, a Marshall of the fleet to keep order among the men, and a translator who spoke SpanishArabic, arid Hebrew. For weeks the people of Palos loaded each ship's hold with food and provisionsenough to last a year. They brought fresh water and wine, smoked meats, live chickens,beans, biscuits, cheese, honey, garlic, onions, and sardines. Fishing baskets, tools for repairs, and dry wood for making cooking fires were also piled up ineach ship's hold. Cats were brought on board to make sure that rats from the harbor would not eat the food supplies.

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n August 3, 1492,the little fleet, with its optimistic, vet somewhat wonied crew, embarked on the voyage across the Sea of Darkness, under the command of the adven- turous Christopher Columbus. Three days out, heavy seas detached the Pinta's rudder. The small fleet stopped at the Canary Islands for repairs to the Pinta, new sails for the Nina,and more provisions for the crew. Three weeks later they set sail once again for the Indies. Life aboard ship was rugged. With no bunks forsleeping, and no place inside to cook or to bathe, the sailorsslept, cooked, and ate on the crowded decks, andbathed in the ocean when the seas were calm and clear.To tell time, the ship's boys kept a watchful eve on the half-hour glass, theampolleta, turning it over forty-eight times each day. The ship's compass was the only reliabletool for navigating; sailing by the stars was not done in those days. folumbus, concerned about his men's courageand loyalty, kept two daily logs of the trip. In his private account,he recorded how far he thought they actually were sailing,day-by-dayind he made notes about the crew and the weather.In the journal he shared with the crew, he put down shorter distances so that the menwould not be afraid of sailing so far from home. For most of the voyage,the seas were calm, andthe gentle winds blew steadilywestward. About nine hundredmiles west of the Canary Islands,the fleet entered theSargasso Sea, an unusual part of the ocean.For days, the smallwooden ships cut through mile after mile of tangled massesof thick green seaweed.Because the seaweed suggested to the menthat land was nearby,they were com- forted at first. But thefarther they sailed, the morehightened they became. As legend had it,the monsters in the seaof floating plants had swallowed up many ashipand few had lived totell the tale. The longer the voyagelasted, the more the sailors wondered how they everwould manage to returnhome. Columbus continued to calm and encouragethem. He remindedthem of all the rewards they would receiveif they found land. Still,the crew became one-half uneasy andbegged Columbus to turnback. About four and weeks out of sight ofthe Canary Islands,Columbus promised to turn toward home if land were notsighted within three daysIn that Ivav, he persuaded the hesitant crewto sail onward insearch of India, China, and Japan, atleast for a little whilekmger.

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"Land! Land!"

olumbus had a strong feeling that land was nearby. He watched the birds circling the ship and noted the floating bits of oddly carved wood that dotted the surrounding seas. Several times previously, distant clouds had been mistaken for land. This time they wanted to be absolutely sure. At about two o'clock in the morning of October 12th,I rom t high atop the mast of the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor from the own of Lepe, spottedland. It was an island. There were no telescopes in 1492, and a sailor on lookout had to keep a keen eve on the horizon. The small fleet cut through the seas, illuminated by the almost full moon. The white sand cliffsof the island gleamed in the moonlight, and the silvery sails gently billowed in the wind. Unbeknownst to Columbus and his crew, the island, located in what we today call the 13ahamas, very near the cwst of Florida, was to provide a glimpse in- to a civilization that had never been viewed by Europeans.

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19 Air Columbus Meets the "Indians"

rateful and excited, Columbus vent ashore with several members of the crew. Exotic trees, colorful talking birds, and tropical flowers enhanced the lush green island. It was inhabited by bronze-skinnedpeople, who must have wondered where these strange-looking light-skinned people had come from. They watched curiously as Columbus planted the royal flag on the beach, claiming the land, which he named San Salvador (which means Holy Savior), for Spain. The natives called their island . They were members of the Arawak tribes that lived on the ishnds in the Carib- bean Sea. The people on the warm sunny island wore no clothes. Many had brightly painted faces and wore tiny gold rings in their noses. Their language seemed strange toColumbus; even the inter- preter had to communicate with gestures and pointing. But, as Co- lumbus and his crew soon learned, they were gentle and friendly. Thinking that he had indeed arrived in the Indies, Columbus called the natives "Indians" and gave them gifts ot hawks' bells, red caps, and glass beads from Spain. In a gesture of friendship and peace, they offered Columbus and his shipmates parrots, cotton, and other simple gifts.

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Columbus and his companions spenttwo days explor- ing the island. Then,with a fresh supply ofdrinking water, they lett in search of anotherisland reported to have vast amountsof gold. Columbus made six Indians goalong as guides. 'Fhe crew's travels tookthem past several other islands and on toward , whichthey reached by the end ofOctober. At first Columbus thought hehad finally found Japan(which lie called Cipangp). When it becameclear that he had not, hewondered whether this land could be China(which he called (athay).

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men searched the beautifulisland looking for its cities. They also explored the inland rivers for gold. Rut neither was found. I-loweyer, there were many exciting new things to see. Columbus noted the way the Indians slept in cloth hung between the trees. The Indians called these cloth beds hammocks.lie was fascin- ated by the Indians curious practice of rolling leaves, lighting the ends on fire, and inhaling the aromaticsmoke through their noses. It was tobacco. C olumbus could hardly wait to share these Indian customs with the King and Queen.

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at-tin Alonso Pinion wasimpatient to find gold.lie th-Id heard it was plentiful onthe nearby island ofBabeque, and on November 22, heand his crew sailed away on the Pinta to go andsearch for it. After severaldays ot waiting, Columbus realizedthat Pinzon would notbe returning any time soon, and he washurt and angry. Columbus and his remaining crewfurther e\plored Cuba. The natives there weremasters of canoeing.Each ot the large boats they used washollowed out from a singlelog, and the largest of them could hold up tofifty people. Tlw fruits, vegetables,and phints in the NewWorld \ vere wonderful and so differentfrom those in Spain.Columbus eagerly collected corn, potatoes, cacao,pineapples, peanuts, andtobacco and rubber plants to bringback to his King andQueen. " ,- t - - 1 ' 4... Ai.Y. Veer APPNP., 'Wet

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t7^ Still unable to find gold, Columbus left Cuba to continue his search for Japan and China. He soon reached the western end ot the island of Bohio, now the country named I laiti. Its beauty remind- ed him of Spain, so Columbus named the island I lispaniolo. On Christmas Eve of 1492, the two remaining ships xvere exploring this island's northern coast. On the SantaMaria,all hands were asleep except for one young boy who Nvas steering and keeping watch. Accidentally, the ship ran onto a coral reef close to shore. The boy who was steering shouted out, and Columbus rushed to the deck.

All around there was a great flurry.. of activity, but the ship was solid- ly grounded and damaged beyond repair. As quickly as they could, the local Indians helped Columbus and the crew salvage all of the supplies and carry everything ashore.

With the Pinta gone,and with the Santa Mariadestroyed, Columbus realized that someof his crew would have toremain in the New World. And so,with the help of theIndians, the Santa Maria was disassembled,and its beams wereused to build a fort for the men who would remainbehind. Me site IVLIS :ed La Navidad, which means Christmas inSpanish. About forty sailorsremained there, searching for goldand waiting for a ship to returnthem to Spain. Columbus and the remaining crewset sail from La Nayidad on January 4, 1493, onthe small Nina. Twodays later they had some good luck.They came upon MartinAlonso Pinion, sailing toward them on thePinta. Columbus andPinion made up their differences and eagerlycontinued theirexplorations. ,4 =or 1-,

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N% Heading Home

fter a week ot sailing andfinally finding small amounts of gold in the northern partof Hispaniola, they con- tinued on to another sectionof the island. This bay was inhabited by a tribe called theCiguayos. They were the first Indians Columbus had metwho carried bows and arrows.And so, Columbusnamed the bay "Las Flechas"which means Arrows." The Indians' faces werestained black with charcoal,and their long coarse hair wasfastened in the back withbrightly colored parrot feathers. Eager to get away fromthese Indians, the first unfriend- ly natives they had met,Columbus and his mendeparted hastily for home on January 16th. Taking a morenortherly route home than the one theyhad followed across the oceanto the New Worldproved to be an advantage, as thetiny fleet caught good strongwinds blowing from the west toward Spain, Because Columbus had notorigMally planned to build a fort in the New World, hehadn't counted on leavingfood behind for the men at La Nayidad. Bythe end of January, food wasrunning low on theNina and the Pinta, with onlybread and wine for the vearv sailors. Luckily, by catching aporpoise, a tremendous shark,and many smaller fish, the hungry sailorshad food enough to survivethe terri- fying days ahead.

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he two small shipsmade rapid progresssailing toward home on the westerlywinds. However, just asthey neared the Azores,Portuguese islands severalhundred miles from home, aviolent storm arose. Theraging winds and churning oceanseparated the ships. Forfive days and nights, the terrified crewof the Nina tossedabout in the turbulent destroying sea.Worried that the Ninamight capsize in the storm, all records of theremarkable voyage ofdiscovery, Columbus wrote a briefdescription of the events, puthis document in abarrelind tossed it into the sea. Asfar as we know, it has neverbeen found. Finally, on the 18thof Febniary, the stormsubsided, and the battered Ninaanchored off the wast otthe island of Santa Maria, one of the Azores.The Pnita was nowhere tobe seen.

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board the Nina, there was a desperate need for food and water. Three men were chosen to go ashore. lThen they still had not returned after sunset, Columbus became very worried. Over the Years there had been great competition between Spain and Portugal in the discovery and claiming of new lands. The Portuguese islanders may have thought that the Spanish sailors were unfriendly when they came ashore. Later that evening, three men from the Portuguese island rowed .)ut to tell Columbus that his sailors were with the local official, who wished for more company. 11 le visitors told Columbus of a small chapel on the island, where they would be welcome to pray. Early the next morning, half of the Nina's crew went ashore to pray for their safe return. While deep in prayer in the chapel, they were suddenly taken as prisoners. Later, when the local official learned that Columbus was not among the captured, and was unwilling to come ashore, he released the prisoners and sent them on their way. Perhaps he was not ready to cause trouble between Spain and Portugal by detaining the Spanish sailors any longer. For two days the Nina sailed on toward Spain, and then a new storm arose. As dangerous as the storrnear the Azores had been, it seemed less frightening than the powerful cyclone that ruth- lessly battered the tiny boat for almost a week. This part of the voyage proved to be a far greater chat- . . lenge to Columbus' courage and navigational skills than any other. Finally, the storm subsided. Early in the morning on March 4th, with only one tattered sail left, the Nina, miraculously still afloat, sailed into the mouth of the Tagus River in Portugal and anchored there.

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, The First RoyalWelcome

lthough disappointed thatthe landfall was inPortugal rather than Spain,Columbus and his men werethankful to hay returned acrossthe ocean unharmed. Upon hearing of thearrival, Portugal s King John in- vited Columbus to call uponhim at a monastery notfar from Lisbon. Columbus had mixedfeelings about this Kingwho had turned down his request for supportof the voyage yearsearlier. But along with several crew members andthe Indians he had broughtback, the triumphant Columbus paidhim a brief visit. Columbusdelighted in the opportunity to remindKing John of his badjudgment in not believing in Columbus'plan proposed yearsbefore. The King watch- ed in awe as the Indiansused dried beans to create a mapof tlw Caribbean islands on thefloor right in front ofhim. After a brief visit withthe Queen of Portugal,Colum- bus, anxious to return toSpain before Martin AlonsoPinzon could claim full credit for thediscoveries, boarded theNina for Palos.

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The Triumphant Return n March .15,-1493, exactly thirty-twoweeks frk,:n the day the little fleet hadventured out upon the Sea of Darkness, Columbus andthe crew of the Nina sailed into Palos. Only hoursbehind him the ill and exhaust- ed Martin Alonso Pinzon,captain of the Pinta,navigated his ship into the same harbor.Having hoped to beatColumbus home and claim the victories as his own,Pinzon was distraught. Hequickly headed for his country home,and, within a month of going tobed to tend his illness,he died. Word of Columbus' successtravelled fast. As the fam- ilies and friends of thetired crew rejoiced at theNina's and Pinta's safe return, King Ferdinandand Queen Isabella werealready making

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preparations in Barcelonafor the hero's homecoming.They sent for him at once, with the royalinvitation properlyaddressed to Don Christopher r:olumbus, GrandAdmiral of the Ocean andVicerm and Governor of DiscoveredLands in the Indies. Columbus prepared for the court appearanceby Kiving elegant new clothesfashioned for himself and severalof the officers. Together with the six Indiansdecked out in feathers,fish bones, and gold trimmings, they set outfor Barcelona. The procession that spring wasthe most remarkable ever in Spain.Thousands of people flocked to seethe hero and the strangely painted Indians,who carried colorful parrotsin cages. In Barcekma it seemed as if thewhole city had come out to greetthe Admiral who had discovered newlands in the East for Spain.

39 As Columbus approached, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella rose from their thrones to honor him. They listened to the great explorer unfold the tales of farawaylands, and they showered gratitude and praise upon this dignified mariner who now, truly, had earned the title, Admiral of the Ocean Sea. Columbus felt that hislife and the success of this voyage had been a miracle becauseof his faith in himself and in God. In the coming wars he made three more trips to the islands of the Caribbean and to Central and South America. And although he and his other crews discovered many more exciting things and exotic places, none of the succeeding trips was as suc- cessful or glorious as the first had been. The Admiral of the Ocean Sea died in May F.--)06 with his two sons and a few ck)se friends and servants at hisside. Ihit the memory of what Columbus accomplished endures. ,0 as t' 0 tit 0 0 t 0 I 1 b I II I

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11 Five Hundred Years Later

he great voyage ot diswvery in 1492is one of the most outstanding achievements in history.With it, Christopher Columbus brought together two worlds,each ot ivhich had been compldelv unaware that theother one existed, Not all of the results of the voyage werepositive, but that's another story. What ve Lelebrate at this quincentennialis the spirit ot the Young sailor from(.:;enoa, who followed his dream and led the world to new knowledge aboutits geography and its people. Today this spirit is still alive, as ourscientists search through micro- scopes, and in space,and to the depths of the oceans, bringing new dis(overies to our attention. And whilethis spirit of exploration goes on in its modernform, people in many parts of the world pause to remember Christopher Columbus and tohonor the courage and determination that he exemplified tivehundred years ago. --tassm-anamnams :-"EriiIrMU" Pain Columbus' Azores First Voyage ',AMA Mar.a to the New World ATLANTIC OCEAN

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