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Mystical Dimensions of Islam
by ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL MYSTICAL DIMENSIONS OF ISLAM The Universit y of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill 244 / SUFI ORDERS AND FRATERNITIES very popular, but fo r him the samdc was mainly a practical device to dissipate the lust of the dervishes, which might otherwise find other, more dangerous ways of distraction. Abu Sa cid's name is , or rather was , usually connecte d wit h th e first examples of Persian mystical poetry. He is the alleged author of a number o f poem s in which the ruba'i, quatrain, with it s rhyme scheme a a x a, is used as a vehicle for mystical thought. We ca n b e quite sure that none of the quatrains formerly attributed t o him are actually his ; according t o hi s ow n statement , his love-intoxicate d teacher Bishr ibn Yasin was the author o f such verses—a genre tha t later became very popular. 20 A true representative of early Sufi poetry in quatrains, thoug h i n a popular meter and vernacular speech, is Baba Tahir, who died i n Khorramabad in the first part of the eleventh century. 21 Abu Sa cid passed away in 1049 . It is said that on his deathbed h e bestowed his khirqa t o Ahmad-i Jam Zandapil , who was just abou t to be born. Ahmad-i Jam was a Persian saint who was the opposite of Ab u Sa cld i n almos t ever y respect: stern , prou d o f his mystical power, drawing people to repentance, not t o love, and ofte n usin g his spiritual strengt h for revenge and punishment. -
Madrasah Education System and Terrorism: Reality and Misconception
92 Madrasah Education System And Terrorism: Reality And Misconception Mohd Izzat Amsyar Mohd Arif ([email protected]) The National University of Malaysia, Bangi Nur Hartini Abdul Rahman ([email protected]) Ministry of Education, Malaysia Hisham Hanapi ([email protected]) Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kuala Lumpur Abstract Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the Islamic schools known as madrasah have been of increasing interest to analysts and to officials involved in formulating U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East, Central, and Southeast Asia. Madrasah drew added attention when it became known that several Taliban leaders and Al-Qaeda members had developed radical political views at madrasah in Pakistan, some of which allegedly were built and partially financed through Saudi Arabian sources. These revelations have led to accusations that madrasah promote Islamic extremism and militancy, and are a recruiting ground for terrorism. Others maintain that most of these religious schools have been blamed unfairly for fostering anti-U.S. sentiments and argue that madrasah play an important role in countries where millions of Muslims live in poverty and the educational infrastructure is in decay. This paper aims to study a misconception of the role and functions of Islamic traditional religious schools which have been linked with the activities of terrorism. The study will be specifically focus on practice of the traditional Islamic school, which is locally called as ‘madrasah system’. Keywords: madrasah, terrorism, Islamic schools INTRODUCTION The September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York changed the international politics, security and law. The attacks gave rise to the new catchword of war against terrorism, which has been universally accepted as a new millennium global threat. -
Traditional and Modern Muslim Education at the Core and Periphery: Enduring Challenge
Traditional and Modern Muslim Education at the Core and Periphery: Enduring Challenge Tahir Abbas Abstract This chapter provides a general theory of the salient concerns affecting Muslims in education across the globe today, from Muslims in Muslim majority countries to Muslims as minority citizens. From concerns around resource investment in educational infrastructure to anxieties over curricula and pedagogy, matters affecting Muslims in education differ the world over, where Muslims in education can often conjure up more uncertainties than positives. The experience affects not only young children at the nucleus of the attention but also parents, teachers, education managers, as well as wider society. In rationalizing the political and sociological milieu in different societies, it emerges that the themes of religion, ethnicity, and gender are as significant as ideology, culture, and policy, but that they are set within the context of secularization, desecularization, sacralization and the re-sacralization of Islam in the public sphere. In order to generate a philosophical, spiritual, and intellectual evaluation of Muslim education across the world, this chapter synthesizes the apprehensions that are internal and exter- nal, local and global, and which affect all Muslims, minorities and majorities. Keywords Muslims • Education • Localization • Globalization • Modernity Contents Introduction ....................................................................................... 2 Education, Knowledge, and Power across the Muslim World . -
Importance of Girls' Education As Right: a Legal Study from Islamic
Beijing Law Review, 2016, 7, 1-11 Published Online March 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/blr http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/blr.2016.71001 Importance of Girls’ Education as Right: A Legal Study from Islamic Approach Mohammad Saiful Islam Department of Law, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh Received 16 November 2015; accepted 2 January 2016; published 5 January 2016 Copyright © 2016 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Knowledge gaining and application is a fundamental necessity for all Muslims to qualify them to believe according to the ideologies of the religion. Islam ordered acquisition and dissemination of knowledge is obligatory (fard) upon its believers, irrespective of gender. The aim of education in Islam is to produce a decent human being who is talented of delivering his duties as a servant of Allah and His vicegerent (khalīfah) on earth. This paper is an effort to examine the concept, goal and objectives of education on the view point of Islam. The aim of this article is to present and analyze the exact views of Islam regarding girls’ education from the ultimate source of Islam. These works also try to pick out the common barriers of girls’ education in Bangladesh. Keywords Education, Al Quran, Knowledge, Girls’ Education 1. Introduction Historically women have been subjected to social injustice and educational dispossession. Before advent of Is- lam Arabs has engaged to infanticide the girls’ babies and Islam frequently recognize the dignity and rights of girls. -
Life Science Journal 2012;9(1S) Http
Life Science Journal 2012;9(1s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Iranian Zurvanism, Origin of Worshipping Evil ELIKA BAGHAIE PHD candidate at the Tajikistan Academy of science Abstract: In this article it is attempted to study the philosophy of the emergence of evil forces in the history of human life from the perspective of the East ancient texts, particularly those of ancient Iran and middle Persian language and then Zurvan, its emergence and status beyond a creator and as a neutral element and an evil force, and its logical concept is studied. “Above is not bright. Below is not dark. It’s invisible, and it can’t be called by any name. [ELIKA BAGHAIE. Iranian Zurvanism, Origin of Worshipping Evil. Life Sci J 2012;9(1s):21-26] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 5 Keywords: creation, evil, duality, Zurvan, man, God 1. Introduction Etymology of Zruuan, which is generally In a narration by Plutarch it is stated that defined as “time” in Avestan language is indefinite in Theopompus has remarked in the first half of 4th available documents and references. On the other century B.C. that “A group of people believe in two hand , it could be said that this term is linked to gods who are like to masons, one of them is creator Avestan zauruuan- which means “ancient time , old of good and the other one is creator of evil and age” ,and zaurura- which means “ancient and worn- useless things. And a group of people call the good out” which are derived from primitive Indo-European force as God and the other one as the Evil. -
The History of Modern Syria Future Home for Nmc
nmc.utoronto.ca Spring 2020 NMCNear & Middle Eastern Civilizations NEWS THE HISTORY FUTURE HOME RESEARCH OF MODERN SYRIA FOR NMC SPOTLIGHT NMC's Professor James A. Reilly The university has released NMC students and postdoctoral shares thoughts about writing a plans for a new building to be fellows share what attracted them history book aimed at reaching the future home of NMC to the department, their current an audience beyond academia projects, and their plans for the future Chair’s Message The start of a new year, and decade, presents opportunities to mark new beginnings, declare new resolutions and voice hopes for a new and better future. It also offers an occasion to pause and reflect on the year that has passed. For Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations (NMC), 2019 was an eventful year, and this issue of our newsletter provides a snapshot, highlighting some of the research activities of our faculty and students, and the important societal contributions of our alumni. Professor James Reilly’s new book grapples with the devastating, ongoing civil conflict in Syria, and demonstrates the importance of historical context and perspective in providing critical insight into this otherwise unfathomable conflict. A historic conference on Ibadism celebrating the remarkable pluralism within Islam; the participation of NMC archaeologists in public outreach events, most notably the wildly popular Science Rendezvous, which annually draws thousands of eager, aspiring students; and a student project reconstructing a Bronze Age Syrian tomb: these events accentuate the wide-ranging experientially rich learning opportunities in NMC. Exciting discoveries can also occur in unexpected places, as PhD candidate Tracy Spurrier learned while studying ancient historical texts housed in Robarts Library, and SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellow Moujan Matin encountered investigating the early history of craft production technology. -
A Study of Ibadi Oman
UCLA Journal of Religion Volume 2 2018 Developing Tolerance and Conservatism: A Study of Ibadi Oman Connor D. Elliott The George Washington University ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes the development of Omani-Ibadi society from pre- Islam to the present day. Oman represents an anomaly in the religious world because its Ibadi theology is conservative in nature while also preaching unwavering tolerance. To properly understand how Oman developed such a unique culture and religion, it is necessary to historically analyze the country by recounting the societal developments that occurred throughout the millennia. By doing so, one begins to understand that Oman did not achieve this peaceful religious theology over the past couple of decades. Oman has an exceptional society that was built out of longtime traditions like a trade-based economy that required foreign interaction, long periods of political sovereignty or autonomy, and a unique theology. The Omani-Ibadi people and their leaders have continuously embraced the ancient roots of their regional and religious traditions to create a contemporary state that espouses a unique society that leads people to live conservative personal lives while exuding outward tolerance. Keywords: Oman, Ibadi, Tolerance, Theology, History, Sociology UCLA Journal of Religion Vol. 2, 2018 Developing Tolerance and Conservatism: A Study of Ibadi Oman By Connor D. Elliott1 The George Washington University INTRODUCTION he Sultanate of Oman is a country which consistently draws acclaim T for its tolerance and openness towards peoples of varying faiths. The sect of Islam most Omanis follow, Ibadiyya, is almost entirely unique to Oman with over 2 million of the 2.5 million Ibadis worldwide found in the sultanate.2 This has led many to see the Omani government as the de facto state-representative of Ibadiyya in contemporary times. -
An Examination of the Possibility of Persian Influence on the Tibetan Bon Religion
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2010 From a Land in the West: An Examination of the Possibility of Persian Influence on the Tibetan Bon Religion Jeremy Ronald McMahan College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation McMahan, Jeremy Ronald, "From a Land in the West: An Examination of the Possibility of Persian Influence on the Tibetan Bon Religion" (2010). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 715. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/715 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From a Land in the West: An Examination of the Possibility of Persian Influence on the Tibetan Bon Religion A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Arts in Religious Studies from The College of William and Mary by Jeremy Ronald McMahan Accepted for ___________________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) ________________________________________ Kevin Vose, Director ________________________________________ Chrystie Swiney ________________________________________ Melissa Kerin Williamsburg, VA April 27, 2010 1 Introduction Since coming to light during the 19th and 20th centuries, Bon, Tibet's “other” religion, has consistently posed a problem for Western scholarship. Claiming to be the original religion of Tibet, to the untrained eye Bon looks exactly like Tibetan Buddhism. -
Zoroastrianism from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Search Zoroastrianism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss Main page these issues on the talk page. Contents The neutrality of this article is disputed. (March 2012) Featured content This article may contain previously unpublished synthesis of Current events published material that conveys ideas not attributable to the Random article original sources. (March 2012) Donate to Wikipedia This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often Interaction accompanies biased or unverifiable information. (March 2012) Help Part of a series on About Wikipedia Zoroastrianism /ˌzɒroʊˈæstriənɪzəm/, also called Mazdaism Zoroastrianism Community portal and Magianism, is an ancient Iranian religion and a religious Recent changes philosophy. It was once the state religion of the Achaemenid, Contact page Parthian, and Sasanian empires. Estimates of the current number of Zoroastrians worldwide vary between 145,000 and Toolbox 2.6 million.[1] Print/export In the eastern part of ancient Persia more than a thousand The Faravahar, believed to be a depiction of a fravashi years BCE, a religious philosopher called Zoroaster simplified Languages Primary topics the pantheon of early Iranian gods[2] into two opposing forces: Afrikaans Ahura Mazda Ahura Mazda (Illuminating Wisdom) and Angra Mainyu Alemannisch Zarathustra (Destructive Spirit) which were in conflict. aša (asha) / arta Angels and demons ا open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Angels and demons ا Aragonés Zoroaster's ideas led to a formal religion bearing his name by Amesha Spentas · Yazatas about the 6th century BCE and have influenced other later Asturianu Ahuras · Daevas Azərbaycanca religions including Judaism, Gnosticism, Christianity and Angra Mainyu [3] Беларуская Islam. -
An Unexpected Romance: Reevaluating the Authorship of the Khosrow-Nāma
An Unexpected Romance: Reevaluating the Authorship of the Khosrow-nāma Item Type Article Authors O'Malley, Austin Citation O'Malley, Austin. "An Unexpected Romance: Reevaluating the Authorship of the Khosrow-nāma." Al-Uur al-Wusā: The Journal of Middle East Medievalists 27 (2019): 201-232. Publisher Middle East Medievalists Journal Al-Uur al-Wusā: The Journal of Middle East Medievalists Rights CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Copyright is held by the author(s) or the publisher. If your intended use exceeds the permitted uses specified by the license, contact the publisher for more information. Download date 02/10/2021 02:20:07 Item License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/635984 AL-ʿUṢŪR AL-WUSṬĀ 27 (2019) THE JOURNAL OF MIDDLE EAST MEDIEVALISTS About Middle East Medievalists (MEM) is an international professional non-proft association of scholars interested in the study of the Islamic lands of the Middle East during the medieval period (defned roughly as 500–1500 C.E.). MEM ofcially came into existence on 15 November 1989 at its frst annual meeting, held in Toronto. It is a non-proft organization incorporated in the state of Illinois. MEM has two primary goals: to increase the representation of medieval scholarship at scholarly meetings in North America and elsewhere by co-sponsoring panels; and to foster communication among individuals and organizations with an interest in the study of the medieval Middle East. As part of its efort to promote scholarship and facilitate communication among its members, MEM publishes al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā (The Journal of Middle East Medievalists). -
In Iranian-Indian Mythology
Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology 2011, vol. 7. n. 1 Asghari & Annapurna – Time in Iranian-Indian Mythology History of Religions 153 - 165 Contrastive Study of “Time” in Iranian-Indian Mythology Bibiaghdas Asghari *, Annapurna M. ** Abstract The main aim in the study is to compare and contrast the textual contents and the formal structures that are involved in the myth of ‘time’ in Indian and Iranian mythologies. Three questions will be replay: What are the divisions of time? What is the function of time in the mythical system in both myths of Iran and India? And what is the formal structure in this myth in the both mythologies? Data collection for this article has been done with a documentary approach. The Primary sources involved the Avesta and the RigVeda and secondary sources (include: 31 books, related article) were reviewed, after data gathered from those, the data analysis has been done in this study. Comparison of two myths is done with following mythical three indices: 1. Structure (trinity) 2.Binary Oppositions 3.Archetypal patterns time. In the Iranian myth, like the Hindu myth time is divided into three and then again four part horizontally. In Hindu myths, time is cyclical. Lord Brahma in Hindu mythology is referred to as the creator. The Zoroastrian concept of time is linear not cyclical. In the creation myth Unlimited/limited and Numeric /Divine time are cosmic oppositions; Golden Age / Iron Age indicate sociological opposition. Keywords: Time myth, Indo-Iranian mythology, Vedic mythology, Avesta mythology, Structural mythology. Introduction A creation myth, by definition, contains statements about time and space. -
157 Alessandro Mengozzi, Ed., Religious Poetry in Vernacular Syriac from Northern Iraq (17Th–20Th Centuries). an Anthology, CS
BOOK REVIEWS Alessandro Mengozzi, ed., Religious Poetry in Vernacular Syriac from Northern Iraq (17th–20th Centuries). An Anthology, CSCO 627–628 / Syr. 240–241 (Louvain: Peeters, 2011). Pp. xx + 129, €65; pp. xxiv + 163; €60. AARON MICHAEL BUTTS, YALE UNIVERSITY The two volumes under review contain editions and English translations of seven poems dating from the early seventeenth to the late twentieth century. The poems are written in what the editor terms ‘Vernacular Syriac’ (or ‘Sureth’, from Classical Syriac surāʾit ‘in Syriac’), which encompasses a variety of North-Eastern Neo- Aramaic dialects that were spoken, and occasionally written, by East-Syriac authors, whether Church of the East or Chaldean, in Northern Iraq. All of the poems belong to the dorekta genre, which is generally characterized by stanzas of 3, 4, or 6 metered, rhyming lines. The poems in the volumes expand the scope of the editor’s earlier collection of seventeenth-century dorekta poems by Israel of Alqosh and Joseph of Telkepe, which appeared in the same series.1 Each of the seven poems is presented in a critical edition in East-Syriac script (the denotation of vowels follows the manuscripts) and English translation along with an introduction. The poems are arranged in chronological order. The earliest poem in the collection, and possibly the earliest dated example of the dorekta genre extant, is On Repentance. In two of the three manuscripts, it is attributed to a certain Hormizd of Alqosh, who may tentatively be identified as the son of the well-known Israel of Alqosh. The text stands in the tradition of East-Syriac penitential hymns, and it contains numerous exempla drawn from the Old and New Testaments.