Local Adaptation for Life-History Traits in Silene Latifolia
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Identification of White Campion (Silene Latifolia) Guaiacol O-Methyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Veratrole, a Key Volatile for Pollinator Attraction
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2012 Identification of white campion (Silene latifolia) guaiacol O-methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of veratrole, a key volatile for pollinator attraction Gupta, Alok K ; Akhtar, Tariq A ; Widmer, Alex ; Pichersky, Eran ; Schiestl, Florian P Abstract: BACKGROUND: Silene latifolia and its pollinator, the noctuid moth Hadena bicruris, repre- sent an open nursery pollination system wherein floral volatiles, especially veratrole (1, 2-dimethoxybenzene), lilac aldehydes, and phenylacetaldehyde are of key importance for floral signaling. Despite the important role of floral scent in ensuring reproductive success in S. latifolia, the molecular basis of scent biosyn- thesis in this species has not yet been investigated. RESULTS: We isolated two full-length cDNAs from S. latifolia that show similarity to rose orcinol O-methyltransferase. Biochemical analysis showed that both S. latifolia guaiacol O-methyltransferase1 (SlGOMT1) S. latifolia guaiacol O-methyltransferase2 (SlGOMT2) encode proteins that catalyze the methylation of guaiacol to form veratrole. A large Km value difference between SlGOMT1 ( 10 M) and SlGOMT2 ( 501 M) resulted that SlGOMT1 is31-fold more catalytically efficient than SlGOMT2. qRT-PCR expression analysis showed that theSlGOMT genes are specifically expressed in flowers and male S. latifolia flowers had 3- to 4-folds higher levelof GOMT gene transcripts than female flower tissues. Two related cDNAs, S. dioica O-methyltransferase1 (SdOMT1) and S. dioica O-methyltransferase2 (SdOMT2), were also obtained from the sister species Silene dioica, but the proteins they encode did not methylate guaiacol, consistent with the lack of ver- atrole emission in the flowers of this species. -
Untangling Phylogenetic Patterns and Taxonomic Confusion in Tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with Special Focus on Generic
TAXON 67 (1) • February 2018: 83–112 Madhani & al. • Phylogeny and taxonomy of Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries Hossein Madhani,1 Richard Rabeler,2 Atefeh Pirani,3 Bengt Oxelman,4 Guenther Heubl5 & Shahin Zarre1 1 Department of Plant Science, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran 2 University of Michigan Herbarium-EEB, 3600 Varsity Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, U.S.A. 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1436, Mashhad, Iran 4 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 40530 Göteborg, Sweden 5 Biodiversity Research – Systematic Botany, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany; and GeoBio Center LMU Author for correspondence: Shahin Zarre, [email protected] DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/671.6 Abstract Assigning correct names to taxa is a challenging goal in the taxonomy of many groups within the Caryophyllaceae. This challenge is most serious in tribe Caryophylleae since the supposed genera seem to be highly artificial, and the available morphological evidence cannot effectively be used for delimitation and exact determination of taxa. The main goal of the present study was to re-assess the monophyly of the genera currently recognized in this tribe using molecular phylogenetic data. We used the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast gene rps16 for 135 and 94 accessions, respectively, representing all 16 genera currently recognized in the tribe Caryophylleae, with a rich sampling of Gypsophila as one of the most heterogeneous groups in the tribe. -
Section Elisanthe)
POPULATION GENETICS AND SPECIATION IN THE PLANT GENUS SILENE (SECTION ELISANTHE) by ANDREA LOUISE HARPER A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Biosciences The University of Birmingham 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with speciation and population genetics in the plant genus Silene (section Elisanthe). The introductory chapter is a literature review covering characteristics of the species studied, and the current literature on their evolutionary dynamics and population genetics. The second and third chapters cover techniques used in all experiments, such as DNA extraction, sequencing and genotyping protocols, and explain the rationale behind the initial experimental design. The fourth chapter focuses on the multi-locus analysis of autosomal gene sequences from S. latifolia and S. dioica. The relationship between the two species was investigated using various analyses such as isolation modeling and admixture analysis providing estimates of evolutionary distance and extent of historical gene flow. The maintenance of the species despite frequent hybridization at present-day hybrid zones is discussed. -
Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date
Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY Equisetum arvense L. Field Horsetail FF Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail LRB Equisetum hyemale L. ssp. affine (Engelm.) Stone Common Scouring-rush BS Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun Smooth Scouring-rush WM Equisetum variegatum Scheich. ex Fried. ssp. Small Horsetail LRB Variegatum DENNSTAEDIACEAE BRACKEN FAMILY Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Bracken-Fern COF DRYOPTERIDACEAE TRUE FERN FAMILILY Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ssp. angustum (Willd.) Northeastern Lady Fern FF Clausen Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Bulblet Fern FF Dryopteris carthusiana (Villars) H.P. Fuchs Spinulose Woodfern FF Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. Ostrich Fern FF Onoclea sensibilis L. Sensitive Fern FF Polystichum acrostichoides (Michaux) Schott Christmas Fern FF ADDER’S-TONGUE- OPHIOGLOSSACEAE FERN FAMILY Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rattlesnake Fern FF FLOWERING FERN OSMUNDACEAE FAMILY Osmunda regalis L. Royal Fern WM POLYPODIACEAE POLYPODY FAMILY Polypodium virginianum L. Rock Polypody FF MAIDENHAIR FERN PTERIDACEAE FAMILY Adiantum pedatum L. ssp. pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern FF THELYPTERIDACEAE MARSH FERN FAMILY Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott Marsh Fern WM LYCOPODIACEAE CLUB MOSS FAMILY Lycopodium lucidulum Michaux Shining Clubmoss OF Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh Ground-cedar COF SELAGINELLACEAE SPIKEMOSS FAMILY Selaginella apoda (L.) Fern. Spikemoss LRB CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Juniperus communis L. Common Juniper Jun-E DS Juniperus virginiana L. Red Cedar Jun-E SD Thuja occidentalis L. White Cedar LRB PINACEAE PINE FAMILY Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch Tamarack Jun LRB Pinus banksiana Lambert Jack Pine COF Pinus resinosa Sol. ex Aiton Red Pine Jun-M CF Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List 1 Pinery Provincial Park Vascular Plant List Flowering Latin Name Common Name Community Date Pinus strobus L. -
An Ethnobotany of Mount Rushmore National Memorial
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Masters Projects Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Summer 2019 An Ethnobotany of Mount Rushmore National Memorial Meredith Savage University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/larp_ms_projects Part of the Landscape Architecture Commons Savage, Meredith, "An Ethnobotany of Mount Rushmore National Memorial" (2019). Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Masters Projects. 92. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/larp_ms_projects/92 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Landscape Architecture & Regional Planning Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AN ETHNOBOTANY OF MOUNT RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning University of Massachusetts Amherst Master of Regional Planning Project Meredith S. Savage July 2019 © Copyright by Meredith S. Savage 2019 All Rights Reserved AN ETHNOBOTANY OF MOUNT RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning University of Massachusetts Amherst Master of Regional Planning Project Meredith S. Savage July 2019 Approved as to style and content by: __________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Brabec, -
The Asparagus Genome Sheds Light on the Origin and Evolution of a Young Y Chromosome
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 OPEN The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome Alex Harkess et al.# Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and 1234567890 Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single sup- pressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Y.Y. (email: [email protected]) or to J.H.L.-M. (email: [email protected]) or to G.C. (email: [email protected]). #A full list of authors and their affliations appears at the end of the paper NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 8: 1279 | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01064-8 ver the last century, cytological and genetic evidence has development and promote male function. -
Saponaria Bargyliana Gombault (Caryophyllaceae)
TurkJBot 30(2006)63-70 ©TÜB‹TAK ResearchArticle Saponariabargyliana Gombault(Caryophyllaceae):ANewRecord forTurkeyandAnalysisofItsMorphologicalCharacterswith RelatedSpecies BirolMUTLU* ‹nönüUniversity,FacultyofScienceandArts,DepartmentofBiology,44280Malatya-TURKEY Received:18.10.2004 Accepted:05.12.2005 Abstract: Previously, Saponariabargyliana Gombaultwasknownonlyfromitstypelocality,thenorthofSyriaintheNosaïris mountains,whichwaspublishedbyGombaultin1962.DuringafieldtripinJune2002toErzin(Hatay)district,thespecieswas collectedforthesecondtimefromanewlocalityfarfromits locusclassicus.Thus,thisspecieswasdescribedasanewrecordfor thefloraofTurkey.Thedescriptionofthisspecieswasexpandedanditsgeographicaldistribution,habitat,floweringtimean d conservationstatusarediscussed.Quantitativeandqualitativeanalysisof Saponariabargyliana andcloselyrelatedspeciesis discussed.Elevenquantitativecharacterswereusedinalineardiscriminantanalysis.Inthediscriminantanalysis,themostu seful charactersforseparatingparticularspecieswereselected:seednumber,calyxnervenumber,coronalscalelength,calyxteethlength andpetalwidth.Withthese5mostimportantcharacters,100%ofplantswerecorrectlyclassifiedintothedesignatedgroups.T he analysisshowedthat S.bargyliana,S.officinalis L.and S.glutinosa M.Bieb.aredistinguishedbythequantitativemorphological characters.Calyxhairarrangementandtheconditionofthepedicelhairsarethemostimportantqualitativecharactersinthe identificationofthesespecies. KeyWords: Caryophyllaceae,Saponaria,newrecord,morphology,lineardiscriminantanalysis Saponariabargyliana -
Ex Situ Conservation Using in Vitro Methods in Some Caryophyllaceae Plant Species from the Red List of Vascular Plants in Romania
EX SITU CONSERVATION USING IN VITRO METHODS IN SOME CARYOPHYLLACEAE PLANT SPECIES FROM THE RED LIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN ROMANIA IRlNA HOLOBIUC, ANCA PAUNESCU. RODICA BL~NDU The d~minlshingof the genetic resources of the plants strongly imposed the development of new conservation techniques. In vltro techniques allow the increase of the propagation rate and the obtaining of a healthy material. In the case of the endangered plant species with a reduced number of individuals. seed ster~lityand lo^. lntrapopulatlonal variability. the rn vrtro techn~ques represent the onl? vidble conservation method. The alm of our study 1s to elaborate micropropagatlon and conservation protocols for a medlum-term perlod In some Catyophyllaceae endemic specles 7 he species taken in study are Dlanthus callrzonus Schott et Kotschy. D~frnthzls tenztrfollus Schur. Cerastium transs~lvunicumSchur. Dianthus splcirl~ol~usSchur and Dianthus superbus L. ssp. alpestrls Kablik ex Celalr Key words. m vitro, conservation, endemic Catyophyllaceae. INTRODUCTION The drastical reduction of the number of plant species from the entire world became the most important concern of botanists and ecologists. While not all rare plants are endangered, the most endangered plants are almost always rare. The factors that determine the rarity are mainly the anthropic activities and randomic environmental events (the climate changes, the loss of seeds, and the failure of the pollination). From about 12.000 plant species in Europe, over 2000 have been considered rare or endangered (3). In Romania, Bo~caiuet al. (3) specified 608 taxons with different degrees of vulnerability belonging to different lUCN categories (1 7.6% from the total number of species). -
Herbivory Affects Male and Female Reproductive Success Differently In
DOI: 10.1111/eea.12337 15TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INSECT-PLANT RELATIONSHIPS Herbivory affects male and female reproductive success differently in dioecious Silene latifolia Maria Litto1, Giovanni Scopece1,2*, Silvia Fineschi2, Florian P.Schiestl3 & Salvatore Cozzolino1,2 1Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Via Cinthia, I-80126, Naples, Italy, 2Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, and 3Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich,€ Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich€ Switzerland Accepted: 30 March 2015 Key words: floral traits, flower number, phenology, resource allocation, reproductive efforts, Spodoptera littoralis, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Caryophyllaceae Abstract In dioecious plants, reproductive efforts of male and female plants can be differentially affected by herbivory due to sex-specific allocation and re-modulation of resources. Here, we investigate the effects of foliar herbivory by the polyphagous species Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on male and female reproductive traits of Silene latifolia (Poir.) (Caryophyllaceae). We set up experimental populations of male and female control and Spodoptera-infested plants and esti- mated flower morphology and phenology, and plant reproductive success. Herbivory did not affect floral traits involved in visual signalling to pollinators (flower size). Female reproductive success did not differ between Spodoptera-infested and control plants in terms of seed set and seed germination. On the other hand, Spodoptera-infested male plants produced fewer flowers than male control plants and maintained fewer flowers during flowering peaks. By experimental reduction in male flower number, we showed that male flower number is directly correlated with male reproductive success (pollen export to female flowers). -
Davis's Green Pitaya Echinocereus Viridiflorus Var. Davisii Houghton
Davis’s Green Pitaya Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Houghton And Nellie’s Cory Cactus Escobaria minima (Baird) D.R. Hunt (Syn. Coryphantha minima Baird) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Austin Ecological Services Field Office Austin, Texas 5-YEAR REVIEW Davis’s Green Pitaya / Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Houghton Nellie’s Cory Cactus / Escobaria minima (Baird) D.R. Hunt (Syn. Coryphantha minima Baird) 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 Reviewers Lead Regional Office: Southwest Regional Office (Region 2) Susan Jacobsen, Chief, Threatened and Endangered Species, (505) 248-6641 Wendy Brown, Recovery Coordinator, (505) 248-6664 Julie McIntyre, Regional Recovery Biologist, (505) 248-6663 Lead Field Office: Austin Ecological Services Field Office Adam Zerrenner, Field Supervisor, (512) 490-0057 x 248 Chris Best, Texas State Botanist, (512) 490-0057 x 225 1.2 Purpose of 5-Year Reviews: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is required under section 4(c)(2) of the endangered Species Act (ESA) to conduct a status review of each listed species once every 5 years. The purpose of five-year reviews is to evaluate whether or not a species’ status has changed since it was listed, or since completion of the most recent 5-year review. Our original listing as endangered or threatened is based on the five threat factors described in section 4(a)(1) of the ESA. In the 5-year review, we first review the best available scientific and commercial data on the species, focusing on any new information obtained since the species was listed or last reviewed. -
Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae -
Enemy Release Mitigates Inbreeding Depression in Native and Invasive Silene Latifolia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/401430; this version posted August 28, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 1 Title 2 Enemy release mitigates inbreeding depression in native and invasive Silene latifolia 3 populations: experimental insight into the role of inbreeding × environment interactions in 4 invasion success 5 Running title: 6 I×E interactions in a plant invader 7 Type of article 8 Research article 9 Authors 10 Karin Schrieber1,2, Sabrina Wolf2, Catherina Wypior2, Diana Höhlig2, Stephen R. Keller3, 11 Isabell Hensen2,4, Susanne Lachmuth2,4 12 1Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Chemical Ecology, 33615 Bielefeld, 13 Germany 14 2Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Geobotany & Botanical 15 Garden, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany 16 3University of Vermont, Department of Plant Biology, Burlington, VT 05405, U.S.A. 17 4German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 18 Leipzig, Germany 19 Corresponding author 20 Karin Schrieber 21 Bielefeld University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Chemical Ecology 22 Universitätsstraße 25 23 D-33615 Bielefeld bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/401430; this version posted August 28, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 2 24 GERMANY 25 Phone: +49 (0) 521 106 67317 26 E-mail: [email protected] 27 No. of 28 Words (total): 8736 29 Words (main body): 5138 30 Figures: 4 31 Tables: 1 32 References: 76 33 Supporting information: 2 34 Provision of data 35 All datasets that support this article will be deposited in Dryad in case the article should be 36 editorially accepted for publication.