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Tradisi Badoncek Dalam Adat Perkawinan Minangkabau Wilayah Pariaman Di Kota Medan

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Tradisi Badoncek Dalam Adat Perkawinan Minangkabau Wilayah Pariaman Di Kota Medan TRADISI BADONCEK DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN MINANGKABAU WILAYAH PARIAMAN DI KOTA MEDAN TESIS OLEH: LIA KHALISA 117009025/LNG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2016 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TRADISI BADONCEK DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN MINANGKABAU WILAYAH PARIAMAN DI KOTA MEDAN TESIS Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Magister Sains dalam Program Studi Linguistik pada Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Oleh : LIA KHALISA 117009025/LNG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2016 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Telah diuji pada Tanggal : 25 Juni 2016 PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Ketua : Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A., Ph.D. Anggota : 1. Dr. Deliana, M.Hum. 2. Dr. T. Thyrhaya Zein, M.A. 3. Dr. Muhammad Takari, M.Hum. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN Judul Tesis TRADISI BADONCEK DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN MINANGKABAU WILAYAH PARIAMAN DI KOTA MEDAN Dengan ini Penulis menyatakan bahwa tesis ini disusun sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Magister dari Program Studi Linguistik Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara adalah benar hasil karya penulis sendiri. Adapun pengutipan-pengutipan yang penulis lakukan pada bagian-bagian tertentu dari hasil karya orang lain dalam penulisan tesis ini, telah penulis cantumkan sumbernya secara jelas sesuai dengan norma, kaidah dan penulisan ilmiah. Apabila dikemudian hari ditemukan seluruh atau sebagaian tesis ini bukan hasil karya penulis sendiri atau adanya plagiat dalam bagian-bagian tertentu, penulis bersedia menerima sanksi pencabutan gelar akademik yang saya sandang dan sanksi-sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan peraturan perundangan yang berlaku. Medan, Juni 2016 Penulis, Lia Khalisa UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TRADISI BADONCEK DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN MINANGKABAU WILAYAH PARIAMAN DI KOTA MEDAN ABSTRAK Penelitian ini berjudul Tradisi Badoncek Dalam Perkawinan Minangkabau Adat Pariaman Di Kota Medan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tradisi Badoncek di dalam perkawinan orang Minangkabau khususnya orang Pariaman yang ada di Kota Medan dan mencari kearifan lokal yang terdapat dalam tradisi tersebut. Tradisi Badoncek di kota Medan dilaksanakan pada malam hari setelah azan Isya sebagai penutup setelah ‘alek’ di pagi hari. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Struktur Wacana oleh Van Dijk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tehnik pengumpulan data merekam dan mewawancarai narasumber. Struktur teks pada tradisi badoncek ini menggunakan teori struktur.Teks di dalam penelitian Tradisi Badoncek ini terdiri dari tiga yaitu struktur makro, superstruktur dan struktur mikro. Koteks yang muncul bersamaan dengan teks diantaranya proksemik, kinetik dan paralinguistik dan unsur-unsur material dapat ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. Di dalam mengkaji bahasa, interpretasi yang berfokus pada teks harus memperhatikan konteks. Dalam penelitian Tradisi Badoncek ini konteks yang ditemukan adalah konteks situasi dan budaya. Kearifan lokal di dalam Tradisi badoncek ini dikelompokkan menjadi 1). Gotongroyong, 2). Keharmonisan, 3). Musyawarah untuk mufakat, 4). Meningkatkan persatuan kaum Kata Kunci: Antropolinguistik, Tradisi Badoncek, Koteks, Konteks, Kearifan lokal UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT The title of this research is Badoncek Dalam Perkawinan Minangkabau Adat Pariaman Di Kota Medan. The purpose of this study is to describe the tradition of Badoncek in the Minangkabau marriage especially Pariaman people in Medan and to find local wisdom in the tradition. The tradition of Badoncek in Medan is held at night after Azan Isya and after 'alek' wedding ceremony in the morning. The theory used is discourse structure theory by Van Dijk. This research is conducted by recording data collection technique and interviewing resource person. The text structure of this badoncek tradition uses structural theory. The text in this Badoncek Tradition study consists of three macro structures, superstructures and microstructures. Koteks that appear along with text such as proxemic, kinetic and paralinguistic and material elements can be found in this study. In the study of language, text-focused interpretations must take account of the context. In this Badoncek Tradition research the context found is the context of situation and culture.Local wisdom in this Badoncek tradition is grouped into 1). Gotongroyong, 2). Harmony, 3). Deliberation for consensus, 4). Increase unity ofpeople Keywords: Anthropolinguistics, Badoncek Tradition, Cotext, Context, Local Wisdom UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………………….i ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................ii KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................................iii RIWAYAT HIDUP..............................................................................................iv DAFTAR ISI…………………………………………………………………….v DAFTAR GAMBAR……………………………………………………………vi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN………..…………………………………………...…1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah……………………………………….….... 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah…………………………………………............10 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian……………………………………………....…....10 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian…………………………………………....……..11 1.5 Klarifikasi Istilah……………………………………………............11 . BAB II KONSEP, KAJIAN TEORETIS DAN KAJIAN YANG RELEVAN................................................................................................13 2.1 Konsep …………………………………………………….……...... 13 2.1.1 Tradisi Lisan …….………………………………………….... 13 2.1.2 Performansi……………………………………………........... 15 2.1.3 Teks……………………………………………………...........16 2.1.4 Koteks…………………………………………………............17 2.1.5 Konteks…………………………………………………..........18 2.1.6 Kearifan Lokal………………………………………..............19 2.1.7 Merantau……………………………………………................20 2.1.7.1 Pariaman: Daerah Rantau Yang Unik……………......23 2.1.7.2 Orang Minang Di Kota Medan ……………………....26 2.1.8 Sistem Kekerabatan Orang Minangkabau……………………28 2.1.9 Perkawinan Adat Minangkabau Wilayah Pariaman………….32 2.1.9.1 Tahap Sebelum Perkawinan………………………….35 2.1.9.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan Perkawinan……………………....36 2.1.9.3 Badoncek…………………………………………......39 2.2 Kajian Teoretis……………………………………………………....40 2.2.1 Antropolinguistik……………………………………………...40 2.2.2 Analisis Struktur Wacana..…………………………………....42 2.3 Kajian Yang Relevan……………………………………………......45 2.4 Konstruk Analisis…………………………………………………...48 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN………………………………………….... 49 3.1 Lokasi Penelitian………………………………………………….. 49 3.2 Data dan Sumber data……………………………………………... 51 3.3 Teknik Pengumpulan data………………………………………......52 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.4 Tehnik Analisis data……………………………………………......53 3.5 Triangulasi Data………………………………………………….....55 BAB IV PERFORMANSI TRADISI BADONCEK PADA ADAT PERKAWINAN MINANGKABAU WILAYAH PARIAMAN….... 57 4.1 Tahap SebelumPerkawinan………………………………………... 57 4.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan Perkawinan…………………………………… 65 4.3 Badoncek………………………………………………………….. 69 BAB V ANALISIS STRUKTUR WACANA TEKS, KOTEKS, DAN KONTEKS TRADISI BADONCEK .......………………….......75 5.1 Teks Tradisi Badoncek…….......…………………………………...75 5.1.1 Struktur Makro………………………………………………76 5.1.2 Superstruktur (struktur alur) ………………………………...76 5.1.3 Struktur Mikro……………………………………………….77 5.2 Koteks Tradisi Badoncek……………………………………….....78 5.2.1 Proksemik, Kinetik, Paralinguistik………………………….78 5.3 Konteks Tradisi Badoncek………………………………………...83 5.3.1 Konteks Budaya Tradisi Badoncek.......……………………..84 5.3.2 Konteks Situasi Tradisi Badoncek ......………………….......85 BAB VI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM TRADISI BADONCEK…………....88 6.1 Gotongroyong ……………………………………………………... 88 6.2 Keharmonisan…………………………………………………….... 90 6.3 Musyawarah dan Mufakat………………..……………………........93 6.4 Menjaga Persatuan Kaum………………………………………..... 93 BAB VII SIMPULAN DAN SARAN……………………………………….....96 7.1 Simpulan………………………………………………………….... 96 7.2 Saran……………………………………………………….… .........99 DAFTARPUSTAKA………………………………………………………......100 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR No Judul Halaman 2.1 Tradisi Badoncek Dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau Adat Pariaman Di Kota Medan…………………………………..................................................51 4.1 Sirih Pinang………………………………………………………………...........61 4.2 Batuka Tando……………………………………………………………………64 4.3 Hantaran Untuk Anak Daro ………………………………………………….....65 4.4 Mengantar Mempelai Pria……………………………………………………….70 4.5 Memulai Acara Badoncek ……………………………………………………...72 4.6 Perwakilan Pengurus PKDP ………………………………………………….....74 5.1 Meja Panjang Badoncek ……………………………………………...................80 5.2 Penyerahan Sumbangsih (amplop) 1………………………………………….....82 5.3 Penyerahan Sumbangsih (amplop) 2.....................................................................82 5.4 Wadah tempat uang………………………………………………………….......87 5.5 Dendeng Balado …………………………………………………………….......89 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KATA PENGANTAR Penulis mengucapkan puji dan syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan petunjuk dan hidayahNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan tesis dengan judul “Tradisi Badoncek dalam Adat Perkawinan Minangkabau Wilayah Pariaman di Kota Medan”. Selama melakukan penelitian dan penulisan tesis ini, penulis banyak memperoleh bantuan dari berbagai pihak, baik moril maupun materil. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Rektor Universitas Sumatera Utara, Prof .DR.Runtung Sitepu, SH, M.Hum 2. Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya
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