Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries for the Purse Seine Fisheries in Lebanon

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries for the Purse Seine Fisheries in Lebanon ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 656 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 656 Implementation of the ecosystem Implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries for purse seine in Lebanon: baseline report approach to fisheries for the purse seine fisheries in Lebanon Baseline report This document F AO COVER PHOTOGRAPH: ©FAO/CLAUDIA AMICO FAO FISHERIES AND Implementation of the AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL ecosystem approach to PAPER fisheries for the purse seine 656 fisheries in Lebanon Baseline report Manal R. Nader Director - Institute of the Environment Associate Professor - Faculty of Arts and Sciences University of Balamand Lebanon Shadi El Indary Instructor Marine and Coastal Resources Program Institute of the Environment University of Balamand Lebanon Manale Abou Dagher Fishery Resources Officer Marine and Coastal Resources Program Institute of the Environment University of Balamand Lebanon Marcelo Vasconcellos Fishery Resources Officer Marine and Inland Fisheries Branch (FIAF) FAO Rome, Italy Samir Majdalani Former Head of Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Directorate of Rural Development & Natural Resources Ministry of Agriculture Lebanon Mark Dimech Senior Fishery and Aquaculture Officer FAO Abu Dhabi Imad Lahoud Agricultural Engineer - Head of Department Department of Fisheries & Wildlife Ministry of Agriculture Lebanon FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2020 Nader, M.R., El Indary, S., Dagher, M.A., Vasconcellos, M., Majdalani, S., Dimech, M. & Lahoud, I. 2020. Implementation of the ecosystem approach to fisheries for the purse seine fisheries in Lebanon – Baseline report. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 656. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca7533en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-132125-6 © FAO, 2020 BY SANC Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www. wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii Preparation of this document The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the University of Balamand (UOB), Institute of Environment (IOE), with the agreement of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), started the implementation of a pilot case study on the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) in Lebanon in 2016, within the framework of the FAO Mediterranean Project EastMed (“Scientific and Institutional Cooperation to Support Responsible Fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean”). The pilot case study focuses on the purse seine sardine fishery (PSSF) in Lebanon that harvests small pelagic fish, specifically sardines which are assumed to be the main target species. The case study was funded by the FAO–EastMed project and implemented in collaboration with the MOA and FAO Lebanon. One of the first steps in the pilot case study was the elaboration of an EAF-Baseline Report (EAF-BL), which is presented in this publication. The objective of the EAF-BL is to complete the EAF planning phase by defining the scope of the case study. The EAF- BL is a document that outlines the available information on the PSSF that can assist with the rest of the EAF management planning process. It documents all relevant information about the fishery, the species and geographical areas covered in the case study, the socio- economic profile of the fishery and the institutional arrangements for its management. iv Abstract The objective of the EAF baseline report was to provide the necessary baseline information to pilot an EAF on the PSSF in Lebanon. This decision was based on the advances that the country has made in the fisheries sector in the past decade which paved the way for the introduction of the latest management approaches in fisheries. In-depth background research on the PSSF was undertaken by the Marine and Coastal Resources Program at the Institute of Environment, University of Balamand (MCR-IOE-UOB) which covered national and regional documents deemed beneficial for the project objectives. Additional documents and information were provided by the EastMed Project and, at national level, by the Directorate of Fisheries and Wildlife (DFW) within the MOA. These documents included material relating to the laws regulating the PSSF, the number of fishers and vessels, the size of the catch and the species caught, etc. Through regular meetings and constant exchange of information between project partners, this report documents all the available and relevant material on the PSSF in Lebanon, including the species caught, the geographical areas covered by the case study, the socio-economic profile of the fishery and the current institutional arrangements for its management. v Contents Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv Abbreviations and acronyms vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 The Mediterranean Sea 1 1.2 The Lebanese coast 2 1.3 The ecosystem approach to fisheries 4 2. OVERVIEW OF THE FISHERY AND EXPLOITED RESOURCES 5 2.1 Lebanese fisheries overview 5 2.2 Fishing gear used and areas fished 5 2.3 Importance of the fishery to the local/national/regional economy 7 2.4 Available knowledge on the status of fisheries resources 10 2.5 Legal and administrative frameworks 17 2.6 Management measures 24 2.7 Main stakeholders 25 3. THREATS TO FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY 27 3.1 Threats to ecological well-being 27 3.2 Threats to community (human) well-being 27 3.3 Ability to achieve 28 4. CONCLUSIONS 29 5. REFERENCES 31 Annex I 35 1 Status reports 35 2 Catch and effort initiatives 35 3 Stock assessment and biological studies 36 4 Historical fish catch reconstruction 37 5 Socio-economic initiatives 37 6 Capacity building and awareness raising initiatives 37 Annex II 41 Total and main characteristics of the Lebanese fishing fleet in 2011 41 Annex III 43 FLOUCA Web 43 vi FIGURES 1 Mediterranean Sea and the Geographical Subareas of the 1 General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean 2 The continental shelf of Lebanon 3 3 Comparative comparing purse seiners and other categories of gear 10 4 Fishing harbours where catch/effort data is collected by the MCR–IOE–UOB 35 Plates 1 Sardina pilchardus 12 2 Sardinella aurita 13 3 Engraulis encrasicolus 13 TABLES 1 Fishing gear in Lebanon 6 2 Comparison between total catch in North Lebanon and the purse seine 8 fishery from 2011 to 2013 3 Comparison between total catch and the purse seine fishery in Lebanon for 9 2014 to 2015 4 List of fish species caught (in tonnes) by purse seiners (6–12 m) in 2014 11 5 List of fish species caught (in tonnes) by purse seiners (>12 m) in 2014 12 6 Mediterranean top five landings for 2009, 2010 and 2011 13 7 Clupeidae purse seine fishery in North Lebanon from 2010 to 2013 14 8 Clupeidae and Sardinella aurita caught by purse seines in Lebanon in 2014 15 and 2015 9 Laws and regulations related to the fisheries sector in Lebanon 18 10 Public authorities with mandates related to the fisheries sector 22 11 Lebanon Draft Fisheries Law 23 12 Management measures 24 13 Stakeholders involved in the fisheries sector 25 14 Values for number of vessels, engine power (hp), length overall (m), fishing 41 days, fuel consumption (LL 1 000), volume of landings (t), value of landings (USD 1 000) and employment onboard.
Recommended publications
  • By Species Items
    1 Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc Capture production by species items Mediterranean and Black Sea C-37 Poissons, crustacés, mollusques, etc Captures par catégories d'espèces Méditerranée et mer Noire (a) Peces, crustáceos, moluscos, etc Capturas por categorías de especies Mediterráneo y Mar Negro English name Scientific name Species group Nom anglais Nom scientifique Groupe d'espèces 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Nombre inglés Nombre científico Grupo de especies t t t t t t t Freshwater bream Abramis brama 11 495 335 336 108 47 7 10 Common carp Cyprinus carpio 11 3 1 - 2 3 4 4 Roach Rutilus rutilus 11 1 1 2 7 11 12 5 Roaches nei Rutilus spp 11 13 78 73 114 72 83 47 Sichel Pelecus cultratus 11 105 228 276 185 147 52 39 Cyprinids nei Cyprinidae 11 - - 167 159 95 141 226 European perch Perca fluviatilis 13 - - - 1 1 - - Percarina Percarina demidoffi 13 - - - - 18 15 202 Pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca 13 3 031 2 568 2 956 3 504 3 293 2 097 1 043 Freshwater fishes nei Osteichthyes 13 - - - 17 - 249 - Danube sturgeon(=Osetr) Acipenser gueldenstaedtii 21 114 36 20 8 10 3 3 Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus 21 - - 0 - - - - Starry sturgeon Acipenser stellatus 21 13 11 5 3 5 1 1 Beluga Huso huso 21 12 10 1 0 4 1 3 Sturgeons nei Acipenseridae 21 290 185 59 22 23 14 8 European eel Anguilla anguilla 22 917 682 464 602 642 648 522 Salmonoids nei Salmonoidei 23 26 - - 0 - - 7 Pontic shad Alosa pontica 24 153 48 15 21 112 68 115 Shads nei Alosa spp 24 2 742 2 640 2 095 2 929 3 984 2 831 3 645 Azov sea sprat Clupeonella cultriventris 24 3 496 10 862 12 006 27 777 27 239 17 743 14 538 Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus 25 - - - 8 4 6 1 European plaice Pleuronectes platessa 31 - 0 6 7 7 5 5 European flounder Platichthys flesus 31 69 62 56 29 29 11 43 Common sole Solea solea 31 5 047 4 179 5 169 4 972 5 548 6 273 5 619 Wedge sole Dicologlossa cuneata 31 ..
    [Show full text]
  • [Type Here] Ref: Ministry of Public Health
    [Type here] Wednesday January 20, 2021 Report #308 Time Published: 07:30 PM For daily information on all the details of the beds distribution availability for Covid-19 patients among all governorates and according to hospitals, kindly check the dashboard link: Computer:https:/bit.ly/DRM-HospitalsOccupancy-PCPhone:https:/bit.ly/DRM-HospitalsOccupancy-Mobile Ref: Ministry of public health Beirut 503 Baabda 567 Maten Chouf 168 Keserwan 202 Aley 228 Ain Mraisseh 17 Chiyah 53 Borj Hammoud 12 Saadiyat 1 Jounieh Sarba 6 El Aamroussiyeh 27 Aub 9 Jnah 19 Nabaa 2 Naameh 5 Jounieh Kaslik 4 Hay Sellom 19 Ras Beyrouth 19 Ouzaai 6 Sinn Fil 17 Haret Naameh 3 Zouk Mkayel 21 Ghadir 3 Manara 2 Bir Hassan 8 Horch Tabet 3 Chhim 23 Nahr El Kalb 2 El Qoubbeh 3 Qreitem 12 Mahatet Sfair 1 Jisr Bacha 1 Dalhoun 3 Haret El Mir 6 Khaldeh 7 Raoucheh 16 Ghbayreh 34 Jdaidet Matn 6 Daraiya 2 Jounieh Ghadir 8 El Oumara 24 Hamra 39 Ain Roummane 23 Ras Jdaideh 1 Ketermaya 2 Zouk Mosbeh 16 Deir Qoubel 1 Ain Tineh 4 Furn Chebbak 9 Baouchriyeh 18 Sibline 1 Adonis 9 Aaramoun 20 Msaitbeh 8 Haret Hreik 102 Daoura 17 Barja 22 Haret Sakhr 9 Bchamoun 23 Ouata Msaitbeh 1 Laylakeh 19 Raouda 8 Dibbiyeh 3 Sahel Aalma 7 Ain Aanoub 1 Mar Elias 10 Borj Brajneh 59 Sad Baouchriye 7 Ain El Haour 2 Kfar Yassine 4 Blaybel 9 Unesco 3 Mreijeh 33 Sabtiyeh 24 Jiyeh 2 Tabarja 2 Bdadoun 7 Tallet Khayat 7 Tahuitat Ghadir 11 Mar Roukoz 2 Jadra 1 Adma w Dafneh 5 Bsous 2 Dar Fatwa 3 Baabda 8 Dekouaneh 34 Ouadi Zayni 2 Safra 9 Aaley 7 Sanayeh 2 Brazilya 1 Mkalles 4 Dahr El Mghara 3 Ain Es Safra 1 Kahhaleh
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Cycle of Aplodinotus Grunniens Females (Rafinesque, 1819) in the Usumacinta River, Mexico
    Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 47(4Reproductive): 612-625, cycle2019 of Aplodinotus grunniens females 1 DOI: 10.3856/vol47-issue4-fulltext-4 Research Articles Reproductive cycle of Aplodinotus grunniens females (Rafinesque, 1819) in the Usumacinta River, Mexico Raúl E. Hernández-Gómez1, Wilfrido M. Contreras-Sánchez2, Arlette A. Hernández-Franyutti2 Martha A. Perera-García3 & Aarón Torres-Martínez2 1División Académica Multidisciplinaria de los Ríos, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Tabasco, México 2División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Villahermosa-Cárdenas, Tabasco, México 3División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Tabasco, México Corresponding author: Wilfrido M. Contreras-Sánchez ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. The freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens is a species widely distributed in North America. In the Mexican southeast, this species occurs in the Usumacinta River, where it supports an artisanal fishery. In this regard, the present study was conducted to supply detailed information on the female reproductive cycle of this species. Calculations of gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes, histological and visual staging of ovaries as well as the staging of oocyte development were applied together to determine the reproductive changes during an annual cycle. The histological analysis revealed the presence of spawning capable females throughout the year, and the distribution frequencies of oocyte diameters displayed the continuous occurrence of mature
    [Show full text]
  • Time Published: 08:00 PM Report #295 Thursday, January 07, 2021
    Thursday, January 07, 2021 Report #295 Time Published: 08:00 PM New in the report: Amendment and clarification issued by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers No. 10 / MAM on 1/7/2012 of what was stated in the Presidency of the Council of Ministers Decision No. 3 / PMP issued .on 1/5/2021 related to the complete closure For daily information on all the details of the beds distribution availability for Covid-19 patients among all governorates and according to hospitals, kindly check the dashboard link: Computer:https:/bit.ly/DRM-HospitalsOccupancy-PCPhone:https:/bit.ly/DRM-HospitalsOccupancy-Mobile Beirut 522 Baabda 609 Maten 727 Chouf 141 Kesrwen 186 Aley 205 Ain Mraisseh 10 Chiyah 13 Borj Hammoud 18 Damour 1 Jounieh Sarba 12 El Aamroussiyeh 2 Aub 1 Jnah 39 Nabaa 1 Naameh 3 Jounieh Kaslik 6 Hay Sellom 18 Ras Beyrouth 7 Ouzaai 4 Sinn Fil 26 Haret Naameh 1 Zouk Mkayel 14 El Qoubbeh 1 Manara 6 Bir Hassan 14 Horch Tabet 5 Jall El Bahr 1 Nahr El Kalb 1 Khaldeh 8 Qreitem 6 Ghbayreh 12 Jdaidet Matn 29 Mechref 1 Haret El Mir 1 El Oumara 23 Raoucheh 22 Ain Roummane 28 Baouchriyeh 8 Chhim 4 Jounieh Ghadir 11 Deir Qoubel 2 Hamra 37 Furn Chebbak 14 Daoura 9 Mazboud 1 Zouk Mosbeh 11 Aaramoun 28 Ain Tineh 7 Haret Hreik 114 Raouda 19 Daraiya 5 Adonis 7 Baaouerta 1 Msaitbeh 13 Laylakeh 5 Sad Baouchriye 9 Ketermaya 1 Haret Sakhr 5 Bchamoun 21 Mar Elias 22 Borj Brajneh 42 Sabtiyeh 13 Aanout 5 Sahel Aalma 12 Ain Aanoub 4 Unesco 6 Mreijeh 18 Mar Roukoz 2 Sibline 1 Kfar Yassine 2 Blaybel 3 Tallet Khayat 9 Tahuitat Ghadir 7 Dekouaneh 60 Bourjein 1 Tabarja
    [Show full text]
  • Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances
    SWP Research Paper Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber (Eds.) Jihadism in Africa Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances RP 5 June 2015 Berlin All rights reserved. © Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2015 SWP Research Papers are peer reviewed by senior researchers and the execu- tive board of the Institute. They express exclusively the personal views of the authors. SWP Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Ludwigkirchplatz 3­4 10719 Berlin Germany Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org [email protected] ISSN 1863-1053 Translation by Meredith Dale (Updated English version of SWP-Studie 7/2015) Table of Contents 5 Problems and Recommendations 7 Jihadism in Africa: An Introduction Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 13 Al-Shabaab: Youth without God Annette Weber 31 Libya: A Jihadist Growth Market Wolfram Lacher 51 Going “Glocal”: Jihadism in Algeria and Tunisia Isabelle Werenfels 69 Spreading Local Roots: AQIM and Its Offshoots in the Sahara Wolfram Lacher and Guido Steinberg 85 Boko Haram: Threat to Nigeria and Its Northern Neighbours Moritz Hütte, Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 99 Conclusions and Recommendations Guido Steinberg and Annette Weber 103 Appendix 103 Abbreviations 104 The Authors Problems and Recommendations Jihadism in Africa: Local Causes, Regional Expansion, International Alliances The transnational terrorism of the twenty-first century feeds on local and regional conflicts, without which most terrorist groups would never have appeared in the first place. That is the case in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Syria and Iraq, as well as in North and West Africa and the Horn of Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • TNP SOK 2011 Internet
    GARDEN ROUTE NATIONAL PARK : THE TSITSIKAMMA SANP ARKS SECTION STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: N. Hanekom 1, R.M. Randall 1, D. Bower, A. Riley 2 and N. Kruger 1 1 SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 2 Knysna National Lakes Area, P.O. Box 314, Knysna, 6570 Most recent update: 10 May 2012 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; the referenced information is either correct or accurate; SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Hanekom N., Randall R.M., Bower, D., Riley, A. & Kruger, N. 2012. Garden Route National Park: The Tsitsikamma Section – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 2. ACCOUNT OF AREA........................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Zoogeography of Digenetic Trematodes from West African Marine Fishes1
    192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Zoogeography of Digenetic Trematodes from West African Marine Fishes1 JACOB H. FISCHTHAL Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13901. ABSTRACT: Of the 107 species of trematodes found in West African (Mauritania to Gabon) marine fishes, 100 are allocated to 64 genera in 24 families while seven are immature didymozoids. Many of these genera are located in most of the world's seas with the exception of the polar seas; only five are en- demic to West Africa. The data for the 41 species known from West Africa and elsewhere, and those morphologically closest to the 55 endemic species, indicate that they are very widely distributed, particularly in the Western and North Atlantic, and Mediterranean. Historical and present- day events concerning physical and biological environmental factors and their effects on actual and po- tential hosts as well as on life cycle stages of the trematodes have resulted in the geographical distribution reported. The distribution of marine fishes has been emphasized to explain in part the trematode distribu- tion. Studies on the geographical distribution of (Gulf of Guinea from 5° S to 15° N) and digenetic trematodes of marine fishes in various warm temperate Mauritania have been pre- seas have been presented by Manter (1955, sented by Ekman (1953), Buchanan (1958), 1963, 1967), Szidat (1961), and Lebedev Longhurst (1962), and Ingham (1970). (1969), but West African waters were not included as sufficient data were not available Zoogeographical Distribution until more recently. The digenetic trematodes Of the 107 species of trematodes found in of West African marine fishes (mainly shore West African fishes, 100 are allocated to 64 and shelf inhabitants) have been reported by genera in 24 families while seven are immature Dollfus (1929, 1937a, b, 1946, 1951, 1960), didymozoids of unknown generic status (Ap- Dollfus and Capron (1958), Thomas (1959, pendix I).
    [Show full text]
  • The Israeli Experience in Lebanon, 1982-1985
    THE ISRAELI EXPERIENCE IN LEBANON, 1982-1985 Major George C. Solley Marine Corps Command and Staff College Marine Corps Development and Education Command Quantico, Virginia 10 May 1987 ABSTRACT Author: Solley, George C., Major, USMC Title: Israel's Lebanon War, 1982-1985 Date: 16 February 1987 On 6 June 1982, the armed forces of Israel invaded Lebanon in a campaign which, although initially perceived as limited in purpose, scope, and duration, would become the longest and most controversial military action in Israel's history. Operation Peace for Galilee was launched to meet five national strategy goals: (1) eliminate the PLO threat to Israel's northern border; (2) destroy the PLO infrastructure in Lebanon; (3) remove Syrian military presence in the Bekaa Valley and reduce its influence in Lebanon; (4) create a stable Lebanese government; and (5) therefore strengthen Israel's position in the West Bank. This study examines Israel's experience in Lebanon from the growth of a significant PLO threat during the 1970's to the present, concentrating on the events from the initial Israeli invasion in June 1982 to the completion of the withdrawal in June 1985. In doing so, the study pays particular attention to three aspects of the war: military operations, strategic goals, and overall results. The examination of the Lebanon War lends itself to division into three parts. Part One recounts the background necessary for an understanding of the war's context -- the growth of PLO power in Lebanon, the internal power struggle in Lebanon during the long and continuing civil war, and Israeli involvement in Lebanon prior to 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • Weight Relationships of F1 Hybrid Juveniles (Umbrina Cirrosa Χ Argyrosomus Regius
    http://www.egejfas.org Su Ürünleri Dergisi (2017) Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(3): 287-291 (2017) DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.3.07 RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ Some morphometric features and length - weight relationships of F1 hybrid juveniles (Umbrina cirrosa ♀ Χ Argyrosomus regius ♂) F1 juvenil hibritleri (Umbrina cirrosa ♀ Χ Argyrosomus regius ♂)’nin bazı morfolojik özellikleri ve boy- ağırlık ilişkileri Şule Gürkan1* ● Kutsal Gamsız2 ● Bilge Karahan2 ● Emel Özcan Gökçek2 1 Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Dep.of Hydrobiology, 35100 Bornova İzmir, Turkey 2 Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Dep.of Aquaculture, 35100 Bornova İzmir, Turkey * Corresponding author: [email protected] Received date: 02.01.2017 Accepted date: 05.06.2017 How to cite this paper: Gürkan, Ş., Gamsız, K., Karahan, B. & Özcan Gökçek, E. (2017). Some morphometric features and length - weight relationships of F1 hybrid juveniles (Umbrina cirrosa ♀ Χ Argyrosomus regius ♂). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 34(3): 287-291. doi:10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.3.07 Abstract: In this study, length-weight relations and some morphometric characteristics of hybrid juveniles obtained by crossing of Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) via artificial fertilization under aquaculture conditions were investigated. Lengths, weights and condition factors of 39 hybrid juvenile specimen varied between 26.12 and 48.67 mm, 0.7 and 0.99 g, 0.81 and 1.09 respectively. Length-weight relationship (W) was calculated (0.000009 * TL3.006 r = 0.99). Individuals have shown isometric growth (b=3) according to the results of regression analyze by b value.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessepsian Migration and Parasitism: Richness, Prevalence and Intensity
    Lessepsian migration and parasitism: richness, prevalence and intensity of parasites in the invasive fish Sphyraena chrysotaenia compared to its native congener Sphyraena sphyraena in Tunisian coastal waters Wiem Boussellaa1,2, Lassad Neifar1, M. Anouk Goedknegt2 and David W. Thieltges2 1 Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia 2 Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg Texel, Netherlands ABSTRACT Background. Parasites can play various roles in the invasion of non-native species, but these are still understudied in marine ecosystems. This also applies to invasions from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal, the so-called Lessepsian migration. In this study, we investigated the role of parasites in the invasion of the Lessepsian migrant Sphyraena chrysotaenia in the Tunisian Mediterranean Sea. Methods. We compared metazoan parasite richness, prevalence and intensity of S. chrysotaenia (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae) with infections in its native congener Sphyraena sphyraena by sampling these fish species at seven locations along the Tunisian coast. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to identify native and invasive parasite species recorded in these two hosts. Results. Our results suggest the loss of at least two parasite species of the invasive fish. At the same time, the Lessepsian migrant has co-introduced three parasite species during Submitted 13 March 2018 Accepted 7 August 2018 the initial migration to the Mediterranean Sea, that are assumed to originate from the Published 14 September 2018 Red Sea of which only one parasite species has been reported during the spread to Corresponding author Tunisian waters.
    [Show full text]
  • II. Existing Tourism Assets in Rachaya
    1 I. Objectives and scope of the study VNG International, with its headquarters based in The Hague, in assignment of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, aims at strengthening resilience of local governments Lebanon in order to be able to improve living conditions of local populations and Syrian refugees in their host communities. For the Local Government Resilience Programme (LOGOReP) VNG International will collaborate with Dutch, as well as Jordanian and Lebanese (unions of) municipalities, with the UNDP & UNHCR, and NGOs operating in the targeted areas. Within the Local Government Resilience Programme (LOGOReP) Lebanon project, VNGI and its municipal partners work on the development of local economies and municipal service provision within the context of the refugee crisis, more specifically in the West- Beqaa region. The aim of the Urban Planning and Local Economic Development (LED) in the LOGOReP is to offer tools for integrated economic and spatial development on the long term at the scale of a regional urbanized area : Rachaya, located in the Bekaa Valley. Ownership of the SEDP will be transferred to Rachaya Union and Rachaya village, source: unknown author Rachaya Municipality after its final delivery and these parties will have to use the SEDP twofold: - As their local spatial strategy; - As a blueprint for discussions with potential investing or financing parties. 2 I. Localization II. Governance III. Brief History IV. Climate V. Archeology 3 I. Localization Rachaya El- Wadi is the capital of the Caza of Rachaya. It is a small town seated on the western slopes of Mount Hermon. It is located in the South Beqaa at 85 kilometers from Beirut, in the northern side of the Wadi el Taym valley.
    [Show full text]