Daniel 8 Joel Richardson In the third year of the reign of the king, a vision appeared to me, , subsequent to the one which appeared to me previously. I looked in the vision, and while I was looking I was in the citadel of , which is in the province of ; and I looked in the vision and I myself was beside the Ulai Canal. —Dan. 8:1-2 SHUSHAN

While I was observing, behold, a male was coming from the west over the surface of the whole earth without touching the ground; and the goat had a conspicuous horn between his eyes. He came up to the ram that had the two horns, which I had seen standing in front of the canal, and rushed at him in his mighty wrath. —Dan. 8:5-6 I saw him come beside the ram, and he was enraged at him; and he struck the ram and shattered his two horns, and the ram had no strength to withstand him. So he hurled him to the ground and trampled on him, and there was none to rescue the ram from his power. —Dan. 8:7

Then the male goat magnified himself exceedingly. But as soon as he was mighty, the large horn was broken; and in its place there came up four conspicuous horns toward the four winds of heaven. —Daniel 8:8 Out of one of them came forth a rather small horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south, toward the east, and toward the Beautiful Land. —Daniel 8:9 It grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down. It even magnified itself to be equal with the Commander of the host; and it removed the regular sacrifice from Him, and the place of His sanctuary was thrown down. And on account of transgression the host will be given over to the horn along with the regular sacrifice; and it will fling truth to the ground and perform its will and prosper.

—Daniel 8:10-12 Verses 3-8 Verses 9-12

Ram, Goat, Four Horns The Little Horn

Historical Dual-Fulfillment The Consistent-Futurist Interpretation Verses 3-12

Ram, Goat, Four Horns The Little Horn

End Time Fulfillment It grew up to the host of heaven and caused some of the host and some of the stars to fall to the earth, and it trampled them down. It even magnified itself to be equal with the Commander of the host; and it removed the regular sacrifice from Him, and the place of His sanctuary was thrown down. And on account of transgression the host will be given over to the horn along with the regular sacrifice; and it will fling truth to the ground and perform its will and prosper.

—Daniel 8:10-12 Then another sign appeared in heaven: and behold, a great red dragon having seven heads and ten horns, and on his heads were seven diadems. And his tail swept away a third of the stars of heaven and threw them to the earth . . . the great dragon was thrown down, the serpent of old who is called the devil and Satan, who deceives the whole world; he was thrown down to the earth, and his were thrown down with him.

—Revelation 12:3-4, 9 Now the salvation, and the power, and the kingdom of our God and the authority of His Christ have come, for the accuser of our brethren has been thrown down, he who accuses them before our God day and night . . . For this reason, rejoice, O heavens and you who dwell in them. Woe to the earth and the sea, because the devil has come down to you, having great wrath, knowing that he has only a short time

—Revelation 12:10,12 The Interpretation When I, Daniel, had seen the vision, I sought to understand it; and behold, standing before me was one who looked like a man. And I heard the voice of a man between the banks of Ulai, and he called out and said, “, give this man an understanding of the vision.” —Daniel 8:15-16 So he came near to where I was standing, and when he came I was frightened and fell on my face; but he said to me, “, understand that the vision pertains to the time of the end.” —Daniel 8:17 Now while he was talking with me, I sank into a deep sleep with my face to the ground; but he touched me and made me stand upright. He said, “Behold, I am going to let you know what will occur at the final period of the indignation, for it pertains to the appointed time of the end. —Daniel 8:18-19 The ram which you saw with the two horns represents the kings of Media and Persia. The shaggy goat represents the kingdom of , and the large horn that is between his eyes is the first king. —Daniel 8:20-21

Implications of the Consistent Futurist Interpretation

Step 1: Iranian Invasion of Middle East Step 2: Turkish Response and Defeat of Step 3: Leader of Turkey Dies Step 4: This New Turkey Breaks up into Four Step 5: Out of One of these Emerges the

The ram which you saw with the two horns represents the kings of Media and Persia. The shaggy goat represents the kingdom of Yavan, and the large horn that is between his eyes is the first king. —Daniel 8:20-21

Geographical Cycles

1. Greece vs. Medo-Persia 2. Rome vs. 3. Byzantium vs. Sassanids 4. Ottomans vs. Safavids 5. Turkey vs. Iran The

“The broken horn and the four horns that arose in its place represent four kingdoms which will arise from his nation, although not with his power. —Daniel 8:22 “Practically all commentators, however, recognize the four horns as symbolic of the four kingdoms of the Diadochi which emerged as follows: (1) assumed rule over and Greece; (2) Lysimacus took control of , Bithynia, and most of Asia Minor; (3) Seleucus took and the lands to the east including ; (4) established rule over and possibly and Arabia Petraea.” —John Walvoord 305 Hippolytus: Seleucus, , Ptolemy and .

355 : (Same as Hippolytus)

355 Eusebius: Seleucus, Antigonus, Ptolemy and Philip.

407 : (Same as Eusebius)

430 Theodoret of Cyrus, Seleucus, Antigonus, Ptolemy, and .

2017 Consensus: Seleucus, Ptolemy, , Cassander

The Wars of the Diadochi

322 Alexander dies

320 First War of the Diadochi

315 Second War of the Diadochi

311 Third War of the Diadochi

301 Fourth War of the Diadochi “The ”

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