Appendix! Fyodor Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov*

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendix! Fyodor Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov* Appendix! Fyodor Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov* (In memory of Dr Nicolas M. Zernov, 1898-1980) The volume and scope of critical and commentarial literature devoted to Dostoevsky's thought in the century since his death is clear evidence of the richness and complexity encountered in his works. In the figure of Vladimir Solovyov - both in his person and his writings - we also encounter a high degree of complexity. Tracing the patterns of his thought, we find certain tensions and a number of striking incongruities. Here was - a man who was, at heart, a monarchist, but aroused the anger and suspicions of the Tsar and Holy Synod through his advocacy of theocratic government; a man who embraced so much that was characteristic of the Slavophiles, and yet was a staunch supporter of their arch-enemy, Peter the Great; a man so seemingly keen to reaffirm the worth of contemplative spirituality, but who personally resisted the decision to join a monastery, a step that he at one time regarded as 'flight' from the world. Those who knew Solovyov at first hand stressed what they regarded either as his sanctity or his eccentricity (his chudachestvo ). Accounts of the excitement generated by his university lectures on philosophy certainly show that he commanded a surprising degree of authority and respect. On the other hand, Solovyov had to contend with numerous uncharitable gibes and with accusations to the effect that he had set himself up as a 'prophet'. Perhaps his best response to adverse criticism of this kind was to deflate his *A Paper delivered at the VI Symposium of the International Dostoevsky Society, 9-16 August 1986, University of Nottingham. For Solovyov's and Dostoevsky's friendship and relations, see Chapter 2. 185 186 Appendix I opponents' words by means of self-parody- a device to which he frequently resorted. Problems of assessment are actually aggravated by the fact that, on occasion, one and the same feature of Solovyov's personality evoked entirely opposite responses in those who knew him. His very distinctive laughter was noted in the memoirs of numerous contemporaries: some accounts mention it as evidence of the philosopher's childlike simplicity and of his appreciative, accepting response to life. Vasiliy Rozanov, on the other hand, described Solovyov's laughter as 'manic' and even 'demonic', a 'hysterical' laughter that betrayed a man on the edge of despair. Reviewing the third volume of Solovyov's published correspondence, Rozanov took the loneliness and isolation expressed in those letters as likely contributing factors to an overall sense of failure and consequent despair. Rozanov speaks, even, of an 'icy mask' (ledyanaya maska) behind which the lonely philo!(pher hid, shielding himself as far as possible from any painful contact with the world. The image of Solovyov as 'distant from the world' is especially relevant. Most commentators who employed this image sought to invest it with positive connotations. In showing Solovyoy as the rootless 'wanderer' (strannik) and homeless 'pilgrim', a man 'not of this world' (ne ot mira sego), they intended to convey that he was a mystic whose sole concern was to penetrate the secrets of the spiritual world. There is certainly a sense in which Solovyov belongs to the Russian tradition of 'God-seekers' (bogoiskateli), and to that extent the image of 'wanderer' and 'pilgrim' is both useful and telling. However, a close study of his life and writings establishes that the image of Solovyov as a mystic completely apart from the world is seriously misleading. His philosophy depended upon a recognition of the world's imperfections, hence the possibility of a comparison between him and Dostoevsky. Solovyov neither sought to shun the evils and suffering of earthly existence, nor valued the forms of spirituality that excluded recognition of these. We can gauge what Solovyov valued most by noting the qualities that he praised in other thinkers. He believed that Dostoevsky exemplified certain of the greatest strengths of Christian thought and spirituality, and his praise of this author's insights and achievements represents one important facet of Solovyov's own extensive reaffirmation of Christian values. Dostoevsky's and Solovyov's preoccupations may be considered Appendix I 187 under five prominent and inter-related headings: those of faith, the Good, prophecy, sobornost' and active love. In 1881, the year of Dostoevsky's death, and in the two subsequent years, Solovyov paid tribute to him in three speeches or lectures, published in his Collected Works under the title Three Speeches in Memory of F. M. Dostoevsky (Tri rechi v pamyat' F. M. Dostoevskogo). The second of these speeches contains a passage that brings together three of our themes- faith, the Good, and prophecy -and implicitly contains the notions of sobornost' and active love as well. The passage allows us to reflect upon Dostoevsky's Christian message, and also reveals much about the cast of Solovyov's mind, showing how he revered Dostoevsky not just in his own right, but as a 'spiritual type'. It is quite plain, in the three speeches, that Solovyov regarded Dostoevsky's spirituality as having a singularly beneficial and correct emphasis. The key passage reads as follows: Church-based and private Christianity is a reality- it is a fact. Universal Christianity is not as yet a reality: it is just a task [goal] to be achieved, and what a huge task, one that apparently goes beyond the capacities of man. As things stand at present, all the general affairs of men- politics, learning, art, social organisation - existing independent of any Christian principle, disrupt and divide people instead of uniting them, because all these affairs are conducted on the basis of egoism and personal gain, rivalry and struggle, and they breed oppression and violence. Such is reality, such is fact. But the merit and the whole significance of such people as Dostoevsky reside precisely in that they do not bow down before the force of fact and they do not serve that force. Set against this crude force of 'that which exists', they possess the spiritual force of faith in truth and goodness - in 'that which ought to exist'. Not to be led astray by the apparent domination of evil, and not to renounce the inapparent good on account of it, is a feat of faith. Man's entire strength resides in this. Whoever is incapable of this feat will achieve nothing and will have no word to address to humanity. Those people who acknowledge fact [alone] live by the grace of others, but it is not they who create life. It is the people of faith who create life. These are the people known as dreamers, utopians and holy fools - these are the prophets, truly the best people and the leaders of humanity. Today we commemorate such a person. 188 Appendix I Solovyov was not the first to eulogise Dostoevsky and to view him as a prophet or visionary, but his observations place a singular emphasis upon faith and upon Dostoevsky's extraordinary capacity for faith. Solovyov had the opportunity to develop and expound his understanding of faith and prophecy in later works, such as his The History and Future of Theocracy. It should be noted, however, that all his subsequent statements are entirely consistent with the affirmation we find in the Three Speeches in Memory of F. M. Dostoevsky, namely this: the Prophet is distinguished by the fact that, when confronted by the apparent domination of evil, he maintains faith in the ultimate victory of the Good. Solovyov certainly viewed Dostoevsky as representative of that special faith. It may be helpful, at this point, to enumerate the main areas of agreement between Dostoevsky and Solovyov. Both men developed a messianic view in which Russia featured as the rightful guardian of authentic Christian values. Those values - they believed- require application both at the collective and individual levels. Failure to preserve Christian values would, in their view, result in the loss of freedom, in men's subjugation to purely utilitarian ideologies which ridicule the very notion of human autonomy. Both Dostoevsky and Solovyov were aware of the conflicting tendencies in the human will, towards self-assertion and self-denial. While both men associated genuine self-denial with spiritual health, it was Dostoevsky who - in his fiction - exposed the various ways in which the self-assertive will can convincingly simulate self-denial and undermine virtuous motives. This capacity of the self-assertive will to simulate its very opposite is also effectively suggested by Solovyov in his portrayal of the Antichrist in A Short Story about Antichrist. The philosopher and the novelist particularly coincide in their understanding of the destructive effects of alienation, isolation and individuation (otchuzhdenie and obosoblenie). Both men also agreed on the absolute centrality and importance of moral responsibility, linking this directly to men's temptation to displace God-man (bogochelovek) and to assert the rights of man-god (chelovekobog). One further important area of comparison is the prominence of apocalyptic thought in their overall conception of the world. As regards the major differences between Dostoevsky and Solovyov, one may point to Solovyov's trust in reason and also to his greater optimism concerning the actual realization of the Kingdom of God on earth within the course and framework of human history. Appendix I 189 Various biographers and commentators such as Ernest Radlov, Sergey Solovyov the philosopher's nephew, and Lev Shestov, have drawn attention to marked differences in character and tempera­ ment between the two men, which admirers of Solovyov have tended to overlook. What is especially noteworthy, if one considers all the available biographical evidence, is that in the very last years Dostoevsky appears to have moved towards greater equanimity, whereas in his last years Solovyov experienced and moved towards greater tension.
Recommended publications
  • Friedrich Nietzche on the Way of Recurrence to Oneself
    Friedrich Nietzche on the Way of Recurrence to Oneself Natalya Shelkovaia 1 Instead of a Preface1 In a very difficult period of my life, short thoughts and aphorisms about the nature of a person and the world began to come to my mind. At first, I wrote them down on sheets of paper, then I got a big notebook, which eventually grew into a big book. While composing this “Diary of Thoughts” at some point the name “The Way of Recurrence to Oneself” occurred to me. Later, when I read works by the mystics, I noticed that “recurrence to oneself” was the goal of a mystical spiritual action. And more recently, carefully reading Friedrich Nietzsche’s works and working on them, I noticed again that for Nietzsche “re- currence to oneself” has been the aim of spiritual practice: “Lonely one, you go the way to yourself!”2 Only “recurring” to oneself can one be considered, accord- ing to Nietzsche, a super-human, a new person. Although, based on the idea of eternal recurrence, rooted in antiquity and reanimated by Nietzsche, the new person is only a regenerated, primordial one. And what is interesting: those works about Nietzsche, which seemed the most appealing and close to me in spirit, were, rather, not studies of his work, not “works about Nietzsche,” but “co-thinking, co-feeling with Nietzsche.” This implies similarity between their authors’ “vital world” (Lebenswelt) and that of Nietzsche. I saw this in Lev Shestov’s article, “The Good in the Teaching of Count Tolstoy and Friedrich Nietzsche,”3 in Andrei Bely’s article “Friedrich Nietzsche,”4 in the article by Vladimir N.
    [Show full text]
  • Seven Atheisms
    SEVEN ATHEISMS Andrew Walker SEVEN ATHEISMS Exploring the varieties of atheism in John Gray’s book Seven Types of Atheism Andrew Walker Emeritus Professor of Theology, Culture and Education, King’s College London Christian Evidence Society christianevidence.org Text copyright © Andrew Walker 2019 Published by the Christian Evidence Society, London, 2019 christianevidence.com All rights reserved Editing and design: Simon Jenkins Cover photograph by PhotoDu.de / CreativeDomainPhotography.com. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license Contents Introduction 5 The seven atheisms 19th century atheism 6 Secular humanism 8 Science as religion 12 Modern politicial religion 15 God-haters 18 Atheism without progress 22 The atheism of silence 25 Conclusion 27 Index 30 Introduction John Gray’s Seven Types of Atheism (Allen Lane, 2018) is an important book for both religious and non-religious readers. John Gray, who describes himself as an atheist, is nevertheless critical of most versions of atheism. His attitude to atheism is the same as his attitude to certain types of religion. This attitude is predicated upon Gray’s conviction that human beings are intrinsically dissatisfied and unpredictable creatures who can never get along with each other for any length of time. His view is based on a reading of human nature that sails close to the wind of the Christian concept of original sin, and is out of step with most modern forms of atheism. In particular, Gray is allergic to any forms of cultural progress in human behaviour especially if they are couched in positivistic or evolutionary terms. 5 ATHEISM 1 19th century atheism Gray sets out his stall in his first chapter, ‘The New Atheism: A Nineteenth- century Orthodoxy’.
    [Show full text]
  • Dmitri Shostakovich Symphony No
    Booklet_ODE1109 sos 3 10/01/08 13:35 Page 1 THE PHILADELPHIA ORCHESTRA CHRISTOPH ESCHENBACH Dmitri Shostakovich Symphony No. 5 Seven Romances on Poems of Alexander Blok Yvonne Naef,mezzo-soprano Juliette Kang,violin Hai-Ye Ni,cello CHristoph EschenbacH,piano Booklet_ODE1109 sos 3 10/01/08 13:35 Page 2 ESCHENBACH CHRISTOPH • ORCHESTRA H bac hen c s PHILADELPHIA E THE oph st i r H C 2 Booklet_ODE1109 sos 3 10/01/08 13:35 Page 3 Dmitri ShostakovicH (1906–1975) Symphony No. 5 Seven Romances in D minor,Op. 47 (1937) on Poems of Alexander Blok,Op. 127 (1967) ESCHENBACH 1 I.Moderato – Allegro 5 I.Ophelia’s Song 3:01 non troppo 17:37 6 II.Gamayun,Bird of Prophecy 3:47 2 II.Allegretto 5:49 7 III.THat Troubled Night… 3:22 3 III.Largo 16:25 8 IV.Deep in Sleep 3:05 4 IV.Allegro non troppo 12:23 9 V.The Storm 2:06 bu VI.Secret Signs 4:40 CHRISTOPH • bl VII.Music 5:36 The Philadelphia Orchestra Yvonne Naef,mezzo-soprano CHristoph EschenbacH,conductor Juliette Kang,violin* Hai-Ye Ni ,cello* CHristoph EschenbacH ,piano ORCHESTRA *members of The Philadelphia Orchestra [78:15] Live Recordings:Philadelphia,Verizon Hall,September 2006 (Symphony No. 5) & Perelman Theater,May 2007 (Seven Romances) Executive Producer:Kevin Kleinmann Recording Producer:MartHa de Francisco Balance Engineer and Editing:Jean-Marie Geijsen – PolyHymnia International Recording Engineer:CHarles Gagnon Musical Editors:Matthijs Ruiter,Erdo Groot – PolyHymnia International PHILADELPHIA Piano:Hamburg Steinway prepared and provided by Mary ScHwendeman Publisher:Boosey & Hawkes Ondine Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • BETWEEN PHILOSOPHIES: the EMERGENCE of a NEW INTELLECTUAL PARADIGM in RUSSIA by Alyssa J. Deblasio Bachelor of Arts, Villanova
    BETWEEN PHILOSOPHIES: THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW INTELLECTUAL PARADIGM IN RUSSIA by Alyssa J. DeBlasio Bachelor of Arts, Villanova University, 2003 Master of Arts, University of Pittsburgh, 2006 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2010 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH School of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by Alyssa J. DeBlasio It was defended on May 14, 2010 and approved by Tatiana Artemyeva, Professor, Herzen State Pedagogical University (St. Petersburg, Russia), Department of Theory and History of Culture Vladimir Padunov, Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures James P. Scanlan, Emeritus Professor, The Ohio State University, Department of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Nancy Condee, Associate Professor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures ii Copyright © by Alyssa J. DeBlasio 2010 iii BETWEEN PHILOSOPHIES: THE EMERGENCE OF A NEW INTELLECTUAL PARADIGM IN RUSSIA Alyssa J. DeBlasio, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2010 This dissertation takes as its primary task the evaluation of a conflict of paradigms in Russian philosophical thought in the past decade. If until the early nineties Russian philosophers were often guilty of uncritically attributing to their domestic philosophy a set of characteristics that fell along the lines of a religious/secular binary (e.g. literary vs. analytic; continuous vs. ruptured), in recent years the same scholarship is moving away from the nineteenth-century model of philosophy as a “path” or “special mission,” as it has been called by Konstantin Aksakov, Aleksei Khomiakov, Ivan Kireevskii, and later, Nikolai Berdiaev, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • A Data Analysis Tool for the Corpus of Russian Poetry
    Olga Lyashevskaya, Kristina Litvintseva, Ekaterina Vlasova, Eugenia Sechina A DATA ANALYSIS TOOL FOR THE CORPUS OF RUSSIAN POETRY BASIC RESEARCH PROGRAM WORKING PAPERS SERIES: LINGUISTICS WP BRP 77/LNG/2018 This Working Paper is an output of a research project implemented at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE). Any opinions or claims contained in this Working Paper do not necessarily reflect the views of HSE. SERIES: LINGUISTICS ​ Olga Lyashevskaya1, Kristina Litvintseva2, Ekaterina Vlasova3, Eugenia Sechina4 A Data Analysis Tool for the Corpus of Russian Poetry5 A data analysis tool of the Corpus of Russian Poetry (a part of the Russian National Corpus) is designed for quantitative research in various areas of versology and linguistics aspects of the poetic texts. The core part, a frequency database of the corpus, includes annotation at the level of texts, verses, words as well as patterns of words, letters, and stress. The tool allows a user to study certain properties (e. g. rhyming patterns, lexical co-occurrence) taken alone and in their interaction, both in the whole corpus and in subcorpora. Besides that, it facilitates the contrastive studies of two chosen subcorpora. The paper reports a few case studies demonstrating applicable descriptive and exploratory methods and potential for further research in the field of the digital literary studies. JEL Classification: Z. Keywords: poetic corpora, quantitative linguistics, lexical markers, lexical diversity, rhyme, ​ linguistic poetics, versology, Russian language, Russian National Corpus 1. Introduction Russian versology has always heavily relied on statistics data as the basis for predictions and generalizations on meter, rhyme, and other formal and linguistic features of poetic language (see Gasparov 2005, Taranovsky 2010, Jakobson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Poets and the October Revolution: Alexander Blok, Sergey Yesenin, Mikhail Kuzmin and Others
    Sylaiev, O., Razumenko, I., Tararak, O., Vorozhbit-Horbatiuk, V., Prokopchuk, I. / Volume 9 - Issue 27: 436-444 / March, 2020 436 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.48 Russian Poets and the October Revolution: Alexander Blok, Sergey Yesenin, Mikhail Kuzmin and Others Русские поэты и Октябрьская революция: Александр Блок, Сергей Есенин, Михаил Кузьмин и другие Poetas rusos y la revolución de octubre: Alexander Blok, Sergey Yesenin, Mikhail Kuzmin y otros Received: January 22, 2020 Accepted: March 21, 2020 Written by: Oleksandr Sylaiev151 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2388-5951 Iryna Razumenko152 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3221-4340 Oleksandr Tararak153 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9740-0750 Viktoriia Vorozhbit-Horbatiuk154 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5138-9226 Inna Prokopchuk155 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9353-2169 Abstract Аннотация The article considers the question of the В статье рассматривается вопрос об идейно- ideological and creative evolution of famous творческой эволюции известных русских Russian poets at a turning point in the history of поэтов на переломном этапе истории ХХ the twentieth century - during the years of the столетия – в годы активного формирования active formation of a totalitarian state system тоталитарного государственного устройства и and its aesthetic socialist-realist doctrine. его эстетической соцреалистической Revolutionary maximalism, the idea of a доктрины. Революционный максимализм, идея complete renewal of all being, came not only полного обновления всего бытия шла не только from Marxism and the Bolsheviks, but was also от марксизма и большевиков, но prepared by literature, long before the подготавливалась и литературой, задолго до revolution, it had already “artistically matured” революции уже «вызрела» художественно в in the poetry of Alexander Blok, Sergey поэзии Александра Блока, Сергея Есенина, Yesenin, Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Осипа Мандельштама, Владимира Mayakovsky and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature of Absence and the Experience of Evil (Container by Marek Bieńczyk, Is Not by Mariusz Szczygieł, and Things I Didn’T Throw out by Marcin Wicha)
    56 (1/2020), pp. 101–117 The Polish Journal DOI: 10.19205/56.20.6 of Aesthetics Maciej Michalski* Literature of Absence and the Experience of Evil (Container by Marek Bieńczyk, Is Not by Mariusz Szczygieł, and Things I Didn’t Throw Out by Marcin Wicha) Abstract The article discusses the way in which literature can address evil, understood as the expe- rience of absence and loss. The problem concerns artistic writing in general, as was stressed by Maurice Blanchot; but it also appears particularly in a collection of texts about absence, such as Container by Marek Bieńczyk, Is Not by Mariusz Szczygieł, and Things I Didn’t Throw Out by Marcin Wicha. At the same time, they are an attempt to fill the void through literary restitution of that which is lost. Keywords Literature, Evil, Loss, Absence, Marek Bieńczyk, Mariusz Szczygieł, Marcin Wicha The relationship of literature and evil (and perhaps even their strong con- nection—as will be discussed later) raises a number of questions and doubts. It may seem that by juxtaposing these two areas and notions, we arrive at a somewhat inadequate, vividly asymmetrical juxtaposition in which evil—an ethically important category—is juxtaposed with an area of sssss * University of Gdańsk Department of Theory of Literature and Art Criticism Institute of Polish Studies Email: [email protected] 102 Maciej Michalski __________________________________________________________________________________________________ artistic, perhaps merely ludic and reckless, activity. For this very reason, we approach this issue asymmetrically—not in terms of literature and evil, but rather of literature towards evil. One can regard evil, after Gabriel Marcel, not as a problem, and therefore something to be solved, but as a mystery (Mukoid 1993, 113), or assume after Lev Shestov that one cannot ask the question about the source of evil, as “there are questions whose significance lies precisely in the fact that they do not admit of answers because answers kill them” (Shestov 1928- 1937/1966, 230).
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Woolf's Reading Notes on Russian Literature
    APPENDICES Virginia Woolf’s Reading Notes on Russian Literature Transcribed and Edited by Roberta Rubenstein APPENDIX A Reading Notes on Dostoevsky’s The Possessed1 31 Dostoevsky. The Possessed 8 violence 9 ‘hate’ & love.2 the love of revelation & confession; 25 a society as the God.3 Ideas that strike them on the head. 1 Reading Notebook 14. Holograph. RN1.14. The Berg Collection. Contents of the notebook relate to what was eventually published as the essay, “Phases of Fiction” (1929). Pages numbered by Woolf, are 31, 32, 33, and 34. Transcription published with permission of the Estate of Virginia Woolf and the Henry W. and Albert A. Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations. A single loose, unnumbered page of Woolf’s notes on The Possessed, which overlaps significantly with page 31 of Reading Notebook 14, appears in Reading Notebook 46. At the top of the page is a crossed-out heading, “Turgenev— Lear of the Steppes,” beneath which Woolf wrote, “Dostoevsky The Possessed.” Holograph MH/ B2.n, Monks House Papers. Transcription published with permission of the Estate of Virginia Woolf and Monks House Papers, University of Sussex. As Brenda Silver observes, “Given the large amount of reading, rereading, writing, and revising that Woolf did for [The Common Reader, Second Series, “Phases of Fiction,” and several other projects], it is not surprising that her notes from this period are scattered among several notebooks . .” (Virginia Woolf’s Reading Notebooks 215–16). Passages cited in Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Possessed: A Novel in Three Parts, are from Constance Garnett’s translation from the Russian (New York: Macmillan, 1916).
    [Show full text]
  • Construction and Tradition: the Making of 'First Wave' Russian
    Construction and Tradition: The Making of ‘First Wave’ Russian Émigré Identity A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the Department of History from The College of William and Mary by Mary Catherine French Accepted for ____Highest Honors_______________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) ________________________________________ Frederick C. Corney, Director ________________________________________ Tuska E. Benes ________________________________________ Alexander Prokhorov Williamsburg, VA May 3, 2007 ii Table of Contents Introduction 1 Part One: Looking Outward 13 Part Two: Looking Inward 46 Conclusion 66 Bibliography 69 iii Preface There are many people to acknowledge for their support over the course of this process. First, I would like to thank all members of my examining committee. First, my endless gratitude to Fred Corney for his encouragement, sharp editing, and perceptive questions. Sasha Prokhorov and Tuska Benes were generous enough to serve as additional readers and to share their time and comments. I also thank Laurie Koloski for her suggestions on Romantic Messianism, and her lessons over the years on writing and thinking historically. Tony Anemone provided helpful editorial comments in the very early stages of the project. Finally, I come to those people who sustained me through the emotionally and intellectually draining aspects of this project. My parents have been unstinting in their encouragement and love. I cannot express here how much I owe Erin Alpert— I could not ask for a better sounding board, or a better friend. And to Dan Burke, for his love and his support of my love for history. 1 Introduction: Setting the Stage for Exile The history of communities in exile and their efforts to maintain national identity without belonging to a recognized nation-state is a recurring theme not only in general histories of Europe, but also a significant trend in Russian history.
    [Show full text]
  • 33536 SP WEB FM 00I-Xii.Indd
    Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind Edited by MICHEL WEBER AND ANDERSON WEEKES Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind SUNY series in Philosophy George R. Lucas Jr., editor Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind Edited by Michel Weber and Anderson Weekes Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2009 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production by Cathleen Collins Marketing by Anne M. Valentine Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Process approaches to consciousness in psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind / edited by Michel Weber and Anderson Weekes. p. cm. — (SUNY series in philosophy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4384-2941-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Consciousness. 2. Process philosophy. 3. Psychology. 4. Neurosciences. 5. Philosophy of mind. I. Weber, Michel. II. Weekes, Anderson, 1960– B808.9.P77 2010 126—dc22 2009010131 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In memoria ingentis ingenii, dedicamus librum hunc ad Alecem MDCDLXXVI – MMVII vi Contents For much of the twentieth century, all sciences, including biology, were obsessed with reductionism: viewing the world at all levels, from the smallest to the largest, as merely a machine made of parts.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY of AMERICA Sexual-Spousal Love In
    THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA Sexual-Spousal Love in the Theological Anthropology of V. S. Soloviev: Systematic Analysis and Recent Roman Catholic Interpretation A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Faculty of the School of Theology and Religious Studies Of The Catholic University of America In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By John Romanowsky Washington, D.C. 2011 Sexual-Spousal Love in the Theological Anthropology of V. S. Soloviev: Systematic Analysis and Recent Roman Catholic Interpretation John Romanowsky, Ph.D. Director: Peter Casarella, Ph.D. This dissertation analyzes V. S. Soloviev’s theological anthropology of sexual- spousal love and assesses its value as a resource for Roman Catholic theology as illustrated in the work of Angelo Cardinal Scola and Hans Urs von Balthasar. It includes the following elements. First, it presents a biography of Soloviev and an overview of the development of his theory of sexual-spousal love in all relevant texts. Second, it analyzes his methodology of “free theosophy.” Third, it examines the theoretical foundations of his theory, including his Trinitarian metaphysics of “all-unity,” his theology of Christ’s divine-humanity, and his aesthetics of “free theurgy.” Fourth, it provides an analysis of his theory of human love in general and sexual-spousal love in particular. Fifth, it assesses how Soloviev is used as a resource for contemporary Roman Catholic theological anthropology in Scola’s work, The Nuptial Mystery, and von Balthasar’s essay, “Soloviev” in The Glory of the Lord, identifying key positive and negative elements. Soloviev argues that the meaning of sexual-spousal love is the realization of the imago Dei or authentic personhood as revealed in “true marriage” and participates in the “great mystery” of Christ’s union with the Church (Ephesians 5:32).
    [Show full text]
  • The Portrayal of the German in Russian Novels
    Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 42 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Robert Kenneth Schulz The Portrayal of the German in Russian Novels Gončarov, Turgenev, Dostoevskij, Tolstoj Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbHRobert. Kenneth Schulz - 978-3-95479-357-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:48:09AM via free access 00046799 S lavistische B eiträge ,J. Holthusen ־ f P. Diels, München ־ Unter Mitwirkung von M. Braun, Göttingen W. Lettenbauer, Freiburg/Br. J. Matl, Graz ־ E, Koschmieder, München ־ München ,L. Sadnik-Aitzetmüller ־ F. W. Neumann, Mainz • K.-H. Pollok, Regensburg J. Schütz, Erlangen ־ Saarbrücken HERAUSGEGEBEN VON A. SCHMAUS, MÜNCHEN Technische Redaktion: P. Rehder, München Band 42 ו Robert Kenneth Schulz - 978-3-95479-357-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:48:09AM via free access ROBERT KENNETH SCHULZ THE PORTRAYAL OF THE GERMAN IN RUSSIAN NOVELS — GONČAROV, TURGENEV, DOSTOEVSKIJ, TOLSTOJ— VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1969 Robert Kenneth Schulz - 978-3-95479-357-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:48:09AM via free access Bayerisch• SM3tsbłWlothek München Copyright by Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1969 Abteilung der Fa. Kubon & Sagner, München Druck: Fa. W. u. I.M. Salzer 8 München 2, Schleißheimer Straße 20 Robert Kenneth Schulz - 978-3-95479-357-0 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/11/2019 09:48:09AM via free access 00046799 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I.
    [Show full text]