DOCSLIB.ORG

In an Audiotape Distributed on the Anniversary of the September 11

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In an Audiotape Distributed on the Anniversary of the September 11 המרכז למורשת המודיעין (מל"מ) הממררככזז להמומירדשע ת להמומדוידעייעןי ןו ל(טמרלו"רמ ) מרכז המידע למודיעין ולטרור In an audiotape distributed on the anniversary of the September 11 attacks, Al-Qaeda leader Ayman Al-Zawahiri calls on Muslims to adhere to jihad against the United States on different fronts worldwide September 20, 2018 Right: Ayman Al-Zawahiri calls on the Muslim world to conduct unified fighting on the different fronts against the common enemy (the United States and its allies). Left: The background of the audiotape “How should we confront America?” (risala.ga, September 11, 2018) Background and main messages of the tape On September 11, 2018, the Al-Sahab Foundation, Al-Qaeda’s media arm, released a 30- minute audiotape commemorating the 17th anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The audiotape, entitled “How should we confront America?” describes the United States as the main enemy of Muslims all over the world and specifies the different fronts where the United States fights against the Muslims, allegedly from religious motives. The tape offers ways to fight against the United States and its allies on the different fronts as part of a unified Muslim strategy striving to wear down the United States and the West until they are defeated and repelled from the Islamic countries. In the ITIC's assessment, the audiotape was intended to encourage Al-Qaeda operatives around the world who are under heavy pressure from the United States and its allies. In addition, the audiotape was intended to nurture hostility against the United States. Al- Zawahiri portrays the United States as waging a comprehensive international campaign against the Muslims first and foremost from religious motives. He says that this campaign is being conducted on many local fronts (which he specifies in detail) in South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa (the Maghreb), the Sub-Saharan countries, and East Africa. The United States, as he claims, is responsible for any killing of Muslims in all fronts, both directly 18-232 2 2 and by other means (handling local regimes, recruiting collaborators, forming coalitions, and allegedly promoting the Iranian influence in the Middle East). The strategy proposed by Al-Zawahiri to the Al-Qaeda operatives on the different fronts is to adhere to jihad (holy war) and inflict heavy, continuous blows which will wear down the United States in terms of security, militarily and economically. According to Al- Zawahiri, if the jihadists adhere to this strategy, the United States will eventually be defeated and leave the countries of Islam, including Palestine and the Arabian Peninsula, as it left Vietnam, Somalia, Yemen and Iraq.1 Al-Zawahiri adds that in order for this strategy to work, it is necessary to reunite the jihadist camp and “establish a single united front.” This is said in view of the rift created in recent years among the jihadists following the rise of ISIS and the establishment of the Islamic State. Al-Zawahiri’s statement on the 17th anniversary of the September 11 attacks finds Al- Qaeda in distress. The organization is under heavy pressure on the part of the United States and its allies on the different fronts and it has difficulty responding effectively and repeating its achievements in September 11 and the terrorist attacks before that. This is because of a number of developments that weakened Al-Qaeda, including the more efficient international cooperation and the improvement of the counterterrorist and preventive measures of the United States and its allies. Al-Qaeda, in contrast, has not found a proper substitute for the eliminated Osama bin Laden, while his successor, Ayman al-Zawahiri, does not possess the charisma and capabilities of his predecessor. This is in addition to the loss of senior operatives in Al- Qaeda’s leadership, which weakened the organization’s operational and logistical capabilities and substantially crippled its conduct as a hierarchical organization controlling its operatives around the globe. Furthermore, the rise of ISIS and the establishment of the Islamic State posed an ideological and practical challenge to Al- Qaeda and involved it in internal struggles in the different fronts. However, in spite of its weakening position, Al-Qaeda is still a threat to the United States and its allies worldwide. The organization has been joined by new operatives on the different fronts. They were influenced by the Salafist-jihadi ideology, which continues to 1 A similar message also was also conveyed in an audiotape released by Al-Zawahiri on May 14, 2018, the day of the relocation of the US Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem. In that tape, Al-Zawahiri called on Muslims to carry out jihad against the United States and Western countries. He quoted Osama bin Laden, who vowed that the United States would not enjoy security “until we, Muslims, live in Palestine and all the infidel armies leave the Arabian Peninsula.” 18-232 3 3 attract young Muslims in spite of the jihadists’ failures to implement it on the ground. Today, Al-Qaeda has thousands of operatives worldwide who are more widely deployed than before September 11, 2001.2 These operatives continue to adhere to the Salafist-jihadi ideology and consider the United States and its allies (including Israel) a sworn enemy who should be fought relentlessly. In conclusion: In spite of the damage sustained by Al-Qaeda’s hierarchical structure, and in spite of the organization’s operational and logistical weakness, its operatives, spread around the globe, continue to pose a significant challenge to the United States and the West, as well as to local regimes in Arab and Muslim countries. Beyond the continuation of local fighting, every once in a while Al-Qaeda operatives try to increase international terrorism, so far without much success. However, the potential for large-scale resumption of the military and terrorist activity on the different fronts, and renewal of international terrorism, still exists. This requires the United States and the international community to carry on the overall campaign against Al-Qaeda without releasing the pressure exerted on the organization since September 11, 2001. Highlights of the audiotape Following are the main points made by Al-Zawahiri in the tape (risala.ga, September 11, 2018): At the beginning of his statement, Al-Zawahiri notes that it is the 17th anniversary of the “Crusader war” conducted by the United States against the Muslims. He claims that the hostility for the Muslims on the part of the US-led West has a religious basis, also taking various forms, including economic greed and aspiration for a political- strategic hegemony over various regions. As he claims, the US-led West uses propaganda to hide its religious motive against Islam, although most of the US residents are secular. This motive is the reason, according to Al-Zawahiri, for the US insisting on the relocation of its embassy to Jerusalem and its recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s eternal capital. Al-Zawahiri claims that the US hostility towards the Muslims finds its expression worldwide and that the United States is involved in action against the Muslims everywhere. He accuses the United States of preventing the Arab peoples that 2 See Thomas Joscelyn, “Al-Qaeda is very much alive, and widely misunderstood” (Long War Journal, September 11, 2018). 18-232 4 4 revolted against their leaders from enjoying the fruits of the Arab Spring; According to him, it is the United States which is responsible for turning the Arab Spring against those who generated it (in other words, Al-Zawahiri implies that it is the jihadists who are the generators of the Arab Spring who did not get to enjoy its achievements). He also accuses the United States of allowing the spread of Iranian influence in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, and Yemen. In order to illustrate and elaborate on his claims, Al-Zawahiri turns to Muslims around the world and presents to them examples of the US hostility towards Muslims worldwide: According to him, the United States is an accomplice to the killing of Muslims in Kashmir (India). He turns to jihad fighters in Kashmir, saying “We haven’t forgotten you and we shall not forget you.” He continues to Pakistan, noting that the United States funded and supervised the killing of Muslims there (i.e., as part of the fighting against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban). He goes on to Afghanistan, claiming that the United States has killed tens of thousands of Muslims in this country. Al-Zawahiri now precedes to the Middle East and North and East Africa: • In Iraq, according to his claim, the United States is guilty of destroying the country and delivering into the hands of the Shiites. Then he claims that the United States has supervised the splitting of Syria and allowed the Russian and Iranian invasion into it. In the Gulf area, he claims, the United States plunders the oil. The United States is also responsible for putting the corrupt family in charge (i.e., subjecting Saudi Arabia to the rule of the House of Saud), which fights against the Muslims and collaborates with Israel. • He goes on to Egypt, claiming that the United States supports a corrupt government heading this country, which collaborates with Israel. According to him, the United States is leading the plunder of Palestine (from the Palestinians). He notes that the relocation of the US Embassy to Jerusalem “represents the action of the greatest criminals in the world, led by the United States, who have placed an advanced force with mighty weapons, including nuclear weapons, in the heart of the Islamic world. This advanced force is called Israel.” • In Libya, according to Al-Zawahiri, the United States nurtures General Haftar, whom he calls a “butcher” (due to Haftar’s persecution of the Islamists in Libya).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Combating Islamic Extremist Terrorism 1
    CGT 1/22/07 11:30 AM Page 1 Combating Islamic Extremist Terrorism 1 OVERALL GRADE D+ Al-Qaeda headquarters C+ Al-Qaeda affiliated groups C– Al-Qaeda seeded groups D+ Al-Qaeda inspired groups D Sympathizers D– 1 CGT 1/22/07 11:30 AM Page 2 2 COMBATING ISLAMIC EXTREMIST TERRORISM ive years after the September 11 attacks, is the United States win- ning or losing the global “war on terror”? Depending on the prism through which one views the conflict or the metrics used Fto gauge success, the answers to the question are starkly different. The fact that the American homeland has not suffered another attack since 9/11 certainly amounts to a major achievement. U.S. military and security forces have dealt al-Qaeda a severe blow, cap- turing or killing roughly three-quarters of its pre-9/11 leadership and denying the terrorist group uncontested sanctuary in Afghanistan. The United States and its allies have also thwarted numerous terror- ist plots around the world—most recently a plan by British Muslims to simultaneously blow up as many as ten jetliners bound for major American cities. Now adjust the prism. To date, al-Qaeda’s top leaders have sur- vived the superpower’s most punishing blows, adding to the near- mythical status they enjoy among Islamic extremists. The terrorism they inspire has continued apace in a deadly cadence of attacks, from Bali and Istanbul to Madrid, London, and Mumbai. Even discount- ing the violence in Iraq and Afghanistan, the tempo of terrorist attacks—the coin of the realm in the jihadi enterprise—is actually greater today than before 9/11.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Terrorist Organizations
    Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba
    [Show full text]
  • In Re: Terrorist Attacks on September 11, 2001
    Case 1:03-md-01570-GBD-SN Document 3671 Filed 08/01/17 Page 1 of 33 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ____________________________________ ) IN RE: TERRORIST ATTACKS ON ) Civil Action No. 03 MDL 1570 (GBD) SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ) ECF Case ____________________________________ ) This document relates to: Ashton, et al. v. al Qaeda, et al., No. 02-cv-6977 Federal Insurance Co., et al. v. al Qaida, et al., No. 03-cv-6978 Thomas Burnett, Sr., et al. v. Al Baraka Inv. & Dev. Corp., et al., No. 03-cv-9849 Continental Casualty Co., et al. v. Al Qaeda, et al., No. 04-cv-5970 Cantor Fitzgerald Assocs., et al. v. Akida Inv. Co., et al. No. 04-cv-7065 Euro Brokers Inc., et al. v. Al Baraka Inv. & Dev. Corp., et al., No. 04-cv-7279 McCarthy, et al. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, No. 16-cv-8884 Aguilar, et al. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, et al., No. 16-cv-9663 Addesso, et al. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, et al., No. 16-cv-9937 Hodges, et al. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, et al., No. 17-cv-117 DeSimone v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, No. 17-cv-348 Aiken, et al v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, et al., No. 17-cv-450 The Underwriting Members of Lloyd’s Syndicate 53, et al. v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, et al., No. 17-cv-2129 The Charter Oak Fire Insurance Co., et al. v. Al Rajhi Bank, et al. No. 17-cv-02651 Abarca, et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 9/11 Report”), July 2, 2004, Pp
    Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page i THE 9/11 COMMISSION REPORT Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page v CONTENTS List of Illustrations and Tables ix Member List xi Staff List xiii–xiv Preface xv 1. “WE HAVE SOME PLANES” 1 1.1 Inside the Four Flights 1 1.2 Improvising a Homeland Defense 14 1.3 National Crisis Management 35 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE NEW TERRORISM 47 2.1 A Declaration of War 47 2.2 Bin Ladin’s Appeal in the Islamic World 48 2.3 The Rise of Bin Ladin and al Qaeda (1988–1992) 55 2.4 Building an Organization, Declaring War on the United States (1992–1996) 59 2.5 Al Qaeda’s Renewal in Afghanistan (1996–1998) 63 3. COUNTERTERRORISM EVOLVES 71 3.1 From the Old Terrorism to the New: The First World Trade Center Bombing 71 3.2 Adaptation—and Nonadaptation— ...in the Law Enforcement Community 73 3.3 . and in the Federal Aviation Administration 82 3.4 . and in the Intelligence Community 86 v Final FM.1pp 7/17/04 5:25 PM Page vi 3.5 . and in the State Department and the Defense Department 93 3.6 . and in the White House 98 3.7 . and in the Congress 102 4. RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA’S INITIAL ASSAULTS 108 4.1 Before the Bombings in Kenya and Tanzania 108 4.2 Crisis:August 1998 115 4.3 Diplomacy 121 4.4 Covert Action 126 4.5 Searching for Fresh Options 134 5.
    [Show full text]
  • 9-11 and Terrorist Travel- Full
    AND TERRORIST TRAVEL Staff Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States 9/11 AND TERRORIST TRAVEL Staff Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States By Thomas R. Eldridge Susan Ginsburg Walter T. Hempel II Janice L. Kephart Kelly Moore and Joanne M. Accolla, Staff Assistant Alice Falk, Editor Note from the Executive Director The Commission staff organized its work around specialized studies, or monographs, prepared by each of the teams. We used some of the evolving draft material for these studies in preparing the seventeen staff statements delivered in conjunction with the Commission’s 2004 public hearings. We used more of this material in preparing draft sections of the Commission’s final report. Some of the specialized staff work, while not appropriate for inclusion in the report, nonetheless offered substantial information or analysis that was not well represented in the Commission’s report. In a few cases this supplemental work could be prepared to a publishable standard, either in an unclassified or classified form, before the Commission expired. This study is on immigration, border security and terrorist travel issues. It was prepared principally by Thomas Eldridge, Susan Ginsburg, Walter T. Hempel II, Janice Kephart, and Kelly Moore, with assistance from Joanne Accolla, and editing assistance from Alice Falk. As in all staff studies, they often relied on work done by their colleagues. This is a study by Commission staff. While the Commissioners have been briefed on the work and have had the opportunity to review earlier drafts of some of this work, they have not approved this text and it does not necessarily reflect their views.
    [Show full text]
  • The Militant Pipeline Between the Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Region and the West
    New America Foundation National Security Studies Program Policy Paper The Militant Pipeline Between the Afghanistan-Pakistan Border Region and the West Paul Cruickshank Second Edition July 2011; First Edition February 2010 Of the 32 “serious” jihadist terrorist plots against the West between 2004 and 2011, 53 percent had operational or training links to established jihadist groups in Pakistan and just 6 percent to Yemen. A decade after 9/11, despite growing concerns over Yemen, entry to join the fighting in Afghanistan, the presence of al Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Qaeda, and its sustained ability to train recruits and swaths of the country’s northwest arguably remain al Qaeda persuade them to launch attacks in the West, continue to ’s main safe haven, and the area from which it can hatch its make the FATA what President Obama called in 2009 “the most dangerous plots against the West. 1 Al Qaeda’s most dangerous place in the world.” 4 presence in these areas has long threatened international security. It was in Peshawar in Pakistan’s northwest that al U.S. officials have recently suggested that when it comes to Qaeda was founded in 1988, and ever since Pakistan’s the U.S. homeland, al Qaeda’s affiliate in Yemen – al Qaeda border region with Afghanistan has been a gateway for in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) – could now pose a recruits joining the terrorist network and its affiliates, and greater threat than “al Qaeda Central” in the tribal areas of an area in which its senior figures have felt comfortable Pakistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Terrorist Recognition Handbook 3Rd Edition Ebook Free
    TERRORIST RECOGNITION HANDBOOK 3RD EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Malcolm W Nance | 9781466554603 | | | | | Terrorist Recognition Handbook 3rd edition PDF Book Click here to register. History Incidents. Any Condition Any Condition. Terrorist Recognition Handbook received two separate book reviews in the academic journal Perspectives on Terrorism. Appendix A: Global Terrorist Groups. One would hope that every TSA and Homeland Security manager and employee get a copy of this monumental reference. Nance is a year veteran of the U. Nance emphasizes the significant necessity of a coherent plan to stem American terrorists from exiting the country and then returning again from war-torn zones in order to commit criminal acts back in their home country. Homs —14 Homs offensive 1st Idlib Gov. Terrorist Recognition Handbook. Supplemental Data: Bibliography and Appendices. In the response to the September 11 attacks. Top charts. Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War. Download as PDF Printable version. Nance Desmond Wenger Sep Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Islamic terrorism in Europe. Islamism Jihadism Salafi jihadism Pan- Islamism. March incident February incident May Israel—Iran incidents. Art Paperback Books Revised Edition. International military intervention against ISIL. The New Fields of Terror. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list Articles lacking reliable references from September All articles lacking reliable references Pages using military navigation subgroups without wide style. Methods Tactics. Nance Desmond Wenger Sep He observes that where al-Qaeda had previously functioned as a set of terrorist entities, it shaped its operations to become more business-like, serving to disseminate information, motivate members, and provide economic funding for terrorist operations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Post-Madrid Face of Al Qaeda
    Rohan Gunaratna The Post-Madrid Face of Al Qaeda For two-and-a-half years after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States’ most iconic landmarks, Al Qaeda and its associated groups struck Western targets only in the global South, in places such as Bali, Casablanca, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey, Chechnya, and Tunisia. Despite the September 11 attacks and the continuing threat, Europe re- mained an active center for terrorist support activity—propaganda, recruit- ment, fundraising, and procurement. As support cells were enmeshed in the socioeconomic, cultural, and political fabric of migrant and diaspora Mus- lims, European law enforcement, security, and intelligence services targeted only the operational cells that appeared on their radar screen. It was consid- ered politically incorrect to revise the legislative framework to target several hundred terrorist support cells active on European soil. Some Europeans even believed that Al Qaeda had spared the continent because of its policy tolerating terrorist support infrastructure. Although successive attacks against Jewish and British targets in Istanbul in November 2003 demonstrated Al Qaeda’s intentions, capabilities, and opportunities for attack on the continent, European law enforcement, intel- ligence, and security services did not take the threat seriously. Although the Turkish case clearly demonstrated that terrorists planning to strike could survive undetected for years, there was neither a proper appreciation of the threat nor an appreciable effort to increase the quality of intelligence by penetrating the politicized and radicalized segments of Europe’s diaspora and migrant communities. Even the fact that three of the four September 11 suicide pilots were recruited from the heart of Europe did not generate the same sense of urgency in Europe that prevailed in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Pakistan's Internal Dynamics
    the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #55 | february 2016 mapping pakistan’s internal dynamics Implications for State Stability and Regional Security By Mumtaz Ahmad, Dipankar Banerjee, Aryaman Bhatnagar, C. Christine Fair, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Husain Haqqani, Mahin Karim, Tariq A. Karim, Vivek Katju, C. Raja Mohan, Matthew J. Nelson, and Jayadeva Ranade cover 2 NBR Board of Directors Charles W. Brady George Davidson Tom Robertson (Chairman) Vice Chairman, M&A, Asia-Pacific Vice President and Chairman Emeritus HSBC Holdings plc Deputy General Counsel Invesco LLC Microsoft Corporation Norman D. Dicks John V. Rindlaub Senior Policy Advisor Gordon Smith (Vice Chairman and Treasurer) Van Ness Feldman LLP Chief Operating Officer President, Asia Pacific Exact Staff, Inc. Wells Fargo Richard J. Ellings President Scott Stoll George F. Russell Jr. NBR Partner (Chairman Emeritus) Ernst & Young LLP Chairman Emeritus R. Michael Gadbaw Russell Investments Distinguished Visiting Fellow David K.Y. Tang Institute of International Economic Law, Managing Partner, Asia Karan Bhatia Georgetown University Law Center K&L Gates LLP Vice President & Senior Counsel International Law & Policy Ryo Kubota Tadataka Yamada General Electric Chairman, President, and CEO Venture Partner Acucela Inc. Frazier Healthcare Dennis Blair Chairman Melody Meyer President Sasakawa Peace Foundation USA Honorary Directors U.S. Navy (Ret.) Chevron Asia Pacific Exploration and Production Company Maria Livanos Cattaui Chevron Corporation Lawrence W. Clarkson Secretary General (Ret.) Senior Vice President International Chamber of Commerce Pamela S. Passman The Boeing Company (Ret.) President and CEO William M. Colton Center for Responsible Enterprise Thomas E. Fisher Vice President and Trade (CREATe) Senior Vice President Corporate Strategic Planning Unocal Corporation (Ret.) Exxon Mobil Corporation C.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping Pakistan's Internal Dynamics
    nbr special report #55 | february 2016 mapping pakistan’s internal dynamics Implications for State Stability and Regional Security By Mumtaz Ahmad, Dipankar Banerjee, Aryaman Bhatnagar, C. Christine Fair, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Husain Haqqani, Mahin Karim, Tariq A. Karim, Vivek Katju, C. Raja Mohan, Matthew J. Nelson, and Jayadeva Ranade Essay Pakistan and the Threat of Global Jihadism: Implications for Regional Security Husain Haqqani restrictions on use: This PDF is provided for the use of authorized recipients only. For specific terms of use, please contact <[email protected]>. © 2016 The National Bureau of Asian Research the national bureau of asian research nbr special report #55 | february 2016 Pakistan and the Threat of Global Jihadism: Implications for Regional Security Husain Haqqani HUSAIN HAQQANI is Director for South and Central Asia at the Hudson Institute. He can be reached at <[email protected]>. 141 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This essay traces the creation of Pakistan’s Islamic identity and examines its influence on the country’s foreign and security policy, especially through the use of Islamist groups as key levers. MAIN ARGUMENT The first section of this essay analyzes how Pakistan is connected to global jihadism through its ideology. Pakistan’s national narrative and identity have been built around Islam. The country’s need to explain its foundational idea as “a laboratory of Islam” for South Asia’s Muslims has led it to incorporate religion into its foreign and domestic policies. The second section then considers implications for countries in the region, especially Afghanistan, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Finally, the essay concludes by discussing the challenges facing Pakistan and offers policy prescriptions for both Pakistan and other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark Attacking the Leader, Jenna Jordan Missing the Mark Why Terrorist Groups Survive Decapitation Strikes
    Attacking the Leader, Missing the Mark Attacking the Leader, Jenna Jordan Missing the Mark Why Terrorist Groups Survive Decapitation Strikes Does leadership de- capitation lead to the demise of terrorist organizations? Can the United States undermine or destroy terrorist organizations such as al-Qaida by arresting or killing their leaders? What explains organizational resilience to leadership tar- geting? Leadership decapitation, or the killing or capturing of the leaders of terrorist organizations, has become a core feature of U.S. counterterrorism policy. Many scholars and analysts claim that it weakens terrorist organiza- tions and reduces the threat they pose. Unsurprisingly, they saw the killing of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011, in Abbottabad, Pakistan, as a major tactical victory for President Barack Obama and for the broader war on terrorism. De- spite the success of this operation and subsequent attacks on al-Qaida leaders, decapitation is unlikely to diminish the ability of al-Qaida to continue its activ- ities in the long run. Rather, it may have counterproductive consequences, em- boldening or strengthening the organization. Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States has killed or captured many al-Qaida leaders as part of a general campaign to de- capitate the organization. It has employed a variety of military operations to achieve this objective, including raids by Special Operations forces. Both bin Laden and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, leader of al-Qaida in Iraq, were killed as a result of such raids. On October 5, 2012, U.S. forces captured Abu Anas al-Libi, an al-Qaida leader, in a raid in Libya.
    [Show full text]
  • Insurance and September 11 One Year After
    Insurance and September 11 One Year After Insurance and September 11 One Year After Impact, Lessons and Unresolved Issues Edited by Patrick M. Liedtke and Christophe Courbage International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics "The Geneva Association" Route de Malagnou 53 Tel. +41-22-707 66 00 CH-1208 Geneva Fax. +41-22-736 75 36 http://www.genevaassociation.org E-mail:[email protected] Copyright © 2002 The International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics ISBN 2-9700339-1-7 First published August 2002 The Geneva Association Route de Malagnou 53, CH-1208 Geneva Second edition Printed and cover graphics by PWS Route des Jeunes 33, CH-1227 Carouge All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. British Library Cataloging in Publication Data Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Insurance and September 11 - One Year After / edited by Patrick M.
    [Show full text]