United Nations A/RES/57/ioe
General Assembly
Fifty-seventh session Agenda item 98
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly
[without reference to a Main Committee (A/57/L.8 and Add. I)]
57/106. Follow-up to the International Year of Volunteers
The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 40/212 of 17 December 1985, in which it invited Governments to observe annually, on 5 December, an International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development, Recalling also its resolution 52/17 of 20 November 1997, in which it proclaimed the year 2001 as the International Year of Volunteers, and its resolution 55/57 of 4 December 2000 on the observance of the International Year of Volunteers, Recalling further and reaffirming its resolution 56/38 of 5 December 2001, which lays down recommendations for ways in which Governments and the United Nations system could support volunteering, Recognizing the valuable contribution of volunteering, including traditional forms of mutual aid and self-help, formal service delivery and other forms of civic participation, to economic and social development, benefiting society at large, communities and the individual volunteer, Recognizing also that volunteerism is an important component of any strategy aimed at, inter alia, such areas as poverty reduction, sustainable development, health, disaster prevention and management and social integration and, in particular, overcoming social exclusion and discrimination, Recognizing further that volunteering, particularly at the community level, will help to achieve the development goals and objectives set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration1 and at other major United Nations conferences, summits, special sessions and their follow-up meetings, Noting with appreciation the efforts to increase awareness of volunteerism through global information sharing and education, including efforts to develop an effective network for volunteers through, inter alia, the International Year of Volunteers web site2 and linked national sites,
' See resolution 55/2. 2 www.iyv2001.org.
02 54486 A/RES/57/106
Acknowledging the existing contribution of the organizations of the United Nations system to supporting volunteering, including the work of United Nations Volunteers around the world, Bearing in mind the need for an integrated and coordinated follow-up to the International Year of Volunteers to be pursued in the relevant parts of the United Nations system, 1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on the outcome of and follow-up to the International Year of Volunteers, 2001 ;3 2. Welcomes also the successful observance of the International Year of Volunteers, 2001, with the support of one hundred and twenty-three national International Year of Volunteers committees and the many regional and city International Year of Volunteers committees with broad representation from Governments, international organizations, civil society, including non-governmental organizations, as well as the private sector, recognizes the contribution of States and civil society organizations and alliances at the international, regional, national and local levels to such a success, and encourages this network to be maintained and expanded, as appropriate, with a view to further engaging all stakeholders, undertaking volunteer-related research, disseminating information and experiences, providing preparation and training to volunteers, particularly from developing countries, and forging new partnerships at all levels; 3. Welcomes further the various developments of policies and the enactment of legislations for the growth and development of volunteerism taken up as a result of the international year, and recommends that Governments continue to acknowledge the valuable role of volunteers and further support voluntary activities, including through appropriate policies and enabling legislation; 4. Calls upon Governments and the United Nations system to implement further the recommendations contained in the annex to its resolution 56/38, bearing in mind the economic significance of volunteering; 5. Calls upon Governments, with the active support of the media, civil society and the private sector, to observe 5 December, International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development, and to include activities focused on following up on the achievements of the International Year of Volunteers in its public awareness-raising campaigns; 6. Reaffirms the need to recognize and promote all forms of volunteerism as an issue that involves and benefits all segments of society, including children, young persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, minorities and immigrants and those who remain excluded for social or economic reasons; 7. Invites all stakeholders, especially from the private sector community and from private foundations, to support volunteerism as a strategic tool to enhance economic and social development, including by expanding corporate volunteering; 8. Welcomes the work of the United Nations Volunteers, as the focal point for the International Year of Volunteers, as well as their role in the preparations and implementation of the Year, and requests them to continue their efforts, together with other stakeholders, to raise awareness of volunteerism, increase reference and
3 A/57/352. A/RES/57/106 networking resources available and provide technical cooperation to developing countries, upon their request, in the field of volunteerism; 9. Invites the United Nations Volunteers to develop a global Internet volunteer resource based on the International Year of Volunteers web site2 and on national web sites with a view to enhancing network capabilities and to expanding information, knowledge and resource management, and encourages Governments and all stakeholders, in particular the private sector, to contribute on a voluntary basis to this initiative; 10. Calls for the relevant organizations and bodies of the United Nations system to integrate volunteerism in its various forms into their policies, programmes and reports, and encourages the recognition and inclusion of volunteer contributions in future United Nations and other relevant international conferences, such as the World Summit on the Information Society; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to factor such contributions made by volunteers in his reports on the implementation of the Millennium Declaration1 and of other major United Nations conferences, summits, special sessions and their follow-up meetings; 12. Also requests the Secretary-General to take measures, in particular within the mandates and the existing resources of the United Nations Volunteers and the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, to ensure that the potential of the International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development in follow-up to the International Year of Volunteers is fully realized; 13. Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its sixtieth session on the implementation of the present resolution under the item entitled "Social development, including questions relating to the world social situation and to youth, ageing, disabled persons and the family".
61st plenary meeting 26 November 2002 Note to Mr. Halbwachs
Trust Fund for Human Security
The UNDCP project proposal "Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan State" is approved.
By copy of this note, UNDCP is being advised that every effort must, be made for international posts to be staffed by qualified experts from developing countries. Thank you.
Iqbal Riza 14 March 2003
cc: Mr. Me Clean
MAR I 82003 D i e n o w i? ffi MAR 1 32003 1
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL Note to Mr. Riza
Trust Fund for Human Security
I have reviewed the attached UNDCP projectproposal, entitled "Drug Control ,iW,r.-^JurfM^.:!i^TO2BSWJ-.«W*^^ __ «•"!•.>?-. and Development in the Wa"Regio n of the Shan State" of the Union of Myanmar. This project, req]^n^,U^]>JJi^|5^over f 8'montns, is in line with the guidelines governing the Trust Fund for Human Security and has been endorsed by the Project Review Committee. I hereby request your approval of this project.
Jean-JJiOTe Halbwachs rch 2003 Rev.28.01.03 PROJECT (PROGRAMME) PROPOSAL FROM UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL PROGRAMME FOR THE TRUST FUND FOR HUMAN SECURITY
COUNTRY The Union of Myanmar
TITLE OF PROJECT Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan State (AD/RAS/96/C25)
TITLE OF SUB-PROJECT: AD/RAS/02/G45 - Programme for Education and Training of Opium Farmers Providing Food Security by Sustainable Production of Rice as an Alternative Crop, Based on Construction of Irrigation Canals and Land Development in the Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, the Union of Myanmar
EXECUTING AGENCY United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP)
IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP)
DURATION 18 months
TOTAL BUDGET US$1,168,869 (incl. 7% project support cost) TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. RATIONALE 2 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Problem to be addressed 4 1.3 UNDCP/Wa project's past and related activities and assistance 5 1.4 Beneficiaries / stakeholders 6 1.5 Programme viability and sustainability 6 1.6 Relevance of UNDCP support 7 1.7 Significance of the programme in relation to the Human Security Fund 7 "*••;> * 2. STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVE, OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES. 2.1 Objective 8 2.2 Outputs 9
3. LINKAGES BETWEEN OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES 9 3.1 Output 1 Activities 9 3.2 Output2 Activities 9 3.3 Output 3 Activities 10 3.4 Output 4 Activities 10 3.5 Output 5 Activities 10 3.6 Output 6 Activities 10
4. EXECUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES 11-12
5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 12-13
6. RISKS 13
7. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES 14
8. LEGAL CONTEXT 14
9. BUDGET 15
ANNEXES
Annex A Detailed Breakdown of Sub-contract Budget (BL. 21; Construction of the Mong Kar Canal) Annex B Project Logical Framework Matrix Annex C Work Plan (Construction of Mong Kar Main Canal) (Land Development and Rice Production) Annex D Terms of Reference of Key Personnel Annex E Maps of Project Area Annex F UNDCP/Wa Project Report of Mong Kar Canal Survey, July 2001 Annex G Detailed Programme Cost 1. RATION ALE
1.1 Background
In 2001, the Union of Myanmar was the world's largest opium producing country. In that year, almost 70% of the world's illicit opium was produced, following the ban on opium production in Afghanistan. It is estimated that 90% of Myanmar's opium is cultivated in the Shan State, where the Wa and Kokang Special Regions represent more than 50% of the cultivation. Most opium produced in Myanmar is not domestically consumed, but transformed into heroin and then trafficked to the international market, which poses a threat to "human security" worldwide. Today, such illicit drugs create enormous global problems, such as health problems including HIV/AIDS infection, negative effects on the workforce, increased violence and organized crime, and the degeneration of the younger generation, the most precious asset of our future.
The Wa Special Region No.2 is located in a remote, mountainous and isolated area in the Eastern Shan State on the border with China. During the years prior to 1989, the area was marked by internal conflicts and further impoverished by constant wars. It was only after 1989, when the Wa and other ethnic groups reached ceasefire agreements with the Government of the Union of Myanmar (GOUM), that the area was opened for peaceful development. In the same year, the GOUM started development activities in the border areas, including the Wa region, under the auspices of the Ministry of the Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs (PBANRDA or NATALA1), which included as one of its main objectives the elimination of opium poppy cultivation and heroin production.
In 1995, the Wa Central Committee (WCC) committed itself to make the Wa region completely opium-free by 2005, and requested domestic and international assistance to achieve this goal. In 1995 and 1996, UNDCP launched a pilot drug control project, the very first international assistance of any kind given to the Wa Region. Since 1998, UNDCP has been implementing the project RAS/C25 - the UNDCP/Wa project2 (UNDCP/Wa project) to support the WCC's commitment. The UNDCP/Wa project aims to reduce the supply of and demand for opium and other drugs in the Southern Wa area by using sustainable, community-based approaches for reduction and eventual elimination of the opium-based economy. The RAS/C25 UNDCP/Wa project, in addition to using its own traditional UNDCP financing, serves as an implementation hub to supplement the Wa's own activities and funding in socio-economic development there.
To date, the Wa Region enjoys almost complete autonomy, and the GOUM has limited access to the area. Due to the complexity of the political situation and difficulty in accessing it, the Wa Region has failed to attract external assistance to undertake reconstruction. In the war-torn area, poverty prevails, the physical and social infrastructures are very poor, and sanitation is far from being sufficient. The people have little access to health and education services, and farmers have no
1 NATALA is the Burmese abbreviation of PBANRDA 2 Previously known as "Wa Alternative Development Project" viable alternative to producing opium, which earns them approximately US$230 per year of cash income, for their survival. Moreover, as the Region remains isolated, these humanitarian challenges are largely unknown to the outside world.
The Wa authority has found that the lack of "food security" in the Region is one of the main reasons why the farmers produce opium. Though most of the people rely on upland rice cultivation to secure their own food, this can only cover their needs for 6 to 8 months a year. Historically, the people of this area have depended on poppy cultivation and opium production in order to earn the cash to buy rice and offset the 4 to 6-month rice shortage.
The present proposal forms a supplementary part of the UNDCP/Wa project. It aims to provide the opium farmers living in the Mong Kar Township of the Wa Region with food security and an alternative way of living, by constructing irrigation canals and developing irrigation systems that will help realize double- cropping of rice (both summer rice and monsoon rice). Although it has one of the highest concentrations of opium production in the Wa Region, Mong Kar has a tremendous potential to break through the cycle of "poverty and opium production". There are more than 500 ha of virgin flat land that is suitable to be used as paddy fields for both summer and monsoon rice cultivation, if only sufficient water would be made available there. The UNDCP/Wa project already initiated experimental paddy fields of the summer rice production at a place near to the said virgin flat land. Thus far, about 15 ha of summer rice has been grown successfully, proving that the geographical and climatic conditions of Mong Kar are suitable to the double cropping of rice.
The Wa recognized the potential of the Mong Khar valley as early as 1998 when they made their first attempt to build a weir at the river to collect the water and to dig a canal in order to bring the collected water to the valley irrigation. Apart from the weir, the Wa authorities failed in their attempt to construct the canal due to lack of a proper design, skilled human resources and the financial means to acquire the latter. The original project concept was rudimentary, developed with the limited means available locally, and not the product of skilled professionals. As a result they requested professional assistance of UNDCP. The UN project engineers easily discovered the basic flaws in the 1998 Wa design, such as inclining bed slopes and underestimation of the volume of earthwork requirements.
In mid-2001, the UN project engineers undertook a comprehensive technical review of the entire design, including the weir (already constructed by the Wa authorities), the canal and the total land to be irrigated. This review included leveling and topographic survey, as well as a new design (profile). Subsequently, the project proceeded with a competitive bidding process in 2002, with the help of UNDP. The detailed canal design and construction cost estimate proposal was reviewed by the UNDP Local Contract Committee and, finally, submitted to and approved by the UNDP Advisory Committee on Procurement in New York. Prior to approval, the proposal was technically reviewed by an independent irrigation engineering group, which consisted of the Deputy Director and Engineers from the Irrigation Department of Kyange Tong, Easter Shan State. On the basis of the above, the Mong Kar canal is expected to be a successful endevour.
The comprehensive review also confirmed the need for land registry or cadastre. This should serve as a basis for the local Wa authorities to grant land titling. Without such a land ownership record, the sustainability of the canal project cannot be guaranteed since the benefits of the irrigation would be disputed. In preparation of the development of a full-fledged land survey system (including recording of plots and land titling) and to advocate this new concept, it was agreed with the local authorities that a preliminary land registry be established (at a rudimentary scale of t:5000), tested and further developed. It was agreed that the required training of the local authorities on land development, land use, land registration and revenue be initiated. This would ensure the sustainability of the system beyond project-end.
Based on the above, the Mong Kar Township authorities have made a strong commitment to eradicate opium production from the district by the end of 2003 if the irrigation system is constructed, the full-fledged land survey system is put in place, and the 500 ha of virgin land is developed. The subsequent increase in rice production will secure enough food for the opium farmers.
1.2 Problem to be addressed
According to the 1999 survey conducted by the UNDCP/Wa Project3 almost 96% of the opium farmers in the Wa Region produce opium in order to offset food shortages. The Region is mountainous, and it is hard to find flat land for rice production. Most farmers have to rely on upland rice cultivation to secure their own food. However, this can only cover the food sufficiency for 6 to 8 months of a year, thus creating many serious humanitarian problems such as poverty and poor health and education systems. Therefore, the farmers of the area have traditionally been compelled to grow opium poppy and to sell or barter the opium they produced on the local market in order to earn cash to buy rice to fill the rice deficit. The local price of opium in 1999 was US$90.2 per kilogram, and on average, the opium poppy growing households planted 0.4 ha and produced an estimated 2.57kg, worth US$232 per year2.
In the Wa District, the Mong Kar Township is known as one of the few major opium producing areas with almost 70% of the 1,057 households growing opium poppy in 1999. This single township alone produces 1,110 kg of opium from 180 ha with an average yield of 2.5 kg per acre, which is higher than any other areas of the Wa Region. In the highland area, 18.6% of the land is used for opium production, whereas only 13.6% is used for rice production. The Wa authority has recognized the potential to increase rice production substantially by developing the irrigation systems through construction of a main canal and some secondary
UNDCP/Wa project 1999 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey .Mong Pawk, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan Sate, Union of Myanmar, UNDCP/Wa project, 1999 2 UNDCP/Wa project 2000 Socio-Economic Baseline Survey (Mono Kar Township, Nam Pa! Township). Mong Pawk, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan Sate, Union of Myanmar, UNDCP/Wa project, February 2001 canals at Mong Kar, and turning the 500 ha of virgin flat land into rice-producing land.
In 1998, the Wa authority launched a project to construct a main canal approximately 6 km long, and to develop the rice irrigation system in Mong Kar. The labor was at first subcontracted to a Chinese, and then a Thai construction company. However, mainly due to a shortage of financial resources and major flaws in the design, the project was halted after only 100 meters of the canal had been constructed. In 2001, the Wa authority requested UNDCP to provide assistance to restart construction of the canal and development of the rice •«* irrigation system. Following this request for assistance, the UNDCP/Wa project conducted a land survey of the area and a feasibility study with detailed cost estimates. The survey showed that if the project were to be implemented, the positive impact would be multiplied, directly contributing to substantial and sustainable increase of rice production, thus breaking the vicious cycle of "poverty and opium production", and greatly encouraging the Wa people to achieve their goal of completing/eradicating opium poppy cultivation by the end of 2005.
1.3 UNDCP/Wa project's past and related activities and assistance
Between 1994 and 1997, UNDCP implemented two other alternative development projects relevant to this programme. The first, which was a model similar to the present programme and led to the establishment of the UNDCP/Wa project as it is now, was executed in the Silu District of Special Region No. 4 (adjacent to the Wa Special Region). This area is now free of opium poppy and has seen marked improvements in the farmers' living standards. In 1995 and 1996, UNDCP undertook a Preparatory Assistance Programme in two townships of Mong Pawk District in the Wa Special Region. The Programme paved the way to the UNDCP/Wa project as it is at present.
The presently proposed programme is to be executed and implemented by UNDCP by using the institutional framework of its ongoing UNDCP/Wa project (UNDCP/Wa project) and achieving maximum synergy with the other UNDCP assistance in the region. The UNDCP/Wa project commenced in July 1998 with total budget of US$15.6 million, aiming to establish a sustainable, community- based approach to the reduction and the eventual elimination of supply of and demand for opium in the Wa Special Region. With a duration of 5 and a half years, up to December 2003, the UNDCP/Wa project completed its first phase in December 2000. It entered its second phase in January 2001 with a revised total budged of US$11.6 million and more focused activities under the five key components: health, education, livelihood/agriculture, infrastructures, and community development.
In 2001, UNDCP received US$200,000 from the "Trust Fund for Human Security" (HSF) contributed by the Government of Japan, and implemented through the UNDCP/Wa project for comprehensive health activities in the Mong Pawk District on-going under RAS/C25. With the money from the HSF, knowledge and skills of the local people in community-based primary health care have been developed, and awareness of the dangers of drug abuse, HIV/AIDS infection (among drug addicts who use drug by means of injection) and basic primary health care have been strengthened. Currently, of five Rural Health Centers, some have been completed, and others are under construction. When all are completed, the entire population of the programme area will have had a good access to primary health care services.
The current proposal for the assistance from the HSF Trust Fund for Human Security will benefit the Mong Kar Township, located 31 km south of Mong Pawk. The UNDCP/Wa project institutional framework will again facilitate the implementation of the construction of the canal, the development of an irrigation system and the preparation of land for rice cultivation. This is in line with UNDCP's Country Programme, which supports the Wa authority's firm commitment to make the entire region completely free of opium by the year 2005.
Using the UNDCP/Wa project as a facilitator enables UNDCP to make the most use of the UNDCP/Wa project's considerable experience in working and operating in the remote and under-developed Wa region. It also guarantees maximum synergy with other assistance of the UNDCP/Wa project itself. The results of each activity executed by the UNDCP/Wa project have been carefully evaluated and documented, and lessons learned are to be incorporated into future programmes. In this way, UNDCP strives to make its assistance relevant, effective and well-targeted, which is a necessity for a complex and at times less-than-stable region of ethnic groups than the other regions under the administration of the GOUM such as the Wa Region.
1.4 Beneficiaries / stakeholders
The principal stakeholders and the targeted beneficiaries of the programme will be the opium farmers and their families who live in very poor conditions in the Mong Kar Township, in the southeastern part of the Wa Special Region No.2. With a total population of 5,343, 70% of the 1,057 households produce opium, and 53% suffer from rice/food deficits. This programme will allow them to break through the vicious cycle of "poverty and opium production" by increased and sustainable rice production, thus providing sufficient food for the opium farmers, and finally, making them achieve a sustainable way of living without opium.
The participating agencies from the GOUM, namely the Ministry of the Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs (PBANDRA or NATALA), the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC) are the other stakeholders, as are the relevant Wa departments, the Wa Central Committee (WCC) of Pang Kham Special District, and the Mong Kar Agricultural Department.
1.5 Programme viability and sustainability
The programme will be executed in close cooperation with the Wa authority and the local community in planning, implementing and monitoring. The programme puts special emphasis on: capacity building of the local community; developing of both institutional and technical capacity of the local people to manage what the programme will achieve through construction of irrigation canals, and training in double rice cropping and water management. This will ensure transfer of technology to the local community, as well as the viability and sustainability of the programme. The construction of the canals will utilize both the materials locally available, and the technology that will enable the local people to sustain the results that the programme has achieved.
1.6 Relevance of UNDCP support
UNDCP is the only UN agency at present operating in the Wa Special Region. The Region was for many decades isolated due to armed conflict, and UNDCP has played a pioneering role in leading the way in negotiated access to the area, and in beginning to address the myriad problems that poverty and drug dependency bring about in this remote, under-developed and less-than-stable region.
The Wa Special Region remains one of the principal areas of opium poppy cultivation and is a priority area for UNDCP assistance in the Union of Myanmar. In support of the Wa authorities' commitment to completely eradicate opium production by 2005, this programme is in line with the UNDCP's Country Programme. The areas where poppy is grown remain some of the poorest and most isolated parts of the country. The areas are also characterized by an almost complete lack of basic infrastructure, access to health services and education. Though UNDCP's mandate specifically deals with countering the cultivation, trafficking and abuse of illicit narcotic drugs in the Wa Special Region, this can be achieved only by taking a holistic, multi-disciplinary humanitarian approach, which aims at a broader improvement in the standard of living of the local people.
This also fits within the assessment of the present conditions for living as a human being undertaken in 2001 by the United Nations Country Team in the Union of Myanmar, which identified three priority areas for immediate action. These three areas are 1) HIV/AIDS, 2) illicit drug problems, and 3) food security. Being the only and single UN Agency now present and operating in the Wa Special Region, it is UNDCP's responsibility to provide the region with the humanitarian assistance required to address and solve the drug problems as well as the related food deficit problems.
1.7 Significance of the programme in relation to the Human Security Fund
The danger of illicit drugs is one of the major threats to "human security" today. The root-causes of the illicit drug problem vary, but in the Union of Myanmar, where almost 70% of world's opiates was produced in 2001, poverty and poor circumstances in which the farmers and their families find themselves are the primary reasons.
Through the use of the UNDCP/Wa project's institutional framework this assistance from the HSF "Trust Fund for Human Security" will greatly contribute to the following objectives: First, poverty reduction in the Mong Kar Township, one of the remotest and most impoverished parts of the country by substantially increasing rice production to secure enough food for opium farmers, as well as providing them with an alternative way of living. And second, assisting the Wa people to achieve drastic decrease of opium poppy production in the Wa Special Region, which is the world's major source of illicit drugs, and where no other UN Agencies have been able to provide such assistance.
More specifically, the Fund will contribute to (1) providing the local people with training in construction of irrigation system, including canals, water management, and double cropping of rice, and (2) building community-based capacity to manage and monitor the whole irrigation system consisting of canals, water distribution system and rice field irrigation system to be established by the programme so that the sustainability of the programme can be ensured, (3) constructing a 6 km long Mong Kar main canal to draw water from the nearest stream, the Mong Kar River, to paddy fields of the township, (4) constructing the secondary canal and establishing a water distribution and water management system in the farmland, (5) developing 500 ha of flat paddy fields for double cropping of rice (summer and monsoon rice), (6) introducing double cropping of rice to the local farmers to increase rice-production by 135%, and thus allowing the local people to attain food security so as to encourage them to give up cultivation of opium poppy.
Without such support from the HSF "Trust Fund for Human Security" to the Wa Region as proposed here, the local population of the area would be obliged to continue to make their living in miserable conditions, and to resort back to an opium-based economy life-style. This would mean never-ending poverty-driven lives of the poor opium farmers, and ever-lasting exposure to the threats to "human security" being endangered by an opium-based economy, which brings about serious problems related to illicit drug trafficking and addiction, spreading to every corner of the world. For these reasons, the assistance from the HSF "Trust Fund for Human Security" will be very necessary and instrumental for these poor opium farmers to break through finally this vicious cycle of "poverty and opium production".
Women play a major role in agricultural production in the area, including rice and opium poppy cultivation. They are involved in land preparation, sowing, transplanting, weeding and harvesting. The project will ensure that both men and women have equal opportunities to participate in project activities. In particular, it will take into account the constraints that women may face in terms of language and literacy skills, workload, transitional roles, etc. and that could limit their active participation in the project.
2. STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVE AND OUTPUTS
2.1 Objective
The objective of this programme is:
"To support the opium poppy eradication plan of the Wa Special Region through alternative development, which will provide opium poppy growing farmers in the Mong Kar Township with education and training necessary and enough to secure "food security" by their sustainable rice production based on the construction of irrigation system, development of paddy fields and double cropping of rice." 2.2 Outputs
The Programme aims to give the education and training of the opium growing farmers to enable them to carry out the sustainable rice production through the following outputs:
Output 1: Main Mong Kar canal is to be completed and operationalized.
Output 2: Secondary Mong Kar canals are to be built operationalized and a water management system established; local capacity in maintaining the canals is to be developed.
Output 3: Land registry developed for the entire flat area of Mong Kar and land development for double cropping, and the local capacity in maintaining the cadastre.
Output 4: Summer rice cultivation on around 500 ha of paddy fields.
Output 5: Monsoon rice cultivation on around 500 ha of paddy fields.
Output 6 : Paddy production increased by 4,000 to 6,000 metric tons, which corresponds to about 2,000 to 3,000 metric tons of rice.
3. LINKAGE BETWEEN OUTPUTS AND ACTIVITIES
3.1 Output 1 Activities
Main Mong Kar canal is to be completed and operationalized
Activity 1.1: Design and estimation work. Activity 1.2: Transport of labor and materials collection. Activity 1.3: Earth excavation for main canal, inspection path and slide slope cutting. Activity 1.4: Construction work of access road and main canal. Activity 1.5: Construction of other associated structures (drainage crossing, level crossing, super passage, canal head regulator, cross regulator, canal escape, inspection path).
3.2 Output 2 Activities
Secondary canals are to be built and operationalized, water management system established, and local capacity in maintaining the canals developed Activity 2.1: Design and estimation work. Activity 2.2: Materials collection. Activity 2.3: Earth excavation for canals and construction by local community, using local resources. Activity 2.4: Water management training for local authorities and farmers. 3.3 Output 3 Activities
Establishment of a cadastre, land development and land title registration under leadership of local Wa authorities
Activity 3.1: Land surveyed with use of CIS and cadastral software. Activity 3.2: Detailed maps prepared for cadastre preparation. Activity 3.3: Land leveling and terrace formation using local resources. Activity 3.4: Bounds formation for small plots using local resources. Activity 3.5: Formation of 0.2 ha small plots for paddy fields. Activity 3.6: Land preparation with small power tillers and small farm machines. Activity3.7: Connection of individual fields with the tertiary canal to secondary canal. ActivityS.8: Individual field recording, inspection, classification and Assignment.
3.4 Output 4 Activities:
Summer rice cultivation on around 500 ha of paddy rice
Activity 4.1: Selection of key farmers. Activity 4.2: Procurement of improved varieties of rice seeds and fertilizers. Activity 4.3: Land preparation for rice nursery. Activity 4.4: Maintenance of rice nursery. Activity 4.5: Transplanting of 25-30 days old seedlings to permanent fields. Activity 4.6: Training of key farmers in water management, pest control, weeds control & fertilizer application. Activity 4.7: Yield estimation by crop-cuts. Activity 4.8: Introduction of post harvest technology by using threshers.
3.5 Output 5 Activities
Monsoon rice cultivation on around 500 ha of paddy rice
Activity 5.1: Selection of key farmers. Activity 5.2: Procurement of improved varieties of rice seeds and fertilizers. Activity 5.3: Hand on training of key farmers in the fields (rice nursery preparation & maintenance). Activity 5.4: Demonstration of in-line sowing of rice seeds to farmers. Activity 5.5: Training of key farmers in water management, pest control, weeds control & fertilizer application. Activity 5.6: Field visits of farmers to farmers field. Activity 5.7: Yield estimate by crop-cuts & introduction of post harvest technology.
3.6 Output 6 Activities
Paddy production increased by 4,000 to 6,000 metric tons, which corresponds to about 2,000 to 3,000 metric tons of rice by using improved milling recovery (50%).
10 Activity 6.1: Time of harvest to control rice seeds quality. Activity 6.2: Drying rice seeds to control seed moisture content (12%). Activity 6.3: Rice storage and marketing. Activity 6.4: Training of farmers in the use of rice mills and demonstration rice quality and its products.
4. EXECUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION MODALITIES
^ The programme will be implemented by the United Nations International Drug ^Control Programme (UNDCP) by utilizing the framework of the on-going RAS/C25 * UNDCP/Wa project (UNDCP/Wa project) through the assistance from the HSF "Trust Fund for Human Security" contributed by the Government of Japan. The programme will come under the overall supervision of the UNDCP Myanmar Field Office in Yangon, and the UNDCP/Wa project Mong Pawk field office in the Wa Special Region No.2. UNDCP will closely collaborate at all stages of programme implementation with the Government of the Union of Myanmar (GOUM), the Wa Central Committee (WCC) in Pang Kham Special District, and the authority of the Wa Agricultural Bureau in the Mong Kar Township.
UNDCP through its UNDCP/Wa project will provide the following support to the programme:
a) Technical backstopping, administrative and financial management throughout the programme as well as general guidance and advisory services in all aspects and at all stages of the implementation of the programme; b) Support for and participation in planning, monitoring, evaluation and supervision of the programme activities; c) Procurement of equipment, subcontracting and personnel management; d) Technical and logistical support in conducting land survey and feasibility area study of the Mong Kar main canal and paddy fields for rice cultivation; e) Training of the local villagers in water management and maintenance of irrigation system; f) General coordination for programme activities between the GOUM side( the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control and NATALA) and the Wa side(WCC, Wa Agriculture Bureau, and the Mong Kar Township) in achieving the programme's objective and outputs; g) Preparation for and submission of required reports to the UNDCP Yangon office, to be forwarded, though UNDCP Headquarters, to the Office of the UN Controller in New York, for review, approval and transmission to the Government of Japan.
The Wa authority will provide its in-kind contribution to the construction of the Mong Kar main canal and development of the irrigation system, with the necessary labor and materials (such as stones, sand, wood, etc.).
UNDCP's principal counterpart agencies at the national level are the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC) and NATALA. These two agencies will provide overall policy guidance for the programme at the national level. One
11 officer will be assigned from the Irrigation Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation to be stationed in Keng Tung Township, 90 km south of Mong Pawk, and will monitor the progress of implementation of the programme and report to NATALA.
At the regional level, the WCC in Pang Kham and the Wa District authority will provide guidance and support for the development of the programme of the Mong Kar Township. The WCC already assigned the Deputy Chief of the Wa Agricultural Bureau to station in the Mong Kar Township. He is responsible for overall management and monitoring of the programme activities in close consultation with the UNDCP/Wa project Mong Pawk Office and Mong Kar Liaison Office.
At the field level, the RAS/C25 UNDCP/Wa project's Project Coordinator stationed full-time in the Mong Pawk office will supervise overall activities relating to implementation of the programme and monitor the progress to be made in a accordance with the time schedule stipulated in the work plan of the programme, in close consultation with the UNDCP Representative in Yangon. The UNDCP/Wa project Mong Kar Liaison Officer stationed full-time in the Mong Kar Township will monitor the progress of day-to-day activities and report to UNDCP/Wa project Project Coordinator, as well as facilitating communications among the local Wa authority, the community and the UNDCP/Wa project Mong Pawk office. Under supervision and general guidance of UNDCP/Wa project Project Coordinator, the UNDCP/Wa project experts, including, Land Development Specialist, Agronomist, Irrigation Engineer will render technical support to the programme, together with the other UNDCP/Wa project staff members, especially in reviewing the land survey and design of canals, planning of the irrigation system, and, formulating detailed work plan, according to the Terms of Reference (see annex). Two international experts will provide the local community with comprehensive education and training in water management, maintenance of canals, and summer and monsoon rice production, in order to develop the local capacity to sustain what the programme achieves. A private company will be subcontracted, according to the procedures stipulated in the rules and regulations of the United Nations3, for the detailed land survey, estimating costs, design and construction of the Mong Kar main canal, in close consultation with Project Coordinator, the UNDCP/Wa project experts, and the local Wa authority.
5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and evaluation of the programme will be undertaken at a number of different levels, and will be coordinated by UNDCP as the executing agent, and the monitoring will be integrated with the monitoring of its broader programme in the region.
At the community level the Deputy Chief of WA Agriculture Bureau will be assigned to monitor daily activities conducted by the contractor on the main Mong Kar canal and report the results of his monitoring activities to the UNDCP/Wa project liaison office. The UNDCP/Wa project Liaison office will be working under
The subcontract belowUS$100,000 will be reviewed and approved by the UN Local Contract Committee in Myanmar, and above US$100,000, by the UN Advisory Committee on Procurement in New York, after the competitive biddings.
12 the main office of UNDCP/Wa project based in Mong Pawk. All the activities of the land development will be monitored by the Deputy Chief of Agriculture Bureau, in close collaboration with the UNDCP/Wa project experts in agriculture. He will facilitate all the activities concerned with villagers.
At the regional level of the Wa Central Committee, the programme will be monitored by the Chief of the Agriculture Bureau and by the Chairman of the Wa Central Committee, which will be provided with quarterly report on the programme and will take any necessary actions on problems encountered or recommendations made.
At the national level a supervisor will be assigned by the Irrigation department who is to be based in Keng Tung, to monitor at least twice a month technical progress made on the canals and advise on future activities to be conducted. The UNDCP/Wa project Project Coordinator will provide annual and semi-annual project progress reports on activities to the UNDCP/Wa project Project Steering Committee (consisting of WA Local authorities, UNDCP, CCDAC, NATALA and UNDCP Headquarters in Vienna). These reports will cover activities, problems and recommendations as well as expenditure and financial status.
In addition to the above, the activities of this project will be included in the overall external project evaluation of RAS/C25, scheduled to take place in late 2003, and the cost of which is being covered under that project. The evaluation is expected to assess the effectiveness of the programme and the degree to which it has achieved its set objectives. The final evaluation report will form the basis of the programme review meeting to be held at the end of the programme between the NATALA, the Wa Central committee and the UNDCP that will also review requirements for future assistance.
6. RISKS
The Wa Special Region, including this programme-implementation location is situated in a remote area, which is accessible with much difficulty during the dry season from October to May. However, due to some of the difficulties to access the area during other months may lead to some delays in programme- implementation since much of the materials have to be brought into the site by road. Mainly during the dry season the major construction work is undertaken.
The area is subjected to some landslides usually during the rainy season, and therefore, the construction of the Mong Kar main canal and its associated structures require more elaborate design to counter the landslide risks.
The Wa Central Committee (WCC)'s policy is to transform the Mong Kar area into a rice bowl for the whole Wa region, and therefore, the WCC has already assigned a dedicated and competent administrator stationed in Mong Kar Township (which is now under direct control of the WCC) in order to cooperate with implementation of this programme. However, there is a slight possibility that this present administrator might be changed by the Wa authorities due to change of circumstances, and such change, if made, might affect somewhat the implementation of the programme.
13 7. PRIOR OBLIGATIONS AND PREREQUISITES
Implementation of activities by UNDCP under this project is, each year, subject to the availability of adequate funding. Available funds will be committed through an annual budget allocation based on an annual costed workplan. Should required funding not be available, UNDCP reserves the right to unilaterally terminate its assistance.
8. LEGAL CONTEXT
It is understood by the parties that this section incorporates the existing provisions of section 10, Legal Context, of Project Document AD/RAS/96/C25, from which the current programme is derived.
The Government will defray any customs duties and other charges related to the import of equipment, its transportation, handling, storage and related expenses within Myanmar.
UNDCP-funded equipment remains UNDCP property until formally transferred or disposed of. This applies irrespective of who undertakes the procurement of the equipment. Equipment may be transferred at the end of the programme module, or at any time during the life of the programme module. Disposal of equipment, including transfer of ownership, and final decision thereon, is made by UNDCP in consultation with the parties concerned.
The entity to which formal ownership of UNDCP-funded equipment is transferred, shall be responsible for ensuring that the use of that equipment is strictly for purposes of the programme module, as agreed with UNDCP, and must arrange and pay for its proper maintenance, and insurance coverage.
14 9. BUDGET (Detailed programme cost is explained in Annex G) B.L Activities Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004 Total
10 PROGRAMME PERSONNEL 11-00 International training personnel 20,000 80,000 20,000 120,000 15-00 Trainers' travel cost 600 1,200 600 2,400 16 Local Personnel Payments 17-01 Irrigation Engineer 2,100 8,400 2,100 12,600 17-02 Land development expert 2,100 8,400 2,100 12,600 17-03 Agronomist 2,100 8,400 2,100 12,600 19-99 TJOTAL PERSONNEL 26,900 106,400 26,900 160,200 20 SUB-CONTRACTS 21 Local Subcontracts 21-00 Mong Kar canal construction 437,500 437,500 29-99 TOTAL SUBCONTRACTS 437,500 - - 437,500 30 TRAINING 32 Study tours - 32-01 Study tour in Myanmar and China 1,100 1,100 2,200 34 Seminar and workshop 34-01 Training for water users' groups and water management 1,050 2,100 1,050 4,200 34-02 Training and cross visit for the total of 150 farmers 3,600 3,600 1,800 9,000 34-03 Food for work for training for construction . . . 30,000 150,000 20,000 200,000 35 Meetings 35-01 Annual review meeting in Kengtung or Pangkham 2,300 2,300 4,600 39-99 TOTAL TRAINING 35,750 159,100 25,150 220,000 40 EQUIPMENT 41 Expendable equipment 41-01 Expendable equipment for monsoon rice demonstration 45,000 45,000 90,000 41-02 Expendable equipment for training purpose 43,000 71,000 35,500 149,500 41-03 Fencing and small equipment 3,000 3,000 6,000 49-99 TOTAL EQUIPMENT 91,000 119,000 35,500 245,500 50 MISCELLANEOUS 52 Report and Printing costs 52-01 Printing maps of cadastre, sketch of canal systems, etc. 5,800 11,600 5,800 23,200 53 Sundries 53-01 Sundries (Lodging,Telephone,Electricity, Water Supply etc.) 1,500 3,000 1,500 6,000 59-99 TOTAL MISCELLANEOUS 7,300 14,600 7,300 29,200 90-99 TOTAL BUDGET OF PROJECT 598,450 399,100 94,850 1,092,400
93 UNDCP Project Support Cost*(7%) 41,892 27,937 6,640 76,469 99-99 PROJECT TOTAL 640,342 427,037 101,490 1,168,869
15 ANNEX A
Detailed Breakdown of (BL. 21: Construction of the Mong Kar Canal)
Unit price ( in CHN Total Price ( in Total Price No. Description Unit Qty Yuan) CHN Yuan) (in US$) Stone and Earth volume 3 1 of canal inspection road m 51562.00 4.80 247,497.60 30,937.20 Stone and Earth volume 3 2 of the main canal m 20795.00 14.12 293,625.40 36,703.18
3 3 Side slope cutting m 15204.00 1.78 27,063.12 3,382.89
3 4 Other excavation cost m 5604.00 14.12 79,128.48 9,891.06 3 5 Back-filling earth work m 5965.00 18.77 111,963.05 13,995.38 75# cement concrete 3 6 grouting m 10182.12 218.63 2,226,116.89 278,264.61 1 00# cement concrete 3 7 grouting m 48.00 245.00 11,760.00 1,470.00 8 200# cement plastering m 6059.00 20.57 124,633.63 15,579.20 200# cement mortar for 2 9 pointing m 14472.50 9.60 138,936.00 17,367.00 10 200# concrete cement m3 73.95 369.70 27,339.32 3,417.41 11 200# cement floor m3 8.47 369.70 3,131.36 391.42 12 steel rod kg 26144.18 5.51 144,054.43 18,006.80 Reinforced concrete pipe 13 0400 m 60.00 280.00 16,800.00 2,100.00 Reinforced concrete pipe 14 0300 m 72.00 250.00 18,000.00 2,250.00 Reinforced concrete pipe 15 0800 m 35.00 808.00 28,280.00 3,535.00 one 16 Silt excluder set 1.6x0.55x0.06 500.00 500.00 62.50 one 17 Falling shutter set 1.6x1.25x0.06 800.00 800.00 100.00
Grand Total 3,499,629.28 437,453.66
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Inspectio n pat h ••- CNJ CO •* LO 6 ANNEX D Terms of Reference Project Title Wa Alternative Development Project (WADP) Programme for Education and Training of Opium Farmers Providing Food Security by Sustainable Production of Rice as Alternative Crop Based on Construction of Irrigation Canals and Land Development in the Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, the Union of Myanmar Project Number AD/RAS/96/C25 Duty Station Mong Kar Township, Mong Pawk District, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, the Union of Myanmar Post/Title Trainer (two (2) international experts in water management, canal construction and maintenance, and rice production ) Duration initially 3 month for. each trainer Background: The United Nations Drug Control Program/ Wa Alternative Development Project (WADP, officially known as AD/RAS/96/C25, " Drug Control and Development in the Southern Wa Region of Shan State") aims at reducing opium poppy cultivation in the southern Wa region of Myanmar. The people in this region have food shortage for 6-8 months of a year, because they lack education and crop production knowledge. The WADP aims at substantial increase of rice production in the Mong Kar Township, which has potential natural resources of flat land and water source suitable for double copping of rice. Wa authority has already constructed Mong Kar weir in 1999 and continues to complete main and secondary canals to be able to conduct farming system, research and agriculture development. The project emphasizes capacity building of the local community for its sustainability, and seeks experienced and enthusiastic trainers to conduct multi-sectoral training in Mong Kar for development of skills and knowledge of the local people in water management, canal construction and maintenance, and rice production. Duties and Responsibilities: The experienced trainers will work under the general direction of the Project Coordinator (UNDCP/ WADP) and the National Project Director (NATALA) to implement work plans for multi-sectoral training. He will work also in conjunction with other project components, community groups, authorities and assigned UNDCP/ WADP staff members. The trainers are also responsible for the following activities and outputs: 1. Identifying the level of the knowledge and skills of the target communities and make training programmes responding the local needs and relevant to the local context 2. Identifying the trainees who are eligible and entitled to attend different types of training 3. Conducting the multi-sectoral training, which are relevant to community and viable for the future alternative development activities 4. Providing practical training rather than theoretical training to the target people 5. Providing economically feasible training especially in the fields of crop production and animal raising 6. Design and conduct training for water management systems for the local farmers 7. Collaborating with local authority and local people in conducting multi-sectoral training and in close cooperation and coordination with the project staffs 8. Providing close supervision and full participation during training period 9. Procuring training and IEC materials, which are useful for the trainees for all training 10. Organize a study tour for the trained participants to other appropriate and successful alternative development areas 11. *• Producing weekly and monthly progress reports of training and submitting to the Project Coordinator in a timely manner Qualifications and Experience: The trainers should have at least five (5) year's experience in conducting training and producing IEC materials. The trainers should have appropriate academic and professional qualification such as bachelor degree in social science, development studies, economic development, public administrations, job training on community field level and experiences in farming systems, research and agriculture development. The trainers should have experiences of training illiterate communities, also, awareness raising of community organizations at different levels of ethnic groups. Familiarity in the fields of vocational training and subject for the alternative development would be a good advantage. The Trainers should have language proficiency in English. Working knowledge of the local languages (Shan and Chinese) would be an advantage. TERMS OF REFERENCE Project Title Wa Alternative Development Project (WADP) Officially known as "Drug Control and Development in the Wa Region of the Shan State" Project Number AD/RAS/96/C25 Duty Station Mong Kar Township, Mong Pawk District, Wa Special Region (2), Eastern Shan State, UnionofMYANMAR. Post/ Title Irrigation Engineer (National) Duration 18th months (Long terms) Background: The Wa Alternative Development Project (officially known as AD/RAS/96/C25, "Drug Control and Development in the Southern Wa Region of the Shan State") is an alternative development project of UNDCP aimed at substantially reducing opium poppy cultivation in the southern Wa region of Myanmar. The Project aims to introduce and institutionalise participatory planning and community-based integrated rural development to enable target rural communities to choose alternative ways of living not involving the use and cultivation of opium poppy. The Project will provide significant inputs to assist hill-tribe communities to develop relevant social and economic infrastructure and service capabilities (in health, water, and education), food sufficiency through improving lowland and upland rice production, and alternative income earning activities in livestock, agriculture, agroforestry and forestry. A national Irrigation Engineer with experience in the design of small scale irrigation system in mountainous areas is required for a long assignment to review & assist in planning, managing and supervising of proposed Mong Kar canal construction. Terms of Reference: The Irrigation Engineer will work under the general direction of the Project Coordinator, and in close collaboration with infrastructure Coordinator and other WADP Component Coordinators as necessary. The Irrigation Engineer will be particularly responsible for the following activities and tasks: 1. Review the survey and design and construction cost estimates prepared for the project by Simao Industry (Tianshui) Survey Design and Construction Company for the Mong Kar canal construction. Make recommendations on improvements to the design and method of construction of proposed canal system. 2. Review the overall systems including areas to be irrigated, canal construction methodology and the secondary canal layout plan for the area to be irrigated, construction techniques and anticipated land use and command areas. 3. Review the physical resource data in the project Geographic Information System including land forms, soils, land use, climate and recent stream gauging records. Assist the project to develop a classification of catchments for identifying priority areas for irrigation, hydro-power and catchment management initiatives. 4. In close collaboration with the project's infrastructure expert and community supervise construction of the Mong Kar canal system as designed. 5. * • In undertaking the above the Irrigation Engineer will be expected to: (i) meet the local Wa Authorities and Chinese contractors involved in the construction of the project. Transportation and interpretation services will be provided by the project for this and all other inspection purposes; (ii) ascertain the level and quality of planning, design and supervision all the stages of construction of the canal. prepare a sufficiently detailed and illustrated report of findings and recommendations for submission and discussion with Project Manager ad other stakeholder before the end of the assignment. Qualifications The Irrigation Engineer should have at least years experience in engineering work in isolated areas involving the survey and design of small scale irrigation and hydro-power systems. The Engineer should have graduate education in Civil Engineering. Fluency in Myanmar and English is required and a working knowledge of Shan and preferably Chinese would be a distinct advantage. Terms of Reference Project Title Wa Alternative Development Project (WADP) Irrigation and Land Development for Food Security in the Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, The Union of Myanmar Project Number AD/RAS/96/C25 Duty Station Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, The Union of Myanmar Post/ Title Agronomist (especially in the field of rice production) Duration 18 months Background The Wa Alternative Development Project (officially known as AD/RAS/96/C25, " Drug Control and Development in the Southern Wa Region of Shan State") is an alternative development project of UNDCP aimed at reducing opium poppy cultivation in the southern Wa region of Myanmar. The people in this region have food shortage for 6-8 months because lack of irrigated flat land and crop production capacity. WADP aims at substantial increase of rice production in the Mong Kar Township, which has potential natural resources of flat land and water source suitable for double copping of rice. The Wa authority constructed Mong Kar weir in 1999, and requested the WADP to complete main and secondary canals to be able to irrigate both monsoon and summer rice. By changing cropping pattern of mono cropping to double cropping, cropping intensity will be increased. After completion of the canal project will focus to expand summer rice cultivation in Mong Kar. Therefore project needs experienced and enthusiastic agronomist to supervise rice production in Mong Kar for the food security of local people. Duties and Responsibilities: The rice production agronomist will work under the general direction of Project Coordinator (WADP) and Livelihood component expert to implement work plans to meet the project objective. The agronomist will work also in close consultation with the local Wa authority, other project components, the local community. The agronomist is also responsible for the following activities and outputs: 1. Reviewing the climate, landforms, soil and water resources the Mong Kar areas 2. Identifying pilot nucleus villages and key farmers for summer and monsoon rice production. 3. Providing supervision and hands-on training of key farmers in rice production methodology. 4. Collaborating with local authority and key farmers in rice production of both monsoon and summer rice 5. Providing fully supervision of rice production activities, ensuring farmers' participation in every stage of the activities. 6. Procuring rice production inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc..) and distributing and applying in time 7. Producing weekly and monthly reports on the rice production activities and submitting in time to the Project Coordinator Qualifications and Experience: *., The rice production agronomist should have at least (5) year's experience in rice production and cereal crop production. He should have appropriate professional qualification such as agriculture degree, training in rice production and experience of rice farming system. Familiarity with climate and soil conditions of eastern Shan State would be a good advantage. He should have language proficiency in English, and working knowledge of local Shan and Chinese language would be a distinct advantage. Terms of Reference Project Title Wa Alternative Development Project (WADP) Irrigation and Land Development for Food Security in the Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, The Union of Myanmar Project Number AD/RAS/96/C25 Duty Station Mong Kar Township, Wa Special Region No. 2, Shan State, The Union of Myanmar Post/ Title Land Development Specialist Duration 18 months f -. Background The Wa Alternative Development Project (officially known as AD/RAS/96/C25, " Drug Control and Development in the Southern Wa Region of Shan State") is an alternative development project of UNDCP aimed at reducing opium poppy cultivation in the southern Wa region of Myanmar. The people in this region have food shortage for 6-8 months because of lack of irrigated flat land and crop production capacity. WADP aims at substantial increase of rice production in the Mong Kar Township, which has potential natural resources of flat land and water source suitable for double copping of rice. The Wa authority constructed Mong Kar weir in 1999, and requested the WADP to complete main and secondary canals to be able to irrigate both monsoon and summer rice. After completion of the canal, there will be more irrigated areas and precise planning of land development will be necessary to form paddy land in Mong Kar Township. By expanding rice production areas, people will have more food for their food security. Therefore project needs experienced Land Development Specialist with technical strength in formation of paddy fields in Mong Kar. Duties and Responsibilities: The land development specialist will work under the general direction of Project Coordinator (WADP) and Land Survey-GIS specialist to implement work plans. The Land Development Specialist will work in close consultation with the local Wa authority, other project components, the local community. The land development specialist is also responsible for the following activities and outputs: 1. To review the landforms, soil and geographic conditions of water resources of Mong Kar, and survey alignment of Mong Kar canal 2. To identify the land slopes and make suggestions on whether to form small or larger plots of canal. 3. To form field plots systematically in the areas where the bunds should be strong enough to store water for rice cultivation 4. To cooperate and work together with GIS specialist in land development activities 5. To collaborate with the Wa authorities and local people in implementing land development activities 6. To prepare cadastral maps 7. To organize the farmers to form water user groups 8. To train water user groups for equal water distribution and maintenance of the canal 9. To prepare weekly and monthly progress reports on the land development activities regularly and submit to the Project Coordinator Qualifications and Experience: '*. The land development specialist should have at least (5) year's experience in land leleling, field plot formation, terrace formation and making bunds to store water for paddy. He should have appropriate professional qualification such as engineering degree, training in land survey and field plot formation. Familiarity with climate and soil conditions of eastern Shan State would be a good advantage. He should have language proficiency in English, and working knowledge of local Shan and Chinese language would be a distinct advantage. 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W.Schofield (1993). Engineering Surveying, Fourth Edition, Bectterworth- Heinemann Ltd. 2. William D. Thornbury. Principles ofGeomorhology, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc 21 ANNEX F United Nations International Drug Control Programme Ws&Alternative Development Project Report of Mong Kar Canal Survey (08-07-2001 to 22-07-2001) submitted by; Kyaw Naing Win Survey-GIS Specialist WADP HQ, Mong Pawk Special Region (2), Eastern Shan State, Myanmar Content i. Acknowledgement ii. Abstract iii. Area Map in 1. General 1.1 Location 1.2 Topography 1.3 Geology 2. Survey 2.1 Levelling and Topographic survey 3. Tables and drawings (a) Level loops' records (tablel.1-1.3) (b)BMs'level (table 1.4) (c) Profile data (table 1.5) 9 (d) Plan drawing of Mong Kar Canal (dwg .1-5) 12 (e) Existing profile drawing of Mong Kar Canal (dwg .6-9) 17 4. Reference 21 Acknowledgment We would like to express our thanks to Mr. Xavier Bouan, project coordinator of WADP for his instructions and necessary supports to conduct this job. We are grateful to U Zhao Wen Guang, Chief of Agriculture, Forest and Irrigation Bureau for his kind permission to carry out the job. We would like to thank U Eik Phu, Deputy Chieft of Agriculture, Forest and Irrigation Bureau / In-charge of Mong Kar Irrigation Project, who gave us a cozy place for camping in Mong Kar and accommodation for over nights in his village Parnauk. We would like to mention our thanks to U Ja Htaw, assistant of U Eik Phu for his kind helps during our stay in Mong Kar.- Our thanks are also to U Mg Naing, 6/19 driver of WADP, without his skillful driving on muddy slippery sticky bad road, we would be very hard and tired to get to the job site and it would take much time to finish the job. We are indebted to EPI team of WADP who were carrying out child immunization programme in Mong Kar township, for their medicinal aids. Abstract Mong Kar canal has been constructed since 1999. It was first done by Chinese contractor and recently by Thai contractors. Weir was built on Nam Kar stream. A canal of nearly 6-km length was constructed to irrigate water from the weir to Mong Kar plain. Wa authorities target this area to extract a vast acre of paddy land that will assure food security to some extent However, because of some technical problems water could not reach to the plain till now. 1.General 1.1 Location Mong Kar weir is situated 6 km in the west of Mong Kar plain. The canal runs from the weir and ends at the head of a stream curling as southern margin of the plain. :^2 Topography Mong Kar township is located in the southern part of the project area, 35km far away form Mong Pawk. Generally it is a mountainous area. Mt. Loi Ho Kha is 2150m high and Mong Kar plain 990m high above mean sea level. Mong Kar plain is at the middle of this area, which is a fan shaped landform sloping gently down from west to east. Nam Kar stream runs along its northern and eastern edges and joins into Nam Lwi river in the east. Southern and northern margins are bounded with mountain ridges. Mong Kar plain covers more than 500 hectare. 1.3 Geology Mong Kar Plain itself is an alluvial landform known as alluvial fan lying in east west direction, which is typically a fan shaped landform resulted from deposition of heavily loaded mountain stream. It is narrow at the head where is the highest, and spreads out in fan like form toward the base. In longitudinal section it slopes down from the head to the base with a degree ranging from 5 to 10. Cross section of a fan is a gentle convex shape. The material comprising a fan varies in texture from coarse boulders and pebbles as its head to finer material down its slope. Weir was constructed on the streambed of gneiss, a coarse grain metamorphic rock. Canal was on the soil derived from the gneiss. In some places, partially weathered but still very hard rock outcrops (gneiss) were found at near the surface (e.g. at -1.300 km where rock blasting was carried out.) Soil derived from gneiss contains many unalterd flatten minerals called mica, 1-3 mm in size, that affects the stability of slopes. These micas align in a plane along which frictional resistance is greatly reduced. In the section from 3.500 km to 4.300 km, canal pass through a soil containing conglomerates and boulders, which is more permeable than others. 2.Survey 2.1 Levelling and topographic survey Surveying was started on July 8, 2001 and finished on July 22, 2001. During that time because of heavy rain it was not possible to measure topographical features along the canal access road as the side slope were very steep and deep. Only from 3.5 km to the end of canal, topographic measurements were taken. Levelling was conducted from the weir back to canal end. It consisted of three loops in order to make error checking in time. For the Levelling purpose canal bed level at the weir site was assumed 1000m. Ten reference pillars (BMs) were constructed at convenient places for future use. Location and reduced level of each BM is shown in table 1.4. To get maximum accuracy survey team used digital level with bubble attached 3-m staff and level plates. For the Levelling, allowable misclosure E was derived from the following formula; E=m(k)0'5 where, E = allowable misclosure in mm m = a constant in mm k = level line length (The value of m may vary from 2mm for precise levelling to 12mm or more for third order engineering levelling). Only if actual misclosure e is less than the allowable misclosure E, levelling data is acceptable. e Loopl (from 0.000 km to 1.300 km) Length k = 2.6km **,. misclosure e = 4 mm permissible error E = 10 (2.6)05 = 16mm Loop2 (from 1.300 km to 4.300 km) Length k = 6 km misclosure e = 20 mm permissible error E = 10 (6)0'5 = 24mm Loop3 (from 4.300 km to 5.809 km) Length k = 3 km misclosure e = 3 mm permissible error E = 10 (3)°5 = 17mm (Level data, calculation and adjustment are described in tables 1.1 - 1.3) Canal profile data was collected with a Total station and two 3 m- poles. Ground height of each station point was strictly controlled by the level loops. Final results are as follows; Canal bed level at the start = 1000.00 m Canal end level at the end = 989.98m Level difference = 10.02 m Canal length = 5809.00 m Existing gradient = - 0.17 % Highest level = 1016.69 m Lowest level = 987.93m Level data for every 50 m along the canal is shown in Plan and Profile drawings dwg .1-9 and in table 1.5. Level record table 1.1 Level Loop. 1 , • • ' Ch BS IS FS RL Corr Adj.RL SUMBS SUMFS Diff Ref for weir axis on canal wall 0 0.36 1001.25 o.ooc 1001.25 17.91 18.09 -0.187 Canal start bed level 1.61 1000.00 0.00 1000.00 sluice gate bed level 2.106 999.50 0.00 999.50 canal wall 1.346 0.59 1001.01 0.000 1001.01 100 2.005 1.72 1000.63 0.00 1000.63 150 1.087 1001.55 0.00 1001.55 200 1.418 1.448 1001.190 0.00 1001.190 250 1.497 1001.11 -0.00 1001.11 300 1.128 1.435 1001.173 -0.00 1001.172 ref BM on stone bed 1.428 1000.873 -0.00 1000.872 350 1.290 1.300 1001.001 -0.001 1001.000 400 1.466 1000.825 -0.001 1000.824 450 0.507 1.795 1000.496 -0.001 1000.495 500 1.536 999.467 -0.001 999.466 1.227 999.776 -0.001 999.775 temp BM on wooden peg 1.572 2.008 998.995 -0.001 998.994 550 1.239 999.328 -0.001 999.327 700 0.517 0.914 999.653 -0.001 999.652 750 1.506 998.664 -0.001 998.663 800 1.251 2.044 998.126 -0.001 998.125 850 1.238 998.139 -0.001 998.138 900 1.378 1.051 998.326 -0.001 998.325 950 1.583 998.121 -0.002 998.119 1000 1.806 1.770 997.934 -0.002 997.932 tree stump with nail Temp BM1 2.188 997.552 -0.002 997.550 1105 1.989 1.076 998.664 -0.002 998.662 1.341 0.770 999.883 -0.002 999.881 :nd Peg of Loop"! -1300 0.160 0.160 1001.064 -0.002 1001.062 0.795 1.339 999.885 -0.002 999.883 1.129 2.046 998.634 -0.002 998.632 1.925 2.213 997.550 -0.003 997.547 1.610 1.306 998.169 -0.003 998.166 1.661 1.649 998.130 -0.003 998.127 1.855 0.625 999.166 -0.003 999.163 2.025 2.025 998.996 -0.003 998.993 1.815 0.498 1000.523 0.003 1000.520 1.357 1.255 1001.083 0.003 1001.080 1.471 1.343 1001.097 0.004 1001.093 0.909 1.358 1001.210 0.004 1001.206 1.717 1.464 1000.655 0.004 1000.651 (Ref for weir axis on canal wall) 1.117 1001.255 0.004 1001.251 18.429 18.238 0.191 36.339 36.335 1001.251 36.339 1001.255 Misclosure -0.004 -0.004 Level record table 1.2 Level Loop 2 BS FS RL Corr Adj.RL SUMBS SUMFS Diff Stone at Mkar stm 1.94 D 994.67 2 0.001 994.683 52.811 46.421 6.390 1.25; 5 0.81 1 995.801 0.001 995.812 LOG;I 1.76 1 995.287 0.001 995.296 STN16 1.26: 3 995.08 5 0.00 1 995.09;r 1.561 0.99!5 995.35-* 0.00 1 995.365 1.76£ i 1.45' ' 995.45(3 O.OOC) 995.46)3 2.181 1.42J > 995.80 O.OOC) 995.81 I 2.96C1 0.25£) 997.72:5 O.OOC 997.73:3 #TBM1(-£TN15) 0.211 1.431 999.252 O.OOE 999.262 12.72!5 8.14!5 4.580 • «• * 0.536 2.612 996.851 0.004 996.86C) 1.407 1.981 995.406 0.004 995.41 £ STN14 1.618 995.195 0.004 995.204 0.734 1.897 994.916 0.003 994.924 1.562 1.663 993.987 0.003 993.995 STN13 1.277 994.272 0.003 994.280 1.743 0.899 994.650 0.002 994.657 1.968 1.852 994.541 0.002 994.548 STN12 2.03 994.479 0.002 994.436 1.273 0.658 995.851 0.001 995.857 1.598 0.994 996.130 0.001 996.136 #TBM2(-STN11) 1.208 1.203 996.525 0.001 996.530 1 1 .032 13.759 -2.727 STN11 1.596 996.137 0.001 996.742 0.829 0.976 996.757 0.001 996.762 2.311 1.132 996.454 0.001 996.459 2.464 1.538 997.227 0.000 997.231 STN10 2.67 997.021 0.000 997.025 1.074 1.765 997.926 0.000 997.930 #STN9 1.528 2.109 996.891 0.002 996.895 7.886 7.520 0.366 STN8 1.167 997.252 0.002 997.256 1.825 1.047 997.372 0.002 997.376 1.152 1.273 997.924 0.001 997.927 1.175 1.501 997.575 0.001 997.578 #TBM3 2.649 1.115 997.635 0.002 997.637 5.680 4.936 0.744 1.565 0.692 999.592 0.001 999.593 2.659 2.529 998.628 0.001 998.629 2.968 1.572 999.715 0.001 999.716 2.799 0.299 1002.384 0.001 1002.385 2.232 0.095 1005.088 0.001 1005.089 0.471 2.838 1004.482 0.000 1004.482 0.145 2.839 1002.114 0.000 1002.114 END PEG 1.180 1.197 1001.062 0.000 1001.062 15.488 12.061 3.427 2.759 0.128 1002.114 0.000 1002.114 13.363 16.787 -3.424 2.509 0.100 1004.773 0.000 1004.773 0.149 2.356 1004.926 0.000 1004.926 0246 2.663 1002.412 0.000 1002.412 1.592 2.939 999.719 -0.001 999.718 2.780 2.680 998.631 -0.001 998.630 1.313 1.818 999.593 -0.001 999.592 0.835 2.258 998.648 -0.001 998.647 KTBM3 1.069 1.845 997.638 -0.001 997.637 1.848 1.194 997.513 -0.001 997.512 5.297 6.037 -0.740 1.093 1.149 998.212 -0.001 998.210 1.287 1.941 997.364 -0.002 997.362 STN8 1 392 997.259 -0.002 997.256 #Sr/V9 2.189 , 1.753 996.898 -0.002 996.895 1 .8*45 1.151 997.936 0.000 997.933 9.996 10.360 -0.364 1.541 2.499 997.282 0.000 997.279 1.424 2.572 996.251 -0.001 996.248 1.467 1.163 996.512 -0.001 996.508 1.530 1.738 996.241 -0.001 996.237 STN11 1.626 996.145 -0.001 996.141 #TBM2 1.570 1.237 996.534 -0.001 996.530 1.108 1.942 996.162 -0.001 996.157 10.607 7.871 2.736 0.906 2.028 995.242 -0.001 995.237 0.704 1.056 995.092 -0.002 995.086 1.951 1.108 994.688 -0.003 994.681 1.780 1.338 995.301 -0.003 995.294 2.588 0.193 996.888 -0.004 996.880 #TBM1 1.728 0.206 999.270 -0.005 999.262 0.151 2.807 998.191 0.000 998.183 8.677 13.255 -4.578 1.800 2.869 995.473 0.000 995,465 1.601 1.934 995.339 -0.001 995.331 2.244 2.095 994.845 -0.001 994.836 1.153 1.382 995.707 -0.001 995.698 Stone at Mkar str 2.168 994.692 -0.001 994.683 47.940 54.310 -6.370 100.751 100.731 994.672 100.751 994.692 Misdosure -0.020 -0.020 Uevel record table 1.3 Level Loop, 3 BS IS FS RL Corr Adj.RL SUMBS SUMFS Diff Stream Stone 1.52 994.68 0.00(3 994.68,J 20.93,3 25.235 -4.303 0.83 1.384 994.81 0.00() 994.81!) 1.38 2.56 993.08 o.ooc) 993.08J) 1.12 1.97 992.50 -0.001 992.50^> 1.68 0.46 993.16 -0.001 993.162 TBM LP3.1 1.00 2.03 992.81 -0.001 992.818 6.555 8.41£) -1.864 2.067 1.04 992.77 -0.001 992.773 1.035 1.38 993.46 -0.001 993.459 1.757 2.374 992.12 -0.001 992.120 0.820 1.855 992.023 -0.001 992.022 1.202 991.64 -0.001 991.640 0.804 1.984 990.859 -0.001 990.858 0.594 1.991 989.672 -0.001 989.671 1.093 2.303 987.963 -0.001 987.962 TBM LP3.2 1.355 0.907 988.149 0.000 988.149 9.172 13.842 -4.670 1.769 1.218 988.286 0.000 988.286 2.082 0.867 989.188 -0.001 989.187 TBM LP3.3 end 0.878 0.890 990.380 -0.001 990.379 5.206 2.975 2.231 0.858 2.108 989.150 -0.001 989.149 2.857 5.086 -2.229 1.121 1.574 988.434 -0.002 988.432 TBMLP3.2 0.856 1.404 988.151 -0.002 988.149 STN21 1.757 987.250 -0.002 987.248 14.993 10.324 4.669 1.805 0.885 988.122 -0.002 988.120 STN20 1.406 988.521 -0.002 988.519 2.275 0.819 989.108 -0.002 989.106 STN19 1.940 989.443 -0.002 989.441 1.907 0.793 990.590 -0.002 990.588 1.274 0.826 991.671 -0.002 991.669 STN18 1.299 991.646 -0.002 991.644 1.882 0.970 991.975 -0.002 991.973 2.196 1.509 992.348 -0.002 992.346 1.684 1.166 993.378 -0.002 993.376 1.114 2.222 992.840 -0.002 992.838 TBMLP3.1 1.981 1.134 992.820 -0.001 992.819 0.652 1.637 993.164 -0.002 993.162 9.937 8.071 1.866 2.369 1.630 991.986 -0.002 991.984 1.476 1.284 993.071 -0.002 993.069 2.305 0.803 993.744 0.002 993.742 1.154 1.194 994.855 -0.003 994.852 Stream Stone 1.323 994.686 0.003 994.683 27.787 23.481 4.306 48.720 48.717 994.683 48.720 994.686 Misclosure -0.003 -0.003 B Ms Level table 1.4 No BMs Reduced Level Approx Chainage 1 BM-01 998.325 -1010 2 BM-02 1001.271 -1615 3 BM-03 1002.942 -2050 4 BM-04 1002.352 -2470 5 BM-05 986.224 -3045 6 BM-06 987.475 -3400 7 BM-07 1002.759 -3900 8 BM-08 998.936 -4365 9 BM-09 994.151 -5210 10 BM10 992.526 -5820 Profile data table 1.5 Chainage Canal Bed Level Access Road Level Remark O.OOI} 1000.03 nII Canal bed @ start 100.00() 1000.6,3 1000.63 150.00C) 1001.5,5 1001.55 200.00C) 1001.1!} 1001.1'3 250.00C) 1001.1- 1001.1 1 300.00C) 1001.1: 1001.1"7 350.00C) 1001. 0( 1001. OC) 400.00C 1001.8C 1001.8CJ 450.00C iooo.5e 1000.56 500.000 999.47 999.47 550.000 999.33 999.33 600.000 999.35 999.35 650.000 1000.08 1000.08 creek 700.000 999.65 999.65 750.000 998.66 998.66 800.000 998.13 998.13 850.000 998.14 998.13 900.000 998.33 998.32 950.000 998.12 998.12 1000.000 997.93 997.93 1050.000 998.50 998.50 1100.000 998.59 998.59 1150.000 999.19 999.19 1200.000 999.94 999.94 1250.000 1000.74 1000.74 1300.000 1002.29 1002.29 1303.600 1003.42 1003.42 1315.200 1005.01 1005.01 1327.700 1006.87 1006.87 1339.300 1009.38 1009.38 c w 1350.000 1011.69 1011.69 03 1353.500 1012.44 1012.44 CO 1362.000 1014.95 1014.95 C 1371.000 1016.72 1016.72 o> 1382.200 1017.96 1017.96 'B 1400.000 1016.69 1016.69 0 1403.800 1016.69 1016.69 r °\ 2100.00 996.0 997.85 2150.00 996.4 997.4S 2200.00 997.1 998.0 Z 2250.00 997.4 998.1 I 2300.00 997.0 998.1'I 2350.000 995.9 997.4'r 2400.000 996.1 997.2^i 2450.000 996.5 996.97r 2468.000 996.3 996.37' creek 2490.000 996.2 996.2C creek 2500.000 996.7 996.9G 2550.000 997.06 997.06 2600.000 996.47 996.47 2650.000 996.46 996.46 2700.000 997.61 997.61 2750.000 997.73 997.73 2800.000 996.89 996.89 2850.000 995.40 996.68 2900.000 995.53 996.30 2950.000 996.42 996.50 3000.000 996.13 996.50 3050.000 995.92 996.00 3100.000 995.90 995.90 3150.000 996.45 996.45 3200.000 996.81 996.81 3250.000 995.88 995.88 3300.000 995.83 995.83 3350.000 996.21 996.21 3400.000 994.93 995.33 3450.000 994.39 994.80 3500.000 995.00 996.52 3550.000 994.41 995.82 3600.000 994.17 995.92 3650.000 994.61 996.31 3700.000 994.15 996.80 3750.000 995.04 995.70 3800.000 995.22 996.15 3850.000 995.56 997.22 3900.000 995.47 1000.27 3950.000 994.59 995.48 4000.000 994.61 995.69 4050.000 994.68 995.84 4100.000 994.54 995.03 4150.000 994.52 995.16 4200.000 995.48 995.54 4250.000 995.78 995.66 4300.000 995.21 995.31 4344.500 994.10 994.10 4347.500 993.27 993.27 Nam Khok Creek 4350.000 993.50 993.50 4400.000 994.83 994.83 4450.000 994.23 994.23 4477.000 992.86 992.86 :reek 4500.000 993.41 993.41 4550.000 993.08 993.08 4600.000 992.38 992.38 4650.000 991.9 991.9 4700.000 993.04 ' 993.04 4750.000 993.02 993.02 4800.000 992.45 992.45 4850.000 993.14 993.14 4900.000 993.70 993.70 4950.000 993.42 993.42 5000.000 993.62 993.62 5050.000 993.20 993.20 5100.000 992.62 992.62 5150.000 992.25 992.25 5200.000 992.50 992.50 5250.000 991.32 991.32 5300.000 991.83 991.83 .,5350.000 990.91 990.91 5400.000 990.65 990.65 5450.000 989.63 989.63 5500.000 988.51 988.51 5550.000 987.93 987.93 5600.000 988.15 988.15 5650.000 988.18 988.18 5700.000 988.87 988.87 5750.000 989.49 989.49 5800.000 990.14 990.14 5809.000 989.98 989.98 Canal End 11 DETAIL DRAWING OF CANALS SCALE 1:50 CANAL-1 CANAL-2 CUT SLOPE (TURFING)' CUT SLOPE (TURFING) I Inspection Rood (3.00) •0.75m Water Depth 0.75m Water Depth ALL DIEMSIONS ARE IN METER. SPECIFICATION CANAL-1 CANAL-2 CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF CANAL (I/) 1.330 1.530 CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF WATER (M1) (A) 0.938 1.088 BED SLOPE (S) 1.300 1.400 PERIMETER (P) 2.582 Z782 HYDRAULIC RADIUS (R-£) 0.363 0.391 WATER FLOW (75X OF CANAL DEPTH) 0.750 0.750 DETAILS OF CATCH DRAIN, CUT DRAIN, BENCHING AND CANAL. CATCH DRAIN CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA FOR VARIOUS HIGH >0 <3 ^"^ > 3 <6 v», > 6 <9 VAj+A, >9 < 12 V2AZ+A, > 12 < 15 VJA.+A, A,- l£x 1 *3 - 1.60 > 15 < 18 »j+W,+A, > 18 < 21 V5A2+A, > 21 < 24 A^VA, > 2« 27 A^Aj+A, SCALE 1:100 ALL DIEMSIONS ARE IN METCR. m-OOK «-o*e '-OOCC U--MIC c\. '-OOCI m-OOtl f ! § i DETAILED PROGRAMME COST Annex G A detailed breakdown of the programme costs are outlined below. The total cost of the irrigation and land development for food security in the Mong Kar Township will be US$1,168,870 over 18 months. B.L.10 PROGRAMME PERSONNEL B.L.I 1 International training personnel Two international trainers will provide farmers with training in rice cultivation, construction and management of the second canal. 2002: 10,000 (1 months) x 2 pax 20,000 2003: 10,000 (4 months) x 2 pax 80,000 2004: 10,000 (1 months) x 2 pax 20,000 Subtotal 120,000 B.L.15 Trainers' travel cost: Two trainers will travel by airplane and 4 WD car between Yangon and the project site. 2002: (1 trip x 2 Pax x USD 300) 600 2003: (2 trips x 2 Pax x USD 300) 1,200 2004: (1 trip x 2 Pax x USD 300) 600 Subtotal 2,400 B.L.17 Local Personnel Payments B.L.17-01 The programme will support a full time irrigation engineer. He will be based in Mong Kar and will supervise the construction of the canal. He will also organize irrigation system training for key farmers. Payment will be made at a rate of USD 700. 2002: USD700 x 3 months 2,100 2003: USD700 x 12 months 8,400 2004: USD700 x 3 months 2,100 Subtotal 12,600 B.L. 17-02 The programme will support a full time land development expert. He will be based in Mong Kar Township and will implement the land development activities using GIS technologies and prepare cadastral maps for local authorities. He will also organize water management training for users' groups. Page 1 of6 2002: USD700 x 3 months 2,100 2003: USD700 x 12 months 8,400 2004: USD700 x 3 months 2,100 Subtotal 12,600 B.L. 17-03 The programme will support a full time agronomist. He will be based in Mong Kar and will implement the monsoon and summer rice activities and give training to the farmers about double cropping. 2002 :USD700x 3 months 2,100 2003: USD700 x 12 months 8,400 2004: USD700 x 3 months 2,100 Subtotal 12,600 B.L .20 SUBCONTRACTS B.L. 21 Local subcontracts Construction of main canal to be done by contractor as detailed in annex A. 2002: _ 437,500 _ Subtotal 437,500 jr-?:;/:, - ^437300 B.L. 30 TRAINING B.L. 32 Study tours B.L. 32-01 Study tour to visit the site of similar irrigation system in Myanmar (Shan State) and China (Yunnan Province) for six local authorities and four project staff Transportation for 10 pax 400 Accommodation and meals: 5 days x 6 pax x USD 20 600 Materials: USD 10 x 10 pax 100 Cost per tour: 1,100 2002: (1 study tour) 1,100 2003: (1 study tour) 1,100 Subtotal 2,200 B.L. 34 Seminar and workshop Page 2 of6 B.L. 34-01 Training for water users' groups and water management Transportation: (lump sum) 300 Accommodation: USD 10 x 30 pax x 2 days 600 Materials: USD 5x30 pax 150 Cost per workshop : 1,050 2002:1 workshop 1,050 2003:2 workshops 2,100 2004:1 workshop 1,050 B.L. 34-02 Training and cross visit for 30 per batch (total 150) farmers on new method of rice cultivation Transportation: (lump sum) 300 Accommodation: USD 10 x 30 pax x4 days 1,200 Materials: USD 10 x 30 pax 300 Cost per workshop : 1,800 2002: 2 workshops for summer rice 3,600 2003: 2 workshops for 1 Monsoon rice + 1 summer rice 3,600 2004:1 workshops for Monsoon rice 1,800 Subtotal 13,200 B.L. 34-03 Food for work1 for construction of the secondary, and tertiary canals and water management. 2002: US$100 x 100 farmers x 3 months 30,000 2003: US$100 x 125 farmers x 12 months 150,000 2004: US$100 x 100 farmers x 2 months 20,000 Subtotal 200,000 ' In order not to unduly distort the local economic conditions, the reimbursement for work (US$ 100 per month in food or cash) has been kept in line with the standard labour fee in the Wa region (US$ 4 a day). The amount offered exceeds the average annual income of US$ 232 per household derived from opium poppy cultivation, since opium is not the main source of income. A farmer's main occupation is the cultivation of diverse food crops such as rice, buckwheat, peas, corn, onions and potatoes to sustain a living for him and his family. Only because of the shortfall of any of those basic food crops, especially the main crop rice, the farmer will engage in opium cultivation as a cash crop to compensate this shortfall by purchasing rice or other commodities (e.g. tea, salt, oil). During the work on the canal, the farmer will have to give up both his traditional farming and opium farming, leading to a temporary loss of income. Hence, the need for an attractive yet fair incentive. Food will be used as reimbursement for work only during the period of land development and will permit farmers, after planting rice in the irrigated area, to sustain themselves and their families till the next rice crop harvest. Furthermore, it is more appropriate to provide food than cash, to ensure that the entire family benefit and the money is not diverted to less beneficial means. It is also intended to ensure that farmers and their families have access to food, which may not be available in the markets due to market distortions and or failures. The concept of food or cash for work is a popular scheme and practice in Asia. Page 3 of6 B.L. 35 Meetings 35-01 Annual review meeting in Keng Tung or Pang Kham2 Transportation and airfares USD 300 x 6 Pax3 (Yangon- Kentung- Yangon) 1,800 Local transportation for 6 Pax' 300 Materials: USD 5 x 20 pax 100 Accommodations USD 10x10 pax 100 Cost per meeting : 2,300 2003: (1 meeting) 2,300 2004: (1 meeting) 2,300 Subtotal 4,600 B.L. 40 EQUIPMENT B.L. 41 Expendable equipment B.L. 41-01 Expendable for monsoon rice demonstration Land development & plot formation 1 80 ha4 x 250 USD 45,000 2002: 45,000 2002: 45,000 Subtotal 90,000 B.L. 41-02 Expendable equipment for training purposes (summer and monsoon rice) 2002: Monsoon Rice Seeds 180 ha x 45 USD 8,100 Monsoon Rice Fertilizer 180 ha x 180 USD 32,400 Milling Machine 1 no. 2,500 2003: Summer Rice Seeds 100 ha x 45 USD 4,500 Summer Rice Fertilizer 100 ha x 180 USD 18,000 Monsoon Rice Seeds 180 ha x 45 USD 8,100 Monsoon Rice Fertilizer 180 ha x 180 USD 32,400 Tology (mini tractor) 5 nos. x 1000 USD 5,000 Threshers 10 nos.x 300 USD 3,000 2004: Summer Rice Seeds 100 ha x 45 USD 4,500 Summer Rice Fertilizer 100 ha x 180 USD 18,000 Milling Machine 2 no. 5,000 2 Also known as Pang Sang 3 Attendants for Annual Meeting: I UNDCP Representative, 1 person from UNDCP Yangon backstopping the project, 1 person from CCDAC (Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control), 1 person from Natala (Progress of Border Areas and National Races Department), 1 person from Japanese Embassy and 1 translator. 4 Project will demonstrate and train farmers on 180 ha and the rest 500 ha will be done independently by farmers who will have learnt from the training. Page 4 of6 Tology (mini tractor) 5 nos. x 1000 USD 5,000 Threshers lOnos.x 300 USD 3,000 2002: 43,000 2003: 71,000 2004: 35.500 Subtotal 149,500 B.L. 41-03 fencing and small equipment Barbed wire 500 rolls x 5USD 2,500 Weeders 100 no. x 5 USD 500 2002: 3,000 2003: (other fields fenced) 3,000 Subtotal 6,000 ' B.L. 50 MISCELLANEOUS B.L. 52 Report and Printing costs B.L. 52-01 Preparation of printing of cadastre maps and canal map 5,000 (Field survey data collection US $ 4000 Maps preparation using GIS technology US $ 1000) 60 Land use map preparation review of local authorities 3,200 {Two sets of 60 maps and plastification for review by local authorities (US$ 53.33 *60)} Soil analysis before development and for agriculture 5,000 (Preparation of a report on analysis of PH and nutrient content of soil samples.) Data collection and preparation of 70 topographic maps for irrigation network. 4000 (Maps preparation and printing for secondary and tertiary canals) Geographic information system material 6,000 (Land use maps for the entire Mong Kar catchment prepared with the use of geographic information echnology and satellite imagery combined with ground tnithing.) 2002: 5,800 2003: 11,600 2004: 5,800 Subtotal 23,200 Page 5 of 6 B.L. 53 Sundries B.L. 53-01 Communication and other costs for maintenance and upgrade of the Mong Kar Liaison Office: Telephone charges USD2,000 Electricity USD2,000 Water supply USD 500 Basic lodging facility for project staff members USD 1,500 2002: 1,500 2003: 3,000 2004: 1,500 Subtotal 6,000 2002: 7,300 2003: 14,600 2004: 7,300 29,200 B.L. 90 PROJECT TOTAL 2002: 598,450 2003: 399,100 2004: 94,850 B.L. 90-99 TOTAL BUDGET OF PROJECT 1,092,400 B.L. 93 UNDCP Project Support Cost* (7%) 2002: 41,892 2003: 27,937 2004: 6,640 B.L. 93-99 PSC TOTAL 76,469 B.L. 99 GRAND TOTAL 1,168,869 * administrative and operational overhead costs Page 6 of6i. S 0 Earth excavation for canal s 5 f-t CO S | § •S I 1 a. o W 03 w o a > 03 inspection path and slide slo c ID o cutting 13 T3 '3