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Multi-Payload Integration Lessons Learned from Space Test Program Mission S26

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Multi-Payload Integration Lessons Learned from Space Test Program Mission S26 SSC11-II-1 Multi-Payload Integration Lessons Learned from Space Test Program Mission S26 Dana Rand, Capt Rachel Derbis, Capt Austin Eickman, Capt Robert Wilcox DoD Space Test Program 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117; (505) 853-5891 [email protected] Joseph Bartsch, Maria Elena Foster Jackson & Tull Chartered Engineers 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117; (505) 853-7651 [email protected] Sabrina Herrin Aerospace Corporation 3548 Aberdeen Ave SE, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117; (505) 846-3016 [email protected] ABSTRACT Space Test Program Mission S26 (STP-S26) was a complex multi-payload mission launched from Kodiak Launch Complex, Alaska on November 20, 2010. A Minotaur-IV launch vehicle placed ten objects into two different orbits. The Stage 4 rocket motor placed four Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA)-class satellites and two CubeSats into the primary orbit. A Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) then delivered two test ballast masses into a secondary orbit as a technology demonstration to prove dual-orbit capability of the Minotaur-IV. In addition, a CubeSat, ejected from one of the free-flying ESPA-class satellites on January 20, 2011, and one of the ESPA-class satellites (FASTRAC) separated into two satellites on March 22, 2011. Multi-payload missions always present unique challenges and STP-S26 was no exception. Through the use of a “lessons learned” database, the STP-S26 program office was able to leverage the experiences gained from previous multi-payload missions. One previous mission in particular was the STP-1 mission launched on an Atlas V in March 2007. STP-1 separated four ESPA-class satellites and a larger satellite pair into two orbits. This paper will review the key challenges and lessons learned from the STP-S26 mission pertaining to multi-payload integration and launch. Lessons were derived from requirements and interface management, technical, logistical, and managerial aspects of the mission. Some of the areas reviewed in the paper include: Unique requirements for multi-payload missions and verification of those requirements Mechanical fit checks Procedures for integrated operations such as multi-satellite mate Integrated tip off and separation analysis Multi-payload coupled loads analysis Meeting environmental, debris, and de-orbit requirements Logistic scheduling of payload arrival and pre-launch checkout in a shared processing facility Efficient & timely communication across teams Finite Element Model and mass properties early requirement definition Risk Management Process Interface Control Document verifications Space Debris Assessment Report (SDAR), Launch Conjunction Assessment Support Package (LCASP), and policy exception processes The number of multi-payload missions is expected to grow with the trend toward smaller spacecraft. Multi-payload enablers such as ESPA Standard Service, Minotaur-IV Multi-payload Adaptor, and Poly-Picosatellite Orbital Deployer (P-POD) CubeSat capabilities will continue to create rideshare opportunities in the future for the small satellite community. The DoD Space Test Program has been at the center of developing and demonstrating the utility of launching multiple payloads from a single launch vehicle. Applying the lessons learned from STP-S26 and Rand 1 25th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites previous multi-payload missions will reduce the technical risk and help maximize success for future multi-payload missions. MISSION OVERVIEW and Crosslink (FASTRAC composed of FAST-1 and The Department of Defense (DoD) Space Test Program FAST-2 satellites), Organisms/ORganics Exposure to (STP) is the “front door” to space for either DoD Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS), and Radio Aurora eXplorer (RAX). A few weeks following launch the payloads requiring a spacecraft bus or Space Vehicles NanoSail-D-002 (NSD-2) CubeSat was ejected from (SVs) requiring a ride to space. Each year the DoD the FASTSAT-HSV01 satellite. Figure 2 shows the Space Experiments Review Board (SERB) meets to STP-S26 Mission Patch with depictions of each SV and review and rank-order experiments. the Stage 4. The DoD SERB ranks experiments based on its military relevance and a justified need for space flight to execute their missions. STP uses the SERB list to manifest rides to space if funding and launch opportunities exist. The Space Test Program-S26 (STP-S26) was a multi- payload mission executed by STP at the Space Development and Test Directorate (SMC/SD), Kirtland AFB, NM. The mission was designated STP-S26 to correspond to the 26th small launch vehicle mission in STP’s 40-plus year history of flying DoD space experiments. The mission was the first converted Peacekeeper Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) to launch six space vehicles and demonstrate dual orbit capability. It was the first time this type of mission had been Figure 2: STP-S26 Mission Patch attempted so several challenges arose requiring innovative solutions. Prioritized Objectives The STP-S26 Mission had four objectives. In STP-S26 successfully launched from Kodiak Launch prioritized order they were: Complex (KLC), AK using a Minotaur IV launch vehicle on 19 Nov 2010 at 1625 local time (20 Nov Provide access to space for STPSat-2. STPSat-2 is 2010 0125 UTC) (shown in Figure 1). an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA)-class SV and the first flight of STP’s Standard Interface Vehicle (SIV). Demonstrate the ability of the Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) to deliver payloads into a secondary orbit for the Minotaur IV launch vehicle. For the STP-S26 mission, the HAPS performed an “orbit raising maneuver" after all other payloads were deployed and delivered two ballast masses into a secondary orbit. Demonstrate the multiple payload capability of the Minotaur IV. This was accomplished through the Multi-Payload Adapter (MPA) which allowed four ESPA-class SVs to be mated to the launch vehicle. Figure 1: STP-S26 Launch Fly the maximum number of SERB experiments possible. The three secondary ESPA-class SVs The satellites launched from KLC were the STP each hosted SERB experiments. Satellite 2 (STPSat-2), Fast Autonomous Science & Technology Satellite-Huntsville 01 (FASTSAT- HSV01), Falcon Satellite 5 (FalconSAT-5), Formation Autonomous Spacecraft with Thruster, Relnav, Attitude Rand 2 25th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites Capability Enablers / Mission Firsts (Figure 3 shows the mission evolution of STP-S26. The The mission implemented several capabilities aimed at changes at each time are highlighted in red). enabling responsive access to space for small experimental satellites and payloads. It paved the way for operational implementation of responsive space capabilities for the DoD. The STP-S26 mission was the: First flight of STP SIV, an ESPA-class satellite designed to accommodate a variety of experimental payloads reducing the integration and test time for a vehicle by establishing a standard bus. First use of Multi-Mission Satellite Operations Center (MMSOC) Ground Support Architecture (GSA), used by the STP SIV on the STP-S26 mission, ultimately will allow multiple satellites to operate on the same ground system at decreased integration cost by utilizing a common open- architecture core system. First flight to the Minotaur IV MPA, allowing four ESPA-class satellites to launch from a single small launch vehicle. First use of the Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) to obtain dual orbit on a Minotaur IV, maximizing flexibility to achieve multiple orbits for future missions with minimal cost. First flight of Poly-Picosatellite Orbital Deployers (P-PODs) on the Minotaur IV and first CubeSat deployments on the Minotaur IV, allows additional flight opportunity for very small satellites First CubeSat deployed from a free-flying ESPA satellite, allows CubeSat ejection and operations to Figure 3: Mission Evolution begin after some time on orbit. First Minotaur IV launch from Alaska’s Kodiak The STP-S26 mission had a total of 16 experiments on Launch Complex (KLC) commercial launch seven separate payloads and one technology facility which provides a definitive launch schedule demonstration. The STP-S26 mission is valued at for experimental missions increasing the $170M and was the organizations most complex opportunity for launches from the west coast and to mission in over twenty years. The ESPA-class satellites high inclinations. are sponsored by the DoD Space Test Program (STPSat-2), US Air Force Academy (FalconSat-5), Air All of these firsts ensured that experimental satellites Force Research Laboratory University NanoSat and experiments which are of interest to warfighters can Program (FASTRAC), National Aeronautics and Space be rapidly demonstrated to fill capability gaps. Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) (FASTSAT–HSV01). The three CubeSats are The STP-S26 mission manifest became increasingly sponsored by the National Science Foundation (RAX), complex. Two satellites were analyzed as potential NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) (O/OREOS), and replacements for a secondary satellite that became an NASA MSFC (NSD-2). unfeasible option late in the mission. A dual-path manifest was taken with two SV’s, FASTSAT-HSV01 A Demonstration Separation System (DSS) was and CUSat, to evaluate the ability to meet the launch provided by Boeing. This was the first time the DSS schedule, cost of the mission, and the contribution to was demonstrated
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