DOCSLIB.ORG

Security Strip for a Security Paper for Currency & Banknotes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Security Strip for a Security Paper for Currency & Banknotes Patentamt Europaisches || || 1 1| || || || 1 1| || || || || || (19) J European Patent Office Office europeen des brevets (1 1 ) EP 0 536 855 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publicationation and mention (51) Int. CI.6: B42D 15/00, B41M3/14 of the grant of the patent: 11.12.1 996 Bulletin 1 996/50 (21) Application number: 92203692.6 (22) Date of filing: 24.02.1987 (54) Security strip for a security paper for currency & banknotes Sicherheitsstreifen fur ein Sicherheitspapier fur Wertpapiere und Banknoten Ruban de securite pour papier de securite pour papiers fiduciaires et billets de banque (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Williams, John Francis et al CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE WILLIAMS, POWELL & ASSOCIATES 34 Tavistock Street (43) Date of publication of application: London WC2E 7PB (GB) 14.04.1993 Bulletin 1993/15 (56) References cited: (62) Application number of the earlier application in EP-A- 0 070 172 EP-A- 01 05 969 accordance with Art. 76 EPC: 87102596.1 EP-A- 0 181 770 DE-A- 1 446 851 GB-A- 237 828 GB-A- 1 486 079 (73) Proprietor: CRANE &CO.INC. GB-A-2103 669 US-A-4 552 617 Dalton Massachusetts 01226 (US) US-A-4 652 015 (72) Inventor: Crane, Timothy T. • DATABASE WPIL Week 8446, Derwent Windsor, Massachusetts 01226 (US) Publications Ltd., London, GB; AN 84282244 & AU-A-1 793 283 (AQUINO) • GB-A-J19963 (JULES GERNAERT) CO LO LO CO CO CO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, give LO any person may notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in o a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. Q_ 99(1) European Patent Convention). LU Printed by Rank Xerox (UK) Business Services 2.13.9/3.4 1 EP 0 536 855 B1 2 Description to be visually accessed from one side of the security paper. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION All the aforementioned methods for incorporating security devices within the security paper allow for visi- Methods are currently available for deploying a thin s ble access to the presence of the security device by strip of clear material such as polyester film within paper means of the unaided eye. The Williams approach could during the papermaking process. If the film is used as a lead an observer to believe that a blurred line on the sur- security thread and is first micro-printed prior to dispen- face of the security paper, for example, is a sufficient sation during the papermaking process, the resulting indication of authenticity without requiring that the paper paper then contains a legible code that is legible in w be held up to transmitted light for actual verification. The transmitted light. With papers of the substance and earlier security device also caused the security paper to thickness used for currency and banknotes, the code is exhibit an increased thickness in the vicinity of the also visible under reflected light. The purpose of printed device compared to the thickness of the paper itself. security threads is to deter a potential forger since the This increased thickness or "bulge" line can be dupli- coded indicia on the thread is buried within the paper is cated by a skilled forger to lead the observer to believe and cannot be duplicated by surface printing tech- that a security device is actually present, without further niques. The authenticity of such a document can be examination. readily verified by comparing the appearance of the When an unprinted metallized plastic thread such security thread under reflected light against its appear- as described within the aforementioned patent to Wil- ance in transmitted light. It is the reflected light appear- 20 liams is used as a security thread, the optical and elec- ance that is most relied upon by the public when trical properties of the thread can be used for automatic handling currency and banknotes in general circulation. verification by determining optical variations across the The reflected light appearance, however, does not paper as well as by standard electronic metal detection directly reveal the presence of the printing that is com- techniques. It has been determined, however, that the pletely legible in transmitted light. In fact, the nondistinct 25 optical properties of such a metallized thread can be muted line of the security thread that is conspicuous at duplicated to some extent by means of a pale but the surface of the currency and banknotes becomes the opaque line printed on the surface of the paper in the distinctive feature in the eyes of the general public. vicinity of where the security thread would be located. A The inclusion of the security device within the body dull pencil line may also fool the unskilled observer as to of the security paper now requires sophisticated paper- 30 the presence of a buried security thread. making machinery which is not available to forgers. One For reliable verification, the currency or banknote method of incorporating the security device is described must be held up to a light source to reveal the coded within U.S. patent 3,880,706 to Williams, wherein the indicia on the security thread that make a security security device is sandwiched between two layers of thread virtually impossible to forge. The nondistinctive formed paper midway during the papermaking process. 35 line that is the visible surface manifestation of the An opaque item embedded within security paper is embedded security thread under reflected light is easily also described as early as the issue dates of U.S. pat- simulated also by a variety of printing processes. ents 210,089; 964,014; and 1,929,828. It is believed Earlier attempts at printing on plastic strips and that the two ply insertion approach disclosed within embedding the strips within the paper have not hereto- these patents deterred feasibility for use within currency 40 fore proved feasible since the ink used to form the paper, since the two ply papers could conceivably be printed information that was legible under transmitted replicated by laminating thin sheets of counterfeit paper light also allowed the information to become legible without requiring a sophisticated papermaking under reflected light. The public could then rely upon the machine. The simplicity in the configuration and design presence of the printed matter solely under reflected of the proposed security items were such that a forger 45 light, which printing is easily replicated by counterfeit could replicate them without a great deal of skill or means. expense. One way to ensure that the public does not come to Another method of incorporating the security device rely on such an easily simulated security thread charac- within the security paper comprises pressing the device teristic is to manufacture currency and banknote paper within the wet paper fibers while the fibers are unconsol- so containing a security thread that is virtually invisible idated and pliable as taught by U.S. patent 4,534,398 to under reflected light with no manifestation on the sur- Timothy Crane, which patent is incorporated herein for face of the currency or banknote that such a security purposes of reference. In this method the security thread is present. This two-fold test of authentication, device is visible from one surface of the security paper namely, legible under transmitted light and invisible for visual verification. 55 under reflected light, has heretofore not been met by U.S. patent 4,552,617 also in the name of Timothy any of the earlier noted devices. Crane describes a method of incorporating a security US-A-4,552,61 7 discloses a system for embedding device within security paper by dissolving the security into paper security indicia, which includes providing a device carrier substrate and allowing the security device soluble carrier substrate in strip form with micro-coded 2 3 EP 0 536 855 B1 4 information. The strip is inserted into the fibres used for type papermaking machine adapted for inserting forming paper during the paper-making process, such the security device from a continuous strip within that the strip dissolves to leave the micro-coded infor- the paper fibers; mation intact as security indicia within the paper. The Figure 4 is an enlarged top perspective view of a micro-printed indicia may be formed from ink, fluores- 5 part of an aluminized polyester security device strip cent pigments, dyes or metallised and metal oxide depicted in Figures 2 and 3 after a clear protective coated films. overcoat has been applied to the aluminized print; EP-A-0,181,770 discloses an optical interference Figure 5 is a top perspective view of an aluminized authenticating device which includes a polyester film polyester security device film with a clear protective substrate and at least two coatings thereon, one being 10 overcoat applied to the area where indicia is to be radiation absorbing so as to be selectively removed by retained and after an etchant solution has been an infrared laser beam after being deposited on the sub- applied producing a soluble aluminum salt in the strate by a method of vapour deposition. unprotected area; GB-A-2, 103,669 discloses a security device in the Figure 6 is a top perspective view of the security form of a diffractor grating structure applied to a dissolv- 15 device film of Figure 5 after the etchant solution has able carrier web. been applied and the soluble aluminum salt has The purpose of this invention therefore, is to pro- been removed; and vide a method for incorporating a security thread bear- Figure 7 is a side sectional view of the security ing printed information within security paper that is device of Figure 6 embedded within paper formed easily readable in transmitted light but virtually undetec- 20 within the papermaking machines depicted in Fig- table when it is viewed under reflected light.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Security Printing Practices of Banknotes
    The Security Printing Practices of Banknotes A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the Graphic Communication California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Graphic Communication; e.g. Bachelor of Science by Corbin Nakamura March, 2010 © 2010 Corbin Nakamura Table of Contents Abstract 3 I - Introduction and Purpose of Study 4 II - Literature Review 7 III - Research Methods 22 IV - Results 28 V - Conclusions 34 2 Abstract Counterfeit goods continue to undermine the value of genuine artifacts. This also applies to counterfeit banknotes, a significant counterfeit problem in today’s rapidly growing world of technology. The following research explores anti-counterfeit printing methods for banknotes from various countries and evaluates which are the most effective for eliminating counterfeit. The research methods used in this study consists primarily of elite and specialized interviewing accompanied with content analysis. Three professionals currently involved in the security- printing industry were interviewed and provided the most current information about banknote security printing. Conclusions were reached that the most effective security printing methods for banknotes rest upon the use of layering features, specifically both overt and covert features. This also includes the use of a watermark, optical variable inks, and the intaglio printing process. It was also found that despite the plethora of anti-counterfeit methods, the reality is that counterfeit will never be eliminated. Unfortunately, counterfeit banknotes will remain apart of our world. The battle against counterfeit banknotes will have to incorporate new tactics, such as improving public education, creating effective law enforcement, and relieving extreme poverty so that counterfeit does not have to take place.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection Coat for Banknotes
    BANKNOTES “The production of banknote paper is constantly being developed in order to make banknotes more counterfeit-proof, more soil-resistant and more durable.” Wolfgang Neuß, Specialist for banknotes and security paper machines, Voith Paper The way to keep banknotes clean longer Protection coat for banknotes The life of a banknote is sometimes very short. Like the famous Thaler coins, it travels from one hand to another, transforming in the process from a clean note to a wrinkled, dirty scrap of paper. There is a new protection coat that can be used to improve the durability of banknotes and make them more impervious to soil. Some years ago, it was a common of Voith Paper. No other specialty and measures taken, money counter- notion that banknotes would increa- paper captures so much attention in feiters time and again succeed in ma- singly be replaced by electronic cash. the development of new production king duds that consumers are only This has yet to be proven, and the and counterfeit-proofing methods than able to recognize with great difficulty banknote is still a means of payment banknote paper. In addition to paper as counterfeit. In Canada, for examp- as much as it ever was. The banknote mills, banknote producers also include le, 26-year-old criminal Wesley Wayne paper sector has seen a growth rate security paper printers, security inks Weber was able to introduce 67,000 of five percent, thus giving it a top producers as well as security threads counterfeit 100 dollar bills into circu- position in the paper sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Design of Security Paper with Selective Frequency Reflection
    sensors Article Design of Security Paper with Selective Frequency Reflection Characteristics Sang-Hwa Lee 1, Min-Sik Kim 2, Jong-Kyu Kim 2 and Ic-Pyo Hong 1,* 1 Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Kongju National University, Gongju 31080, Korea; [email protected] 2 National Security Research Institute, Daejeon 34188, Korea; [email protected] (M.-S.K.); [email protected] (J.-K.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 May 2018; Accepted: 11 July 2018; Published: 13 July 2018 Abstract: In this research, a security paper based on frequency selective structure technologies was designed and fabricated using selective wave reflection characteristics to prevent the offline leakage of confidential documents. Document leakage detection systems using security papers detect security papers using transceiving antenna gates. For the application of such systems, the structure must be designed with excellent reflection performance and stability at the angle of incidence. For this purpose, a loop and patch-type frequency selective structure based on a four-legged element structure was designed to have X-band frequency reflection characteristics. This design was based on optimized variables and was realized through the screen printing method using silver ink on A4 paper. It was verified that both the design and simulation results matched well. To verify its actual applicability, a detector module operable at 10 GHz was manufactured to observe both the security paper detection range in relation to distance with a signal strength of −10 dBm and the detection area in relation to the number of times that the security paper had been folded.
    [Show full text]
  • Hologram Application Machines
    BRING UNIQUE HOLOGRAM APPLICATION MACHINES INTO YOUR FACILITY OPTAGLIO HAS BEEN IN THE ABOUT FOREFRONT OF DECLARE YOUR DEVELOPMENT OF OPTAGLIO ON SUBCONTRACTORS TECHNOLOGIES INDEPENDENCE OPTAGLIO is a leading global provider of advanced ABOUT OUR OF OPTICAL optical security devices and the market leader in e-beam lithography. During 25 years of our SECURITY TECHNOLOGY IN-HOUSE APPLICATION OF SECURITY ELEMENTS history, we have delivered hundreds of millions of FOR MORE THAN holograms to governments, financial institutions e-beam lithography is the most advanced technology Although applied holograms and other security elements are often delivered 20 YEARS. and other organizations in more than 50 countries for creating optical security elements. Optical to the document producers for integration into their products, the own around the world. Our unique technology has been holographic structures are generated through in-house application brings nonnegligible benefits like: PP-ID CARD broadly recognized as the industry standard sophisticated mathematic algorithms which can be HOLOGRAM for optical security. brought together neither through reverse engineering Security enhancement through consistent control over the entire production process. OPTAGLIO, certified to relevant international nor any other method. Therefore no unauthorized APPLICATOR Cost decrease (material, transport, and logistics). standards, operates under strict 24/7 security person can produce the same hologram. IS THE MOST Seamless process management. supervision. Our comprehensive security system Thanks to the unrivaled mastering of e-beam HIGH-POWERED covers people, processes, data, and facilities. lithography, we produce holograms with visual effects Higher flexibility of production timing with independence on delivery scheduling. The company is a member of International that cannot be imitated in a comparable quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Com Code by Number
    CINCINNATI PURCHASING DIVISION Detail Numerical Commodity Listing Section 952 THRU 999 952-00 HUMAN SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-05 ALCOHOL AND DRUG DETOXIFICATION NATE MULLANNEY 952-06 ALCOHOL AND DRUG PREVENTION NATE MULLANNEY 952-07 ALCOHOL AND DRUG TESTING SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-10 BARBER/BEAUTICIAN SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-15 CASE MANAGEMENT NATE MULLANNEY 952-16 CHAPLAIN/MINISTER SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-17 CHILD ABUSE: IDENTIFICATION, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION (INCL NATE MULLANNEY 952-18 CHILD CARE FOOD PROGRAM NATE MULLANNEY 952-19 COMMUNITY GARDEN PROGRAM NATE MULLANNEY 952-20 CORRECTIONAL NATE MULLANNEY 952-21 COUNSELING NATE MULLANNEY 952-22 COMMUNITY SERVICE CAMPAIGNS (ANTI-LITTER PROGRAMS, ETC.) NATE MULLANNEY 952-23 COURT INTERVENTION SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-25 DAY CARE (PRESCHOOL) NATE MULLANNEY 952-28 DAY CARE TRAINING CONSORTIUM NATE MULLANNEY 952-30 DELIVERED MEALS NATE MULLANNEY 952-31 DISCRIMINATION INVESTIGATION NATE MULLANNEY 952-32 DOMICILE NATE MULLANNEY 952-36 EMERGENCY FOOD NATE MULLANNEY 952-37 EMERGENCY SHELTER NATE MULLANNEY 952-38 EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (INCLUDING UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENS NATE MULLANNEY 952-39 EMPLOYMENT GENERATING ACTIVITIES NATE MULLANNEY 952-42 FAMILY PLANNING NATE MULLANNEY 952-43 FAMILY AND SOCIAL SERVICES NATE MULLANNEY 952-45 FOOD STAMPS/COUPONS NATE MULLANNEY 952-47 FOSTER HOME NATE MULLANNEY 952-49 HALFWAY HOUSING NATE MULLANNEY 952-51 HEAD START PROGRAM NATE MULLANNEY 952-53 HOME MANAGEMENT NATE MULLANNEY 952-54 HOMEMAKER NATE MULLANNEY 952-55 HOMELESSNESS PREVENTION
    [Show full text]
  • Contemporary Papier Mache: Colourful Sculptures, Jewelry, and Home Accessories Pdf
    FREE CONTEMPORARY PAPIER MACHE: COLOURFUL SCULPTURES, JEWELRY, AND HOME ACCESSORIES PDF Gilat Nadivi | 112 pages | 01 Mar 2008 | Rockport Publishers Inc. | 9781589233546 | English | Beverly, United States Unique Papier Mache Home Decor at NOVICA Paper craft is a collection of crafts using paper or card as the primary artistic medium for the creation of one, two or three-dimensional objects. Paper and card stock lend themselves to a wide range Jewelry techniques and can be folded, curved, bent, cut, glued, molded, stitched, or layered. Paper crafts are known in most societies that use paper, with certain kinds of crafts being particularly associated with specific countries and Home Accessories cultures. In Caribbean countries paper craft is unique to Caribbean culture which reflect the importance of native animals in life of people. In addition to the aesthetic value of paper crafts, various forms of paper crafts are used in the education of children. Paper is a relatively inexpensive medium, readily available, and easier to work with than the more complicated media typically used in the creation of three-dimensional artwork, such as ceramics, wood, and metals. Paper crafts may also be used in therapeutic and Home Accessories, providing children with a safe and uncomplicated creative outlet to express feelings. The word "paper" derives from papyrusthe name of the ancient material manufactured from beaten reeds in Egypt as far back as the Contemporary Papier Mache: Colourful Sculptures millennium B. The first Japanese origami is dated from the 6th century A. Papel picadoas practiced in Mexico and other places in Latin America is done using chisels to cut 50 to a hundred sheets at a time, while Chinese paper cutting uses knives or scissors for up to 8 sheets.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper History
    Volume 14, Year 2010, Issue 1 PAPER HISTORY Journal of the International Association of Paper Historians Zeitschrift der Internationalen Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Papierhistoriker Revue de l’Association Internationale des Historiens du Papier ISSN 0250-8338 www.paperhistory.org PAPER HISTORY, Volume 14, Year 2010, Issue 1 International Association of Paper Historians Contents / Inhalt / Contenu Internationale Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Papierhistoriker Letter from the President May 2010 3 Lettre de la présidente de l’IPH – may 2010 3 Association Internationale des Historiens du Papier Brief der IPH-Präsidentin, Mai 2010 4 Important plan for the reco-very of several papermills on the Amalfi Coast 5 Pulp and Paper on Stamps 8 Le congrès à Angoulême 16 IPH Assemblée générale, Angoulême (France), 9 octobre, 2010 17 Information from delegates 20 General information 23 Orbituaries 24 Guidelines for authors 26 Editor Anna-Grethe Rischel Complete your paper historical library now! Denmark Ergänzen Sie jetzt Ihre papierhistorische Co-editors IPH-Delegates Bibliothek! Maria Del Carmen Hidalgo Brinquis Completez aujourd’hui votre bibliothèque de Spain l’Histoire du papier! 27 Dr. Claire Bustarret France Prof. Dr. Alan Crocker United Kingdom Dr. Józef Dąbrowski Poland Jos De Gelas Belgium Deadline for contributions each year 15. March and 15. September Elaine Koretsky USA Paola Munafò Italy President Anna-Grethe Rischel Dr. Henk J. Porck Präsident Stenhøjgaardsvej 57 The Netherlands President DK - 3460 Birkerød Prof. Dr. Gottfried Schweizer Denmark Austria tel + 45 45 816803 [email protected] Prof. Dr. Tomas Stohr Venezuela Secretary Dr. Sabine Schachtner Göran Wohlfahrt Sekretariat LVR-Industriemuseum Sweden Secrétaire Papiermühle Alte Dombach Lay-out Karen Borchersen D- 51465 Bergisch Gladbach The School of Conservation Germany Esplanaden 34 tel + 49 2202 936880 DK – 1263 Copenhagen K [email protected] Denmark [email protected] Treasurer Alphonse Radermecker Printer Prinfo Paritas Printcenter Kassier Hochstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodity Master List
    Commodity Master List 005 ABRASIVES 010 ACOUSTICAL TILE, INSULATING MATERIALS, AND SUPPLIES 015 ADDRESSING, COPYING, MIMEOGRAPH, AND SPIRIT DUPLICATING MACHINE SUPPLIES: CHEMICALS, INKS, PAPER, ETC. 019 AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND GRAINS INCLUDING FRUITS, MELONS, NUTS, AND VEGETABLES 020 AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT, IMPLEMENTS, AND ACCESSORIES (SEE CLASS 022 FOR PARTS) 022 AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT AND ACCESSORY PARTS 025 AIR COMPRESSORS AND ACCESSORIES 031 AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, AND VENTILATING: EQUIPMENT, PARTS AND ACCESSORIES (SEE RELATED ITEMS IN CLASS 740) 035 AIRCRAFT AND AIRPORT, EQUIPMENT, PARTS, AND SUPPLIES 037 AMUSEMENT, DECORATIONS, ENTERTAINMENT, TOYS, ETC. 040 ANIMALS, BIRDS, MARINE LIFE, AND POULTRY, INCLUDING ACCESSORY ITEMS (LIVE) 045 APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENT, HOUSEHOLD TYPE 050 ART EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 052 ART OBJECTS 055 AUTOMOTIVE ACCESSORIES FOR AUTOMOBILES, BUSES, TRUCKS, ETC. 060 AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE ITEMS AND REPAIR/REPLACEMENT PARTS 065 AUTOMOTIVE BODIES, ACCESSORIES, AND PARTS 070 AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES AND RELATED TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 075 AUTOMOTIVE SHOP EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 080 BADGES, EMBLEMS, NAME TAGS AND PLATES, JEWELRY, ETC. 085 BAGS, BAGGING, TIES, AND EROSION CONTROL EQUIPMENT 090 BAKERY EQUIPMENT, COMMERCIAL 095 BARBER AND BEAUTY SHOP EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES 100 BARRELS, DRUMS, KEGS, AND CONTAINERS 105 BEARINGS (EXCEPT WHEEL BEARINGS AND SEALS -SEE CLASS 060) 110 BELTS AND BELTING: AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL 115 BIOCHEMICALS, RESEARCH 120 BOATS, MOTORS, AND MARINE AND WILDLIFE SUPPLIES 125 BOOKBINDING SUPPLIES
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Technology Journal
    Paper Technology Journal News from the Divisions: CompactPulper – the new generation of Voith broke pulpers. The success story of Shandong Huatai Paper and Voith Paper keeps on rolling. Adolf Jass, Germany – complete production line for packaging papers. PrintFlex P – development of a new press fabric concept. Paper Culture: 17 Japanese Paper Blossoms Anew. Contents EDITORIAL Title page: Foreword 1 Traditional production Mixed Tropical Hardwood – of Japanese Paper. a minor and declining source of fibre for paper 2 NEWS FROM THE DIVISIONS Fiber Systems: CompactPulper – the new generation of Voith broke pulpers 7 Fiber Systems: Rejects and residue disposal from recycled fiber plants – Europe as the pioneer in rejects handling systems 10 Paper Machines: The success story of Shandong Huatai Paper and Voith Paper keeps on rolling 15 Finishing: China’s first Twister – automated paper roll wrapping par excellence 20 Trade fair and more... Voith Paper demonstrates its technological competence and close relationship with customers 23 Paper Machines: Kimberly PM 96 – position for lang-term competitiveness 26 Paper Machines: NipcoFlex and TissueFlex – Shoe press technology for the dewatering of all paper grades 28 Paper Machines: Hengfeng PM 12 – new quality benchmark for cigarette paper 32 Paper Machines: Adolf Jass Paper Mill, Schwarza, Germany – another complete production line for packaging papers 36 Paper Machines: Zülpich PM 6 – still one of the most productive paper machines for Testliner and Corrugating Medium 39 Finishing: Excellent threading
    [Show full text]
  • USE of NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS for PULP and PAPER INDUSTRY in ASIA: POTENTIAL in CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr
    USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA By Mudit Chandra Degree Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF FORESTRY IN WOOD SCIENCE AND FOREST PRODUCTS APPROVED: A. L. Hammett, Chairman J. D. Dolan C. D. West August, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr. A. L. Hammett, Chairman Department of Wood Science and Forest Products (ABSTRACT) The pulp and paper industry around the world has been growing rapidly. As a result there has been a huge demand for pulp and paper making raw material. Recent years have seen a spurt in use of nonwood fibers being used as a raw material for this purpose. Although some of the nonwood fibers used for papermaking are used because of their fine paper making qualities, majority of nonwood fibers is used to overcome the shortage of wood fibers. As a result their use is more widespread in countries with shortage of wood. The use of nonwood fibers in pulp and paper industry is fraught with problems. Right from supply of raw material to the properties of finished paper, majority of nonwood raw material has proven to be economically inferior to wood. But over the last few years, technological breakthrough in almost all the fields of papermaking have made nonwood more competitive with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till recently, use of nonwood fibers for pulp and paper making was concentrated in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing an increasing trend even in countries with adequate wood supply due to environmental considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Preferred Business Products Version Two 2021 for the Office Badge Holders - Binders Product No
    Your Preferred Business Products Version Two 2021 For the Office Badge Holders - Binders Product No. Description Unit Avery Badge Holders, Pin-Style w/ AZO-20741 Black 1” D-Ring, View Each Inserts, Top Load AZO-20743 Black 1/5” D-Ring, View Each 2 1/ 4 x 3 1/ 2, White, 100/ BX AZO-20745 Black 2” D-Ring, Vie Each • These badges feature a durable, easy-to-load, AZO-20747 Black 3” D-Ring, View Each open top, pocket-style design. AZO-20995 Black 4” D-Ring, View Each • White micro-perforated name badge inserts AZO-20998 Black 5” D-Ring, View Each are printable on both sides and separate AZO-20761 Black 1” D-Ring, Label Holder, View `Each cleanly leaving smooth edges. AZO-20781 Black 2” D-Ring, Label Holder, View Each • Create badges with text and colorful graphics using free AZO-20791 Black 3” D-Ring, Label Holder, View Each designs and templates with Avery® Design & Print. AZO-20706 Black 4” D-Ring, Label Holder, View Each • Horizontal-orientation: Easy-to-load pocket design with AZO-20742 White 1” D-Ring, View Each safety pin AZO-20744 White 1.5” D-Ring, View Each AZO-20746 White 2” D-Ring, View Each Product No. Unit AZO-20748 White 3” D-Ring, View Each AVE-74549 Box AZO-20994 White 4” D-Ring, View Each Rayovac® Alkaline Industrial AZO-20997 White 5” D-Ring, View Each Batteries • Dependable, powerful performance A-Z Office Resource Round Ring • Date Coded Standard Economy Binders • Long-life Alkaline Sold by Each, 12 per Carton • Basic, non-view, economical binder for light Product No Description Unit use.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox Paper Specialty Media Catalog
    Xerox® Paper and Specialty Media Product Catalog The Xerox® Paper and Specialty Media Line can meet a wide variety of needs. From everyday usage to high-volume jobs, and from digital printing to more specialty applications, you’ll find just what you need for your business or for professional-looking print jobs. This line is organized into three product families, Vitality™, Bold™ and Revolution™ to help you make better choices based on usage and project needs. Vitality™ papers are multipurpose papers that will always give you great looking results. So whether you’re printing on your desktop printer, using a laser printer, making copies or stocking paper for the whole office, Xerox® Vitality™ will help you get the job done more efficiently and with less hassle. Bold™ office papers and digital printing papers are digitally optimized to give you the professional quality results that your work demands. When you’re looking for results that make your work look a step above the rest, this high quality line will help you make an impression that lasts. The Revolution™ line includes a wide variety of specialty papers, films and materials. These unique and customizable products help you increase sales by offering your customers a full range of professional- looking marketing and business-building tools. The Xerox® Paper and Specialty Media Line can also help meet corporate and sustainability goals. Nearly all of the office papers and digital printing papers within the line are Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) certified and the entire line of office and premium office papers are produced in the United States or Canada.
    [Show full text]