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OF _THE 'VOqJME XVIII. PARI1. ,PObNA..' -· ... -. (· . Under Governmarvt Orders.·· ··--~·.~· - .;..,._.._...__ . t 'i. -~~.......... ,""'~ THE names of contributors are given iii the body of the book. · Spacial acknoivledgmen~s are. due to Messrs. J. G. l\fooro, C. S., A. Keyser, C.S., John McLeod Campbell, C. S., W. M. Fletcher, Superintimdent Revenue Survey, and to Rav 8aheb Narso Rarnchandra, Secretary- Poona City Municipality. T]le papal'S written by the late Mr. G. H. Johns, C. S. on the Places of Interest were of the greatest value. ;,. Much help was also received· -from Mr. H. E. Winter, C.S., Colonel C. D'U. La'l'ouche, Cantonment Magistrate,· and Messrs. yrr, Jr. A. Wallinger, District Forest Officer, A. H. Plunkett, City Magistrate, and S. Kyte, Police Inspector. Oclobel' 1881,.. CONTENTS. POONA. Chapter I.-Description. PAOB Position and Area; Boundaries; Sub-Divisions; Aspect 1-2 Hills ; Rivers ; Lakes 3-8 .Geology 9-12 Climate: Seasons ; Rninfall ; ·. 'I' em perature ; Barometric Pressw:e ; Vapour ;.Cloudiness; Fogs; Winds 13-28 Chapter II.-ProductMn. ., · ~' Minerals o . o .. 29- 30° 31-53 Forests ; T:ees 0 Dome8uc Animals : (\(en ; Cows ; Buffaloes ; Horses ; Asses ; Mules ; Sheep ; Goats; Camels; Dogs and Cats ; Fowls; Pigeons 54-68 WildAnim~o o 69-70 Snakes . o 0 o o 0 0 0 ~-0 71-86 Fish 87-93 Chapter Illo-Populationo 0 Census Details; Houses ; Villages ; Communities; Movements o 94-98 0 HINDUS: BR..i.HM.A.Ns OJ.itpavans ,.0 99 -158 Deshasths; Devrukhes; Dravids; Govardhans ; Gujaratis; Javals; Ks.nojs; KarMdas; Ka.sths; Marwaris; Shenvis; Ta.ilangs; Tirguls; Vidurs 0 159-184 WRIT.F.BS Dhruv Prabhua; Kayasth Prabhus 0 185-192 Patane Prabhus o 0 193-255 Vebllia o 0 256-260 TRADERS Agsrvals ; Bangars; BMtyas ; Bra.l1mBrKshatris; Kirads; Komtis; Lingayats; Lohamls; Tambolis; Gujarat Vanis; Marwar Vanis; Vnishyn Vanis 0 261-279 HUSBANDMEN Baris ; Kachis 0 280-283 Kunbis o 0 284-308 1\'Ialis ; Pahadis 0 309'-313 CnAFTSl'IIEN Ba.dMis; Beldars; Bhadbhunjas; BMvsars; Buruds; Cham bhars; Ga.undis; Ghisadis ; Halvais ; Jinga.rs; Kacharis; Kasars; Kataria; Khatris; Koshtis; K urn bhars; Lakhe.ric_,. ii CONTENTS. LoMrs; Lonaris; Niralis; Otaris; Patharvats; Rauls; unE S.Uis ; Sangars ; Shimpis ;_Sonars; Sultanlmrs; Tam bats; Telis; Zarekaris . 314-377 .MUSICI~NS Ghadses; Guravs . 378 • 379 SERVANTS Nh8.vis ; Parits . 3b0 - 383 SHEPHERDS Dha.ngars ; Gavlis . 384-386 FlsHEitS Bhois ; Kolis . 387-392 LABOURERS Bhnndaris ; Chhaparbnnds ; Kamathis ; Kal6.ls·> Lodhis; Rajputs ; Raddis 393-405 I UNSETTLED TRI1!ES Berads ; Bhils; Kaikadis; Kathkaris; Phlisepardhis 406-408 Ramoshis . "" .-...... · 409- 4<!4 Thakurs-; Vadars; VanjarlS .. 425-430 DEPRESSED CLASSES • D hors ; Ha.lhlkhors ; Mhars ; M.tn,"S . 43l. 443 BE.OGA..BS Aradhis ; BMmttls ; Bharadis i BMts; Bhutes; Chitrakathis ; . Gondhlis; Gosavis; Holars; Jangams; Jogtins ;"Joharis; Kauphates; KQ!hatis; MaubMvs ; Pauguls; Sarvade J oshis ; Sahadev J oshis ; TirmU.lis ; U chlias ; V aghes and Murlis ; V aidus 1 V asudrvs ; Virs . 444 - 480 MusALIILL'<s • ~ · .u~-·. 481 - 505 BE..'<E-lSRAELS - :-"'; ·~ • 506 - 535 CnRIST!ANS; PARS!B; CHINESE • 536- 538 Appendix· A. Spirit basis of the rule in favour of child-marriage 539 Appendix B- Spirit basis of the rille· aga.in5t widow-marriage . 540-542 Appendix c. Traces of polyandry .-543-546 Appendix D. Origin of ornaments . 547-552 Appendix E. Spirit-possession . 553-559 Appendix F. Special Funeral Rites • . 560-565 INDEX . 1)67 - 576 INDEX. A. Baris..: husbandmen, 280-283. ~ Barometric Pressure: mean pressure ; month! Adultery: Uchfuls' punishment for, 474-476. variations ; pressure in loc&l ciyil hours ;JUonthl Agarvals : traders; 262-263. - · ra:nge of pressure, 2.'3 - 25. ~ Agates: 30. • Bartondi: Morinda oitrifolia, 44. Age Details: 95, Barutgars: MusalmM firework makers, 493. Ahupe: hill, 4. Basalts: columns, balls, dikes, 10-12. Ain: Termina.li& tomentosa, 41. Batrasi: peak, 5. · Air: observations on tho vaponr in, 26-27, Bead Necklace : ceremony of fastening tu/3j, 28~ Akshayatritiya: Hindu holiday, 243. Beggars : Aradhis, Bh:lmMs, · Bharadis, BMtsJ Alitkers: see Snltllnkars. Bhutes, Chitrnkathis, Gondhlis, Gosavis, Hola.rs,l Amba: mango tree, 41. Jangams, Jogtins, Job4ris, Kllnphates, KolMtisJ Amygdaloid: rook, 9-13. Mllnbh:lvs, P4ngals, Sarvade J'oshis, Sshade..,j Ancestor-worship : 201. J e.shis, TinnAlis, V4ghe.s, V aid us, V <isudevs,~ Ancestral Dinner :among Ben•-Israels, 517' Vira, 444-431._ j .A.ndhra: river, 8. Bel : ..£gle marmelos, 43. j Anjir :fig tree, 41. Beldars: quarrymen, 316-319. Apophylite :stone, 30. Bene-Israels: history, settlement, appearance, .A. pta: Banhinia raoemosa, 42. language, houses, food, dress, cOndition, .ca.Iling~ Arabi: breed of cattle, 56 . religion, customs, community, synagogue, 506 Jl .A.radhis :beggars, 444 - 446. 536. Area: I. Berads : unsettled tribes, 406. Ark-vivaha: snn marriage, 560-561. Betel-Palm: 53,· .A.rya Somvanshi Kshatris :see Jingars. Bhadbhunjas: grain parchers, 319-322, Asaras : female ghoete, 553. Bhairav: village god, 289, Aspect : 2-3. Bhama' rive.r, 7. Asses:65. Bhamtas: see Uchli<is. Atonement: ceremony, 146-147. Bhandaris: distillers, 393-394. Attars: Mnsalmlln perfumers, 4!J2. Bharadis: beggars, 446-447. Audichs: Gujarat Bra.hmans, 163. Bh&ta , bardS, 44'/; - -- - .A.vla: Phyllanthus emb!ica, 42. Bhatyaras : MuaalmM cooks, 504 • BMtyas: traders, 266. · Bhavani: village goddess,'289-290. Babhul: tree, 42. Bbavsars : dyers, 322-325. Badam : almond tree, 43. Bhils : unsettled tribes, 406. Badhais: carpenters, 314-316. Bhima, river, rise, eoarae, bank, bed, tributaries, Bagbans: Masalm4n fruiterers, 499. 6. Bhimashankar: hill, 4. Bahva: Cassia fistula; 43. Bhimthadi: breed of horses, 61-63. Bakar Kasabs: mutton bntchere, 500. Bhois: fishers, 387-389. Baltul: Mimasops elengi, 44. Bhokar : Cordia latifolia, 43. Balls: basalt, ll. Bhonsles : origin of; 285. Bangars : traders, 263- 265. :Shutes : beggars, 448. llanian: tree, 54. Bibb& : the marking-nut, 43. Baobab :tree, 46. Biroba: village god, 269-290. Barbers : 380- ~sa. 568 INDEX. Birth Ceremonies: of the Chitptvaus, ll2-H6; Chakota.r: citron, #. Govardha.ns, 161-162; Gujarnti Brahmans, 164; ChB.mbhars·: tanners, 326. 331. Kanoja, 168; ShenTIB, 176; Tailanga, 181-182; Chandan: snndal tree, 44. Dhru..- Pra.bhns, 186·187; PA~e Prabhus, 220· ChB.pha : Michelia. champaca, 45. 222; Bangdra, 264;Bra.hmaKsha.tris, 267; Kirda., ChB.r : Bncbanania latifolia, 45; 268; Lingayats, 271 ; Gujarnt Vllnis, 275; Baris, Character: of the Cbitpavane, 108 and note 5 ; 281; Knnbis, 296-298; PAh:!.dis, 310-311; Knnbia, 288 and note 1, 291 ~ote 1, 296 note 2; Badh~, 315; Beldars, 317; Bhadbhnnj:l.B, 320; U chli:l.B, 467. Bbdvsdra, 323; Bnruds, 325'326; Chambhars, ChB.va.nd: hill, 4. 327, 330; Ganndis, 331; Gllisadia, 334·335; Cbequered Water Snake: 76 · 77. Halvais, 338; Jingare, 341 ; Khatrio, 346 ; Chhaparbands: thatchers, 394 · 395. Koshtis, 348; KJimhMrs, 349 ; . Otaris, 356; Child Marriage : origin of the cnatcm of, 539. ·ruuJs; 360; Salis, 362·363; Shimpis, 368, 371; Chinch : tamarind tree, 45. Gqmvs, 379 ; · 1-inavis, 381 ; Gavlis, 386 -387 ; Chinese : 538. Bhois, 388 ;Kolis, 392-393; Chhaparba.nds, 394· Chiplunas: see Cbitp~vans. 395 ; Kamathis, 396 ; Lodhis, 399; Rajpnte, 402· Chitpavans : Bra\hm.ms,_ origin, settlement, riae, 403,; Ramosbie, 415; Vadara, 427; Vanjdris, family stocks, surnames, appearance, language, 429 ; Dhora, 43.~ ; Halalkhors, 437 ; MMrs, 442 ; houses, furniture, food, dress, ornaments, charac· Mango, 443. 444 ; · Cbitrakatbie, ·449 ; Holars," tcr, occupations, daily life, religion, birth, sixth_ · 453; J angams, 454 ; Sarvade J osbia, 460 ; ·day, snn-ahowing, b!rtbday,-abaving;threaif;gird: Uchlills, 470.·471 ; M~, 488 ; Bene-Israela, ing, marriage, puberty, pregnancy, and death 525-528. ceremonies, 99 • 158. Birthday: Chitpdva.n ceremonies on, 115-116. Chitpols: see Chitp~vans. Jlirthplace Details : 94. Chitra.kathis : pictnre-ahowmen, 448 • 450. ~lackwood_: tree, .o2. Christians : 536. · Blind Snakes :72. Circumcision: ceremony of the Muaal~, 489; llohoras: Mnsalm.1ns, 497 • 498. · Bene-Israela, 528 • 529. Bonfire : 292 • 293. Climate : aeasons, rainfall ,aonrce of rain· aupply, trooth Spirit :·worship of, 200. temperature, thermometer readings, barometric iBor: Zizyphus jnjuha, 44. preaanre, vaponr, cloudiness, dews, fogo, mists, air, winds, 13 .. 28. ==~~ ~~Avan wo~hlp ~f, 129·1~. Cloudiness : 28. \Brahms.· Kshatria : traders, 266 • 267. Cobra.: anake, 81. fBrahmanjais :see Vidurs. Cobra's Hood: sea Nagphani. LBrB.hma.ns: Cbitpavans, Deahasths, Devrnkhea, Cocoa. Palm : 49. Dravids, Govardbans,.Gnjadtis, Javala, Kanojs, Columns<basaltic, 10 ·11. Karh4d:l.B, ~ths, Marvadis, Shenvis, Ta.ilanga, Common Green Grass Snake : 77. 1 Tirguls, Vidnra, 98 · 185, Communities : 96 · 98. rahma.purush: Brahman ghost, 553-554. Cooke : Dr. T., 29 note 3. r!J.nd,lng : 300. Coussmaker : Major G., 54 note 2, 68 note 2. 1 nckil: ._ - _ -convad: practice of the lying· in husband, 144 ~BuffaJ.oes : 60-.61. note l. IBuilding Stone: 29. Covenants: Bene·Israel's marriage, 520 and note Buruds: bamboo-workers, 325 • 328. 2. c. - Cowherds :57 note 2. Ca.mels: 68. Cows : breeds, nae, keep, iood, di.aense, aacre,dneas, Campbell: Mr. John McLeod, 1 note 1, 33 note 1. 55-60. ICarbonate of Soda: 30. · Cradling i Bene·Iorael ceremony, 529. Carpet Snakes : 78. · Craftsmen: Badh:l.is, .·Beld:l.ra, BhadbhnnJ4B, Caste Dinners: Shenvi, 175-176; Bene-larael, Bh:l.VB4ra, .B111'\lds, CMmbhalra, Ganndis, Gbisllo 609-510. dis, Halv~, Jinga.rs,