Color Combinations and Contrasts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

COLOR COMBINATIONS AND CONTRASTS Full Value Color Combinations Above are 18 color combinations tested for visibility, using primary and secondary colors, of full hue and value. Visibility is ranked in the sequence shown, with 1 being the most visible and 18 being the least visible. Readability It is essential that outdoor designs are easy to read. Choose colors with high contrast in both hue and value. Contrasting colors are viewed well from great distances, while colors with low contrast will blend together and obscure a message. In fact, research demonstrates that high color contrast can improve outdoor advertising recall by 38 percent. A standard color wheel clearly illustrates the importance of contrast, hue and value. Opposite colors on the wheel are complementary. An example is red and green (as shown above). They respresent a good contrast in hue, but their values are similar. It is difficult for the human eye to process the wavelength variations associated with complementary colors. Therefore, a quivering or optical distortion is sometimes detected when two complementary colors are used in tandem. Adjacent colors, such as blue and green, make especially poor combinations since their contrast is similar in both hue and value. As a result, adjacent colors create contrast that is hard to discern. Alternating colors, such as blue and yellow, produce the best combinations since they have good contrast in both hue and value. Black contrasts well with any color of light value and white is a good contrast with colors of dark value. For example, yellow and black are dissimilar in the contrast of both hue and value. Make sure you test your copy before it is produced. Source: A Creative Guide to OOH Advertising For more information visit www.OAAA.org Outdoor Advertising Association of America 2016.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Color Theory for Painting Video: Color Perception
Color Theory For Painting Video: Color Perception • http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/beau_lotto_optical_illusions_show_how_we_see.html • Experiment • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8U0YPHxiFQ Intro to color theory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=059-0wrJpAU&feature=relmfu Color Theory Principles • The Color Wheel • Color context • Color Schemes • Color Applications and Effects The Color Wheel The Color Wheel • A circular diagram displaying the spectrum of visible colors. The Color Wheel: Primary Colors • Primary Colors: Red, yellow and blue • In traditional color theory, primary colors can not be mixed or formed by any combination of other colors. • All other colors are derived from these 3 hues. The Color Wheel: Secondary Colors • Secondary Colors: Green, orange and purple • These are the colors formed by mixing the primary colors. The Color Wheel: Tertiary Colors • Tertiary Colors: Yellow- orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green & yellow-green • • These are the colors formed by mixing a primary and a secondary color. • Often have a two-word name, such as blue-green, red-violet, and yellow-orange. Color Context • How color behaves in relation to other colors and shapes is a complex area of color theory. Compare the contrast effects of different color backgrounds for the same red square. Color Context • Does your impression od the center square change based on the surround? Color Context Additive colors • Additive: Mixing colored Light Subtractive Colors • Subtractive Colors: Mixing colored pigments Color Schemes Color Schemes • Formulas for creating visual unity [often called color harmony] using colors on the color wheel Basic Schemes • Analogous • Complementary • Triadic • Split complement Analogous Color formula used to create color harmony through the selection of three related colors which are next to one another on the color wheel.
[Show full text]
Color Models
Color Models Jian Huang CS456 Main Color Spaces • CIE XYZ, xyY • RGB, CMYK • HSV (Munsell, HSL, IHS) • Lab, UVW, YUV, YCrCb, Luv, Differences in Color Spaces • What is the use? For display, editing, computation, compression, …? • Several key (very often conflicting) features may be sought after: – Additive (RGB) or subtractive (CMYK) – Separation of luminance and chromaticity – Equal distance between colors are equally perceivable CIE Standard • CIE: International Commission on Illumination (Comission Internationale de l’Eclairage). • Human perception based standard (1931), established with color matching experiment • Standard observer: a composite of a group of 15 to 20 people CIE Experiment CIE Experiment Result • Three pure light source: R = 700 nm, G = 546 nm, B = 436 nm. CIE Color Space • 3 hypothetical light sources, X, Y, and Z, which yield positive matching curves • Y: roughly corresponds to luminous efficiency characteristic of human eye CIE Color Space CIE xyY Space • Irregular 3D volume shape is difficult to understand • Chromaticity diagram (the same color of the varying intensity, Y, should all end up at the same point) Color Gamut • The range of color representation of a display device RGB (monitors) • The de facto standard The RGB Cube • RGB color space is perceptually non-linear • RGB space is a subset of the colors human can perceive • Con: what is ‘bloody red’ in RGB? CMY(K): printing • Cyan, Magenta, Yellow (Black) – CMY(K) • A subtractive color model dye color absorbs reflects cyan red blue and green magenta green blue and red yellow blue red and green black all none RGB and CMY • Converting between RGB and CMY RGB and CMY HSV • This color model is based on polar coordinates, not Cartesian coordinates.
[Show full text]
ALL ABOUT COLOR March 2020 USA Version CONTENTS CHAPTER 1
ALL ABOUT COLOR March 2020 USA Version CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 WHO IS GOLDWELL CHAPTER 1 | WHO IS GOLDWELL | 4 WHO IS GOLDWELL 1948 1956 1970 1971 1976 FOUNDED BY SPRÜHGOLD OXYCUR TOP MODEL AIR FOAMED HANS ERICH DOTTER HAIRSPRAY PLATIN BLEACHING TOPCHIC PERMANENT PERM POWDER HAIR COLOR Focusing on hairdressers as business partners, Dotter launched the first Goldwell product: Goldwell Ideal, the innovative cold perm, which was to be followed by a never-ending flow of innovations. CHAPTER 1 | WHO IS GOLDWELL | 5 1978 1986 2001 2008 2009 2010 TOPCHIC COLORANCE ELUMEN DUALSENSES SILKLIFT STYLESIGN PERMANENT HAIR COLOR DEMI-PERMANENT NON-OXIDATIVE INSTANT SOLUTIONS HIGH PERFORMANCE FROM STYLISTS DEPOT SYSTEM HAIR COLOR HAIR COLOR HAIR CARE LIGHTENER FOR STYLISTS CHAPTER 1 | WHO IS GOLDWELL | 6 2012 2013 2015 2016 2018 NECTAYA KERASILK SILKLIFT CONTROL KERASILK COLOR SYSTEM AMMONIA-FREE KERATIN LIFT AND TONE LUXURY WITH @PURE PIGMENTS PERMANENT TREATMENT CONTROL HAIR CARE ELUMENATED COLOR HAIR COLOR ADDITIVES CHAPTER 2 WE THINK STYLIST CHAPTER 2 | WE THINK STYLIST | 8 WE THINK STYLIST BRAND STATEMENT We embrace your passion for beautiful hair. We believe that only together we can reach new heights by achieving creative excellence, outstanding client satisfaction and salon success. We do more than just understand you. We think like you. WE THINK STYLIST. CHAPTER 2 | WE THINK STYLIST | 9 GOLDWELL HAIR COLOR THE MOST INTELLIGENT AND COLOR CARING SYSTEM FOR CREATING AND MAINTAINING VIBRANT HEALTHY HAIR » Every day, we look at the salon experience through the eyes of a stylist – developing tools, color technology and innovations that fuel the creativity, streamline the work, and keep the clients looking and feeling fantastic.
[Show full text]
Rethinking Color Cameras
Rethinking Color Cameras Ayan Chakrabarti William T. Freeman Todd Zickler Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard University Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA Cambridge, MA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Digital color cameras make sub-sampled measurements of color at alternating pixel locations, and then “demo- saick” these measurements to create full color images by up-sampling. This allows traditional cameras with re- stricted processing hardware to produce color images from a single shot, but it requires blocking a majority of the in- cident light and is prone to aliasing artifacts. In this paper, we introduce a computational approach to color photogra- phy, where the sampling pattern and reconstruction process are co-designed to enhance sharpness and photographic speed. The pattern is made predominantly panchromatic, thus avoiding excessive loss of light and aliasing of high spatial-frequency intensity variations. Color is sampled at a very sparse set of locations and then propagated through- out the image with guidance from the un-aliased luminance channel. Experimental results show that this approach often leads to signiﬁcant reductions in noise and aliasing arti- facts, especially in low-light conditions. Figure 1. A computational color camera. Top: Most digital color cameras use the Bayer pattern (or something like it) to sub-sample 1. Introduction color alternatingly; and then they demosaick these samples to create full-color images by up-sampling. Bottom: We propose The standard practice for one-shot digital color photog- an alternative that samples color very sparsely and is otherwise raphy is to include a color ﬁlter array in front of the sensor panchromatic.
[Show full text]
Compression for Great Video and Audio Master Tips and Common Sense
Compression for Great Video and Audio Master Tips and Common Sense 01_K81213_PRELIMS.indd i 10/24/2009 1:26:18 PM 01_K81213_PRELIMS.indd ii 10/24/2009 1:26:19 PM Compression for Great Video and Audio Master Tips and Common Sense Ben Waggoner AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 01_K81213_PRELIMS.indd iii 10/24/2009 1:26:19 PM Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions . This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this ﬁ eld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
[Show full text]
OSHER Color 2021
OSHER Color 2021 Presentation 1 Mysteries of Color Color Foundation Q: Why is color? A: Color is a perception that arises from the responses of our visual systems to light in the environment. We probably have evolved with color vision to help us in finding good food and healthy mates. One of the fundamental truths about color that's important to understand is that color is something we humans impose on the world. The world isn't colored; we just see it that way. A reasonable working definition of color is that it's our human response to different wavelengths of light. The color isn't really in the light: We create the color as a response to that light Remember: The different wavelengths of light aren't really colored; they're simply waves of electromagnetic energy with a known length and a known amount of energy. OSHER Color 2021 It's our perceptual system that gives them the attribute of color. Our eyes contain two types of sensors -- rods and cones -- that are sensitive to light. The rods are essentially monochromatic, they contribute to peripheral vision and allow us to see in relatively dark conditions, but they don't contribute to color vision. (You've probably noticed that on a dark night, even though you can see shapes and movement, you see very little color.) The sensation of color comes from the second set of photoreceptors in our eyes -- the cones. We have 3 different types of cones cones are sensitive to light of long wavelength, medium wavelength, and short wavelength.
[Show full text]
High Resolution Gray Scale Medical Displays - Technical Developments and Actual Products
LCDs High Resolution Gray Scale Medical Displays - Technical Developments and Actual Products MIYAMOTO Tsuneo, HAYASHIDA Katsumi, MATSUI Seiji, MORI Kengo Abstract The trend in improvements to the brightness and contrast of LCD panels is accelerating the shift in medical displays from CRT to LCD panels. In the field of medical displays a precise relative image evaluation between multiple displays is an essential function. However, the alignment of the white points across multiple LCD panels and the deviation of white points caused by deterioration with age are tend to result in a significant increase in the costs and service expenses. The newly developed displays introduced below employ a “new backlight system (called X-Light®)” with a white point adjustment capability that enables long hours of use with stable white points and brightness. Other features that allow the new displays to support accurate medical image diagnoses include the SA-SFT LCD panel that features high brightness and contrast, 11.5-bit gamma circuitry and an integral calibration system. Keywords medical radiogram LCD, CCFL, color calibration, acceptance test, uniformity test 1. Introduction specification with high color temperature and in the clear base specification with a low color temperature. Photo shows exter- The medical displays for use in the reading and referencing nal views of two 3M clear base model units. of images are usually used in pairs in order to compare previ- ous and current images. What is important in this application is ® that the brightness and white points of the two displays are 3. A New CCFL Backlight System (X-Light ) with 1) identical and that their brightness and white points do not vary a 3-Color Independent Brightness Adjustment as time passes.
[Show full text]
Grayscale and Color Generation with SLA/MLA Products
Grayscale and Color Generation with SLA/MLA products Basically, monochrome STN panel is only able to display black and white (On or Off). It is not inherently able to display gray shades or gray scales. Therefore, some driving methods have been developed in order to achieve grayscale and color display. Dithering and Frame Rate Control (FRC) are the two commons driving methods to generate grayscale in STN LCD Panel. Dithering Dithering is achieved by alternately driving some pixels black and some pixels white in a checkerboard type pattern. When using this method, the pattern should be produced in a random order to create the perception of a gray shade. Dithering is performed using a regular or repeating pattern, grayscale effect can then be detected by our human eyes. Here is an example for dithering driving method of using a pattern with 4(2x2) pixels to generate 5 grayscale levels, Visual Grayscale Effect (2 x 2) Unit Pixel Dithering Driving Method Commonly, more advance dithering methods will be adopted in order to generate a better grayscale display. For example, different checkerboard patterns and random “NO” pixel in a pattern may be used to avoid any visual side effects. Frame Rate Control (FRC) Frame Rate Control is achieved by tuning pixels on and off over several frame periods. With sufficient frame refreshing frequency, our human eyes will average out the darkness of a pixel so that the individual pixel will show as gray. Here is an example of using 4 FRC to generate 5 grayscale levels, Frame Visual Grayscale 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Effect + + + = + + + = + + + = + + + = + + + = FRC Driving Method Commonly, FRC is an easier driving method for implementing grayscale.
[Show full text]
Color Schemes Are Combinations of Colors
Color is the reflection of light off of an object into our eyes. Our eyes then read the speed of the light and tell us which color that object is. There are two major categories under the heading of color, they are: 1. Neutrals 2. Colors Neutrals are (combinations of) black and white and all grays Colors consist of: Primary colors Secondary colors Intermediate colors also known as Tertiary colors Primary Colors: are the basic colors that you cannot make by mixing. They are natural colors found in nature. They are red, yellow, and blue. Secondary Colors: are made by mixing any two secondary colors. The secondary colors are orange, violet and green. Intermediate Colors: are made by mixing a primary and a secondary color. The secondary colors are, red-violet, blue-violet, blue-green, yellow-green, yellow-orange and red-orange. Color schemes are combinations of colors. There are many different types of color combinations, however, only four of the most basic are included here. They are: • Complementary colors • Analogous colors • Warm & Cool colors • Monochromatic colors Complementary Colors: are any two colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel. Analogous Colors: are any two colors that are adjacent to (or next to) each other on the color wheel. Warm & Cool Colors: warm colors are those colors that contain combinations of red and yellow. There are six. To help you remember what a warm color is, think of the sun or fire. Cool colors are those colors that contain green and blue. There are six of these too.
[Show full text]
Color Management Handbook
Color Management Handbook Strategies to master color management in the digital workflow. Start applying them today. ver.5 Is that really the correct color? “Is this color good to go?” — A hesitation we often have before making prints in the digital workflow. Photographer Designer Are the application settings on the monitor correctly adjusted Is the image displayed on the monitor really accurate? and does the color match the printed image? Retoucher Printer Is the photograph edited the way it was intended? Do the colors in the design comp and color proof match? 2 Color Management Handbook 3 4 Color Management Handbook Management Color 5 makes it possible to handle data smoothly. data handle to possible it makes photographic, design, and plate making stages, and making it the shared standard, standard, shared the it making and stages, making plate and design, photographic, Maintaining an awareness of the final printed color in the finished product in the the in product finished the in color printed final the of awareness an Maintaining coincide, but color management can make them approximate one another. another. one approximate them make can management color but coincide, color gamuts that can be reproduced. These two gamuts cannot be made to to made be cannot gamuts two These reproduced. be can that gamuts color printing color standard of ISO coated v2, we can tell that there is a difference in the the in difference a is there that tell can we v2, coated ISO of standard color printing work step. work If we compare the color space widely
[Show full text]
Complete Reference / Web Design: TCR / Thomas A
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Complete Reference / Web Design: TCR / Thomas A. Powell / 222442-8 / Chapter 13 Chapter 13 Color 477 P:\010Comp\CompRef8\442-8\ch13.vp Tuesday, July 16, 2002 2:13:10 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Complete Reference / Web Design: TCR / Thomas A. Powell / 222442-8 / Chapter 13 478 Web Design: The Complete Reference olors are used on the Web not only to make sites more interesting to look at, but also to inform, entertain, or even evoke subliminal feelings in the user. Yet, using Ccolor on the Web can be difficult because of the limitations of today’s browser technology. Color reproduction is far from perfect, and the effect of Web colors on users may not always be what was intended. Apart from correct reproduction, there are other factors that affect the usability of color on the Web. For instance, a misunderstanding of the cultural significance of certain colors may cause a negative feeling in the user. In this chapter, color technology and usage on the Web will be covered, while the following chapter will focus on the use of images online. Color Basics Before discussing the technology of Web color, let’s quickly review color terms and theory. In traditional color theory, there are three primary colors: blue, red, and yellow. By mixing the primary colors you get three secondary colors: green, orange, and purple. Finally, by mixing these colors we get the tertiary colors: yellow-orange, red-orange, red-purple, blue-purple, blue-green, and yellow-green.
[Show full text]
Color Calibration Guide
WHITE PAPER www.baslerweb.com Color Calibration of Basler Cameras 1. What is Color? When talking about a specific color it often happens that it is described differently by different people. The color perception is created by the brain and the human eye together. For this reason, the subjective perception may vary. By effectively correcting the human sense of sight by means of effective methods, this effect can even be observed for the same person. Physical color sensations are created by electromagnetic waves of wavelengths between 380 and 780 nm. In our eyes, these waves stimulate receptors for three different Content color sensitivities. Their signals are processed in our brains to form a color sensation. 1. What is Color? ......................................................................... 1 2. Different Color Spaces ........................................................ 2 Eye Sensitivity 2.0 x (λ) 3. Advantages of the RGB Color Space ............................ 2 y (λ) 1,5 z (λ) 4. Advantages of a Calibrated Camera.............................. 2 5. Different Color Systems...................................................... 3 1.0 6. Four Steps of Color Calibration Used by Basler ........ 3 0.5 7. Summary .................................................................................. 5 0.0 This White Paper describes in detail what color is, how 400 500 600 700 it can be described in figures and how cameras can be λ nm color-calibrated. Figure 1: Color sensitivities of the three receptor types in the human eye The topic of color is relevant for many applications. One example is post-print inspection. Today, thanks to But how can colors be described so that they can be high technology, post-print inspection is an automated handled in technical applications? In the course of time, process.
[Show full text]