The Privilege of Peter

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Privilege of Peter 0 THE PRI VI LE GE OE PE TE R AND THE CLAIMS OF THE ROMAN CHURCH CON RONTED ITH THE S RI TURES THE COUNCILS AND F W C P , , T E V HE TESTIMONY O F THE POPES THEMS L ES. éxfgcéa I M . ROBERT C NK NS A. E , , Rect r H n Eamon of Canterbur Auth r f h o of L min e and o . o o t e y g , y, n m f ardi l ulian Life a d Ti es o C na J . I er o tu et tibi usur are aude aut dominans A stolat m ant g , p po u , mina tu m Pl n b lterut r hib a ost olicus d . a a o r er S m , p o e a p o is. i u tru que ”— simul habere voles erde utrum ue. S BERNARD! d onsid a , p s q . ( c C er t i on e A D E U E NIUM PA AM 1 ii . c. 6 ) , G P , . Stupor circumda t me super obstinatione Scholasticorum et adula t orum Curiae Romanae contradicentium omnib a i e . us nt quis historia ' ' E cclesiasticae Scri t ribus — EM N I RI p o . U D CHERI I , Wndzczce Doct r i ne M a or u m S ckolce P a r is 1 iv 2 j , . p . 3 5. HENRY S KING . Co . , 6 CORNHILL 1 2 ATE RNOSTER Row L N 5, ; , P , O DON. TO THE VENERABLE M A. O HN S I NC L A I R . J , , R F KEN A RCHDEACON O F MIDDLESEX, VICA O SINGTON. I N GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE F I I R T TH RTY Y ARS OF A R ENDSH P OF MO E HAN I E . N T E N T C O S . PART I . THE CLAIM TESTED BY THE LAW OF PRIVILEGE PART II . THE PRIVILEGIUM PETRI IN THE LIGHT OF THE F I RST SIx GENERAL COUNCILS AND O F THE — W ESTERN COUNCILS ( 1 409 1 562) PART II I . THE RIVI LEGIUM ETRI AND IT RE LT R P P S SU S, AS E GARDED BY THE POPES THEMSELVES CONCLUSION APPENDIX PREFACE. T HE obj ect of t he following pa ges is t o present t o t he ea e in a s r ef a fo m as oss e a sum r d r, b i r p ibl , o f t he a r um en s e a a nd oc na on w c g t , l g l d tri l, hi h n an from t he ver firs da o f her ex s ence E g l d, y t y i t a s a na on h as res e her o o s on t o t he c a ms ti , t d pp iti l i o f t he Pa ac a r s n out o f t he so- ca e Pr v p y, i i g ll d i i ” e e o f Pe e ese m e in e r e r e l g t r. Th , li it d th i a li r a sser on have now own s o ex o an a nd ti , gr rbit t, even sca n a ous in e c a ra c er as t o c a n e d l , th ir h t , h g t he com ex on o f the o er con rovers a nd t o pl i ld t y, need a treatm ent different in it s na tu re from those which were so successfully a pplied t o it in a nother a e The oc n f nf w en indi g . d tri e o I allibility as th g — n antly disavowed t he subordination of t he Pope t o a Council was (at lea st out of Italy) a dmitted a m s un r B ut n he fin f t he l o t ive sally. ow t de ition o ‘ a ca n Council a nd t he ex ra or na r ommen V ti , t di y c ar es o n of c s o a nn n an o ers t i it Ar hbi h p M i g d th , p resent so wild a developm ent of t he so - ca lled Pr v e e a ‘ t he a um en fro m a n u i il g , th t rg t tiq ity assumes a new m o a n e a nd t he o n ons o f t he i p rt c , pi i Popes themselves on t he cla ims which have been a vance for em eco m e for t he fi rs im e n er d d th b , t t , i t es n a nd even m or an e emen s of t he con ro ti g, i p t t, l t t r h res n e s is e acco n ve sy. T e p e t tr ati e divid d rdi gly n o ree o ons of w c t he firs con a ns a n i t th p rti , hi h t t i ex a mination of t he natu re o f privilege in it s lega l and oc r na as ec s a nd emons ra es t he f u d t i l p t , d t t tility of the scriptura l a rgu ments upon which the claim is foun e The secon a has a s it s o ec t o d d . d p rt bj t prove that t he cla im itself w as never a dmitted by t he Church d uring t he o nly period in which it wa s e t s ea w erfec free om a nd w u m abl o p k ith p t d , ith divided a utho rity ; a nd tha t t he irreform a bility asse e for t he See of om e wa s neve so m uc rt d R , r h as ma ne in a e da The c os n or i gi d th t b tter y . l i g p tion of t he trea tise relates rather t o t he new I nfa lli bilit c a m a n t o ose out o f w ha s ro wn y l i , th th hich it g u a nd is es ne t o S ow how a so u e t he p, d ig d h b l t ly Popes of almost every ag e have repudiated t he fa tal f P I as s ex o e f om t he g i t which ius X. h o rashly t rt d r e u of his fo o e s in t he n ne een en u r cr d lity ll wr i t th c t y. on t he Pe ne c a m even in it s ea er and ess Up tri l i , rli l a van e s a es t he n s C u c and eo e d c d t g , E gli h h r h p pl , from t he times of Edward t he Confesso r until those of rc s o a r am ave e a nd u but A hbi h p W h , h h ld ta ght one c ea em a c and cons s en oc ne ere l r, ph ti , i t t d tri . H , at eas the efo ma on was n su en e e on l t, R r ti o dd r b lli — no brea king away from the ancient faith and ac ce u s f n an e una n pr ti . The J dge o E gl d rul d i m ously (in the ca se of Cawdry) tha t t he rest ora tion o f the suprema cy t o t he Crown (in t he fi rst ear of z a e as not a new law but s m y Eli b th) w , i ply t he e a a on of he an en l w of n an d cl r ti t ci t a E gl d . c f ou not the firs was t he m es t o Wi li , th gh t, ighti t ex press t he great truth which the m as ses of the people of England have held alm ost from t he e nn n a as was ex n a t he er b gi i g, th t it pedie t th t p sona l presence of Christ should be removed f rom us canno be ne essa he e sona re , it t c ry that t p r l p sen e of a Po e c a m n t o re esen r s s o u c p , l i i g pr t Ch i t, h ld ” be ef us ns ear l t with i tead .
Recommended publications
  • Catholic Diocese of Dallas
    TRIBUNAL 3725 Blackburn Street Diocese of Dallas PO Box 190507 Dallas Texas 75219 (214) 379-2840 [email protected] PETRINE PRIVILEGE QUESTIONNAIRE – Petitioner FAVOR OF THE FAITH (one party baptized) (as of August 28, 2014) Petitioner: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ (Priest or deacon verifies identity if Petitioner unknown to him) In the answers you provide, please indicate whether the source of your information is firsthand or from someone other than yourself. If the source is not firsthand, indicate from whom, when and under what circumstances you obtained this information. Please know that any reference to child or elder abuse required by law to be reported may have to be reported by this Tribunal. 1. Do you solemnly affirm that you will tell the truth to the best of your ability? 2. a. What religion did you profess at the time of your marriage with your former spouse? b. What religion did your former spouse profess? 3. a. What religion do you profess at the present time? b. What religion does your former spouse now profess? 4. Do you believe that baptism is necessary for salvation? 5. a. Have you ever been baptized, christened, or sprinkled in any religion? If so, when? Where? In what religion? b. Was this the only time that you were baptized, christened, or sprinkled in any religion? Favor of the Faith Questionnaire Page 2 6. a. Has your former spouse ever been baptized, christened, or sprinkled in any religion? If so, when? Where? In what religion? b. What is the source of your information concerning the baptism of this party? 7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Precepts of the Church : the God-Given Laws
    the PRECEPTS Of the CHURCH . the GOD- GIVEN laws Why the Knights of Columbus Advertise Catholic Faith The reason is simple. We Catho- Despite the plainly stated will lics want our non-Catholic friends of the Good Shepherd that there and neighbors to know us as we be "one fold and one shepherd,” really are and not as we are some the differences in the understand- times mistakenly represented. ing of Christ’s teaching are plainly evident. It has rightfully We are confident that when been called "the scandal of a our religious Faith is better un- divided Christianity.” derstood by those who do not If there is anything which will share it, mutual understanding gather together the scattered will promote the good-will which flock of Christ, it is the nation- is so necessary in a predominant- wide understanding of the ly Christian country whose gov- Savior, what He did and how He ernment is designed to serve all intended mankind to benefit by the people— no matter how much the Redemption. their religious convictions may To this end, we wish our differ. fellow-Americans to become ac- American Catholics are con- quainted with the teachings of vinced that as the teachings of Christ as the Catholic Church Christ widely and firmly take has faithfully presented them, hold of the hearts and conduct since the day the apostles in- of our people, we shall remain vaded the nations of the world free in the sense that Christ in willing and courageous obedi- promised (John VIII, 31-38), ence to Christ’s command: "Go, and in the manner planned by therefore, and make disciples of .” the Founding Fathers of this all nations .
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of “Sister Churches” in Catholic-Orthodox Relations Since
    THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA The Concept of “Sister Churches” In Catholic-Orthodox Relations since Vatican II A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology and Religious Studies Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy © Copyright All Rights Reserved By Will T. Cohen Washington, D.C. 2010 The Concept of “Sister Churches” In Catholic-Orthodox Relations since Vatican II Will T. Cohen, Ph.D. Director: Paul McPartlan, D.Phil. Closely associated with Catholic-Orthodox rapprochement in the latter half of the 20 th century was the emergence of the expression “sister churches” used in various ways across the confessional division. Patriarch Athenagoras first employed it in this context in a letter in 1962 to Cardinal Bea of the Vatican Secretariat for the Promotion of Christian Unity, and soon it had become standard currency in the bilateral dialogue. Yet today the expression is rarely invoked by Catholic or Orthodox officials in their ecclesial communications. As the Polish Catholic theologian Waclaw Hryniewicz was led to say in 2002, “This term…has now fallen into disgrace.” This dissertation traces the rise and fall of the expression “sister churches” in modern Catholic-Orthodox relations and argues for its rehabilitation as a means by which both Catholic West and Orthodox East may avoid certain ecclesiological imbalances toward which each respectively tends in its separation from the other. Catholics who oppose saying that the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church are sisters, or that the church of Rome is one among several patriarchal sister churches, generally fear that if either of those things were true, the unicity of the Church would be compromised and the Roman primacy rendered ineffective.
    [Show full text]
  • DIOCESE of DALLAS Types of Marriage Cases
    DIOCESE OF DALLAS Types of Marriage Cases Types of Marriage Cases Page 1 September 2015 TRIBUNAL 3725 Blackburn Street PO Box 190507 Diocese of Dallas Dallas Texas 75219 (214) 379-2840 [email protected] Types of Marriage Cases (Revised September 29, 2015) Formal (Solemn) Case, utilizing either the Briefer Process or the Ordinary Process Two Catholics married under the auspices of the Catholic Church. A Catholic and a non-Catholic married under the auspices of the Catholic Church. Two non-Catholics married legally (before a civil official or a licensed church officiant) and both free to marry (i.e., neither married before). Absence of Canonical Form Case Two people, at least one of whom is Catholic, not married under the auspices of the Catholic Church. Ligamen (by Documentary Process) Case The Petitioner marries a Respondent who already has been presumably validly married. Therefore, the Respondent is bound by the previous marriage and is not free to marry the Petitioner. Other Documentary Cases Cases other than Ligamen such as those involving an undispensed impediment of disparity of worship when a baptized Catholic marries a non-baptized person, or Defect of Form, when a clergy officiates without appropriate delegation to do so. Pauline Privilege Both parties never baptized before or during the marriage. The Petitioner receives/desires to receive Christian baptism after the couple ceases to live together as husband and wife. The Petitioner wants to marry in the Catholic Church. The other party (the Respondent) has not, to this date, received Christian baptism and is not expressing an intention to do so.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaminsky, Howard/ Simon De Cramaud, De Substraccione
    Medieval Academy Books No. 92 Simon de Cramaud DE SUBSTRACCIONE OBEDIENCIE Simon de Cramaud DE SUBSTRACCIONE OBEDIENCIE Edited by Howard Kaminsky THE MEDIEVAL ACADEMY OF AMERICA Cambridge, Massachusetts 1984 Contents Preface vii Abbreviations ix Introduction 1 § 1. The Political Context 1 § 2. Simon de Cramaud 26 § 3. The Argument of the Treatise 44 § 4. The Present Edition 55 Outline of the Text 68 Text 69 Annotations 165 Appendices I. The Marginalia in A 215 II. The Marginalia in C 222 III. The Marginalia in F 228 IV. Simon de Cramaud: Pro via cessionis 230 V. The Works of Simon de Cramaud 233 Indices to the Text I. Alphabetical List of Canons 239 II. Numerical List of Canons 244 III. Alphabetical List of Roman Laws 248 IV. Proper Names 250 Preface The belief that Simon de Cramaud was a key figure in the story of how the Great Schism in the Western church came to be ended imposed itself upon me rather slowly, about fifteen years ago, when I was looking through the Libti de Schismate of the Vatican Ar- chives for a quite different reason. Frequent references to "the Pa- triarch" suggested his leading role in Paris, and a cursory reading of his major treatise led first to grateful appreciation of its clarity and vigor, then to gradual realization of its importance. Others had no doubt read it before but I had the advantage of coming to it by way of Brian Tierney's Foundations of the Condliar Theory, so that I could not only recognize the nature of the treatise as an essay in corporatist ecclesiology, but also appreciate how it gave the French union program a depth and inner consistency that had not always been perceived.
    [Show full text]
  • Divorce and Remarriage in the Early Church: Some Reflections on Historical Methodology
    Retrieving the Tradition DIVORCE AND REMARRIAGE IN THE EARLY CHURCH: SOME REFLECTIONS ON HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY H ENRI CROUZEL “[T]oo great a desire to adapt himself to the needs of his time would endanger the authenticity of the historian’s work and by that very fact would deprive it of the interest it could have for his contemporaries.” Following Bishop Zoghby’s intervention at the Second Vatican Council, numerous books and articles have been published in an attempt to call into question the Catholic Church’s discipline regarding divorce and remarriage. A number of their authors have sought support in the remaining testimonies of the early Church, and interpret the texts in this sense. Often, these authors are theologians or canonists who do not specialize in the first Christian centuries and have little familiarity with the demands of the historical method. Since they desire to influence the pub- lic, they are little disposed to enter into discussions that will only make their book longer and discourage readers: so, like oracles, they determine the meaning of each passage without dedicat- Communio 41 (Summer 2014). © 2014 by Communio: International Catholic Review DIVORCE AND REMARRIAGE IN THE EARLY CHURCH 473 ing themselves to the necessary research. The result is also un- satisfying for the historian, who can only deplore the influence that such attempts have on the wider public, deluding it with false hopes. If any historian decides to publish a clarification, he can hardly hope that it will come to the public’s attention, first because the public will not be happy with his explanations, but above all because his clarifications will not be read; they require too much effort for the average reader and even for the authors in question, who pay them next to no mind.
    [Show full text]
  • Declarations of Nullity Pauline Privilege
    Declarations of Nullity Start with the presumption that ALL civil and religious marriages are valid. Three things can make a marriage invalid or non-binding: 1. Lack of Canonical Form – Applies only if the marriage involved one or two Catholics, but took place outside of the Catholic Church with no dispensation from canonical form. Proven through documents and a witness affidavit. (Tab 6) (In a situation where the marriage took place in the Catholic Church but the priest or deacon lacked valid delegation or where two additional witnesses were not present, contact the Office of Canonical Affairs.) 2. Defect of Consent – A “formal case” or “annulment.” Proven by the ordinary judicial process through the declarations of the parties and the testimony of witnesses. (Tab 7) 3. Impediments (e.g., prior bond of marriage) – A documentary process is required to prove that an impediment to a marriage existed and was not dispensed. See pp. 19-21 of the marriage norms for full list of impediments. For a copy of the form that is used, please contact the Office for Canonical Affairs. Pauline Privilege St. Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians (7:12-15) establishes the principle that the Church calls the Pauline privilege. In such a case, a natural marital bond between two unbaptized persons is dissolved by the fact that one of the parties receives baptism and enters a new marriage. (Tab 8) The Pauline privilege is distinct from a declaration of nullity. Pauline privilege is a privilege of the faith that dissolves a valid natural marriage, while a declaration of nullity, if issued, states that a marriage was invalid from the beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indissolubility of Marriage: Reasons to Reconsider
    Theological Studies 65 (2004) THE INDISSOLUBILITY OF MARRIAGE: REASONS TO RECONSIDER KENNETH R. HIMES, O.F.M., AND JAMES A. CORIDEN [The present teaching of the Catholic Church on the doctrine of indissolubility of marriage has a complex history. It is based upon scriptural, sacramental, ethical, and canonical materials. Here the authors examine two questions: (a) is the teaching capable of change, and (b) is the evidence from the tradition adequate to sup- port the present teaching? They conclude that indissolubility of a ratum et consummatum marriage is a doctrinal teaching open to revision by the magisterium, and that existing arguments are not sufficient to reject all proposals for alteration of the teaching.] ARITAL BREAKDOWN is a common experience in our culture but no M less a tragedy for its frequency. The Catholic community by its teaching, preaching, and pastoral practice attempts to walk a fine line upholding the dignity and permanence of marriage while expressing un- derstanding for, and care of, those who experience the pain of divorce. Through its teaching that marriage is one of the privileged sacramental events in the lives of people, the Church underlines the depth of meaning that human love incarnates and the significance of committed love between a man and woman. The variety of marriage preparation materials and programs sponsored by the Church demonstrates the care that the Chris- tian community extends to couples as they make ready not just for their wedding day but the lifelong marriage to follow. KENNETH R. HIMES, O.F.M., received his Ph.D. in religion and public policy from Duke University (1981).
    [Show full text]
  • Prajak Boonphao Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Canon Law, Saint
    CANONICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN PASTORAL CARE OF PERSONS IN MARRIAGES BETWEEN ROMAN CATHOLICS AND BUDDHISTS IN THAILAND Prajak Boonphao Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Canon Law, Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Canada, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Canon Law Faculty of Canon Law Saint Paul University, Ottawa © Prajak Boonphao, Ottawa, Canada, 2020 ii ABSTRACT Marriage is an institution based on natural law. Every person has the natural right to marriage which is, however, affected by cultural and social conditions. The pastors of the Church, therefore, have to make every effort to understand the particularity of situations within which marriage and family are lived today and respond accordingly through their pastoral action. Thailand is considered a Buddhist country due to the fact that the vast majority of its population is Buddhist. Most marriages celebrated in the Catholic Church are non- sacramental because a Buddhist is the spouse of the Catholic party. Canon 1086 of the 1983 Code states that due to the impediment of disparity of worship, a marriage between a person who was baptized in the Catholic Church or received into it and a non-baptized person is invalid. A dispensation from this impediment must be granted by the competent authority in order for the union to be valid. The conditions stated in cc. 1125–1126 must be taken into account for a dispensation to be granted. The thesis identifies the actual pastoral problems faced by persons in marriages with the disparity of worship and canonical questions faced by Church authorities; it also proposes canonical-pastoral responses to such cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Privilege of Faith Petition
    TRIBUNAL OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH POSTAL ADDRESS Form Valid From:- ADELAIDE TRIBUNAL OFFICE GPO BOX 1364 February, 2006 ADELAIDE SA 5001 Form valid from:- st OFFICE1 USE January, ONLY 2001 DATE: _____________________ PROT NO: ____________________________ PARISH: ___________________________________________________________ REFERRING PERSON: ______________________________________________ PETITION for a PRIVILEGE OF THE FAITH (one party non baptised) - or - a PAULINE PRIVILEGE CASE (both parties non-baptised) PETITIONER RESPONDENT 1. Present Full Name: 1. Present Full Name: 2. Maiden Name (if woman): 2. Maiden Name (if woman): 3. Present Address: 3. Present Address: Post Code: Post Code: 4. Telephone/Mobile Number: 4. Telephone/Mobile Number: 5. Religion: 5. Religion: 6. Date/Place of Birth: 6. Date/Place of Birth: 7. Occupation: 7. Occupation: 8. Number of Marriages (1st, etc) 8. Number of Marriages (1st, etc) 9. Ever baptised at any time before or during the 9. Ever baptised at any time before or during the marriage? _______ marriage? _______ If so, date, place, denomination, address of If so, date, place, denomination, address of Church? Church? 10. Has there ever been any change in baptismal status 10. Has there ever been any change in baptismal since the separation? If so, date, place, status since the separation? If so, date, place, denomination, address of Church? denomination, address of Church? 11. Name, present address of Father: 11. Name, present address of Father: 12. Maiden Name of Mother: 12. Maiden Name of Mother: 13. Name, present address of Mother: 13. Name, present address of Mother: 14. Names, addresses and approx. ages of brothers and 14. Names, addresses and approx. ages of brothers sisters: and sisters: _________________________________________ _______________________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________ 15.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies
    An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies An Introductory Dictionary of Theology and Religious Studies Edited by Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press. Cover design by David Manahan, o.s.b. Cover symbol by Frank Kacmarcik, obl.s.b. © 2007 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, P.O. Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies / edited by Orlando O. Espín and James B. Nickoloff. p. cm. “A Michael Glazier book.” ISBN-13: 978-0-8146-5856-7 (alk. paper) 1. Religion—Dictionaries. 2. Religions—Dictionaries. I. Espín, Orlando O. II. Nickoloff, James B. BL31.I68 2007 200.3—dc22 2007030890 We dedicate this dictionary to Ricardo and Robert, for their constant support over many years. Contents List of Entries ix Introduction and Acknowledgments xxxi Entries 1 Contributors 1519 vii List of Entries AARON “AD LIMINA” VISITS ALBIGENSIANS ABBA ADONAI ALBRIGHT, WILLIAM FOXWELL ABBASIDS ADOPTIONISM
    [Show full text]
  • What About Marriage Issues? Marriages, Annulments and Convalidations
    RCIA Archdiocese of New York What about Marriage Issues? Marriages, Annulments and Convalidations Collaboration is Important Pastors and catechumenate directors or coordinators should work closely together to assure that the marriage situations arising in the catechumenate are addressed in a pastorally sensitive and expeditious manner. Pastors should inform catechumenate directors or coordinators of the progress of annulment cases, and consult them concerning the needs and progress of those going through the process of initiation. Catechumenate directors should see to it that the need for a Church annulment is identified, and the process of seeking it begun, before the Rite of Acceptance and the Rite of Welcome is celebrated. In planning for the marriage of catechumens or the convalidation of marriages for those who are in the catechumenate, the catechumenate director's advice and cooperation should be sought by the parish priests and deacons, so that the formation process can be integrated with these important events. Marriage 1. Rules Concerning the Marriage of Catechumens Once a person has become a catechumen (the result of celebrating the Rite of Acceptance into the Order of Catechumens), that person is a member of the household of faith and has certain rights in the Church. Among them is the right to be married according to the Catholic Rite of Marriage. When a catechumen is married, the language of the rite is adapted to reflect the fact that the catechumen is unbaptized. The marriage should take place outside Mass, following the order described in Chapter III of the Rite of Marriage. When a catechumen marries an unbaptized person, no dispensation is needed.
    [Show full text]