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Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum -
Xerocomus S. L. in the Light of the Present State of Knowledge
CZECH MYCOL. 60(1): 29–62, 2008 Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge JOSEF ŠUTARA Prosetická 239, 415 01 Teplice, Czech Republic [email protected] Šutara J. (2008): Xerocomus s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge. – Czech Mycol. 60(1): 29–62. The definition of the generic limits of Xerocomus s. l. and particularly the delimitation of this genus from Boletus is very unclear and controversial. During his study of European species of the Boletaceae, the author has come to the conclusion that Xerocomus in a wide concept is a heterogeneous mixture of several groups of species. These groups are separated from each other by different anatomical and some other characters. Also recent molecular studies show that Xerocomus s. l. is not a monophyletic group. In agreement with these facts, the European species of Xerocomus s. l. whose anatomy was studied by the present author are here classified into the following, more distinctly delimited genera: Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus gen. nov., Hemileccinum gen. nov. and Pseudoboletus. Boletus badius and Boletus moravicus, also often treated as species of Xerocomus, are retained for the present in the genus Boletus. The differences between Xerocomus s. str., Phylloporus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, Pseudoboletus and Boletus (which is related to this group of genera) are discussed in detail. Two new genera, Xerocomellus and Hemileccinum, and necessary new combinations of species names are proposed. Key words: Boletaceae, Xerocomus, Xerocomellus, Hemileccinum, generic taxonomy, anatomy, histology. Šutara J. (2008): Rod Xerocomus s. l. ve světle současného stavu znalostí. – Czech Mycol. -
Boletaceae), First Report of a Red-Pored Bolete
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 49: 73–97Neoboletus (2019) antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete... 73 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus Matteo Gelardi1, Claudio Angelini2,3, Federica Costanzo1, Francesco Dovana4, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana5, Alfredo Vizzini4 1 Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 2 Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 3 National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 4 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 5 US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA Corresponding author: Alfredo Vizzini ([email protected]) Academic editor: M.P. Martín | Received 18 January 2019 | Accepted 12 March 2019 | Published 29 March 2019 Citation: Gelardi M, Angelini C, Costanzo F, Dovana F, Ortiz-Santana B, Vizzini A (2019) Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus. MycoKeys 49: 73–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 Abstract Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. appears to be the only red-pored bolete known from the Dominican Repub- lic to date. It is reported as a novel species to science based on collections gathered in a neotropical lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. -
Diversity of Mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province
Proceedings of International Conference on Biodiversity: IBD2019 (2019); 21 - 32 Diversity of mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park, Trat Province Baramee Sakolrak*, Panrada Jangsantear, Winanda Himaman, Tiplada Tongtapao, Chanjira Ayawong and Kittima Duengkae Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Chatuchak District, Bangkok, Thailand *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Diversity of mushrooms at Mu Ko Chang National Park was carried out by surveying the mushrooms along natural trails inside the national park. During December 2017 to August 2018, a total of 246 samples were classified to 2 phyla Fungi; Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. These mushrooms were revealed into 203 species based on their morphological characteristic. They were classified into species level (78 species), generic level (103 species) and unidentified (22 species). All of them were divided into 4 groups according to their ecological roles in the forest ecosystem, namely, saprophytic mushrooms 138 species (67.98%), ectomycorrhizal mushrooms 51 species (25.12%), plant parasitic mushrooms 6 species (2.96%) termite mushroom 1 species (0.49%). Six species (2.96%) were unknown ecological roles and 1 species as Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Singer are both of the ectomycorrhizal and plant parasitic mushroom. The edibility of these mushrooms were edible (29 species), inedible (8 species) and unknown edibility (166 species). Eleven medicinal mushroom species were recorded in this study. The most interesting result is Spongiforma thailandica Desjardin, et al. has been found, the first report found after the first discovery in 2009 at Khao Yai National Park by E. Horak, et al. Keywords: Species list, ecological roles, edibility, protected area, Spongiforma thailandica Introduction Mushroom is a group of fungi which has the reproductive part known as the fruit body or fruiting body and develops to form and distribute the spores. -
“Boletes in Alberta” by Martin Osis
BOLETI IN ALBERTA These are lecture notes from our July 2003 monthly meeting given by Martin Osis. The information was gathered from “Mushrooms of North West North America“ by Helene Schalkwyk, “ Boleti of Alberta” by Randy Currah & Sean Abbott (1989) as well as some personal experience. The tips for identification are meant to point out some of the more obvious differences or the tings to watch out for to help direct the identifier to the correct literature to verify positive identification. Most of the mushrooms listed I have found myself except for Boletus zelleri, Fuscoboletinus aeruginascens, Fuscoboletinus serotinus, and Leccinum niveum. IN GENERAL, WE CAN DIVIDE BOLETES FOUND IN ALBERTA INTO THREE GROUPINGS. MOST GUIDES LIST MANY MORE GENERA BUT THESE HAVE NOT BEEN FOUND HERE YET. THEY ARE: • BOLETUS • SUILLUS - FUSCOBOLETINUS • LECCINUM AS USUAL THE BEST METHOD TO IDENTIFY THE MUSHROOM YOU HAVE IS BY THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION. BY UNDERSTANDING THE MAJOR GROUPS WE CAN QUICKLY ELIMINATE THE MAJORITY OF MUSHROOMS LEAVING US WITH GROUPINGS WE CAN NARROW IN ON. - WHEN LOOKING AT BOLETES, THE FIRST STEP WOULD BE TO MAKE SURE WE ARE LOOKING AT A MUSHROOM WITH TUBES AS OPPOSED TO GILLS OR OTHER SPORE DISPERSAL MECHANISMS. THE ONE AREA OF POSSIBLE CONFUSION IS WITH POLYPORES. POLYPORES DIFFER IN THAT THE HAVE “PORES” RATHER THAN TUBES. THE DIFFERENCE IS THAT TUBE LAYERS ARE DEEP AND PORE LAYERS ARE NOT. THINK OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PORES ON YOUR SKIN & A SPONGE. THE OTHER DIFFERENCES ARE THAT POLYPORES ARE USUALLY TOUGH AND WOODY, MOST OFTEN GROWING ON WOOD. -
Sutorius: a New Genus for Boletus Eximius
Mycologia, 104(4), 2012, pp. 951–961. DOI: 10.3852/11-376 # 2012 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Sutorius: a new genus for Boletus eximius Roy E. Halling1 Zambia and Thailand represent independent lineag- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical es, but sampling is insufficient to describe new species Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126 for these entities. Mitchell Nuhn Key words: biogeography, boletes, Boletineae, Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, phylogeny, ribosomal DNA Massachusetts 01610-1477 Nigel A. Fechner INTRODUCTION Queensland Herbarium, Mount Coot-tha Road, Boletus eximius Peck was proposed as a new name by Toowong, Brisbane, Queensland 4066, Australia Peck (1887) for Boletus robustus Frost (1874) non Todd W. Osmundson Fries (1851). Since then, this idiosyncratic bolete Berkeley Natural History Museums and Department of from northeastern North America has been placed in Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Ceriomyces (Murrill 1909), Tylopilus (Singer 1947) and University of California, Berkeley, California 94702 Leccinum (Singer 1973). Because Murrill’s concept of Kasem Soytong Ceriomyces can be discounted as a mixture of several Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s modern genera, placement of B. eximius has been Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, based primarily on either color of the spore deposit Thailand or the type of surface ornamentation of the stipe. Thus, Smith and Thiers (1971) were inclined to con- David Arora sider the spore color (reddish brown) more nearly P.O. Box 672, Gualala, California 95445 like that of a Tylopilus whereas Singer (1973, 1986) David S. Hibbett judged that the stipe ornamentation was of a scabrous Manfred Binder nature as in a Leccinum. -
Mycotaxon, Ltd
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2012. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/121.23 Volume 121, pp. 23–27 July–September 2012 A new species of Xerocomus from Southern China Ming Zhang 1, 2, Tai-Hui Li 1*, Tolgor Bau 2* & Bin Song1 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry—Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base), South China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China 2Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China *Correspondence to: *1 [email protected], *[email protected] Abstract — Xerocomus puniceiporus, discovered from Heishiding National Nature Reserve in Guangdong province of China, is described as new. The new species is morphologically distinctive because of its small basidioma, greyish ruby to purplish red pileus hairs or scales, reddish purple stipe, and yellow tubes with reddish purple pores. Its rDNA ITS sequence differs from any known sequence of Xerocomus and Boletus. The holotype is deposited in the Fungal Herbarium of Guangdong Institute of Microbiology (GDGM). Key word — taxonomy, Boletales Introduction Xerocomus, which is considered to have a broad concept, is a heterogeneous mixture of several groups of species (Singer 1986, Ladurner & Simonini 2003) and is not monophyletic (Šutara 2008). Some mycologists have incorporated Xerocomus into Boletus, whereas others still treat it as an independent genus (Watling & Hills 2005, Hills 2008). At least 45 Xerocomus species have been reported in China (Bi et al. 1993, 1997; Chiu 1948, 1957; Li & Song 2000, 2003; Teng 1939, 1963; Zang 1996, 2006; Zang et al. -
Retiboletus, a New Genus for a Species-Complex in the Boletaceae Producing Retipolides1
Feddes Repertorium 113 (2002) 1–2, 30–40 Berlin, April 2002 Universität Regensburg, Fakultät für Biologie und Vorklinische Medizin, Botanisches Institut, Regensburg Clark University, Department of Biology, Sackler Science Building, Worcester, Massachusetts M. BINDER & A. BRESINSKY Retiboletus, a new genus for a species-complex in the Boletaceae producing retipolides1 With 3 Figures and one Table Summary Zusammenfassung Boletus ornatipes and B. retipes are two closely Retiboletus, eine neue Gattung für einen Arten- related species in North America, which cannot be Komplex mit Retipoliden innerhalb der Bole- differentiated by morphological and anatomical taceae characters. The 25S rDNA was partly sequenced from several isolates of B. ornatipes, B. retipes, and Boletus ornatipes und B. retipes sind zwei nahe allied species in the Boletaceae to aid identification. verwandte Arten in Nordamerika, die durch morpho- The phylogenetic analysis using maximum likeli- logische und anatomische Merkmale nicht unter- hood suggests that both species are differently dis- schieden werden können. Ein Teil der 25S rDNA tributed. In addition, our results are supported by a mehrerer Isolate von B. ornatipes, B. retipes und previous study of HELLWIG (1999), separating three verwandten Arten wurde sequenziert, um die Identifi- groups in the B. retipes/ornatipes-complex based on zierung zu unterstützen. Die phylogenetische Analyse chemotaxonomical characters. Retipolides form the unter Verwendung von Maximum Likelihood weist major pigments in presently analyzed B. ornatipes auf eine unterschiedliche geographische Verbreitung and B. retipes collections and are also detected in beider Arten hin. Zusätzlich werden unsere Ergebnis- B. flavoniger. This group of secondary metabolites se durch eine vorhergehende Studie von HELLWIG is unique in the Boletales (for distribution of (1999) unterstützt, in der chemotaxonomische Merk- pigments in Boletales see GILL & STEGLICH 1987) male zur Abgrenzung dreier Gruppen im B. -
Revision of Leccinoid Fungi, with Emphasis on North American Taxa
MYCOLOGIA 2020, VOL. 112, NO. 1, 197–211 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1685351 Revision of leccinoid fungi, with emphasis on North American taxa, based on molecular and morphological data Michael Kuo a and Beatriz Ortiz-Santana b aThe Herbarium of Michael Kuo, P.O. Box 742, Charleston, Illinois 61920; bCenter for Forest Mycology Research, Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The leccinoid fungi are boletes and related sequestrate mushrooms (Boletaceae, Basidiomycota) Received 30 April 2019 that have traditionally been placed in Leccinum, Boletus, Leccinellum, and a handful of other less Accepted 23 October 2019 familiar genera. These mushrooms generally feature scabers or scaber-like dots on the surface of KEYWORDS the stipe, and they are often fairly tall and slender when compared with other boletes. They are Basidiomycota; Boletaceae; ectomycorrhizal fungi and appear to be fairly strictly associated with specific trees or groups of Octaviania; Chamonixia; related trees. In the present study, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among the Leccinellum; Leccinum; leccinoid fungi and other members of the family Boletaceae using portions of three loci from Rossbeevera; Turmalinea;10 nuc 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1), and the RNA polymerase II second- new taxa largest subunit (RPB2). Two DNA data sets (combined 28S-TEF1 and 28S-TEF1-RPB2), comprising sequences from nearly 270 voucher specimens, were evaluated using two different phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Five major clades were obtained, and leccinoid fungi appeared in four of them. -
Boletus Rubricitrinus Belongs in Pulchroboletus (Boletaceae)
CZECH MYCOLOGY 69(2): 143–162, NOVEMBER 10, 2017 (ONLINE VERSION, ISSN 1805-1421) Boletus rubricitrinus belongs in Pulchroboletus (Boletaceae) ARIAN FARID*, ALAN RUSSELL FRANCK,JAMES ROY GAREY Herbarium, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, ISA2015 Tampa, FL 33620, USA *corresponding author; [email protected] Farid A., Franck A.R., Garey J.R. (2017): Boletus rubricitrinus belongs in Pulchro- boletus (Boletaceae). – Czech Mycol. 69(2): 143–162. The boletes are macrofungi which have undergone extensive taxonomic revisions since the advent of molecular tools. This paper provides the first DNA sequences of Boletus rubricitrinus, a common Florida bolete often found in lawns under Quercus, and likely has a distribution that extends to Texas. Based on ITS and LSU sequences and morphological studies we propose moving it to the genus Pulchroboletus. As the holotype is in poor condition, an epitype is established here. A thorough de- scription of macroscopic and microscopic features is also provided for the species. These molecular and morphological data will be useful to further improve our understanding of bolete taxonomy. Key words: Basidiomycota, Boletales, phylogeny, taxonomy, epitype. Article history: received 5 August 2017, revised 11 October 2017, accepted 20 October 2017, published online 10 November 2017. Farid A., Franck A.R., Garey J.R. (2017): Boletus rubricitrinus patří do rodu Pul- chroboletus (Boletaceae). – Czech Mycol. 69(2): 143–162. Skupina hřibovitých hub prošla od nástupu molekulárních metod rozsáhlými taxonomickými re- vizemi. Tento článek přináší první sekvence DNA druhu Boletus rubricitrinus, běžného floridského hřibu, který často roste v trávě pod duby a jeho rozšíření zasahuje pravděpodobně po Texas. -
Amino and Fatty Acids of Wild Edible Mushrooms of the Genus Boletus
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Rec. Nat. Prod . 4:4 (2010) 218-223 Amino and Fatty Acids of Wild Edible Mushrooms of the Genus Boletus Valery M. Dembitsky 1*, Alexander O. Terent’ev 2 and Dmitri O. Levitsky 3 1 Institute for Drug Research, P.O. Box 12065, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91120, Israel 2 N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia 3 CNRS UMR 6204, Biotechnologie, Biocatalyse et Biorégulation, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes, 44037 Nantes Cedex 03, France (Received May 3, 2010; Revised July 13, 2010; Accepted August 5, 2010) Abstract: A comparative study on the free amino acids of 15 wild edible mushroom species belonging to the genus Boletus (phylum Basidiomycota) was developed. The major amino acids in the fruit bodies were arginine, alanine, glutamine, and glutamic acid. The most abundant fatty acids were oleic (9-18:1), linoleic acid (9,12- 18:2), and palmitic acid (16:0), but a great variation of the ester composition from one to another one was found. Chemical constituents were characterized by GC-MS, and other chemical methods. Keywords : Boletus ; mushrooms; amino acids; fatty acids; GC-MS 1. Introduction The distinctive Kingdom of Fungi attracts the attention of chemists due to a great diversity of polyunsaturated [1-4], hydroxy [5-7], halogenated [8], and other unusual acids [9,10]. Arseno [11,12] and betaine containing compounds [13,14] have also been found in wild fungi. Many biological active enzymes [15], including peroxidases [16], haloperoxidases [17], and others [18] have been isolated from different fungi and used in the chemical science and industry [19]. -
Four Tylopilus Species (Boletaceae) New to Taiwan
Taiwania, 49(2): 109-117, 2004 Four Tylopilus Species (Boletaceae) New to Taiwan Chien-Ming Chen(1, 3), Yuan-San Ho(1), Wen-Neng Chou(2) and Tzy-Chau Lin(1) (Manuscript received 21 April, 2004; accepted 18 May, 2004) ABSTRACT: Four species of Tylopilus (Boletaceae) are reported as new records in Taiwan. They are Tylopilus albofarinaceus (Chiu) Tai, Tylopilus gracilis (Peck) Henn., Tylopilus neofelleus Hongo, and Tylopilus vinosobrunneus Hongo. KEY WORDS: Tylopilus albofarinaceus, Tylopilus gracilis, Tylopilus neofelleus, Tylopilus vinosobrunneus, Taiwan. INTRODUCTION Hymenophores of fungi in the genus Tylopilus (Boletaceae) are white or pale grayish white in color when young, and become vinaceous or reddish brown when old. Their spore deposits are vinaceous, vinaceous-brown, purplish brown or rusty ferruginous, but rarely olivaceous tint. There are two distribution centers of Tylopilus in the world: the tropical Asia and Central America (Singer et al., 1991). According to the specimens collected by Chen et al. (1999), the taxa of Tylopilus in Taiwan are similar to those in the northeast Asia and those from the southwest China. However, there are eight species of this genus previously reported from Taiwan (Chen and Peng, 1998) far less than known from the northeast Asia and the southwest China which have 31 taxa (Imazeki and Hongo, 1989; Ying and Zang, 1994). In this paper we describe four other species which are all new records to Taiwan. Up to the present, a total of 12 species of Tylopilus have been found in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of fresh fruit bodies of boletes were collected and brought back to the laboratory.