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Breaking Bad in De Polder. Hollands Hoop Op Kwaliteitsdrama

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Breaking Bad in De Polder. Hollands Hoop Op Kwaliteitsdrama Breaking Bad in de polder. Hollands hoop op kwaliteitsdrama. Narratieve complexiteit onderzocht in het scenario van Hollands Hoop en vergeleken met Breaking Bad op basis van genre, structuur en personage. Auteur: J.D.S. Fakkeldij E-mailadres: [email protected] Studentnummer: 10633588 Begeleider: dhr. Dr. F.A.M. Laeven Tweede lezer: dhr. Dr. F.J.J.W. Paalman Opleiding: MA Media Studies: Film Studies, Beroepsgeoriënteerde Specialisatie Datum: 20 april 2015 Abstract In this thesis, a comparative analysis is made between the Dutch TV-series Hollands Hoop (2014) and the American TV-series Breaking Bad(2008-2013). On first instance, both series show typical thematic and character similarities. Can the same similarity also be found in the 'quality' of the series? With the help of the concept of narrative complexity, genre, structure and character are analyzed to answer this question. Keywords: Narrative Complexity Quality TV TV-series Drama Genre Structure Character Dankwoord Ik wil in de eerste plaats mijn begeleider Erik Laeven bedanken voor zijn uiterst geduldige begeleiding van het ontwikkelings- en schrijfproces van deze scriptie. Ik dank hem voor zijn immer positieve feedback die me zelfs in de minst productieve periode vertrouwen gaf in de voortgang van het proces. De flexibiliteit en de bereidheid om zelfs met de kerstdagen een eerste deel van mijn scriptie te lezen is ongekend sympathiek. Daarnaast ben ik veel dank verschuldigd aan Franky Ribbens, scenarist van Hollands Hoop, die zo vriendelijk is geweest toestemming te geven om het scenario van Hollands Hoop te gebruiken voor het onderzoek. Daarom ook mijn dank aan Joost de Wolf, eindredacteur VPRO Drama, die zo hartelijk is geweest om zijn exemplaar van het scenario uit te lenen. Veel dank ook aan Marieke Mols, dramaturg bij de VPRO, die zo vriendelijk is geweest om in korte tijd mijn eerste versie te lezen en te voorzien van waardevol commentaar. Toen de nood het hoogst was stond mijn lieve zus Syrinx klaar om mijn scriptie met een stevige eindredactieschoffel te bewerken. Dank voor de confronterend goede tips. Ook Alwine wil ik bedanken voor trouwe steun en toeverlaat. De overuren in de bieb waren uiterst waardevol en gezellig. De overdosis suiker, immuniteit voor cafeïne en een opgekrabbelde nicotineverslaving beschouw ik als een bijzaak. Lieve Wendy, samen kunnen we de wereld aan. Zelfs als we aan de andere kant ervan zitten. Daar schijnt met jou de zon, ook als mijn hoofd op onweer staat. Inhoudsopgave 1. INLEIDING 1 1.1 Inspiratiebron en overeenkomsten 1 1.2 Goede kritieken en prijzen 2 1.3 Verschillende productieculturen 3 1.4 Kwaliteit en complexiteit 5 1.5 Indeling onderzoek 7 1.5.1 Historische context 7 1.5.2 Methode en theorie 8 1.5.3 Genres vermengen 8 1.5.4 Complexe structuur 9 1.5.5 Gelaagde personages 9 2. HISTORISCHE CONTEXT EN KWALITEITSDISCUSSIE 10 2.1 Historische context 10 2.1.1 Verandering in technologie en industrie 12 2.2 Kwaliteitsdiscussie 14 2.3 Concluderend 16 3. METHODE EN THEORETISCHE BASIS 18 3.1 Genre en structuur 18 3.1.1 Serialiteit en eindes als generiek kenmerk 19 3.1.2 Aristoteles’ structuur 20 3.1.3 Aktenstructuur gebaseerd op Aristoteles 21 3.1.4 Complexe puzzle-plots 22 3.2 Personage 22 3.2.1 Identificatie 23 3.2.2 De antiheld 25 3.3 Concluderend 26 4. GENRE IN HOLLANDS HOOP 28 4.1 Surrealistische western 28 4.2 Komische gezinsthriller 29 4.2.1 Thriller-teasers 32 4.3 Serieel mysterieplot 33 4.4 Concluderend 33 5. STRUCTUUR IN HOLLANDS HOOP 35 5.1 Serialiteit in Hollands Hoop 35 5.2 Procedurele kenmerken in Hollands Hoop 36 5.2.1 Episodisch plantageproces 36 5.2.2 Iedere aflevering een nieuwe antagonist 37 5.2.3 Herstelde uitgangspositie 40 5.2.4 ‘Vergeten’ ontwikkeling 41 5.3 Vier-aktenstructuur in Breaking Bad 43 5.4 Complexe teasers 44 5.5 Concluderend 45 6. PERSONAGES IN HOLLANDS HOOP 47 6.1 Fokke versus Walt 47 6.1.1 Uiterlijke overeenkomsten 47 6.1.2 Dramatisch motorisch moment 48 6.1.3 Pact met de duivel 49 6.1.4 De psychiater versus de scheikundige 50 6.1.5 Geen geweld? 52 6.1.6 Herwonnen seksdrive 53 6.2 Pepijn versus Jesse 53 6.3 Concluderend 54 7. CONCLUSIE 56 7.1 Breekt hij los in de polder? 56 7.2 Beantwoording hoofdvraag 57 7.3 Conclusie in breder perspectief 61 8. REFERENTIELIJST 64 8.1 Literatuurlijst 64 8.2 Online recensies & websites 69 8.3 Medialijst 73 9. BIJLAGEN 74 9.1 Bijlage 1: scenario Hollands Hoop 74 9.2 Bijlage 2: scenario “Pilot” Breaking Bad 74 1. INLEIDING 1.1 Inspiratiebron en overeenkomsten Hoogopgeleide mannen van middelbare leeftijd, ongelukkig in hun burgerlijk bestaan, gestoken in een kleurloze beige jas en… een grote witte onderbroek. Walter ‘Walt’ White uit Breaking Bad (2008-2013) en Fokke Augustinus uit Hollands Hoop (2014 - heden) raken allebei verzeild in de plaatselijke drugsproductie. Hun beroepen lijken goed van pas te komen in deze criminele drugswereld. Walt is een overgekwalificeerd scheikundeleraar op een middelbare school, Fokke een gefrustreerd forensisch psychiater op een tbs-kliniek. Walt produceert de zuiverste crystal meth en Fokke runt met psychopathische criminelen de grootste wietplantage van Nederland. Beide mannen hebben een gezin waarvoor ze hun criminele activiteiten verborgen proberen te houden. Walter White doet dit in het stoffige Albuquerque waar de omliggende uitgestrekte woestijnlandschappen bijdragen aan een kenmerkende omgeving voor de serie. Fokke Augustinus verhuist met zijn gezin naar het groene, polderrijke platteland in het meest noordelijke puntje van Groningen. ‘Hollandser’ dan wiet verbouwen in de polder wordt het niet. De makers, regisseur Dana Nechushtan en scenarist Franky Ribbens, stellen zelf ook dat Breaking Bad een grote inspiratiebron is geweest voor de ontwikkeling van Hollands Hoop (Van der Velden z. pag.).1 Met het oog op deze duidelijke eerste overeenkomsten doet het dan ook niet verbazen dat verschillende Nederlandse media Hollands Hoop op uitgesproken wijze met Breaking Bad hebben vergeleken: ‘Breaking Bad in Groningen’, ‘Breaking Bad in de kleigrond’ (Takken z. pag.), ‘De Nederlandse Breaking Bad’ (Kraak z. pag.) of ‘Breaking Bad in de polder’ (Hofman z. pag.). Achter de uitgesproken manier waarop deze vergelijking wordt gemaakt, schuilt een tweetal impliciete gevolgen die aan de basis staan van deze scriptie. Ten eerste heeft het gebruik van de titel van Breaking Bad in de vergelijkingen het gevolg dat de betekenis ervan wordt geprojecteerd op Hollands Hoop. ‘Breaking bad’ in de serie Breaking Bad heeft een betekenis, het is een afgeleide van to break bad, een uitdrukking afkomstig van de 1 Ook films als Fargo (1996), Adam’s Apples (2005), Flickering Lights (2000) en The Green Butchers (2003) hebben als inspiratiebron gediend (Kraak z. pag.). De komische, gewelddadige en absurde stijl van deze films is zeker zichtbaar in Hollands Hoop maar vallen vanwege de beperkte ruimte in het onderzoek buiten de analyse van deze scriptie. Bovendien ligt de nadruk bewust op de vergelijking met Breaking Bad omdat dit net als Hollands Hoop een dramaserie is en geen speelfilm waar het aspect van serialiteit ontbreekt. 1 straattaal uit het zuidwestelijke deel van de Verenigde Staten. Het betekent zoveel als dat iemand losbreekt uit zijn schulp, ageert tegen wetten en regels en indruist tegen bestaande conventies (Rothman z. pag.). De vergelijkingen doen daarom vermoeden dat Fokke Augustinus in Hollands Hoop op een zelfde wijze ‘losbreekt’ als Walter White doet in Breaking Bad. De gemaakte vergelijkingen insinueren dat Hollands Hoop niet alleen aan de oppervlakte lijkt op Breaking Bad. Ook op een dieper niveau, qua motivatie van het hoofdpersonage zouden de series overeenkomen. 1.2 Goede kritieken en prijzen Er is nog een tweede impliciet gevolg dat voortkomt uit de vergelijkingen van de media. Door Hollands Hoop zo direct met Breaking Bad te associëren, kleeft er een kwaliteitsnormering aan de uitspraak ‘Breaking Bad in de polder’, die een hoge druk legt op Hollands Hoop. In de vergelijking lijkt haast de hoop schuil te gaan dat Hollands Hoop, een serie van Nederlandse bodem, zo goed zou kunnen zijn als het Amerikaanse Breaking Bad. Breaking Bad wordt door velen gezien als een van de beste dramaseries van de afgelopen twintig jaar waar door critici lovend over wordt gesproken. Bijvoorbeeld in Variety over de degelijke verhaalstructuur: “(…) pursuing a story arc that evolves impressively and incorporates an engrossing moral dilemma” (Lowry z. pag.). In The Washington Post over het genre: “A mondo-bizarro, dark-as-midnight, bitterly bleak tragicomedy (…)” (Lowry z. pag.). De acteerprestaties worden geprezen in de New York Times: “It has good acting, particularly by Bryan Cranston (…), who blends Walt’s sad- sack passivity with glints of wry self-awareness” (Stanley, z. pag.). The New Yorker vindt de visuele stijl goed op een aantal aspecten: “(…) the speed-racer editing; those cinema-serial cliffhangers; the McGyver-like scientific stunts and black humor; and especially those montages of meth-making, which are as erotic in their way as any sex scene” (Nussbaum z. pag.). In de afgelopen jaren is de vijf seizoenen tellende serie 58 keer voor een Emmy Award genomineerd en heeft de serie zestien Emmy Awards gewonnen (Academy of Television Arts & Science z. pag.). Op de online database IMDB krijgt de serie van zo’n 619 duizend IMDB-gebruikers gemiddeld een 9,6 uit 10 als rapportcijfer (IMDB Breaking Bad) (IMDB Votes/Ratings). Hollands Hoop werd uitgezonden op NPO 2, de zender die volgens de eigen omschrijving de kijker aan het denken zet en het mooiste biedt van Nederlandse en 2 internationale kunst en cultuur, waaronder kwaliteitsdrama (NPO z. pag.). Ofwel, volgens het profiel van de zender mag het publiek verwachten dat een dramaserie als Hollands Hoop van hoge kwaliteit zal zijn.
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