DOCSLIB.ORG

The Definite Articles in the Semitic Languages: a Comparative Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Definite Articles in the Semitic Languages: a Comparative Study Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8435 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.46, 2018 The Definite Articles in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Study Dr. Ali Za'al Al-Khamayseh Isra University – Jordan, Faculty of Arts and Sciences - Department of Arabic Language and Literature Abstract In languages, definite articles have great importance in revealing the essence of the speech and its connotations. These definite articles contribute to the coherence of the linguistic text because they show the purpose behind the meanings and denotations. Without them, the speakers' words would be vague and suspicious.This study aims at defining the use of definite articles in the group of Semitic languages. The language texts of the discovered archeological scripts of these languages, which were recognized as geographically Semitic, were found out by a group of specialized archeologists and orientalists, and are considered in this study.The study has completely surveyed the use of definite articles in the Semitic languages. Arabic and its main dialects used the articles (AL, HA, HN, AM), whereas Phoenician and Hebrew used (HA). Ancient Aramaic and its Assyrian vernacular used long (A~) at the endings of names. Acadian, Ugaritian, and Ethiopian, however, did not show any use of the articles. Keywords : Definite Articles, (AL) (HA) (HN) (AM), long (A~) at the endings of names. 1.1- Introduction The conflict between the world powers has never stopped to dominate each other, a legitimate struggle, although it bases on force without a right that supports it. In the way of truth, it is not supported by force, and every nation tries to maintain its foundations for its survival. These elements are: religion, language, culture, history, and other elements that round within above elements. The language is one of the most important elements, and we do not do the truth if we say: The conflict between nations is a struggle for language. Colonial countries are always trying to impose their language. To the colonists, at the expense of their mother tongue, which they are trying to undermine in any way. This research is entitled: " Definite Articles in the Semitic languages: a comparative study"; to stand on the definite articles in the Semitic languages that occupied the nations scientifically, culturally, politically, how many lands were stolen, how many countries were occupied, but there are a lot of positions that are still on the global maps because of manipulation of these articles, which considered to be as one of the most important means of combat in politics, because the origin of speech is indefinite , general and inclusive. The definite article leads to specify the speech without ambiguity or vague. So the old BC turned to it, focused on it, painted, and proved to remove confusion and to distinguish between the general and the particular. Since that date to the present day, the interest of definition is still because it is an issue that can not be neglected , or overlooked, but it must be focused on and dealt with a scientific research that shows its history, the way it is written in , its function, and its importance. This research is conducted in order to address these issues in a methodical scientific way, relying on sources and references, to prove the views we reached, and then we concluded with a conclusion that showed the most important findings of the research. 1.1.1 - Research Problem: The problem of this study lies in the ignorance of many people of the definite articles used by the Semitic languages, and do not able to differentiate between the tools. The researcher in this study tries to classify the definite articles and attach them to their languages, as mentioned in inscriptions and writings found during archaeological excavations. 1.1.2 - Research Questions: The research will answer the following questions: 1- What are the definite articles used by the Arabic language in different dialects? 2-What are the definite articles in the Eastern Semitic languages? 3-What are the definite articles in Western Semitic languages? 4-What are the common and individual definite articles? 1.1.3 - The Objectives of the Research: This research aims to achieve the following: First, to know the definite articles used by the Arabic language in both parts ,the northern and southern, and the rest throughout the long history. Second, the definite articles used in the following languages: Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Acadian, Ugaritian, and Ethiopian Third: To make a comparison between the Semitic languages in terms of their usage of different identification tools. 7 Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8435 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.46, 2018 1.1.4 - Research Terms: Definite Articles, Southern Arabic languages, Northern Arabic languages, Eastern Semitic languages, Western Semitic languages. 1.1.5 - Previous studies: 1 - Bergstrasher : Grammar Development, Arab Center for Research and Publishing, 1981, Cairo. This reference deals with the grammatical development of the subjects of the Arabic language in particular and the topics of Semitic languages in general. It was useful for the researcher in the development of definite articles in the Samayat. 2 - Brockelmann , Carl: Jurisprudence of Semitic Languages, translation of Ramadan Abdul Tawab, 1977, Riyadh University Press. This reference deals with linguistic issues in Semitic languages with some comparison and analysis. The researcher reported a comparison between the definite articles in the samiyat. 3 - Baalbaki , Ramzi: Comparative Arab Jurisprudence, 1999, Dar Al-Ilm for millions, issue This reference searched Arabic language in terms of jurisprudence. The researcher found it useful in knowing and comparing the definite articles used by the Arabic language in different dialects 4 - Sibawaih , Abu Al-Beshr Amr bin Othman bin Qanbar: the book, the investigation: Abdel Salam Haroon, N.H, Dar Algeel, Beirut. The first book is in Arabic grammar, and the basic source for anyone who studies Arabic grammar. The researcher used it to discover Arab definite articles, which were used by different Arab tribes. 5 - AlSuyoty , Jalaladdin Abdulrahman bin Abi Bakr: Al-Mizhar in the sciences and types of language. Investigation: Fouad Ali Mansour, 1998, scientific book press: Beirut. This reference is looking at the sciences of Arabic language and types of these science. The researcher used it to identify different types of languages and draw up the definite articles used by the Arabs in their dialects. 6 - Abdel-Tawab , Ramadan: The Introduction to Linguistics and the Methodology of Language Research, 1997, p. 3, Al-Khanji Library in Cairo. It is an introduction to know the basics of linguistics and correct scientific methodology for those who wish to be researchers in different linguistic aspects. The researcher used this reference in the sequence of subjects in this study. 7 - Noldeke : Semitic Languages, Translation: Ramadan Abdul Tawab, 1963, Library of Dar al-Nahda, Cairo. Define the Semitic languages and its dialects, identify the characteristics of them, and reveal the common aspects among them. The researcher used it to classify the Semitic languages. 8 - Wright,W: A Grammar of The Arabic Language,1962,3 rd edition. Cambridge University Press. The grammar of the Arabic language in details, it gave a hint to the identification tools used by the Arabic language and its various dialects. The researcher used this reference to know the older articles. 1.1.6 - Research limitations : The researcher began to study the sources, references and researches. He studied the blogs, magazines and periodicals that dealt with the definite articles in the Semitic languages. He made a good knowledge about the characteristics and features of these languages concerning the definite articles. He also worked on inscriptions in different sources and extracted the definite articles throughout the research. He compared them with their similarities in the Samayat. Then, he reached the results of the research and concluded from the above features a set of results that add new information to what is known about the Semitic definite articles. 1.1.7 - Research Methods and Tools : This Research is based on the collection of writings and Semitic inscriptions based on blogs, periodicals, books and magazines to confirm the usage of the Semitic languages of the definite articles. He drew fifteen evidences containing these articles and classified them starting with the most used ones (AL) in Arabic, then(HA), then(HN), then a long (A~) in the last names, to reach the desired results, then(HN) in in the Southern Arabic language. 1.1.8 - The Importance of Studying: Definite Articles are of great importance in the disclosure of the essence of the words and their meanings. Their presence contributes to an accurate textual coherence of the meaning of the speaker. In 1967, the Security Council decided to withdraw the Zionist entity from the territories it occupied, but it exploited a gap in the text of the resolution Namely: (withdrawal from land), not (from the land), that is: the difference between the two words in the (the) definition, which made them play on this sensitive path, which changes reality, and continues to delay the withdrawal to this day relying on that sin, which they deliberately, and has no solution. Especially that the major powers deliberately for the benefit of the Zionist entity, the definite article has changed the concepts but the volatility of the right void, and falsehood really. This does not mean that the articles in Arabic and the letters have no value, every article or character is important but our search concerns the definite articles in particular because we believe that it is common in many languages in general and the Semitic languages in 8 Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics www.iiste.org ISSN 2422-8435 An International Peer-reviewed Journal Vol.46, 2018 particular in which the name moves from indefinite to definite.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi
    Arabic and Contact-Induced Change Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi To cite this version: Christopher Lucas, Stefano Manfredi. Arabic and Contact-Induced Change. 2020. halshs-03094950 HAL Id: halshs-03094950 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03094950 Submitted on 15 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language Contact and Multilingualism 1 science press Contact and Multilingualism Editors: Isabelle Léglise (CNRS SeDyL), Stefano Manfredi (CNRS SeDyL) In this series: 1. Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change. Arabic and contact-induced change Edited by Christopher Lucas Stefano Manfredi language science press Lucas, Christopher & Stefano Manfredi (eds.). 2020. Arabic and contact-induced change (Contact and Multilingualism 1). Berlin: Language Science Press. This title can be downloaded at: http://langsci-press.org/catalog/book/235 © 2020, the authors Published under the Creative Commons Attribution
    [Show full text]
  • First Arabic Words Free
    FREE FIRST ARABIC WORDS PDF David Melling | 48 pages | 10 Aug 2009 | Oxford University Press | 9780199111350 | English, Arabic | Oxford, United Kingdom ​First Words: Arabic For Kids on the App Store Out of stock - Join the waitlist to be emailed when this product becomes available. This book is an amazing picture dictionary for the kids who are just starting to learn Arabic. Children will learn their first Arabic word with colorful and amusing pictures, and they will never get bored. The author has categorized the words by theme so that children can learn the words from the things around First Arabic Words. Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review. Log in. Sold out. Click to enlarge. Next product. Join waitlist. Add to wishlist. Share Facebook Twitter Pinterest linkedin Telegram. Additional information Weight 0. Reviews 0 Reviews There are no reviews yet. We only ship within the United States and Puerto Rico for non- partner institutions. All orders are processed and First Arabic Words during normal business hours Monday-Friday, from 9 a. Estimated ship times are listed below. You may First Arabic Words like…. About this Book This picture dictionary has more than words. It uses color illustration to enhance the reading and. Read First Arabic Words. Quick view. In this book, the author has described some best chosen educational stories from the First Arabic Words of our beloved Prophet Hazrat. Select options. Word by Word 2nd Edition by Steven j. Add to cart. In this book, children will know about the first four caliphs of Islam- Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Al-khatta, who were.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Scripts
    The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • SCRIPT and LANGUAGE
    SCRIPT AND LANGUAGE It seems that scholars are unanimous in regarding the Phoenician script and language as nearly complete in identity with those of the ancient Hebrew. The same alphabetic letters are used in both languages, and most scholars tend to refer to the alphabetic script as "the Canaanite–Hebrew script". and to regard the language in both as different dialects of the same language.1 The pronunciation of consonants and syllables, to our best knowledge, was identical.2 Perrot who differentiates between Hebrews and Phoenicians remarks though, that "they spoke almost the same language",3 1 Rawlinson, Phoenicia, p. 327. Harden, The Phoenicians, p. 116 Dahood, Ugaritic – Hebrew Philology, p. 2 Albright, Recent Progress In North Canaanite Research, BASOR. 70, 1938, p. 13. A Hebrew Letter From The Twelfth Century, BASOR. 73. 1939, p. 10. The North Canaanite Poems of Al'eyan Ba'al, JPOS, 1934, p. 115. Harris, A Grammar of The Phoenician Language, pp. 6, 9, 68–69. Autran, Phéniciens, p. 4. Weill, Phéniciens, Égéens et Hellénes Dans La Mediterranée Primitive, SY., (II), 1921, p. 126. Berger, La Grande Encyclopédie, Paris, Tome 26, Phénicie, pp. 620 – 621. Smith Robertson, The Religion of The Semites, Meridian Library, 1956, p. 6. Moscati, The World of The Phoenicians, pp. 91 –93. Eisfeldt, The Beginnings of Phoenician Epigraphy etc. PEQ. 1947, p. 69 (notes). Renan, L'histoire Du Peuple D'israel, tome I. pp. 11, 101, 102. Barnette, Phoenician – Punic Art, EWA, p. 295. Perrot – Chipiez, History of Art In Phoenicia And Its Dependencies, 1885, pp. 12, 13 – 14, 63. Virolleaud, Les Inscriptions Cuneiformes de Ras Shamra, SY., 1929, p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biradical Origin of Semitic Roots
    Copyright by Bernice Varjick Hecker 2007 The Dissertation Committee for Bernice Varjick Hecker certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Biradical Origin of Semitic Roots Committee: Robert D. King, Supervisor Robert T. Harms Richard P. Meier Esther L. Raizen Peter F. Abboud THE BIRADICAL ORIGIN OF SEMITIC ROOTS by Bernice Varjick Hecker, M.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May, 2007 Dedication To Mark Southern, who awakened and sustained my interest in the Ancient Near East. Acknowledgments I would first like to thank Prof. Harms, who supervised my earlier paper, for teaching me that there is no way to conclusively prove a theory about an early stage of a prehistoric language but that it was possible to demonstrate its likelihood. His comments at an early stage of this work were invaluable in showing me how to go about doing so. I would also like to thank Prof. King, my dissertation supervisor, who was an unfailing font of support and who gave me excellent advice and direction. My husband, Ran Moran, was the sine qua non of this project. There is no way that I could have completed it without his help, both in accommodating to my schedule and in expending all the resources that I brought to bear on writing this dissertation. v The Biradical Origin of Semitic Roots Publication No._____________ Bernice Varjick Hecker, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Symbols and Astrological Terms in Ancient Arabic Inscriptions
    SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, Vol. 5, No. 2, (2019), pp. 21-30 Open Access. Online & Print www.sci-cult.com DOI: SYMBOLS AND ASTROLOGICAL TERMS IN ANCIENT ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS Mohammed H. Talafha1* and Ziad A. Talafha2 1Dept. of Astronomy, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, XI. Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A 2Dept. of History, AL al-BAYT University, 25113 Mafraq, Jordan Received: 03/11/2018 Accepted: 11/02/2019 *Corresponding author: Mohammed H. Talafha ([email protected]) ABSTRACT In the past, the Arabs in Al-hara Zone used many stars to deduce the seasons of the year and also to deduce the roads, at that time this was the most convienent way to figure their ways and to know the time of the year they have to travel or to planet, The most important used stars at that time were the Pleiades, Canopus, Arcturus and other stars. This study shows the inscriptions found in Al-hara Zone in many field trips in the year 2018 which were written on smooth black rocks and how these inscriptions related to the stars and to the seasons – at that time - of the year. KEYWORDS: Arabic, Stars, Inscriptions, Al-hara Zone, Rock art from southern Syria and north-east of Jor- dan in Badia al-Sham, The Pleiades, Arabian Tribes, Canopus, Seasons, Pre-Islamic era. Copyright: © 2019. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 22 M.H. TALAFHA & Z.A. TALAFHA 1. INTRODUCTION the re-consideration and prospective of Qatar cultur- al heritage tourism map, among other studies.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reply to the New Arabia Theory by Ahmad Al-Jallad
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research CUNY Central Office 2020 The Case for Early Arabia and Arabic Language: A Reply to the New Arabia Theory by Ahmad al-Jallad Saad D. Abulhab CUNY Central Office How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/oaa_pubs/16 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Case for Early Arabia and Arabic Language: A Reply to the New Arabia Theory by Ahmad al-Jallad Saad D. Abulhab (City University of New York) April, 2020 The key aspect of my readings of the texts of ancient Near East languages stems from my evidence-backed conclusion that these languages should be classified and read as early Arabic. I will explore here this central point by replying to a new theory with an opposite understanding of early Arabia and the Arabic language, put forth by Ahmad al-Jallad, a scholar of ancient Near East languages and scripts. In a recent debate with al-Jallad, a self-described Semitic linguist, he proclaimed that exchanging the term 'Semitic' for ‘early Arabic’ or ‘early fuṣḥā’ is “simply a matter of nomenclature.”1 While his interpretation of the term Semitic sounds far more moderate than that of most Western philologists and epigraphists, it is not only fundamentally flawed and misleading, but also counterproductive. Most scholars, unfortunately, continue to misinform their students and the scholarly community by alluding to a so-called Semitic mother language, as a scientific fact.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phoenician Language: Remarks on the Present State of Research
    Originalveröffentlichung in: Atti del I. Congresso Internationale di Studi Fenici e Punici / 2, Rom, 1983, S. 375-385 THE PHOENICIAN LANGUAGE: REMARKS ON THE PRESENT STATE OF RESEARCH W. ROLLIG The topic of the present talk was suggested to me by the organizers of this con­ gress (*). It seems to me, that these illustri colleghi and we are clear what we mean when we speak of the « Phoenician language ». But is this actually the case? Several years ago E. Ullendorff published a rather provocative article entitled « Is Biblical Hebrew a Language? » (')• This question can just as easely be asked of Phoeni­ cian. The same holds true, with slight modification, for Ullendorff's initial statement of purpose: « I am simply interested to know whether the words, forms, and construc­ tions that happen to occur in this corpus of relatively modest size, which we call the Hebrew Bible, would be adequate to serve as a basis for the ordinar day-to-day re­ quirements of a normal speech community ». He comes to the conclusion that it is « clearly no more than a linguistic fragment, ... scarcely a full integrated language which ... could ever have been spoken and have satisfied the needs of its speakers » (2). In view of the corpus of Phoenician and Punic inscriptions our statements must be much more modest. For, notwithstanding the welcome increase of textual material in the past decades (3). Phoenician probably remains the worst transmitted and least known of all Semitic languages. The size of the corpus, numerically so impressive, gives a misleading impression of plenty, since the inscriptions are hallmarked by a monotony of contents and a formulaic and laconic style.
    [Show full text]
  • Young Phoenicians” and the Quest for a Lebanese Language: Between Lebanonism, Phoenicianism, and Arabism
    Chapter 4 “Young Phoenicians” and the Quest for a Lebanese Language: between Lebanonism, Phoenicianism, and Arabism Franck Salameh In the context of modern Middle Eastern history, the varied peoples of the “Greater Middle East” are often viewed through simplified notions of “Arab” and “Muslim,” sometimes to the neglect of other, pre-Arab pre-Muslim Middle Easterners otherwise lapsed from the prevalent paradigms on, of, and about the modern Middle East. To non-historians, a century or more of Western aca- demic interest in the region seems to have yielded little beyond clichés and assumptions referring to “‘Arabs,’ ‘Arab’ fears, ‘Arab’ hopes, ‘Arab’ concerns, and ‘Arab’ hang-ups – ‘Arab’ being the emblematic “be all end all” of all matters Middle East.”1 Yet there exists a vibrant and venerable Middle East outside the dominant platitudes about which traditional Middle East scholarship remains largely mute. It is within this context that this paper offers the suggestion that the prevalent assumptions about an essentially Arab (or uniformly Muslim) Middle East be confronted with a more culturally and religiously diverse Middle East. In line with this, this paper focuses on the so-called “Young Phoenicians” in Lebanon who in the early twentieth century put forward another interpreta- tion of the history of the region and of their region, foregrounding non-Arab and non-Muslim interpretations of it. 1 Young Phoenicians, Old Lebanese In Lebanon, the tendency towards valorising and celebrating the longue durée of Middle Eastern history and memory is referred to by the generic term ‘Phoenicianism’. For obvious reasons, from the perspective of the keepers of Arabist orthodoxy Phoenicianism is deemed problematic, because it rel- egates “Arabness” to a period – rather than an essence – of Lebanese history.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright Content – All Rights Reserved Registration Number 284666800
    Copyright Content – All Rights Reserved Registration Number 284666800 Front cover of the Book of Origins, Part II ORIGIN OF “SEMITIC” LANGUAGES REVISION 14B – 25 SEPTEMBER 2013 i ORIGIN OF “SEMITIC” LANGUAGES Original Research by: ADEL S. BISHTAWI AN AUTHORHOUSE PUBLICATION SEPTEMBER 2013 ii ORIGIN OF “SEMITIC” LANGUAGES An introductory original etymological investigation of the prehistoric an- cestral linguistic nuclei and monosyllables of “Semitic” languages, primar- ily based on Akkadian and Southern and Northern Arabic ADEL S. BISHTAWI iii TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF CHARTS AND PLATES vi LIST OF SYMBOLS vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii PUBLICATIONS ix ABSTRACT x PART 1 NATURAL LINGUSITICS 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Characteristics of “Semitic” Roots 4 1.3 Prehistoric Genius 7 1.4 Linguistic Structure: LN, LU, DN, NC, SE, PE, LC 11 1.5 Sources of “Semitic” Origins 13 1.6 Cases and Situations 14 1.7 Historical Considerations 16 1.8 Proto-“Semitic” 19 PART 2 BEYOND LINGUISTICS 21 2.1 Historical Development 21 2.2 Etymological Tracing of History 22 2.3 Indicative Primary Roots 26 2.4 Human Consciousness 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 ARABIC 28 ENGLISH 32 TABLES 35 CHARTS AND PLATES 41 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1 - Linguistic Clusters: Page 35 ✥ḥzzḥ ✥ḫzzḫ ✥znnz ✥zhhz Table 2 - Lingusitic Clusters: Page 36 ✥zmmz ✥knnk ✥bzzb ✥rṣṣr Table 3 - Linguistic Clusters: Page 38 ✥pggp → ✥bjjb ✥fjjf ✥fkkf ✥fqqf Table 4 - Linguistic Clusters: Page 39 ✥šʻʻš → ✥sʻʻs ✥šġ ġš ✥sġġs v LIST OF CHARTS AND PLATES 1- Linguistic Clusters ✥ʼḥḥʼ
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/145725 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-09 and may be subject to change. fßi The Emergence of Standard Maltese: The Arabic Factor Mathias Hubertus Prevaes Nijmegen 1993 The Emergence of Standard Maltese: The Arabic Factor een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Letteren Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in bet openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 13 januari 1994, des namiddags te 3.30 uur precies door Mathias Hubertus Prevaes geboren op 3 november 1956 te Heerlen Promotores: Prof. Dr. C.H.M. Versteegh Prof. Dr. Μ.Α. Woidich (Universiteit van Amsterdam) CIP-GEGEVENS KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, DEN HAAG Prevaes, Mathias Hubertus The emergence of standard Maltese: the Arabic factor / Mathias Hubertus Prevaes. - [S.l. : s.n.] Proefschrift Nijmegen. - Met lit. opg., reg. ISBN 90-9006729-9 Trefw.: Maltees ; geschiedenis / Maltees en Arabische taal. β M.H. Previe, 1993 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter One: Maltese and Arabic: A Relationship in Historical Perspective 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 The Study of the Origins of the Maltese Language 1 1.2 Maltese and the Arabic Dialects 4 1.3 Arabic Linguistics and Maltese Studies: Mutual Interests 8 Chapter Two: Malta: Its Arabization in Historical Context
    [Show full text]
  • The Damascus Psalm Fragment Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu The Damascus Psalm Fragment oi.uchicago.edu ********** Late Antique and Medieval Islamic Near East (LAMINE) The new Oriental Institute series LAMINE aims to publish a variety of scholarly works, including monographs, edited volumes, critical text editions, translations, studies of corpora of documents—in short, any work that offers a significant contribution to understanding the Near East between roughly 200 and 1000 CE ********** oi.uchicago.edu The Damascus Psalm Fragment Middle Arabic and the Legacy of Old Ḥigāzī by Ahmad Al-Jallad with a contribution by Ronny Vollandt 2020 LAMINE 2 LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC NEAR EAST • NUMBER 2 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO CHICAGO, ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2020937108 ISBN: 978-1-61491-052-7 © 2020 by the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2020. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC NEAR EAST • NUMBER 2 Series Editors Charissa Johnson and Steven Townshend with the assistance of Rebecca Cain Printed by M & G Graphics, Chicago, IL Cover design by Steven Townshend The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. ∞ oi.uchicago.edu For Victor “Suggs” Jallad my happy thought oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Table of Contents Preface............................................................................... ix Abbreviations......................................................................... xi List of Tables and Figures ............................................................... xiii Bibliography.......................................................................... xv Contributions 1. The History of Arabic through Its Texts .......................................... 1 Ahmad Al-Jallad 2.
    [Show full text]