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Lívia Oliveira Loureiro Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais 2014

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Lívia Oliveira Loureiro Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais 2014 Lívia Oliveira Loureiro SISTEMÁTICA DE MOLOSSUS (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA: MOLOSSIDAE) COM ÊNFASE NAS ESPÉCIES OCORRENDO NO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, como requisito parcial á obtenção do título de Mestre em Zoologia Área de concentração: Sistemática e Diversidade Orientador: Dr. Renato Gregorin Coorientador: Fernando Araujo Perini Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 2014 Lívia Oliveira Loureiro SISTEMÁTICA DE MOLOSSUS (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA: MOLOSSIDAE) COM ÊNFASE NAS ESPÉCIES OCORRENDO NO BRASIL Dissertação aprovada em __/__/__ Prof. Dra. Valeria Tavares Prof. Marcelo Rodrigues Nogueira Prof. Dr. Renato Gregorin Orientador Prof. Fernando Araujo Perini Coorientador 2 “Talvez não tenha conseguido fazer o melhor, mas lutei para que o melhor fosse feito. Não sou o que deveria ser, mas Graças a Deus, não sou o que era antes”. (Marthin Luther King) 3 Agradecimentos: Ao longo deste caminho, percebi o quanto precisamos do apoio de quem está em nossa volta. Apoio moral, científico e de qualquer outra forma que nos ajude a crescer, a não desistir, apoio para seguir em frente apesar das adversidades. Então, desde já me desculpo pelas pessoas que de alguma forma fizeram parte deste trabalho e não estão citadas aqui, por estas, também gostaria de explicitar minha verdadeira gratidão. Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer meu marido, Diego, por toda a força, amparo, consolo e motivação. Gostaria de agradecer por todo o tempo despendido ao me ajudar na construção deste trabalho. Aos meus pais, que estiveram todo o tempo ao meu lado, me motivando e me dando forças para crescer sempre mais e nunca desistir. Agradeço ao meu orientador, Renato Gregorin, que me mesmo de longe esteve presente com sabedoria, opiniões e críticas que foram essenciais ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Agradeço ao meu coorientador Fernando Perini, que no meio desta jornada, aceitou o desafio de me ajudar neste projeto. Agradeço por todo conhecimento repassado, pela paciência, pelas críticas, pelas opiniões e por estar sempre presente quando precisei de ajuda. A todos os meus colegas de laboratório, em especial a Ligiane Moras, por todo esforço em tentar me ajudar a alcançar minhas metas, pelas opiniões e críticas construtivas. Agradeço também ao vários curadores e técnicos que de braços abertos me receberam em suas coleções: Dr. Nancy Simmons, Dr. Kristofer Helgen, Dr. João Alves, Dr. Adriano L. Perracchi, Dr. Marcelo O. Bordignon, Dr. Gustavo Graciolli, Dr. Mario de Vivo e a Dr. Eliana Morielle Versute. A Marco Anacleto minhas profundas gratidões pelas ilustrações tão bem elaboradas. A banca desta dissertação, que prontamente aceitou estar presente nesta etapa de minha vida, contribuindo com análise e críticas que levarão ao aprimoramento deste trabalho. A FAPEMIG pela bolsa de mestrado. Ao CNPq pelo auxílio financeiro (processo 477422/2011-0). E a Deus por sempre estar presente em minha vida. 4 SUMÁRIO: Lista de figuras......................................................................................................................................6 Lista de tabelas....................................................................................................................................8 Capítulo introdutório............................................................................................................................9 Justificativa do estudo.........................................................................................................14 Objetivos gerais......................................................................................................................14 Objetivos específicos..............................................................................................................14 Referências.............................................................................................................................14 Artigo 1 – FILOGENIA DE MOLOSSUS E. GEOFFROY (CHIROPERA, MOLOSSIDAE) NO BRASIL............................................................................................................................................... 19 Artigo 2 - MORFOMETRIA E TAXONOMIA DO GÊNERO MOLOSSUS E. GEOFFROY (CHIROPTERA, MOLOSSIDAE) NO BRASIL. ..................................................................................................................49 5 Lista de Figuras: Figura 1- Crânio de Eumops auripendulus em vista dorsal. Os números representam os caracteres descritos. .................................................................................................................................................. 31 Figura 2- Crânio de Promops centralis em vista dorsal. Os números representam os caracteres descritos. .................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Figura 3 -Crânio de M. coibensis em vista ventral. Os números representam os caracteres descritos. .... 32 Figura 4- Crânio de M. molossus em vista ventral. Os números representam os caracteres descritos.. .. 32 Figura 5- Crânio de M. molossus em vista lateral. Os números representam os caracteres descritos. ..... 33 Figura 6 – Crânio de M. rufus em vista lateral. Os números representam os caracteres descritos. .......... 33 Figura 7 - Crânio de M. molossus em vista frontal. Os números reapresentam caracteres descritos.. ..... 34 Figura 8 - Crânio de M. rufus em vista frontal. Os números reapresentam caracteres descritos. ............ 34 Figura 9- Crânio de M. molossus em vista posterior. Os números reapresentam os caracteres descritos. .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Figura 10 – Crânio de M. rufus em vista posterior. Os números reapresentam os caracteres descritos. 35 Figura 11 - Crânio de M. rufus em vista dorsal. Os números reapresentam os caracteres descritos. ....... 36 Figura 12 – Crânio de M. molossus em vista dorsal. Os números reapresentam os caracteres descritos. 36 Figura 13 - Crânio de M. pretiosus em vista ventral. Os números reapresentam os caracteres descritos. 37 Figura 14 – Arvore mais parcimoniosa gerada pela análise de parcimônia global. Números acima dos ramos indicam os nós e os números abaixo dos ramos indicam índices de robustez e de suporte. Neste caso, números à esquerda, indicam valores de Bremmer e os números à direita indicam os valores do índice de Bootstrap. .................................................................................................................................. 38 Figura 15 - Limites de parâmetros morfométricos em vista lateral do crânio de M. molossus. ................ 54 Figura 16 - Limites de parâmetros morfométricos em vista ventral do crânio de M. molossus. .............. 54 Figura 17 - Limites de parâmetros morfométricos em vista frontal do crânio de M. molossus. ............... 55 Figura 18 – Gráfico de pontos vetoriais individuais dos dois primeiros componentes principais (CP1 e CP2) baseado em 13 medidas craniais e externas. A – Machos. B- Fêmeas. M. pretiosus, M. rufus, M. currentium, M. molossus, M. coibensis, M. aztecus. Molossus sp. nov.. ................................... 60 Figura 19 - Gráfico da análise discriminante dos dois primeiros fatores discriminates (Fator 1 e Fator 2) baseado em 13 medidas craniais e externas. A – Machos. B- Fêmeas. M. pretiosus, M. rufus, M. currentium, M. molossus, M. coibensis, M. aztecus, Molossus sp. nov.. ..................................... 63 Figura 20 - Gráfico de pontos de loadings individuais dos dois primeiros componentes principais (CP1 e CP2) baseado em 13 medidas craniais e externas. A – M. molossus (machos). B- M. molossus (fêmeas). C- M. aztecus (macho). D-M. aztecus (fêmeas). E- M. rufus (machos). F- M. rufus (fêmeas). Rio de janeiro; Ceará; Pará; Rio Grande do Sul; Piauí; Mato Grosso do Sul; Minas Gerais Bahia; Amazonas; Paraíba; São Paulo; Mato Grosso. ............................................................................ 66 Figura 21 - Gráfico da análise discriminante dos dois primeiros fatores discriminates (Função 1 e Fator 2) baseado em 13 medidas craniais e externas. A – M. molossus (machos). B- M. molossus (fêmeas). C- M. aztecus (macho). D-M. aztecus (fêmeas). E- M. rufus (machos). F- M. rufus (fêmeas). Rio de janeiro; 6 Ceará; Pará; Rio Grande do Sul; Piauí; Mato Grosso do Sul; Minas Gerais Bahia; Amazonas; Paraíba; São Paulo; Mato Grosso ............................................................................. 67 Figura 22 - Línguas de Molossus mostrando semelhanças entre diferentes tipos de papilas, A - M. rufus; B- M. molossus. ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Figura 23 - Língua de M. molossus mostrando a protuberância mediana dorsal na língua de molossídeos (sinapomorfia da família), as papilas fungiformes (A), as cornificadas (B) e as filiformes (C). ............................................................................................................................................................ 71 Figura 24 - Vista ventral de M. coibensis. Note a robustez do crânio, a ausência de fossas na base occipital (A) e os incisivos de formato espatulado (B). ............................................................................
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