Levels of Spatial Planning
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Titel + Rücken Stufen der raeumlichen Planung_2019.qxp_Titel Stufen der raeumlichen Planung 19.10.20 10:51 Seite 1 Trim 210.0 x 297.0 mm Working Papers on Urban Development Planning Levels of Spatial Planning Department of City Planning and Housing LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Publisher City of Stuttgart, Germany Department of City Planning and Housing Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart Amt für Stadtplanung und Wohnen Abteilung Stadtentwicklung Editorial Team Robert Schulze Dieckhoff Frank Gwildis Nina Elidjani Postal Address Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart Amt für Stadtplanung und Wohnen Eberhardstraße 10 I Graf-Eberhard-Bau D-70173 Stuttgart I Germany Graphic Design Karl-Heinz Staudinger Published in October 2020 Online Access http://www.stuttgart.de/stadtplanung LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART As a continuously develop- In the past few years, several amendments to the ing city, Stuttgart – capital of Federal Building Code relevant to planning were the state of Baden-Württem- adopted: In 2011 the concerns surrounding gener- berg in Southern Germany – al climate protection and climate adaptation be- has to master the challenges came an important issue for urban land-use plan- of urban planning as well as ning, as a result of the „Law for the Promotion of to meet the diverse demands Climate Protection in the Development of Cities and of its location and popula- Municipalities”. tion. Today, the main areas of planning in Stuttgart are The „Law to Enhance Urban Redevelopment in the urban redevelopment and Cities and Towns and to the Ongoing Development the reuse and reactivation of brownfields as poten- of Urban Planning Law” from 2013 aims to reduce tial building sites for housing and business develop- the use of greenfield land. The urbanity and attrac- ment, taking into account climatic and demograph- tiveness of cities should be safeguarded and en- ic changes. hanced by appropriate strategies of brownfield re- development. Stuttgart is a growing city. Numerous urban devel- opments and traffic-related projects are being The changes in the legal framework and the great planned or under construction. Primary objectives demand from politicians and the public for this for the future are the construction of new apart- brochure have prompted us to update the content ments and the development of industrial and com- in a 4th edition. The present edition gives a survey mercial sites and efficient transport networks. At the of respective planning levels of spatial planning in same time, the qualities of open spaces, green cor- Germany. It is a compact, succinct summary of the ridors, nature reserves and the open landscape have essential content. to be safeguarded and protected. Planning has to account for all the aspects, interests and needs that I hope that with this brochure we will be able to pro- contribute to creating attractive and healthy urban vide an insight into the planning system and its ap- living conditions. plied planning levels in Stuttgart, trying to make ur- ban planning’s complexity and intricacy a little clear- The task of urban planning is an orderly develop- er and more transparent. ment of the urban area at different levels and at dif- ferent scales. Conflicts of use and negative devel- opments are to be avoided in order to promote good urban design and qualitative upgrading of the urban inventory. Planning is a balancing process, mediating and communication between numerous public and private interests, whereby the objectives of the common good, of urban planning as well as environmental protection and nature conservation have to be coordinated and reconciled with legal re- quirements. Planning often results in the creation of new build- ing laws which should help to reduce or prevent Dr.-Ing. Detlef Kron negative trends and developments. Planning au- thority lies with the city, taking into account super- Municipal Director I Head ordinate planning strategies by federal, state, re- Department of Urban Planning and Housing, gional or sectoral planning. City of Stuttgart 02 | 03 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Table of Contents 05 From Regional Planning of the Federal Government Level to Private Building Application 06 State Development Plan – Landesentwicklungsplan – LEP 08 Regional Plan – Regionalplan 10 Urban Development Strategy – Stadtentwicklungskonzept – STEK 12 Preparatory Land-Use Plan – Flächennutzungsplan – FNP 14 Landscape Plan – Landschaftsplan – LSP 16 Structural Concept Plan – Strukturkonzept 18 Urban Development Framework – Städtebaulicher Rahmenplan 20 Urban Design Competition – Städtebaulicher Wettbewerb 22 Local Development Plan – Bebauungsplan – B-Plan 24 Environmental Assessment and Environment Report – Umweltprüfung und Umweltbericht 26 Other Statutes – Andere Satzungen 28 Application for Building Permission – Baugesuch 30 Establishment Process for Land-Use Plans in Germany (simplified) 31 Citizen Partizipation / Urban Development Contract 32 Stuttgart Urban Redevelopment Scheme – Stuttgarter Innenentwicklungsmodell – SIM 34 Department of City Planning and Housing – Amt für Stadtplanung und Wohnen 35 Contact Information LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART City of Stuttgart, Department of City Planning and Housing (2016) 04 | 05 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART From Regional Planning of the Federal Government Level to Private Building Applications Spatial planning takes place in Germany at various planning levels. As part of municipal self-government and plan- ning sovereignty, the municipalities themselves determine the actual use of land. The relevant legislation must be taken into account, including nature protection and biodiversity conservation, which are to be regarded separate- ly at each planning level. The integration of environmental concerns should be considered in all spatial planning.* Regional Planning on the Federal Government Level / Spatial Planning Principles Bundesraumordnung / Raumordnerische Grundsätze, Leitlinien State Development Plan State Landscape Programme Landesentwicklungsplan – LEP Landschaftsrahmenprogramm Regional Plan Regional Landscape Framework Regionalplan Landschaftsrahmenplan Urban Development Strategy Stadtentwicklungsplan Preparatory Land-Use Plan Landscape Plan Flächennutzungsplan – FNP Landschaftsplan – LSP Structural Concept Plan, Urban Development Framework, Urban Development Concept Strukturkonzept, Rahmenplan, Städtebauliches Konzept Local Development Plan Local Open Space Plan Bebauungsplan Grünordnungsplan – GOP Other Statutes and City Bye-Laws Statuten und Satzungen Application for Building Permission Bauantrag Mandatory plan, legally binding Expert landscape planning constributions Informal planning stage LH Stuttgart, Amt für Stadtplanung und Wohnen, eigene Darstellung 2019 *The consideration of environmental issues at all levels of spatial planning has been mandatory under federal law since 2004 on the basis of a formal Environmental Assessment scheme („Umweltprüfung”, sect. 2, para. 4 BauGB and sect. 9 ROG). State Development Plan Landesentwicklungsplan - LEP Hessen Bayern Rheinland-Pfalz Frankreich Schweiz Österreich Ministry of Economic Affairs of the State of Baden-Württemberg, State Development Plan (2002) Urban agglomerations AA Aalen FR Freiburg i.Br. MA Mannheim SIG Sigmaringen BAD Baden-Baden GP Göppingen MO Mosbach TB Tauberbischofsheim Urban fringes of agglomerations BB Böblingen HD Heidelberg S Offenburg B Tübingen BC Biberach HD Heidenheim OG Pforzheim TÜ Tuttlingen BL a.d.R. H a.d.B. PF Rastatt TU Ulm Higher settlement densities in Rural Areas CW Balingen HN Heilbronn RA Reutlingen T Villingen- EM Calw KA Karlruhe RT Ravensburg UL Schwenningen Rural Areas (with lower settlement densities) ES Emmendingen KN Konstanz RV Rottweil VS Waiblingen FDS Esslingen a.N. KÜ Künzelsau RW Stuttgart Please note: Urban areas of neighbouring states are FN Freudenstadt N Ludwigsburg S Schwäbisch presented according to the respective State 06 | 07 LEVELS OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN STUTTGART Objective and Content Territory Information The State Development Plan („Landesentwick- Territorial Delineation lungsplan” – LEP) specifies the goals of spatial de- The planning area covers Baden-Württemberg as velopment for the entire state of Baden-Württem- the third largest federal state with a resident popu- berg. In particular, it maps the central locations and lation of around 10.7 million inhabitants within a their catchment areas, superordinate development total area of 35,752 km2 (as of 2014). corridors as well as the borders in between open spa- ces and densely populated areas. The State Deve- Contents lopment Plan contains general principles and ob- Planned records, plans jectives for the entire federal state. Planning Scale Regional development plans are drawn up by the fe- 1: 900,000 deral states and coordination at the federal level is carried out by the Ministerial Board on Regional Plan- Planning interval ning („Ministerkonferenz für Raumordnung” – Approximately 10 years targeted. MKRO), which is also responsible for the Federal Planning Programme for the Regions („Bundes- Legal Basis raumordnungsprogramm”). Federal Regional Planning Act („Raumordnungs- gesetz“ – ROG), State Planning Act („Landespla- As far as it is required and applicable, the State De- nungsgesetz“ – LplG) velopment Plan incorporates the provisions of the State Landscape Programme („Landschaftsrahmen- Public Participation programm”). This sectoral planning contains the ob- Indirectly via 1,500 planning authorities on federal, jectives of nature conservation,