DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes on the Diets of Some Amphibians And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notes on the Diets of Some Amphibians And WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES &IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 189 24(2):135–138 • AUG 2017 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS FEATURE ARTICLES Notes. Chasing Bullsnakeson (Pituophis the catenifer sayiDiets) in Wisconsin: of Some Amphibians On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: andA Hypothetical Reptiles Excursion ............................................................................................................................ of the St. VincentRobert W. Henderson and 198 RESEARCHGrenada ARTICLES Banks (Lesser Antilles) . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida 1 2 .............................................BrianRobert J. Camposano, Powell Kenneth and L. Krysko,Robert Kevin W. M. Enge,Henderson Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 1Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, Missouri 64145 ([email protected]) CONSERVATION ALERT 2Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 ([email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................................... 225 espite conductingHUSBANDRY extensive fieldwork on the St. Vincent ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae; one in each of 2 Dand Grenada Banks. Captive for Care decades, of the Central we Netted discovered Dragon ....................................................................................................... that we stomachs), one wasp (Hymenoptera:Shannon Plummer 226 Vespidae), roaches know little or nothingPROFILE about something as basic as the diets of (Blattodea: Blattidae; 2 very large individuals in each of 2 a number of frogs and. Kraig reptiles Adler: A Lifetimefrom Promotingthose islands.Herpetology Although ................................................................................................ stomachs), beetles (Coleoptera; Michael L. Treglia 5 individuals 234 in 3 stomachs), we could make inferencesCOMMENTARY based on the known diets of closely related taxa, while working. The Turtles on Have an Been upcoming Watching Me ........................................................................................................................volume on the Eric Gangloff 238 natural history of the amphibians and reptiles of these island banks, we made anBOOK effort REVIEW to address those shortcomings by . Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, examining the stomachR. contents Berridge, P. Ramani, of small and B.E. samples Young .............................................................................................................. of seven Robert Powell 243 species: Grenada Frog (P. euphronides), St. Vincent Frog (Pristimantis shrevei),CONSERVATION St. Vincent Tree RESEARCH Anole REPORTS: (Anolis griseusSummaries), of Published Conservation Research Reports ................................. 245 NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ................................. 247 St. Vincent Bush AnoleNEWBRIEFS (A. trinitatis ...............................................................................................................................), Earless Wormlizard ....................................................... 248 (Bachia alleni), Smooth-scaled EDITORIAL INFORMATIONWormlizard ( ...............................................................................................................................Gymnophthalmus ...................... 251 FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ............................................................................................... 252 underwoodi), and Garman’s Ground Lizard (Ameiva aquilina). Methods We obtained formalin-fixed specimensFront Cover. preserved Shannon Plummer. in ethyl Back Cover. Michael Kern alcohol from the Natural HistoryTotat Museum, et velleseque University audant mo of Totat et velleseque audant mo Kansas, in Lawrence. We made midventralestibus inveliquo incisions velique rerchil from Fig.estibus 1. inveliquo The endangered velique rerchil Grenada Frog (Pristimantis euphronides) is erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus pelvic to pectoral girdles, exposed and excised the stomachs, restricted to higher elevations on Grenada. Photograph © Richard A. aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum Sajdak.aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum removed, identified to order or family,fugiatis andmaionsequat counted eumque all prey fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- items. Excised stomachs and all contentsma derrovitae were voluptam, stored as inquos con - tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as tainers marked with each lizard’s specimenaccullabo. number. Results and Discussion Frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Strabomantidae) Pristimantis euphronides (Fig. 1; N = 12): In six specimens (mean SUL = 23.3 ± 4.3 mm; 19–31 mm) with stomachs that had contents, we found ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae; one in each of 2 stomachs), a roach (Blattodea: Blattidae), a beetle (Coleoptera), and one unidentified arthro- pod in each of two stomachs. One stomach contained a flower. Pristimantis shrevei (Fig. 2; N = 10): In seven specimens Fig. 2. The endangered St. Vincent Frog (Pristimantis shrevei) is restricted (mean SUL = 28.6 ± 4.3 mm; 23–35 mm) with stomachs to higher elevations on St. Vincent. Photograph © Alondra M. Díaz- that had contents, we found one spider (Arachnida: Araneae), Lameiro. Copyright © 2017. Robert Powell. All rights reserved. 135 POWELL AND HENDERSON IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 24(2):135–138 • AUG 2017 and a large moth (Lepidoptera). Four stomachs contained leaf fragments or other plant material. Most frogs are dietary generalists (i.e., Duellman and Trueb 1994) and will eat almost any kind of prey they are capable of consuming. Small frogs, including strabomantids, are largely limited by size to small arthropods. Our small samples support this contention, with 18 individuals of five arthropodan orders represented in 13 stomachs. Because frogs are obligate carnivores, the plant material presumably was adventitiously ingested with prey. Anoles (Reptilia: Squamata: Dactyloidae) Anolis griseus (Fig. 3; N = 13): In the three specimens (all Fig. 4. The St. Vincent Bush Anole (Anolis trinitatis) is essentially ubiq- males, SVL = 55, 59, and 75 mm) with stomachs that had uitous on St. Vincent. Male territorial displays include erection of nuchal contents (two were empty and eight had been previously crests and brightly contrasting colors in what is usually a green lizard. examined and stomachs were removed), we found ants Photograph © Joseph Burgess. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae; 9 in one stomach and one very large ant in another), one very large roach (Blattodea: species and insular trunk-ecomorphs (sensu Williams 1972), Blattidae) alone in one stomach, one moth (or butterfly; and Pianka (1986) suggested that feeding on social insects like Lepidoptera), two beetles (Coleoptera), and one unidentified ants is “economically feasible because they normally occur in arthropod. The beetles and the large ant were in one stomach, a clumped spatial distribution and hence constitute a con- the nine ants, the lepidopteran, and the unidentified arthro- centrated food supply,” we think anoles in general tend to pod were in another. be dietary generalists and species that take a disproportion- ate number of ants are merely taking advantage of the most abundant food source available. Frugivory is relatively com- mon in anoles, but the fact that the smaller species ate berries contradicts the findings of Herrel et al. (2004), who found that fruit consumption was mediated by large body size. Wormlizards (Gymnophthalmidae) Bachia alleni (Fig. 5; N = 11): In nine specimens (not sexed, but two females with SVL = 54 and 52 mm each contained two shelled eggs; mean SVL of all 9 sampled specimens = 47.1 ± 5.1 mm, 40–54 mm) with stomachs that had contents, we found one spider (Arachnida: Araneae), one centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae), one pillbug (Malacostraca: Fig. 3. The St. Vincent Tree Anole (Anolis griseus) is distributed essentially islandwide on St. Vincent and is encountered most frequently in shaded, mesic situations. Photograph © Joseph Burgess. Anolis trinitatis (Fig. 4; N = 14): In 12 specimens (5 males, mean SVL = 64.0 ± 4.1 mm, 56–67 mm; 7 females, mean SVL = 45.0 ± 2.8 mm, 41–50 mm) with stomachs that had contents, we found ants (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae; 20 in 9 stomachs), one fly (Diptera), three crick- ets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in two stomachs, two beetles (Coleoptera; one in each of 2 stomachs), and two unidenti- fied arthropods
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Herp. Bulletin 101.Qxd
    Colour and pattern polymorphism in Pristimantis shrevei and Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Leptodactylidae) on St. Vincent, West Indies ALONDRA M. DIAZ-LAMEIRO 1, ROBERT POWELL 2, and CRAIG S. BERG 3 1 Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00682 2 Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA. E-mail: [email protected] [corresponding author] 3 Milwaukee County Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53220, USA HE genus Eleutherodactylus , with more than versatile E. johnstonei dominates and P. shrevei is 700 species, had been considered to be the absent (Mallery et al ., 2007). mTost speciose vertebrate genus (Pough et al ., As in many eleutherodactylines (e.g., Schwartz 2004). A recent revision (Heinicke et al ., 2007), & Henderson, 1991; Sifers et al ., 2001), both however, revealed three major clades, two of Vincentian species are extremely variable in which are represented in the West Indies. A colour and pattern. Sander et al . (2003) “Caribbean clade” ( Eleutherodactylus ) contains documented considerable variation in E. four subgenera and 170 currently recognised johnstonei from Grenada, identifying colour and species, including all but two West Indian forms. A pattern elements that occurred in varying “South American clade” ( Pristimantis ) contains frequencies in populations at different locations. nearly 400 species, two of which occur on the St. We examined colour, patterns, and sizes of frogs Vincent and Grenada island banks. All of these taken from sites on St. Vincent at high to moderate frogs lay eggs in humid places outside of water elevations, where both species were present, and at and exhibit direct development, with froglets low elevation, where we found only E.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>ANOLIS</I> LIZARDS in the FOOD WEBS of STRUCTURALLY
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2016 ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE ANOLIS LIZARDS IN THE FOOD WEBS OF STRUCTURALLY-SIMPLE HABITATS IN FLORIDA Nathan W. Turnbough University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Turnbough, Nathan W., "ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE ANOLIS LIZARDS IN THE FOOD WEBS OF STRUCTURALLY-SIMPLE HABITATS IN FLORIDA. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4174 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Nathan W. Turnbough entitled "ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONAL SIMILARITY OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE ANOLIS LIZARDS IN THE FOOD WEBS OF STRUCTURALLY-SIMPLE HABITATS IN FLORIDA." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Lizards As Model Organisms for Linking Phylogeographic and Speciation Studies
    Molecular Ecology (2010) 19, 3250–3270 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04722.x INVITED REVIEW Lizards as model organisms for linking phylogeographic and speciation studies ARLEY CAMARGO,* BARRY SINERVO† and JACK W. SITES JR.* *Department of Biology and Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA, †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA Abstract Lizards have been model organisms for ecological and evolutionary studies from individual to community levels at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here we highlight lizards as models for phylogeographic studies, review the published popula- tion genetics ⁄ phylogeography literature to summarize general patterns and trends and describe some studies that have contributed to conceptual advances. Our review includes 426 references and 452 case studies: this literature reflects a general trend of exponential growth associated with the theoretical and empirical expansions of the discipline. We describe recent lizard studies that have contributed to advances in understanding of several aspects of phylogeography, emphasize some linkages between phylogeography and speciation and suggest ways to expand phylogeographic studies to test alternative pattern-based modes of speciation. Allopatric speciation patterns can be tested by phylogeographic approaches if these are designed to discriminate among four alterna- tives based on the role of selection in driving divergence between populations, including: (i) passive divergence by genetic drift; (ii) adaptive divergence by natural selection (niche conservatism or ecological speciation); and (iii) socially-mediated speciation. Here we propose an expanded approach to compare patterns of variation in phylogeographic data sets that, when coupled with morphological and environmental data, can be used to discriminate among these alternative speciation patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Anolis Trinitatis (St. Vincent Anole) Family: Polychrotidae (Anoles and Tree Lizards) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Anolis trinitatis (St. Vincent Anole) Family: Polychrotidae (Anoles and Tree Lizards) Order: Squamata (Lizards and Snakes) Class: Reptilia (Reptiles) Fig. 1. St. Vincent Anole, Anolis trinitatis. [http://www.karibische-anolis.de/Anolis-trinitatis.htm , downloaded 23 March 2015] TRAITS. Anolis trinitatis is a medium-sized anole (Anolis lizard), length from snout to vent (entire body excluding tail) 77mm in adult males and 57mm in females. The colour of A. trinitatis varies with sex. Males are bright green or blue-green shading to blue or blue-grey (Fig. 1) with the venter and lower part of its jaw being bright yellow, orbital area (around eye) bright blue to blue-grey or a dark black, cheek is either a buttery yellow or has a green wash. Females are a duller green, with a faint pale flank stripe present, often with mottled or herringbone mid- dorsal pattern, small dewlap, not distinctively coloured (Fig. 2). DISTRIBUTION. Anolis trinitatis is native to St Vincent and the Grenadines where it is widespread in all terrestrial habitats. A. trinitatis is also found in Trinidad where it is an invasive species in San Fernando and surroundings, St. Augustine and Port of Spain (Hailey et al., 2009) UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. In St. Vincent and the Grenadines Anolis trinitatis is found in littoral, managed terrestrial and natural and semi-natural terrestrial environments; up to at least 900m above sea level and most live among trees. They are found where vertical structures are present, in open areas and in partly isolated situations and habitat edges.
    [Show full text]
  • (GISD) 2021. Species Profile Norops Sagrei. Available From
    FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Norops sagrei Norops sagrei System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Polychrotidae Common name Bahamian brown anole (English), Cuban brown anole (English), brown anole (English) Synonym Anolis sagrei , (Cocteau in Dum?ril and Bibron, 1837) Similar species Anolis carolinensis Summary Norops sagrei (brown anole) can be identified by its extensible throat fan that is often coloured yellow or reddish-orange and has a white line down the centre of its back. Norops sagrei is a habitat generalist that prefers the open vegetation of disturbed sites. It is a ground dweller but will venture several feet up into trees and shrubs. Norops sagrei compete with Anolis carolinensis and other introduced congeners. Norops sagre also prey on the hatchlings of Anolis carolinensis. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Norops sagrei (brown anole) is a “trunk ground ecomorph” sensu (Williams, 1983). It is described as having an extensible throat fan that can be yellow to red-orange. This species can be between 13 and 21.3cm. It also has enlarged toe pads and a short snout (Campbell, 2002). Brown anoles can erect a dorsonuchal crest when exposed to certain stimuli. The tail may have a crest-like ridge, but this is highly variable between individuals and should not be confused with the dorsonuchal crest. Also, the tail is laterally compressed. Females have a light line down the middle of their backs, but males do not. They tend to have a lighter mid-dorsal stripe that is distinct and often boldly patterned in females and often indistinct in males.
    [Show full text]
  • Anolis Equestris) Should Be Removed When Face of a Watch
    VOLUME 15, NUMBER 4 DECEMBER 2008 ONSERVATION AUANATURAL ISTORY AND USBANDRY OF EPTILES IC G, N H , H R International Reptile Conservation Foundation www.IRCF.org Central Netted Dragons (Ctenophorus nuchalis) from Australia are popular in captivity due to their striking appearance and great temperament. See article on p. 226. Known variously as Peters’ Forest Dragon, Doria’s Anglehead Lizard, or Abbott’s Anglehead Lizard (depending on subspecies), Gonocephalus doriae is known from southern Thailand, western Malaysia, and Indonesia west of Wallace’s Line SHANNON PLUMMER (a biogeographic division between islands associated with Asia and those with plants and animals more closely related to those on Australia). They live in remaining forested areas to elevations of 1,600 m (4,800 ft), where they spend most of their time high in trees near streams, either clinging to vertical trunks or sitting on the ends of thin branches. Their conservation status has not been assessed. MICHAEL KERN KENNETH L. KRYSKO KRISTA MOUGEY Newly hatched Texas Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum) on the Invasive Knight Anoles (Anolis equestris) should be removed when face of a watch. See article on p. 204. encountered in the wild. See article on p. 212. MARK DE SILVA Grenada Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) remain abundant on many of the Grenadine Islands despite the fact that virtually all forested portions of the islands were cleared for agriculture during colonial times. This individual is from Mayreau. See article on p. 198. WIKIPEDIA.ORG JOSHUA M. KAPFER Of the snakes that occur in the upper midwestern United States, Populations of the Caspian Seal (Pusa caspica) have declined by 90% JOHN BINNS Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) are arguably the most impressive in in the last 100 years due to unsustainable hunting and habitat degra- Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana) are frequently edificarian on Grand Cayman.
    [Show full text]
  • Anura: Craugastoridae) with the Description of a New Species from Colombia
    Acta Herpetologica 11(1): 31-45, 2016 DOI: 10.13128/Acta_Herpetol-16434 Molecular phylogenetics of the Pristimantis lacrimosus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae) with the description of a new species from Colombia Mauricio Rivera-Correa, Juan M. Daza* Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53–108, Bloque 7–121, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia. *Correspondig author. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted on 2015, 17th July; revised on 2015, 11thNovember; accepted on 2015, 16th November Editor: Adriana Bellati Abstract. The Pristimantis lacrimosus species group, with 24 species distributed in the Neotropics, is a group of arbo- real frogs commonly inhabiting bromeliads. Previous studies have claimed the group to be monophyletic but few spe- cies have been included in phylogenetic analyses. In this paper, we included five additional species from the northern Andes in Colombia and tested the monophyly of this phenetic group using genetic data under a Bayesian approach. Our results show that the P. lacrimosus group represents two distant and unrelated clades. Clade “A” is endemic to Colombia while Clade “B” encompasses species distributed in Central America, Ecuador and Peru. For the first time, we reveal the phylogenetic position of P. boulengeri and a new species is described. The new taxon is most closely related to P. brevifrons from southwestern Colombia with a genetic distance of 4.3% for 16S and 10.6% for COI. Our results suggest, one more time, that morphological similarity among species in the most diverse vertebrate genus not necessarily agree with its evolutionary history and that more effort in alpha taxonomy needs to be done in order to understand the tremendous radiation of this lineage in the Neotropics.
    [Show full text]
  • Licht and Gorman's (1970)
    RE PRODUCTIVE AND FAT CYCLES IN CARIBBEAN ANOLIS LIZARDS BY PAUL LICHT and GEORGE C. GORMAN UN I VERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY· LO SANGELES ' LONDON 1970 UNIVERSln ' OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS IN ZOOLOGY AOVISORY EOITOkS: G, A. BARTHOLOM EW, 1. H. C01<·1NELL. J OHN DAVIS, C . R . GOLDMAN, C,\D ET H A"0, K. S. NORRIS, O. P. 1'f.ARSO:-l, R. 1-1 . ROSENBLATT, GROVER STEPHENS Volume 95 Approved for publication June n . 1970 Issued October 23, 1970 Price $2.00 UNIVERS ITY OF CAUFORNIA P RESS U ERKELEY AND Los A1\;C ELES CALIFORNIA U"IVERSlTY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LoNDON , ENCLAND ISB N: 0-520·09374-7 LUmANY OF CONCRess C.. TAJ.OC CAHD No. : 72-632162 © 1970 Il l' T ilE REGENTS OF Til E UN IV ERSITY 01' CALIFORNIA JlR I :\'TEIl IN TilE U:\, ITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Introd uction . 1 :Materials and Methods 3 Collection, preservation, and autopsy of spec imens 3 ~'at storage 3 Reproductive status of males 4 Rep r oductive status of females 5 Cl imatological influence on reproduetion 7 Results of Studies on St. Vincent . 8 Geography, climate, and species . 8 Reproductive and fat cycles of Anolis tnnita tis and A. richard; grise .... 9 Resu lts of Studies on Jamaica . 12 Geography, climate, and species . 12 Reproductive and fat cyclcs of A. gmha",i, A. lineatopus, and A. sagre; 13 Results of Studics on Hispaniola . 22 Gcography, climate, and species . 22 Reproductive and fat cycles of A . cybotes 23 Resul ts of Studies on Grand Cayman 25 Geography, climate, and species 25 Reproductive and fat cycles of A.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) and the Origin and Diversification of Central American Species
    Molecular Phylogenetics of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) and the origin and diversification of Central American species Nelsy Rocío Pinto Sánchez Trabajo de grado presentado para optar al título de M aestría en Ciencias Biológicas Director Santiago Madriñán, Ph.D. Profesor Asociado del Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de los Andes Codirector Andrew J. Cra wford, Ph.D. Investigador Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales Bogotá D. C., Noviembre 2008 ABSTRACT Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) represents an exceptionally diverse group among Neotropical anurans, but the evolutionary relationships among subgeneric groups are poorly known. Using both original and published multilocus DNA sequence data, we developed a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for this genus. Ingroup sampling included 30.9% of the described species (265 individuals from 132 species, of which 156 individuals from 34 species are new data). Genetic data included three mitochondrial (COI, 12S, 16S) and two nuclear markers (Rag-1 and Tyr) for a total of ~4279 base pairs. Phylogenies were inferred using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of individual genes and combined data sets. The new phylogenetic hypothesis conflicts with most recognized taxonomic groupings. Within Pristimantis, the peruvianus group was the only group recovered, whereas the "conscipillatus”, “curtipes”, “devillei”, “frater”, “lacrimosus”, “myersi”, “orestes”, “surdus”, and “unistrigatus” were not supported as natural groups. The molecular phylogeny suggests that the colonization of Central America by South American Pristimantis involved perhaps 13 independent events. Our results suggest alternative interpretations of Pristimantis taxonomy, character evolution, and biogeography, topics that now demand more extensive evaluation in future studies. Keywords: Anura, Strabomantidae, Pristimantis, Terrarana, Colombia, Central America, Great American Biotic Interchange, M olecular phylogenetics.
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Abundance and Habitat Use by the Frogs Pristimantis Shrevei (Stra- Bomantidae) and Eleutherodactylus Johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae) on St
    caribbean herpetology article Relative abundance and habitat use by the frogs Pristimantis shrevei (Stra- bomantidae) and Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae) on St. Vincent Carlos Andres Rodríguez Gómez1,2, Alondra M. Díaz-Lameiro3,4, Craig S. Berg5, Robert W. Henderson6, and Robert Powell7* 1Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931 2Current address: Proyecto Coquí, San Juan, PR 00931 3Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, PR 00682 4Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA 5Milwaukee County Zoo, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA 6Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA 7Department of Biology, Avila University, Kansas City, MO 64145, USA *Corresponding Author ([email protected]) Edited by: S. Blair Hedges. Date of publication: 29 June 2017. Citation: Rodríguez Gómez CA, Díaz-Lameiro AM, Berg CS, Henderson RW, Powell R. 2017. Relative abundance and habitat use by the frogs Pristimantis shrevei (Strabomantidae) and Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae) on St. Vincent. Caribbean Herpetology, 58,1–12. Abstract St. Vincent, one of the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, is home to four amphibian species, only one of which (Pristimantis shrevei) is endemic. Pristimantis shrevei (Strabomantidae) is restricted to the highlands, whereas Eleuth- erodactylus johnstonei (Eleutherodactylidae), an introduced species, has become widely distributed throughout the island. We established and surveyed 26 transects at three sites and recorded the numbers of P. shrevei and E. john- stonei, encounter rates, and all perch types and heights. In general, P. shrevei was more abundant in less disturbed sites at higher elevations and absent from low elevations, whereas E.
    [Show full text]
  • DESCRIPCIÓN DEL USO DEL SUSTRATO DE Pristimantis Savagei (Pyburn & Lynch, 1981) (ANURA: CRAUGASTORIDAE), DEL BOSQUE DE LOS GUAYUPES (ACACÍAS, META- COLOMBIA)
    DESCRIPCIÓN DEL USO DEL SUSTRATO DE Pristimantis savagei (Pyburn & Lynch, 1981) (ANURA: CRAUGASTORIDAE), DEL BOSQUE DE LOS GUAYUPES (ACACÍAS, META- COLOMBIA) Nancy Ruth Ramírez Bautista UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS LLANOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA VILLAVICENCIO, COLOMBIA 2019 1 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL USO DEL SUSTRATO DE Pristimantis savagei (ANURA: CRAUGASTORIDAE), DEL BOSQUE DE LOS GUAYUPES (ACACÍAS, META- COLOMBIA) Nancy Ruth Ramírez Bautista Trabajo de grado presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Biólogo (a) Director (a): cMSc., Biólogo, Jorge Anthony Astwood Romero UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS LLANOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS E INGENIERÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA Y QUÍMICA PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA VILLAVICENCIO, COLOMBIA 2019 2 1. AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradecer primero que todo a Dios por permitirme lograr terminar esta gran meta en mi vida, como lo es culminar mi carrera y convertirme en Bióloga. A mis padres y hermanos por su compañía, comprensión y apoyo económico y afectivo durante toda la carrera. A la corporación para el desarrollo sostenible para el Área de Manejo Especial de la Macarena “CORMACARENA” a través del Convenio Interadministrativo N° PE. GDE. 1.4.7.1.17.034 con la Universidad de los Llanos por la financiación del proyecto y la oportunidad de realizar como opción de grado la modalidad de pasantía. A mi director Jorge Anthony Astwood Romero por su acompañamiento, paciencia, apoyo incondicional y tiempo brindado. A los jurados Manuel Felipe Parra Torres y Andrea Morales Rozo por sus valiosos aportes como jurado en la elaboración de la pasantía. Al grupo Guayupes pertenecientes a la Universidad de los Llanos: Profesor Jorge Pachón García, Director del programa de Biología por su colaboración en la organización y logística del proyecto.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Soil Conservation Techniques at Argyle, St. Vincent Courtesy Nicholas Stephens . Leatherback monitoring in Bloody Bay, Union Island Aerial view of the Tobago Cays Marine Park (Courtesy Union Island Environmental Attackers) (Courtesy A. DeGraff) Submitted To Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment 1st Floor Ministerial Building Halifax Street, Kingstown St. Vincent & the Grenadines Fifth National Report to the CBD 2015 St. Vincent and the Grenadines ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY PREPARED BY SIMMONS AND ASSOCIATES September 2015 ii St. Vincent & the Grenadines Fifth National Report to the CBD 2015 Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE Biodiversity Status and Trends ....................................................................... - 1 - 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... - 2 - 1.1 Biodiversity Status and Trends ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]