Integrated State Water Plan for Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K-6) of Krishna Basin

Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation Pune.

Chief Engineer (S.P) W.R.D Pune.

Integrated state water Plan for Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) of Krishna Basin

Osmanabad Irrigation Circle, Osmanabad K6 Lower Bhima Index

INDEX

CHAPTER PAGE

NO. NAME OF CHAPTER NO.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 0 1.1 Need and principles of integrated state water plan. 1 1.2 Objectives of a state water plan for a basin. 1 1.3 Objectives of the maharashtra state water policy. 1 1.4 State water plan. 1 1.5 Details of Catchment area of Krishna basin. 2 1.6 krishna basin in maharashtra 2 1.7 Location of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6). 2 1.8 Rainfall variation in lower Bhima sub basin. 2 1.9 Catchment area of sub basin. 3 1.10 District wise area of lower Bhima sub basin. 3 1.11 Topographical descriptions. 5 1.11 Flora and Fauna in the sub basin. 6

2.0 RIVER SYSTEM 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Status of Rivers & Tributaries. 11 2.3 Topographical Description. 11 2.4 Status of Prominent Features. 12 2.5 Geomorphology. 12 2.6 A flow chart showing the major tributaries in the sub basin. 13

3.0 GEOLOGY AND SOILS 3.1 Geology. 16 3.1.1 Introduction. 16

3.1.2 Drainage. 16 3.1.3 Geology. 16 3.1.4 Details of geological formation. 17

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3.2 Soils 18 3.2.1 Introduction. 18 3.2.2 Land capability Classification of Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6). 18 3.2.3 Soil Depth Classification of in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6). 19 3.2.4 Soil erodibility. 20 3.2.5 Soil physical properties. 20 3.2.6 Chemical properties. 21 3.2.7 Irrigability classification of soils. 23 3.2.8 Saline and alkaline soils. 25 3.2.9 Details of area of textural class. 25 3.2.10 Soil series. 26

4.0 HYDROMETEOROLOGY 4.1 Introduction. 34 4.2 Rainfall Phenomena. 34 4.3 Rainfall distribution 35 35 4.4 Meteorology. 4.5 Real-time data acquisition system. 36 4.6 Action plan for setting up hydro-meteorological stations. 36

5.0 AGRICULTURE 5.1 Introduction. 39 5.2 Land Use Pattern in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 ) . 40 5.3 Land Holding in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 ). 41 5.4 Area & Production for various Crops in Lower Bhima Sub 41 Basin (K6). 5.5 Water and Irrigation Requirement of Crops in Lower Bhima 43 Sub Basin (K6). 5.6 Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yields in Lower Bhima Sub 43 Basin (K6). 5.7 Water Saving Techniques in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6). 44 5.8 Agricultural Extension Services. 45

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6.0 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES 6.1 Preamble. 49 6.2 Krishna Basin. 49 6.3 Krishna Basin in maharashtra 50 6.4 Past Assessments of Availability of Water. 50 6.5 Data Available. 51 6.6 Methodology adopted for assessment of availability. 52 6.7 Water availability. 52 6.8 Approval of Chief Engineer, Planning & Hydrology, 55 Nasik.

7.0 GROUND WATER RESOURCES 7.1 Hydrogeology. 69 7.2 Groundwater behavior in the Lower Bhima Sub Basin. 69 7.3 Ground Water Availability. 72 7.3.1 Ground water recharge. 72 7.3.2 Ground water draft. 74 7.3.3 Stage of groundwater development and categorization of units. 74 7.3.4 Categorizations of areas for groundwater development. 74 7.3.5 Allocation of ground water resource for utilization. 75 7.3.6 Poor quality ground water . 76 7.3.7 Apportioning of ground water assessment from watershed to 76 development unit. 7.3.8 Additional Potential Recharge. 76 7.3.9 Recommendations of R&D Advisory Committee. 76 7.3.10 Criterion for Categorization of Assessment Units. 77 7.3.11 Long – term ground water level trend. 77 7.3.12 Categorization of Unit. 77 7.3.13 Future allocation of groundwater resources. 78

7.4 Groundwater Quality. 80 7.5 Groundwater Management plan. 81

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8.0 IRRIGATION 8.1 Introduction. 115 8.2 Necessity of Water Resources Projects. 115 8.3 Irrigation. 115 8.3.1 Flow Irrigation. 115 8.4 Planned Utilization for Irrigation Projects (Completed 117 projects) 8.5 Multi- purpose projects in the sub basin. 118 8.6 Interstate project in the sub basin . 118 8.7 Extent of area under Micro Irrigation. 118 8.8 Total no. of Wells in the Sub basin. 118 8.9 Lift Irrigation Schemes. 119 8.10 Sedimentation Survey. 119 8.11 Irrigation Backlog. 119

9.0 WATER CONSERVATION 9.1 Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub 135 Basin (K6). 9.2 Watershedwise Status of Soil & Water Conservation Works 136 in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6). 9. 3 Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub 136 Basin (K6). 9.4 Review of impact 139 9.5 Increase in Recharge. 140

9.5.1 Review of Impact. 123 9.6 A Status of water conservation Works [area up to 100 ha]. 140 9.7 Future projection. 141 9.8 Effect of water on conservation of work. 141 9.9 Construction & Maintenance. 142 9.10 Planning. 143

10 FLOODS 10.0 Introduction . 147 10.1 Rainfall. 148 10.2 Flood Management. 148

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10.3 Precautionary measure. 148 10.4 Details of flood prone village. 149

11.0 DRAINAGE 11.1 Introduction. 150 11.2 Identification and Norms of Damaged Area. 150 11.2.1 Identification of water logged area. 150

11.2.2 Identification and norms of salt affected area. 151 11.3 Drainage system. 151 11.4 Land Damage Index. 152

12.0 DRINKING WATER 12.1 Introduction . 153 12.2 Coverage of Scheme in the Sub Basin. 153 12.3 Population, Water Demand and Supply. 154 12.4 Management of Water Resources. 155 12.5 Distribution and Management (O&M) . 156 12.6 Management Plan and Infrastructure . 157 12.7 Special Consideration for Rural Water Supply Schemes. 157 12.8 Recycle & Reuse of Water for Irrigation . 158

13.0 INDUSTRIAL USE 13.1 Introduction. 163 13.2 Regulation of Water Supply in MIDC Areas. 163 13.3 Major Water Consuming Industrial sectors . 164

13.4 Industrial Use for Lower Bhima Sub basin. 164 13.5 Recycling & Reuse oF Water. 166

14.0 LEGAL ISSUE 14.1 Preamble. 169 14.2 First Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-I). 169 14.3Restrictions imposed on Maharashtra by KWDT-I. 171

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14.4 Provisions of Review. 171 14.5 Second Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-II). 172 14.6 Salient features of the Decision of KWDT-II. 172 14.7 Restrictions imposed on Maharashtra. 173 14.8 Use of Water Post Implementation of KWDT-II Decision. 174 14.9 Manner of Use Specified by KWDT-II. 175 14.10 Final order of further report of KWDT-II. 177 14.11 Extracted Agriment Amongst States 197 14.12 further report of KWDT-II order 199

15.0 TRAINS BASIN DIVERSION 15.1 Inter-Basin Diversion at National Level. 248 15.2 Inter-Basin Diversion at State Level. 248 15.2.3 Details of sanctioned Inter basin transfer at state level for 249 future use. 15.2.4 Krishna Marathwada Project. 249 15.3 Relevant facts of KWDT-II legal issue for K-6 lower Bhima 251 are as below. 15.4Recommendations of Study Groups / Commissions / 252 Committees Regarding Interbasin Transphers. 15.4.1 Fact Finding Committee for Drought Prone Area, (Sukthankar 252 Samiti), 1973 . 15.4.2 Maharashtra Water Irrigation Commission, 1999. 252 15.4.3National Water Policy, 2002. 252 15.4.4 State Water Policy, 2003. 252 15.5 An Overview of Difficulties, Gaps, Suggestions and 253 Recommendations.

16.0 OTHER SPECIAL REQUIREMENT 255 16.1 Water for Environment . 255 16.2. Water for Pisciculture . 255 16.3 Water for Tourism . 255 16.4 Water for Water Link (Navigation). 256 16.5 Water for Energy . 256

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17.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY 256 17.1 Introduction. 256 17.2 Lower Bhima Sub-Basin (K-6). 258 17.3 Probable Sources of Water Pollution in Lower Bhima Sub 259 Basin (K-6). 17.3.1 Urban Development. 259 17.3.2 Industrial wastewater. 259 17.3.3 Agricultural Practices. 259 17.3.4 Sand Dredging. 259

17.3.5 Lack of maintaining Minimum Water Level in River. 260 17.3.6 Algal Growth. 260 17.3.7 Siltation. 260 17.4 Sewage Generation Potential. 260 17.5 Industrial effluent potential. 260 17.6 Water Sampling and Quality Monitoring Stations. 261 17.7 Hydraulic & Organic Load. 261 17.7.1 Load Estimations for Sewage. 262 17.7.2 Load Estimations for Industries. 262 17.8 River Water Quality of Lower Bhima Sub-Basin (K-6). 262 17.9 Environment Management. 262 17.9.1 Control of Pollution at the Source. 263

17.9.2 Sewage Treatment Plants. 263 17.9.3 Sewage Irrigation (Short Term Temporary Relief). 263 17.9.4 Control of Pollution In the Path (Short & Long Term Relief). 264 17.9.5 Nallah Treatment using In-situ Phytoremediation. 264 17.9.6 Minimum Flow in the River. 264 17.9.7 Conservation & Best Possible Options for Improvement. 265

18.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 267 18.1 River Basin Agencies. 267 18.2 State Water Policy, 2003. 267 18.3 Maharashtra Act No. XV of 1996 . 267

18.4.1Present Staffing Pattern of MKVDC. 268

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18.4.2 Present Scenario . 268

19.0 USE OF MODERN TOOL 272 19.1 Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS in Integrated Management 272 of Water Resources . 19.2. Role of satellite Remote Sensing for Water Resources 274 Management . 19.3. Measurement Of Sugar Cane Crop Using Satellite . 277 . 19.3.1 Remote Sensing And GIS Technique (Case Study of 277 Khadakwasala Project) 19.3.2. Objective 277 19.3.3. Command area 277 19.3.4. Data Preparation 278 19.3.5 Methodology 279

19.3.6. Results 282 19.4.0. Real-time data acquisition system 282 19.4.2 Implementation in Krishna Basin 285 19.5.0 Data collection and Validation by Hydrology Project, 286 Nashik. 19.5.1 Introduction 286 19.5.2 Primary Validation 286 19.5.3 Secondary Validation 286 19.5.4 Hydrological validation 286 19.5.5 Interagency Validation 286 19.5.6. Procedure of validation 286 19.5.7 Data Storage & Dissemination 287

21.0 WATER BALANCE 21.1 Yield in the sub basin 291

21.2 Avaliablity and use of water 291 21.3 Sectional water demands for surface and ground water 292 21.4 Water avaliable for future use 293 21.5 Per capita availability of water 293 21.6 Water available per Ha. of cultivable area 293 21.7 Norms for catirization of sub basin. 294

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22.0 FINANCIAL ASPECT 295 22.1 Financial Planning 295

22.1.1 State Sector Schemes 295

22.1.2 Local Sector & Zilla parishad Schemes (upto 250 ha.) 297 22.2 Status of Districtwise Area Treated by Soil Conservation 297 Works 22.3 The financial aspects of soil and water conservation 298 schemes (less than 100 ha.) 22.4 Financial aspects of water supply schemes 298 22.5 Recycle & Reuse of Water for Irrigation 298 22.6 Future Projections 299

23.0 ACTION PLAN 303 23.1 Development Plan 303 23.2 Action Plan 303 23.3 Measures to be Taken After the Completion of the Scheme 304 23.4 Development Plan for Irrigation Projects 304

23.5 Development plan for water conservation (2015-2020) 304 23.6.1 Action Plan (2021-2025) 309 23.6.2 Action Plan (2026-2030) 310 23.7 Flood Management Action Plan 311 23.7.1 Flood plain zoning 311 23.7.2 Rule / Guide Curves 314 23.7.3 Actions to be taken by authorities of Water Resources 316 Department (Irrigation)in charge of Dams 23.7.4 Action to be taken by officers and Local Bodies regarding 316 Floods 23.7.5 Action after dam failure 318 23.7.6 Flood cushion 318 23.7.7 Flood protection works 319 23.8 Management Plan 319 23.8.1 Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project 319 23.8.2 Role Of PIM 320

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23.8.3 Prevention of Losses 320 23.8.4 Evaporation Control 321 23.8.5 Storage Lost Due to Sedimentation 321 23.8.6 Diversion of Irrigation Land to Non Agricultural Activities 322 23.9 Water Quality Plan 322 23.9.1 Ground Water Quality 322 23.9.2 Surface water Quality 322 23.9.3 Action Plan for prevention of River Pollution 322 23.10 Conclusion 326 24 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION 25 APPROVAL OF SWC

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List of Tables

Page Table No. Title No. Details of Sub basin wise catchment area in the Krishna Table-1.1 2 basin Table-1.2 Details of Latitude and Longitude of lower Bhima sub basin 2 Table-1.3 Details of rainfall variation in lower Bhima sub basin. 3 Table-1.4 Details of Total Catchment Area of lower Bhima sub basin 3 Table-1.5 Districts falling in K6 Basin & their area 3 Table-1.6 District wise profile of lower Bhima sub basin. 3 Table-1.7 Details of population in the lower Bhima sub basin. 5 Table-1.8 Catchment area of lower Bhima sub basins. 5 Table-2.1 Details of Rivers & Tributaries in the lower Bhima sub basin. 11 Spread of Lower Bhima sub basin in Osmanabad and Table-2.2 11 Solapur districts. Basins which lies at the boundaries of lower Bhima sub basin Table-2.3 11 (K-6) Table-2.4 Status of Prominent Features. 12 Land Capability Classification in Lower Bhima Sub Basin Table-3.1 18 (K6) Soil Depth Classification of in Lower Bhima Sub Basin Table-3.2 19 (K6) Table-3.3 Fertility status of soils in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) 20 Table-3.4 Soil Depth Classification 21

Table-3.5 Fertility status of soils in Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) 22

Table-3.6 Percentage of area of Soil irrigability Classes 24 Table-3.7 Details of area of textural class 26 Table-3.8 Soil Series in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) 26 Table-4.1 Average Rainfall in the Sub basin 34 Table-4.2 Annual rainfalls in the Sub basin 35 Table-4.3 GD Station under CWC 37 Table-4.4 GD Station under HP(SW) Maharashtra 37 Table-4.5 Rain gauge Station in the lower Bhima sub basin 37 Table-4.6 Meteorological parameters of lower Bhima sub basin 36 Table-4.7 Norm for setting up Hydro-meteorological stations 38

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Table-5.1 Land Use Pattern in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 ) 40 Table-5.2 Area covered under in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) 41 Area & Production for Various Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Table-5.3 41 Basin (K6) Area & Production for Various Fruit Crops in Lower Bhima Table-5.4 42 Sub Basin (K6) Water and irrigation requirement of crops in Lower Bhima Table-5.5 43 Sub Basin (K6) Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yields (Crop yield Kg./ha.) in Table-5.6 44 Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) Table-5.7 Water Saving Techniques in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) 44 Agricultural Research Stations in Lower Bhima Sub Basin Table-5.8 45 (K6) Table-6.0 Drainage area of sub basin. 50 Table-6.1 Location of nodal points. 51 Table-6.2 Sub basin wise catchment area 51 Table-6.3 Location of Rain-gauge stations. 53 Table-6.4 Water availability on the basis of observed annual flow series 54 Water availability on the basis of observed for longer period Table-6.5 55 series Table-7.1 Watershed-wise Groundwater Exploitation 79 Table-7.2 Details of Ground Water Status 80 Table-8.1(A) Status of Potential Created 116 Table-8.1(B) Details of completed, ongoing and future Projects. 116 Table-8.2 Planned Utilization for Irrigation Projects 117 Table-8.3 Details of area under micro irrigation 118 Table-8.4 Details of Recharge by wells and area irrigated by wells 118 Table-8.5 Lift Irrigation Schemes under construction in sub basin 119 Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Table-9.1 119 Basin (K6) Table-9.2 Watershedwise Status of Soil & Water Conservation Works 136 Abstract of Water Conservation Schemes in Lower Bhima Table-9.3 137 Krishna Sub Basin (K6) Table-9.4 Small scale irrigation 138 Table-9.5 Abstract of water conservation scheme 139 Table-9.6 Increase in Recharge of ground water 140 Table-9.7 Status of water conservation Works [area up to 100 ha] 140 Table-9.8 Status of Future Projection 141

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Table-9.9 Future Investment for Irrigation Development 141 Table-12.1 Domestic use 154 Table-12.2 Status of Water Supply Schemes 155 Table-12.3 Income and o&m expenditure 156 Table-12.4 Recycle & Reuse 158 Status of Water for Industries Agro based industries Sugar Table-13.1 165 industries Table-13.2 Details of Industries 165 Krishna marathawada project lift schemes with water Table-15.1 249 utilization. Table-15.2 Krishna Bhima stabilization links. 250 Table-15.3 Scheme of Krishna Bhima stabilization 250 Sensors Satellites data suitable for Water Resources Table-19.1 275 Management Table-19.2 Sugarcane Crop Life Cycle For Different Varieties 278 Table-19.3 Signature of Sugarcane Area in Satellite Data 280 Table-19.4 Summary of Results 282 Table-20.1 Water availability utilization of water present and future (2030) 291 Table-20.2 Availability of Water 292 Table-20.3 Sectioanal water demand 292 Table-20.4 Water use for future use 293 Table-20.5 Per capita availabliablity of water 293 Table-20.6 Water availability per Ha. of culturable area 294 Table-22.1 Completed Schemes 295 Table-22.2 Expenditure and Potential Created 295 Table-22.3 Status of Expenditure for Ongoing Projects 296 Table-22.4 Future Schemes (Administratively approved but not started) 296 Abstract of expenditure and potential (for completed, ongoing Table-22.5 296 and future schemes) Table-22.6(A) Completed Schemes 297 Table-22.6(B) Schemes in Progress 297 Table-22.6(C) Future Schemes 297 Status of District wise Area Treated by Soil Conservation Table-22.7 297 Works Table-22.8 Financial Planning 298 Table-22.9 Recycle & Reuse 299

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Table-22.10 Status of Future Projection 299 Annual action plan for rural water supply schemes in lower Table-23.1 304 Bhima sub basin. Table-23.2 List of Ongoing project in K-6 Sub basin 305 Table-23.3 List of Future project in K-6 Sub basin 306 Table-23.4 Ongoing Schemes 101 to 250 Ha. 307 Table-23.5 Ongoing Schems 0 to 100 Ha 307 Table-23.6 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha. 308 Table-23.7 Future Schemes 0 to 100 Ha. 308 Table-23.8 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha. 309 Table-23.9 Future Schemes 0 to 100 Ha. 309 Table-23.10 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha. 310 Table-23.11 Future Schems 0 to 100 Ha. 310 Details of Actual Storages and Actual Irrigation in Completed Table-23.12 319 irrigation projects Table-23.13 Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project. 319 Table-23.14 Action Plan for prevention of River Pollution. 322

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List of Annexures

Page Annexure No. Title No. Water Availability at Bori Umarga C.W.C. Gauging Annexure 6.1A 56 Station on Bori River of Bhima Sub Valley Water Availability at Chincholi C.W.C. Gauging Annexure 6.1B 57 Station on Venetura River of Bhima Sub Valley Annexure 6.1C Virgin Yield @ Kurnoor Dam Site 58 Annexure 6.2C Statement showing Annual W.A.R. of Koornur Dam 59 Statement showing the WAR & Yield at Kurnoor 60 Annexure 6.4C Virgin Yield @ Kurnoor Site 61 Statement showing annual war @ bori- umerga rgs Annexure 6.2A 62 (cwc) Water Availability at Chincholi C.W.C. Gauging Annexure 6.3B 63 Station on Venetura River Water Availability at Umarga C.W.C. Gauging Station Annexure 6.3A 64 on Bori River Statement showing annual war @ chincholi cwc rgs Annexure 6.2B 65 station Annexure 6.4A Virgin Yield @ Umarga RGS on 66 Annexure 6.4B Virgin Yield @ Chincholi RGS on Venetura River 67 Annexure 6.5 Vergin Yeild Of K 6 Sub Basin 68 Watershed and year wise Water levels of 51 Annexure No.7.1 85 Observation Wells distributed in 22 Watersheds Groundwater Recharge in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (k- Annexure No.7.2 94 6) Annexure No.7.3 Groundwater draft in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (k-6) 96 Recharge , draft and ground water availability in Annexure No.7.4 98 Lower Bhima Sub Basin (k-6) Watershed wise details of Wells in Lower Bhima Sub Annexure No.7.5 100 Basin Groundwater Balance and Stage of Development in Annexure No.7.6 101 Lower Bhima Sub Basin K6 : Lower Bhima Sub basin (Jalyukt Shivar Annexure No.7.7 102 Abhiyaan) Annexure No.7.8 District wise Groundwater Assessment 103 Annexure No.8.1(A) Project wise details of live storage. 120 Annexure No.8.1(B) Averege storage in Medium Project of Subbasin 121 Annexure No.8.2 List of Existing / Completed project in K-6 Sub basin 122 Annexure No.8.3 List of Ongoing project in K-6 Sub basin 124 Annexure No.8.4 List of Future project in K-6 Sub basin 125

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Average actual area irrigated in Medium Project of Annexure No.8.5(A) 126 Sub basin Annexure No.8.5(B) Actual irrigation of M.I. Project in the subbasin 127 Actual Storages and Actual Irrigation in Completed Annexure No.8.6(A) 128 irrigation projects. Annexure No.8.6(B) Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project. 129 Annexure No.8.7 Irrigation potential 130 The details of local sector scheme including storage Annexure No.8.8(A) & irrigation area is as below (Including local sector & 131 Z.P) Annexure No.8.8(B) Details of Irrigation area for local sector schemes 132 Abstract For Irrigation Projects for water storages Annexure No.8.9(A) 133 ( Including Completed, Ongoing & Future Projects ) Abstract Of Irrigation Projects for Irrigable area Annexure No.8.9(B) 134 ( Including Completed, Ongoing & Future Projects ) Annexure No.12.1 Present Use & Future Requirement of Water 160 Annexure No.12.2 Recycle and reuse of water 160 Annexure No.12.3 Status of water supply schemes 160 Annexure No.12.4 Income and o.& m. expenditure 161 Annexure No.12.5 Water losses from municipal corporation 161 Annexure No.12.6(A) Urban scheme 162 Annexure No.12.6(B) Rural scheme 162 Salient features of Kurnoor project Tq. Akkalkot are Annexure No.15.1 254 detailed as below Water Consumption, Wastewater Generation and Annexure No.17.1 265 Treatment capacity Details of individual industries & industrial estates in Annexure No.17.2 266 Lower Bhima Sub-Basin Locations of Ground Truth and Field Visit for Annexure No.19.1 Sugarcane Mapping in Command of 288 Khadakwasala Dam

Annexure No.22.1 Present Use & Future Requirement of Water 300 Annexure No.22.2 Recycle and reuse of water 300 Annexure No.22.3 Status of water supply schemes 301 Annexure No.22.4 Income and o.& m. expenditure 301 Annexure No.22.5 Water losses from municipal corporation 301 Annexure No.22.6(A) Urban scheme 302 Annexure No.22.6(B) Rural scheme 302

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List of Maps

Page Map No. Title No. Map No.1.1 Index map 7 Map No.1.2 Krishna Basin map of Maharashtra 8 Map No.1.3 K-6 map 9 Map No.1.4 Tahsilwise map 10 Map No.1.5 Satellite image 10.1 Map No.2.1 Majar drainage of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 14 Map No.2.2 GSDA Water shed map 15 Faults and Lineaments map of lower Bhima sub basin (K- Map No.3.1 27 6) Map No.3.2 Land use / Land cover map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 28 Map No.3.3 Slope map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 29 Map No.3.4 Soil erosion map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 30 Map No.3.5 Soil texture map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 31 Map No.3.6 Transport Network map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 32 Map No.7.1 Watershed map of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 104 Map No.7.2 Geomorphology of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) 105 Observation well location Map of lower Bhima sub basin Map No.7.3 106 (K-6) Actual Pre-Mansoon 2014 GW levels of lower Bhima sub Map No.7.4 107 basin (K-6) Actual Post-Mansoon 2014 GW levels of lower Bhima sub Map No.7.5 108 basin (K-6) Depletion in Ground Water levels Observed in May 2014 Map No.7.6 109 Compared with last 5 years average Depletion in Ground Water levels Observed in October Map No.7.7 110 2014 Compared with last 5 years average Pre-Mansoon Water Quality Map of lower Bhima sub basin Map No.7.8 111 (K-6) Post-Mansoon Water Quality Map of lower Bhima sub Map No.7.9 112 basin (K-6) Pre-Mansoon Water Quality (TDS) Map of lower Bhima Map No.7.10 113 sub basin (K-6) Post-Mansoon Water Quality (TDS) Map of lower Bhima Map No.7.11 114 sub basin (K-6)

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

01 Introduction

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

CHAPTER-1 – INTRODUCTION

1.1 Need and principles of integrated state water plan.

Integrated Development and Management of Water Resources (IDMWR) is a process, which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and the related resources to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystem and environmental aspects.

The need and principle of preparing a master plan for integrated state water plan arises from the fact that the resource i.e. water is limited while its demand is vast for many purposes such as irrigation, drinking, industrial, energy generation, navigation etc. The various uses of water by storing, lifting and economical use need to be studied in view of losses of water either by evaporation, conveyance, leakages etc. Therefore the guiding factors for integration of water with various parameters like rainfall, runoff, ground water, geological and climatic conditions, irrigation for agriculture, water for drinking & industries, environment, type of soils etc. need to be studied so as to get equitable distribution (present and future) with respect to above parameters with maximum benefits at minimum cost.

1.2. Objectives of a state water plan for a basin.

The objectives of a State Water Plan for a basin are : a. To prepare a long term integrated plan for the development of the basin’s surface and ground water resources. b. To identify and set priorities for promoting water resources development projects c. To formulate a short term action plan consistent with financial allocations and priorities of the State Government. d. To identify steps to promote water conservation and preservation and enhancement of water quality.

1.3. Objectives of the Maharashtra state water policy

Integrated, Multi Sectoral and River Basin Approach to adopt an integrated and multi sectoral approach to water resources planning, development and management on a sustainable basis taking river basin / sub-basin as a unit. The water resources of the State shall be planned, developed managed with a river basin and sub-basin as the unit, adopting multi-sectoral approach and treating surface and sub-surface water with unitary approach. The management of the water resources of the State shall be decentralized to the lowest practicable level on the basis of Hydrological or water shed units. The State shall be divided into 5river drainage basins and appropriate river basin agencies shall be established within each river basin. Water Resources Development Corporations shall be established within each river basin. The river basin agencies shall have the responsibility and authority for the integrated planning, development and management of the water resources and water sheds of their respective river basins for flood management, drought management and operation and maintenance of water storage and delivery infrastructure. These river basin agencies shall prepare integrated river basin plans with effective inclusion and participation of representatives of all basin water user entities, categories of water users and other stake-holders. Such basin plan shall include a development plan, long term operation plan, a monitoring plan, comprehensive water shed management plan, an efficient improvement and water conservation plan and a waste minimization and water quality management plan.

1.4 State water plan

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

Based on the water resources management and development plans developed by the respective river basin agencies, the State shall prepare a State Water Resources Plan to promote a balanced development and by proper coordination among diverse water uses, which shall include structural measures, operational measures, watershed management measures, demand management measures such as conservation, scarcity scheduling and efficient technologies, water pollution control measures and monitoring measures that will assure comprehensive sustainable management of the water resources and equity in water distribution for the benefit of the State and its people.”

1.5 krishna basin

The river Krishna rises in the western ghats at an altitude of 1337 meters just north of Mahabaleshwar about 64 Km. from the Arabian Sea and flows from west to east through the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh before it joins to the bay of Bengal. The major tributaries of Krishna are Koyna, Warna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Bhima, Tungbhadra, Musi, Palleru and Maneru. The Government of India had appointed Krishna Godavari Commission in 1961 to review the position of availability of supplies in Krishna and Godavari rivers. Krishna Godavari Commission divided the Krishna basin into 12 sub-basins designated from K1 to K12, which has since been followed by Krishna Water Disputes Tribunals.

1.6 Krishna Basin in Maharashtra:

Out of total catchment area 251369 Sq km of Krishna basin 69425 Sq km area lies in Maharashtra. Krishna basin in Maharashtra consists of 5 sub basins namely K1, K2, K3, K5 and K6. The sub basin wise catchment areas of Krishna basin in Maharashtra as per page 47 of Bachawat Tribunal report are as under:

Table-1.1 Details of Sub basin wise catchment area in the Krishna basin Area in Sq.Km. Catchment area in Percentage Sr. No. Sub basin Maharashtra Catchment area 1 K1-Upper Krishna 17128 24.67 2 K2-Middle Krishna (Agrani) 1388 2.00 3 K3-Ghatprabha 2010 2.90 4 K5-Upper Bhima 45335 65.30 5 K6-Lower Bhima 3564 5.13 Total 69425 100

1.7 Location of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) :

Area of lower Bhima Sub basin is spread over east of sina sub basin and extends up to Bhima river on south side.

Table -1.2 Details of Latitude and Longitude of lower Bhima sub basin From To N״18º10’00 ״Latitude 17º20’00 E״00׳76º35 ״00׳Longitude 75º55

Location map of basin is attached as per Map No. 1.1

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

1.8 Rainfall variation in lower Bhima sub basin:

Rainfall variation in K6 basin ranges from maximum 1124 mm to min 242 mm

Table – 1.3 Details of rainfall variation in lower Bhima sub basin.

Sr.No Location Max rainfall Min Rainfall Average Rainfall 1 Kurnoor dam 1103 406 712 1988-89 1998.99 2 Bori Omarga 1124 242 747 1990-91 1972-73 3 Chincholi 1058 255 644 1983-84 1986-87

1.9 Catchment area of sub basin:

1.9.1. Total Catchment Area of lower Bhima sub basin & Area in State is as below.

Table – 1.4 Details of Total Catchment Area of lower Bhima sub basin.

Total Catchment area of Percentage Catchment Catchment area of K6 basin (Sq.Km) Krishna Basin in area of K-6 Maharashtra (Sq.Km )

3564 69425 5.13 %

1.9.2. Districts falling in K6 Basin & their area.

Table – 1.5 Districts falling in K6 Basin & their area

Sr. Description District Solapur District Total No. Osmanabad

1 2 3 4 6 1) Area in K6 Basin 1877 1687 3564 (Sq.Km)

1.9.3 Talukas in sub basin Osmanabad :- 1) Lohara 2) Omerga 3) Tuljapur Solapur :- 1) South Solapur 2) Akkolkoat Tahsil map of basin is attached as per Map No. 1.2

1.10 District wise area of lower Bhima sub basin : The geographical area of sub basin is 3564.00 Sq.km The sub basin covers Two district viz Osmanabad and Solapur district. Five talukas are covered partly. Total number of villages in the sub basin is 349 and there are 6 urban councils with population more than 10000. No district headquarters lies in the sub basin. 1.10.1 District wise profile of sub basin. Table – 1.6 District wise profile of lower Bhima sub basin. Sr. no Taluka Geographical Area Percentage to

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

Sub basin area. I Osmanabad district Tuljapur 629 Sq.km 17.64 % Lohara 181 Sq.km 5.07 % Omarga 877 Sq.km 24.60 % Total 1687.00 Sq.km 47.33 % II Solapur district Solapur (south) 423 Sq.km 11.86 % Akkalkot 1454 Sq.km 40.79 % Total 1877 Sq.km 52.67 % GRAND TOTAL 3564 Sq.km 100.00 %

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

1.10.2 – District wise Population (Year-2011) Table – 1.7 Details of population in the lower Bhima sub basin. In lakhs

District Sr. District Solapur Total Description Osmanabad No. (K-6) (K-6) 1 2 3 4 5 1) Population as in 2011 3.55 3.74 7.30

1.10.3 Lower Bhima sub basin Catchment Area details.

Table – 1.8 Catchment areas of lower Bhima sub basins. Area in Sq. km.

Sr. Description of Sub Area Percentage No. Catchment Area.

1 2 3 4 1) Bori 2582 72.45 2) Benitura 982 27.55 TOTAL 3564 100

1.11 Topographical descriptions

Lower Bhima Subbasin (K-6) Chapter 1 : Introduction

Lower Bhima basin (K-6) covers mainly Multi layered Deccan trap formed from Lava flows. In Deccan Trap rock, Compact basalt is predominant. In this, joints and cracks are also found. This sub basin covers 97% plateau and 3 % highly dissected and hilly area. Map No 1.3 Shows Major Drainage Map of K-6basin

Map No 1.4 Shows satellite image of K-6 basin.

1.12 Flora and fauna in the sub basin

1) The sub-basin covers area of fruit – bearing trees like Mango, Grapes, Guava, and Custard- Apple etc.. 2) Total forest area of sub basin is 45.17 Sq km. This is only 1.2 % of total sub basin area. As Such there are no substantial flora and fauna related to forest area available in the sub basin.

Government of Maharashtra

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CHAPTER

02 River System

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 2 : RIVER SYSTEM

CHAPTER-2 – RIVER SYSTEM

2.1 Introduction The krishna river and it's tributaries are an interstate river system flowing through the states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhrapradesh. K.W.D. Tribunal has classified Krishna Basin in 12 sub-basins. Out of 12 Sub-basins of Krishna river, drainage area of five sub basins namely K1, K2, K3, K5 & K6 are covered in Maharashtra .

2.2 Status of Rivers & Tributaries The Bori river is main river in east part of Krishna river basin, K-6. It is originating at Tuljapur Tq. Tuljapur Dist-Osmanabad. Total length of Bori river is 122 Km, having Catchment area 1917 Sq. Km. the details are as under.

Table-2.1 Details of Rivers & Tributaries in the lower Bhima sub basin.

Sr. Name of Length Catchment Origin Elevation Confluence Elevation Average No. river Area (Sq. Gradient (Km) km) (m) (m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Bori 122 2582 Tuljapur 640 Algadi 424 1:565 (Karnataka)

2 Benetura 48 982 Malegaon 661 Malkhed 394 1:180 (karnataka)

The spread of the sub basin under study lies in Osmanabad and solapur Districts and Talukas as shown in table.

Table-2.2 Spread of Lower Bhima sub basin in Osmanabad and Solapur districts.

Taluka Sr. No. Particulars Districts

1 2 3 4 1 Sub Basin Lower Bhima K-6 1.Osmanabad 1.Tuljapur 2.Lohara 3.Omeraga

2.Solapur 1.Akkalkot 2.North Solapur 3.South Solapur

Topographical Description The Topographical Description showing the four sides of the basin is as under

Table-2.3 Basins which lies at the boundaries of lower Bhima sub basin (K-6)

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 2 : RIVER SYSTEM

Sr. No. Direction Particulars 1 North Manjra Sub basin 2 East Andhra Pradesh 3 West Sub Basin Upper Bhima K-5 ( Sina basin ) 4 South Karnataka state

The other prominent features regarding this sub basin such as Topographical Area Watersheds, Cultivable Area, and Population etc as are under

Status of Prominent Features

Table- 2.4 Status of Prominent Features.

Sr. Features Unit Quantity No. 1 2 3 4 1 Topographical Area Sq.km 3564 2 Cultivable Area Sq.km 3439 3 Watersheds (mega) No. 7 4 Main Tributaries No. 2 5 Villages No. 349 6 Main Urban Centers (Nagar No. 6 Parishad) 7 Mahanagarpalika No. 0 8 Population (2011) Lakhs 7.30 9 Groundwater Net Mm3 458 Availability as per GSDA Publication 10 Utilizable Ground water Mm3 321.00 (70% of availability)

2.3 Geomorphology : In the Bori-Benetura Component 3 % area is highly dissected & hilly and remaining 97% is plateau. Transport network map and Satellite image map are attached as Map No.4 and Map No.5

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 2 : RIVER SYSTEM

2.4 A flow chart showing the major tributaries in the sub basin is given below

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CHAPTER

03 Geology and Soil

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Chapter 3: GEOLOGY AND SOIL

3.1 GEOLOGY

3.1.1 Introduction

The K-6 Lower Bhima Sub Basin is a part of Bhima basin which covers an area of 3564 Sq. km. which includes parts of, Solapur and Osmanabad districts comprising 22 watersheds. Annual rainfall in the Lower Bhima Sub Basin varies between 242 mm to 1124 mm. The maximum rainfall occurs in Washi taluka of Osmanabad district and minimum rainfall occurs in South Solapur taluka of Solapur district. Groundwater availability in the sub-basin is controlled by topography, geomorphology, lithology and geo-hydrology of the surface and subsurface rocks. (Map no 3.1 & 3.2) 3.1.2 Drainage

In the Lower Bhima Basin (K-6 Basin), Irrigation Research Division, Pune is not monitoring the affected area. The water availability in the sub basin is highly deficit. Five medium projects are in the basin. The damage area is not noticed yet.

3.1.3 Geology:- The entire area of the Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K-6) is occupied by the Deccan Trap formation represented by nearly horizontal lava flows of basaltic composition. These rocks have been considered to be a result of fissure type of lava eruption during Cretaceous-Eocene period. They have the tendency to form flat top hills giving rise to plateau comprising of lava flows each ranging from few meters up to 30 meters in thickness. As many as 48 lava flows have been reported. The traps when fresh are dark gray to pale brown in colour and are fine grained in their texture. The individual flow units in some areas are separated by thick layers of red clay material named as red bole. The occurrence of such red bole formation is widely seen in this district. The layers of fresh water sedimentary rocks, cherty limestone and clays embodied with Deccan basaltic flows are termed as inter-trappean beds which occur at sporadic localities. The namely, upper amygdaloidal zone, middle vesicular zone and bottom aphenitic zone. The vesicles in the lava flow are filled with secondary minerals of zeolitic group, calcite, agate, jasper and such other minerals. The lava flows can broadly be divided into following categories.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

1) Compact and massive basalt

2) Vesicular basalt

3) Amygdaloidal or zeolitic basalt

4) Flow breccias.

In Solapur district of K-6 Lower Bhima Sub Basin has 27 flows which have been reported so far. At places, red bole, separating the two flows has been observed. Generally the basalts are either massive with grey colour, pinkish with vesicles and of amygdaloidal nature. In most of the cases the vesicles are filled with zeolites and secondary silica group minerals. In typical flow unit the lower portion is generally massive which passes upwards in a vesicular or amygdaloidal horizon. Vesicles and amygdaloidal increase towards the top of the flow unit which merges into red bole and in-turn is overlain by the massive zone of the next younger flow unit. The Red bole, which is found on the upper portion of pink zeolitic basalt, varies in thickness from few cms. To about 8 meters. The origin of Red bole is controversial. However, it is of great importance in the district from the point of view of groundwater occurrence.

3.1.4 Details of geological formation : In Osmanabad district of (K-6) Lower Bhima Sub Basin the Deccan Trap have the tendency to form flat top hills giving rise to plateau comprising of lava flows each ranging from few meters up to 30 meters in thickness. The traps when fresh are dark gray to pale brown in colour and are fine grained in their texture. The individual flow units in some areas are separated by thick layers of red clay material named as red bole. The occurrence of such red bole formation is widely seen in this district. Alluvium – 0% Deccan Trap – 100%

[Source: - An Appraisal of Hydrogeological conditions of Solapur (1975), An Appraisal of Hydrogeological conditions of Osmanabad (1978), Directorate of Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Government of Maharashtra.]

A map Showing Faults and Lineaments in the sub basin is attached as Map no. 3.3

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

3.2 SOILS

3.2.1 Introduction

In any agricultural region or basin choice of appropriate crop is a basic need for successful farming. Soil is one of the most important factors for deciding crops and cropping systems. Information on soils and their characteristics are very useful to planners, administrators and decision makers for planning the basin for sustainable agricultural production. To take full advantage of soils for increasing productivity of crops, soil properties such as land capability class, texture, depth, slope, infiltration rate of water, available water content of soil, irrigability class etc. have been described below. The information given below pertains only to command area of 18600 ha of 9 projects out of total geographical area of Lower bhima sub basin K-6.

3.2.2 Land capability Classification of Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) is given in table 3.1.below. The suitable land for cultivation of this sub-basin is 92.45% with 30.99 % good cultivable land, 26.38 % moderately good cultivable lands and 35.00 % is fairly good land suitable for occasional cultivation.

Table-.3.1 Land Capability Classification in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No. Land Capability class K6 Sub Basin % of total area in District Area (ha.) each class

1 Class-I Very good cultivable land 359 0.08

2 Class-II Good cultivable land 146766 30.99

3 Class-III Moderately good cultivable land 124938 26.38

4 Class-IV Fairly good land suitable for 165726 35.00 occasional cultivation

Total Area of arable class (useful for crop 437789 92.45 production)

5 Class-V Nearly level land not suitable for cultivation because of stoniness 2007 0.42 wetness etc

6 Class-VI Steep slope highly erosion with 33080 6.99 shallow soil.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

7 Class-VII Steep slope with severe soil erosion resulting in eroded stony 656 0.14 and rough soil surfaces with shallow soil depth.

8 Class-VIII Very steep slope with very severe soil erosion resulting in very 12 0 eroded stony and rough soil surfaces shallow.

Total area of non arable class (useful for live stock production, forestry, recreation, tourism 35755 7.55 and wildlife)

Total 473544 / (356400) 100.00

A map showing Land Use/Land cover is attached as map No. 3.4

3.2.3 – Soil Depth Classification of in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

The soils depths in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) are given in the Table No 3.2. The percentage of Extremely shallow is 7.22% very shallow to Shallow is 36.36% followed by deep soils, slightly deep to moderately deep and extremely shallow soils is 22.30% and deep

soils above 45 cm depth is of 34.12%

Table-3.2– Soil Depth Classification of in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No Depth Range (cm) Area (%)

1 Extremely shallow 0 – 7.5 7.22

2 very shallow to Shallow 7.5 - 25 36.36

3 Slightly deep to Moderately deep 25 - 45 22.30

4 Deep 45 & above 34.12

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Table 3.3 Fertility status of soils in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr. No. Soil No. of soil Class No. of samples % Property sample observed analyzed

1 pH Acidic 57 0.10

58660 Neutral 20232 34.49

Alkaline 38371 65.41

2 EC (ds/m) Low 58431 99.61

58660 Medium 229 0.39

High - -

3 N Low 58660 100

58660 Medium - -

High - -

4 Available P Low 58660 100

58660 Medium - -

High - -

5 Available K Low - -

58660 Medium -

High 58660 100

3.2.4 Soil erodibility

A Map showing Erodibility of soil is attached as Map no. 3.5

3.2.5 Soil physical properties

Soils are dark brown to very dark grayish brown in color. The parent material from which soils are derived is basalt.

The soils depth determines the quality of soil from the point of view of crop production. Deep soils offer more volume for proliferation of plant roots and large area for absorption of water and nutrients. Table 3.4 below indicates that the soils in Lower Bhima sub basin K- 6 are

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

extremely shallow 8.89 % shallow 9.77 %, slightly deep to moderately deep 20.63 % and deep soils are 60.70 % .

Table-3.4 – Soil Depth Classification

Depth Range (cm) Area in ha. (%)

Extremely shallow 0 – 7.5 1654 8.89

very shallow to Shallow 7.5 - 25 1817 9.77

Slightly deep to Moderately deep 25 - 45 3838 20.63

Deep 45 & above 11291 60.70

Total 18600 100

3.2.6 Chemical properties

The Project wise test results of chemical properties of soil samples collected during pre irrigation soil survey in this sub basin are as below.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Table-3.5 – Fertility status of soils in Lower Bhima Sub basin K – 6.

Sr. Soil Property No. of soil Class Range No. of % sample samples No analyzed observed

1) pH 495 Acidic Below 6.5 0 0

Neutral 6.5 – 8.5 494 99.80

Alkaline Above 8.5 1 0.20

2) EC (dS/m) 495 Non saline 0 – 1dS/m 486 98.18

Slightly saline 1- 3 dS/m 0 0

Saline above 3 dS/m 9 1.82

3) Organic Low Carbon - Medium

High Not Observed 4) Available P Low

- Medium

High

5) Available K Low

Medium Not Observed High

Most of the soils of Lower bhima sub basin K – 6 are neutral in soil reaction. Only 0.20 % soils are alkaline in this basin. There is no problem of salt accumulation in view of low electrical conductivity. The soil analysis shows that 98.18 % soil samples are in the 0 – 1 dS/m ranges which is non saline. Only 1.82 % soil samples are saline having EC value more than 3 dS/m.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

3.2.7 Irrigability classification of soils:

The interpretation of soil & land conditions for irrigation is concerned primarily with predicting the behavior of soil under greatly altered water regime brought about by introduction of irrigation.

For irrigation projects special interpretations & classification of the soils for sustained use under irrigation are often required.

The soil survey of the command area is designed to ensure that all the interpretations are gathered during the course of soil survey. The soils are first grouped into soil irrigability classes according to their limitations for sustained use under irrigation. Special attention is given to the factors namely the drainability of the land and the predicted effect of the irrigation water as to soil salinity and alkalinity status of the soils under equilibrium condition with the irrigation water.

Soil irrigability classes are defined in terms of the degree of soil limitations for development and their requirement for irrigation as follows.

Class A : None to slight soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class B : Moderate soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class C : Severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class D : Very severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation

Class E : Not suited for irrigation (or non-irrigable soil classes)

Most of the soils occur A, B, D class of soil irrgability. The limitations need to be modified through adoption of irrigation and land management. The soil survey was carried out under Lower Bhima sub basin K – 6 and area distributed under various soil irrigability classes are as under.

A map showing Slopes of soil is attached as map no. 3.7

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Table-3.6 – Percentage of area of Soil irrigability Classes

Soil Irrigability Class Area surveyed under irrigation Percentage projects in ha.

A 3273 17.60

B 9568 51.44

C 3249 17.47

D 1027 5.52

E 1483 7.97

Total 18600 100

Classification suggested here above for Lower Bhima sub basin K – 6. In Maharashtra in this state perennial crops are strictly controlled for various reasons. Firstly topography variations in soil depth and salinity conditions and natural drainage conditions make it essential to limit the percentage of perennials such as sugarcane. Secondly high water requirements of perennials which ask for 8 to 12 times of the water required by seasonal crops, makes it necessary to restrict perennials so that irrigation benefits can be provided as large area as possible within a reasonable costs. It becomes, therefore necessary to indicate percentage perennials that can be allowed in various parts of the command areas. In view of the heavy water requirements of the perennials as compared to seasonal crops classification of land is primarily based on natural drainage conditions, other factors being given due considerations.

The command areas are, therefore classified into –

I) Areas where perennials can be allowed up to 10%

II) Areas where perennials can be allowed from 3% to 8%

III) Areas where perennials can be allowed from 3% to 5%

IV) Areas where perennials can be allowed up to 3%

V) (a) Areas where perennials can be allowed but seasonal or two seasonal crops could be allowed.

(b) Same as V (a) but where only Kharif crops are preferable because of excessive drainage (shallow soils).

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

VI) Areas which have to be excluded being high, excessively cut out or high to very high water table condition.

In the above classification, area within ¼ mile limit of villages, where no perennial crops allowed as per administrative orders in the state.

This is initial classification based on primarily natural drainage factor and also other soil-characteristics as revealed in the present soil survey. A continuous watch on behavior of sub soil water table will be necessary before and after introduction of irrigation. With the data obtained from such observations coupled with drainage provided later on through constructed. Drainage scheme as well as wells, classification will have to be modified from time to time, still a reasonable steady condition for water and salt balance are obtained in the command area.

A map showing Texture of soil in the sub basin is attached Map no. 3.8

3.2.8 Saline and alkaline soils

With the introduction of irrigation, salt accumulation in soils is induced. It is, therefore essential to monitor the nature of the salt affected soils.

At present no project command is monitored by DIRD for delineating water logging and salinity.

3.2.9 Details of area of textural class

Soil texture is more important in deciding crops, cropping systems and their productivity. It has a great influence upon soil structure, bulk density, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity, porosity and aggregate formation. It determines the soils suitability for the crops. This character of soil is related to storage of water and nutrients. Medium to fine textured soils can store maximum amount of moisture and nutrients and is more favorable to the crops. In Lower Bhima sub basin K- 6, about 87.16% of the area has fine textured soils and 12.84% with coarse textured soils.

The textural classes clearly indicate that major part of the sub-basin can be put to use for cultivation of different crops including horticulture. The soils are productive if managed properly.

The soils of this Sub Basin are derived from basalt rocks.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 3 : GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Table 3.7 – Details of area of textural class

Soil type Sandy clay & finer Loam & coarser

Medium Soil 52.18% 6.82%

Deep Soil 34.98% 6.02%

This would indicate that the medium soils are predominant in fine texture with 52.18% with 6.82% coarser texture in the basin. The deep soils with 34.98% fine texture and 6.02% coarser texture are observed in the basin.

3.2.10 Soil series

Some important characteristics of soil series correlated with soil series already formed are attached separately.

Table-3.8 Soil Series in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No. Soil Properties Soil Series

1 2 3

1 Physiographic North Deccan Maharashtra Upper Plateau undulating land

2 Parent material Basalt & basalt

3 Mode of Hard Basalt formation

4 Soil depth Ap

5 Texture loamy, mixed, isohyperthermic, Litchi Ustorthents.

6 Structure loam

7 Sub surface Well drained & moderate permeability drainage

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04 Hydrometeorology

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

4.1 Introduction

Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology that deals with problems involving the hydrologic cycle, the water budget, and the rainfall statistics of storms.

Rainfall is the most important input for the water resources of a basin. A clear understanding of the rainfall pattern in the basin and its spatial and temporal variability is thus essential. Other Metrological parameter wind speed, normal sunshine hours, radiation, humidity, maximum and minimum temperature are important for crop planning. The Catchment area of K6 sub basin is 3564 sq.km. The sub basin is roughly fern shaped.

4.2 Rainfall Phenomena

4.2.1 Pattern

The occurrence of water from atmosphere is in form of rain, dew and rarely in hails. However it is mainly in the form of rain in this sub basin. It occurs from formation of monsoon trough mostly in June to October and rarely due cyclonic showers in April & May.

4.2.2 Hydro Meteorological Network

In the K-6 sub basin, there are 8 rain gauge stations, 8 Gauge Discharge stations and 2 Full Climatic Stations, which have been maintained by Hydrology Project, Nasik and Water Resources Department, Government of Maharashtra.

Stations maintained by Hydrology Project, Nasik.

4.2.3 Weighted Average Rainfall in the Sub basin.

Year wise rainfall data from 1961 to 1997 was received from I.M.D. New Delhi for above three Rain gauge site and average rainfall for above three stations is as below.

Table 4.1 Average Rainfall in the Sub basin

1. Bori Omarga @ Bori river 747 mm 2 Chincholi Omarga @ Benitura River 649 mm 3 Kurnoor dam @ Bori River 652 mm

4 Average Rainfall for subbasin 712 mm

Max, min, & average rainfall in the sub basin is as below

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

Table 4.2 Annual rainfalls in the Sub basin

Parameter Annual Rainfall in MM Remark Max Rainfall 1171 Kunoor Nodal Point in 1988-89 Min Rainfall 242 Bori Nodal Point in 1973-74 Average Rainfall 712

4.3 Rainfall Distribution i) Temporal Distribution Most of rainfall occurs between June to October. Rest of the months is mostly dry. The rainfall data for the period of 1980 to 2013 is observed. It is found that the maximum daily rainfall occurred at Revechiwadi rain gauge station and it was 590mm. ii) Spatial Distribution

Rainfall recorded by rain gauge is point observation. However rainfall varies in space. This space variation is accounted for working out weighted average rainfall over the catchment by Thiessen polygon method. The Weighted Annual Rainfall (WAR) over various rain gauge stations is summarized.

4.4 Meteorology

The K6 Sub Basin is in semi-arid climate. The major meteorological attributes are temperature, humidity, evaporation, wind direction and speed and sun shine hours. If we observe the metrological data from 2002 to 2013, the minimum temperature observed at these stations was 6 deg Celsius and maximum temperature was 43 deg Celsius.

The hydrological parameters are useful in analyzing the quantum of water available in the basin while the meteorological parameters are useful to work out the crop water requirement and seasonal irrigation planning.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

Table 4.6 Meteorological parameters of lower Bhima sub basin

Sr Name of Location Wind Wind Atmospher Temp. Humidit Solar No station Dist./Taluka speed Direction ic (ºC) y radiati Pressure on (m/sec) ( ºN) (%) (hpa) (w/m2 ) 1 Bori Solapur/ 0.22 265 958 39.3 9.4 1038 Dam Akkalkot 2 Tuljapur Osmanabad/ 0.80 228 955.8 29.5 6.7 0 Tuljapur

4.5 Real-time data acquisition system

Hydrology Project, Nashik has developed real-time data acquisition system to collect data from hydro-meteorological stations. The collected data is validated at various levels and the same is published online on www.rtsfros.com/mahakrishna for the use of general public.

On this website the type and list of hydro-meteorological stations is given. We can also identify the location of the stations with the help of a map which is available on this website. After selecting the type of station and its location the current hydro-meteorological parameters at the selected stations are displayed.

4.6 Action plan for setting up hydro-meteorological stations

We need to predict hydro-meteorological parameters both for designing water resources project as well as for the management of water resources. However, for a given catchment area, we must have sufficient number of meteorological stations so that our predictions stands confirmed.

The current position of number of stations for K1 basin as against the standard norm is given below. We must assure that the norms should be strictly adhered to understand hydrometeorology of the basin with desired degree of accuracy.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

Table 4.3 GD Station under CWC

Sr .No. Name of station

1 Bori River – Taluka -Omarga

2 Chincholi on Bori River Taluka –Omarga

3 Kurnoor Dam On Bori River Taluka-Akkalkot

Table 4.4 GD Station under HP(SW) Maharashtra

Sr .No. Name of station

1 Lohara

2 Makani

3 Murum

4 Hama

5 Kadgoan Har.

6 Savargaon

7 Suratgaon

8 Surdi

Table 4.5 Rain gauge Station in the lower Bhima sub basin

Sr. Rain gauge Station Max. Min. Avg. No. Rainfall Rainfall Rainfall (mm) (mm) (mm)

1 Bori River Taluka Omarga 1124 241 747

2 Benitura River chincholi Tal. Omarga 1002 255 649

3 Kurnoor Dam on Bori River Tal. Akkalkot 1171 183 652

Average Rainfall for sub basin 1124 255 712

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER-4- HYDROMETEOROLOGY

The norm for setting up Hydro-meteorological stations & current scenario

Area of K6 basin - 3564.00 Sqkm

Table 4.7 Norm for setting up Hydro-meteorological stations

S.N. Type of Station Present no. of Norm Requirement stations Standard Rain 1 8 1 IN 500 sq.km 7 Gauge Station Automated Rain 2 0 1 IN 5000 sq.km 0 Gauge Station Gauge Discharge 3 8 1 IN 500 sq.km 7 Station Full Climate 4 2 1 IN 5000 sq.km 0 Station

References for norms: Sr. no. 1 & 2 : Hydrology Project (Technical Assistance) January 2001 Design Manual, Volume 3 - Hydro-meteorology, (WMO 1994) Table 3.2 - Minimum density of precipitation stations, Pg 29

Sr. no. 3 : Hydrology Project (Technical Assistance) January 2001 Design Manual, Volume 4 - Hydro- meteorology, Table 3.1 - Minimum density of hydrological network according to WMO

Sr. no. 4 : Hydrology Project (Technical Assistance) January 2001 Design Manual, Volume 3 - Hydro-meteorology, (WMO 1994) Table 3.4 - Minimum evaporation network per state Para 3.3.3 - Minimum evaporation network

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CHAPTER

05 Agriculture

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

CHAPTER-05 – AGRICULTURE

5.1 Introduction:

Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for more than 52 % of the population in rural areas. The arrival of monsoon and its distribution over the state of Maharashtra decides the production and productivity of food grains and other crops. Hence, the sustainability of agricultural production relies mainly on arrival of monsoon. It also governs the volume of water in irrigation reservoirs, limiting the area under irrigation in different cropping seasons. Therefore, state has the natural limitations for agricultural production in irrigated and scarcity areas. The main source of production is expected from the irrigated command areas of major, medium and minor projects. The state government is continuously striving for increasing the production and productivity of rainfed as well as of irrigated agriculture. Accordingly various schemes and projects are initiated and effectively implemented in the State by Agriculture Department. But it was necessary to improve productivity of water of irrigated agriculture by intensification and diversification under irrigation projects. The need to grow more food was felt during the 19th Century because of the increasing pressure of population. According to the recommendation of Famine Commission (1881), Agriculture Department was established in 1883. Work started with the aim of helping the rural community to achieve higher productivity in agriculture. Agriculture and Land Records Departments were functioning together till 1907. After getting encouraging results in an effort made during 1915-16 to stop soil loss, Mr Kitting, the then Agriculture Director started soil conservation work from 1922. Agriculture Department took up various land development activities with the enactment in 1942 and subsequent enforcement of Land Development Act in 1943. For the first time in 1943, the then Government prepared a comprehensive Agriculture Policy considering the problems in agriculture and allied sectors. According to this policy, emphasis was given on use of water as irrigation for agricultural crops. The post independence period from 1950 to 1965 is recognized as pre Green Revolution period. During this period several schemes were launched to boost growth of agriculture sector. Production of quality seeds through Taluka Seed Farms started during 1957. Emphasis was given on increase in irrigated area along with cultivated area during this period. A special campaign was launched in 1961-62 to encourage use of chemical fertilizers. Development of hybrid varieties of different crops since 1965-66 laid down the foundation of Green Revolution. Five year plans following this period specially emphasized development of agriculture. Nala bunding work was taken up along with land development work by the department since 1974 which led to increase in well and ground water level. Introduction of intensive agriculture, comprising of large scale use of improved seed, fertilizers, pesticides and available water helped increase in agriculture production. Lateron, considering the need for providing guidance to the farmers for proper and judicious use of these inputs, Training and Visit Scheme was launched in 1981-82. Valuable

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

contribution of this scheme through effective implementation of programs like Crop Demonstrations, Field Visits, Corner meetings, Workshops, Fairs, Exhibitions etc. aimed at transfer of technology from Agriculture Universities to farmer’s fields was evident from the increased agricultural production. Though we have become self sufficient in food grain production in spite of the tremendous increase in population, self sufficiency in agriculture is not the only aim of the state but assurance of more and more net income to the farmers through the efficient and sustainable use of available resources is more important. To achieve this, commercial agriculture should be practiced. Different schemes are implemented to increase agricultural production, export promotion and to encourage the agro processing industry with a view to take advantage of liberalized economy and Global trade. Thus, agriculture department is firmly stepping towards economic progress along with self sufficiency through agriculture and to achieve important position in the global agriculture produce market. The innovative horticulture plantation scheme under employment guarantee scheme implemented since 1990-91 by the state is a part of this policy. Recently the Department of Agriculture Government of Maharashtra is using the Information Communication technology to make the agriculture services more farmer driven and accountable. 5.2 Land Use Pattern in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 ) The land use pattern of districts in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) is given in the Table No.5.1. The total cultivable area of this Sub-basin is 90.54% of the geographical area of total sub basin. Net sown area is 67.29% and area sown more than once is 19.99 % whereas the gross cropped area of this sub-basin is 87.27% and cropping intensity is ...... %.

Table 5.1 Land Use Pattern in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 ) (Area: 00’ha.)

Sr.No Land Use Classification Total K6 Sub Basin % Districts (2010-2011) 1 Geographical Area 22363 100.00 2 Forest 397 1.78 3 Barren & uncultivable. 710 3.17 4 Land Under Non- Agril use 356 1.59 5 Culturable Waste land 908 4.06 6 Permanent Pasture 652 2.92 7 Misc.Trees & groves 80 0.36 8 Current Fallow 2257 10.09 9 Other Fallow 1956 8.75 10 Cultivable Area 20248 90.54 11 Net Area Sown 15047 67.29 12 Area Sown more than once 4470 19.99 13 Gross Cropped area 19517 87.27 14 Cropping Intensity (%)

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

5.3 Land Holding in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6 )

In Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) the percentage of marginal holding is 6.35%, small 23.49% and others is 70.16% to the total land holdings. The average holding of this sub- basin is 2.27 ha. Table-5.2 Area covered under in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) (Area in ha.) Sr.No. Category Range of No. of Area (Ha) Average Area Holding Farmers Per Head ( Ha) 1 Marginal 0-1 109728 70785.3 0.65

2 Small 1 -2 182104 261685 1.43

3 Other s Above 2 198034 781650 3.95

Total 489866 1114121 2.27

(Source: Agri Census 2010-11)

5.4 Area & Production for various Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) Area & Production for various Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) is given in the table No. 5.2. This sub- basin is having maximum area under cereals (53.66%), oil seeds (11.04%) and sugarcane (7.99%) and pulses (15.30%). Table 5.3 Area & Production for Various Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) (2013-14) Sr.No Crop Total Area of Crop in Avg. yield of State Avg. Sub Basin crops in sub basin Kg/ha. “00”ha. Kg/ha 1 Rice 219 1178 1925 2 Kh. Jowar 639 1078 1152 3 Bajra 3279 1015 1035 4 Ragi 28 1286 1144 5 Kh. Maize 985 3514 3541 6 Other Kh. cereals 78 526 533 7 Total Kh. cereals 5228 1494 1860 8 Tur 1872 918 906 9 Mung 246 671 483 10 Udid 617 640 617 11 Other pulses 190 337 444 12 Total Kh. Pulses 2925 801 742 13 Kh Ground Nut 192 839 1211 14 Kh seasamum 83 301 272 615 Nigger 63 317 321 16 Kh Sunflower 210 614 609 17 Soybean 2984 1773 1214 18 Castor seed 26 365 369 19 Total Kh Oil seeds 3558 1583 1187 20 Sugarcane 3150 76 82

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

Sr.No Crop Total Area of Crop in Avg. yield of State Avg. Sub Basin crops in sub basin Kg/ha. “00”ha. Kg/ha 21 Cotton 4731 1748 361 22 R. Jowar 12704 600 693 23 Wheat 2356 1324 1461 24 R Maize 800 1769 2472 25 Other Rabi cereals 19 384 396 26 Total Rabi cereals 15879 766 1041 27 Gram 3073 820 891 28 Other Rabi pulses 36 428 452 29 Total Rabi pulses 3109 816 864 30 Safflower 319 480 576 31 Linseed 82 268 263 32 Rabi seasamum 0 0 284 33 Sunflower 260 608 617 34 Other Rabi oilseeds 18 444 356 35 Total Rabi Oilseeds 679 502 516 36 Su. rice 0 0 2292 37 Su.Maize 51 1294 1281 38 Su. cereals 51 1294 1901 39 Su. G nut 115 1391 1364 40 Su. Sunflower 2 500 890 41 Su. Oilseeds 117 1368 1350 42 Total Cereals 21158 947 1481 43 Total pulses 6034 809 802 44 Total Oilseeds 4354 1409 1160 45 Total Foodgrains 27192 916 1250

Areas under different fruit crops are given in Table No.5.3.The major fruit crops grown in the sub -basin includes mango, custard apple, pomegranate, guava, grape, kagzi lime and banana. The area and productivity and state averages are also given. Table 5.4 Area & Production for Various Fruit Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No Crop Total Area of Crop in Sub Basin Avg. yield of State Avg. Ha. crops in sub basin MT/ha Kg/ha. 1 Grape 3750.01 20.59 24.00 2 Banana 1009.73 27.73 58.20 3 Mango 2191.66 7.67 2.50 4 Sapota 262.19 6.65 8.57 5 Pomegranate 731.71 7.69 10.50 6 Custard apple 381.52 4.22 6.51 7 K,lime 1241.45 8.6 6.80 7 Guava 219.15 8.71 8.10 8 Other 2557.22 12.25 2.99

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

5.5. Water and Irrigation Requirement of Crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) The crop duration, water requirement and irrigation requirement of different crops grown in this sub - basin is given in the Table No 5.5. Table-5.5 Water and irrigation requirement of crops in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No Crops Crop Duration Days 1 Paddy 130-135 2 Bajra 90-110 3 Wheat 120-130 4 Maize 90-110 5 Tur 125-170 6 Mung 60-75 7 Soyabean 90-110 8 Udid 60-75 9 RJowar 110-130 10 Gram 100-115 11 Ground nut (Su.) 90-125 12 Sugarcane (suru) 365-395 13 S.cane ( Pre- seasonal) 425-456 14 Sugarcane (adsali) 486-548 15 Sugarcane (ratoon) 365-395 16 Tur 140-160 17 Cotton 150-170 18 Onion (Rabi) 120-130 19 Brinjal 60-150 20 Chilli 60-150 21 Ginger 240-300 22 Lucern (fodder ) 700-850

5.6. Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yields in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

The irrigation water is always beneficial for different field crops to increase the production and productivity of crops. The increase in yield of crops is due to irrigation availability during critical growth stages of crops. The comparative yields of major crops are given in the Table No5.5

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

Table 5.6 Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yields (Crop yield Kg./ha.) in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Table No.4.8 Crop yield under Rainfed and irrigeted conditions for year 2010-11 in Basin Table No.4.8 Crop yield under Rainfed and K6 irrigeted conditions for year 2013-14 in Basin K6 Sr. Crop Average yield in Kg/ha. Sr. Crop Average yield in Kg/ha. No Irrigated Rainfed % No. Irrigated Rainfed % . increas increases es in in yield yield 1 Paddy 344.50 281.00 22.6 1 Paddy -- 434.83 -- 2 Bajari 421.7 382.4 10.3 2 Bajari 574.5 440.7 30.4 3 Kh.jawar 807.6 ------3 Kh.jawar 800.3 -- -- 4 soyabean -- 1605.0 --- 4 soyabean 1801.6 -- 5 Tur -- 539.6 --- 5 Tur 872.3 -- 6 Cotton ------6 Cotton ------7 kh. maize -- 850.0 --- 7 kh. maize --- 1068.9 --- 8 Udid -- 553.6 --- 8 Udid --- 718.3 --- kh. Groud kh. Groud 9 nut -- 465.2 --- 9 nut -- 825.3 --- 10 Sugarcane 82.0 -- --- 10 Sugarcane 65.8 -- --- 11 Mung --- 628.2 --- 11 Mung -- 640.2 --- 12 Wheat 1159.8 465.3 149.2 12 Wheat 1062.7 605.3 75.6 13 Gram 865.5 826.3 4.7 13 Gram 807.5 691.6 16.8 14 Rb.jawar 1052.1 1048.9 0.3 14 Rb.jawar 1009.3 913.7 10.5

5.7. Water Saving Techniques in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6) The area under micro-irrigation in this sub-basin is of 20705.66 Ha and projected area up to 2030 is given in the Table No 5.7 Lower Bhima Sub Basin consist of akkalkot, solapur, taluka’s of solapur district, tuljapur, lohara, umarga taluka’s of osmanabad district. Total microirrigation area of k-6 basin is 20705.66 ha since 1986-87 to 2013-14. About 41411.32 ha area will be covered under micro irrigation by 2030.

Table-5.7 Water Saving Techniques in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No Water Saving Micro -Irrigation Techniques Area (Ha) 1 Area under Drip & Sprinkler Irrigation 20705.66 2 Projection -2030 (Drip and Sprinkler) 41411.32

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

Table 5.8 Agricultural Research Stations in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K6)

District Name of Research Station Address Solapur National Research Centre for NH-9, Solapur-Pune Highway, Pomegranate, Solapur Kegaon (PO), Solapur District, Maharashtra State, India. PIN Code: 413 255 Telephone: 0217-2354330, 2350263 (Office of NRCP) Fax: 0217-2353533 (Office) Website: http://www.nrcpomegranate.org E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ARS, Mohol ARS, Pandharpur KVK Maharshi vivekanand Main road,Near Janta samajkalyan Bank,Akolkot,Dist-solapur sanstha,

Krishi Vigyan Kendra Agricultural Reseaerch Station, Mohol, Distt.- Solapur(Maharashtra) Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Gate No: 52/1/B, At: Khed, PO. Kegaon, Barshi Road, Distt. Solapur 413001 Osmanabad KVK Bappa Pratishthan (Pune) Osmanabad Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ausa Road, PO.Tuljapur Distt. Osmanabad-413601

5.8 Agricultural Extension Services :

Agriculture department considers farmer as the focal point and the whole department is organized in such a fashion that a single mechanism is working to facilitate the farmer for adoption of advanced technology and sustainable use of available resources. Every agriculture assistant working at village level has a jurisdiction of three to four villages with number of farmers limited to 800 to 900 which facilitates more interaction for easier transfer of technology. Agriculture Assistant at village level undertakes soil conservation work, horticulture plantation and various extension schemes. He is supervised by Circle Agriculture Officer at circle level. Administrative control, laison with other departments, monitoring and training programs etc. are facilitated by Taluka Agriculture Officer at taluka level, Sub Divisional Agriculture Officer at sub division level, District Superintending Agriculture Officer at district level and Divisional Joint Director at division level. In addition, Agriculture Officer at Panchayat Samiti level,

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture working under Agriculture Development Officer, Zilla Parishad at district level also implement various agro-inputs related schemes. At district level, an autonomous registered society called, Ägricultural Technology Management Agency"(ATMA) has been created under the chairmanship of District Collector. The main object of this ATMA body is to coordinate all agriculture related research - technology and marketing linkages through convergences and to promote sustainable farming systems for various categories of farm communities. It is a participatory approach in planning and implementation wherein farmers as stake holders have been nominated at various level to give their valuable inputs in planning and implementation of various agricultural and allied activities considering the existing agro -ecological situations within each agro-climatic zones . All the schemes implemented in the field are supervised technically and administratively by respective directorates of Soil Conservation, Horticulture, Extension and Training, Inputs and Quality Control, Statistics, Monitoring and Evaluation and Planning and Budget at state level in the Commissionerate of Agriculture. Also separate sections are there for the Establishment and Accounts related matters

5.8.1National Horticulture Mission (NHM):

National Horticulture Mission (NHM) is being implemented to promote holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, roots and tuber crops, mushroom, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, cashew and cocoa. Programme for the development of coconut will be implemented by the Coconut Development Board (CDB), independent of the Mission. 5.8.2 Dry land Agriculture Mission The state is having predominantly rainfed agriculture system. State is also having limitations to bring more area under irrigation due to its topography. Hence, in coming years about 70 per cent area is still likely to remain rainfed. So it has become imperative to develop dryland agriculture to make it remunerative to farming community. The present constraints are very limited sources of irrigation, drought prone area, degraded and light soils, major area under degraded and light soils limiting the production and productivity. The percentage of drought prone area in the state is 52 per cent and 39 % of the soils are light. This mission is being implemented to minimize risk and to make dry land farming sustainably viable. The main objectives of this mission are to increase the production, productivity of crops thereby income of households. To create sustainable source of irrigation to in-situ soil moisture conservation activities, farm ponds and other water conserving structures. to improve the water use efficiency through use of micro irrigation system, to promote protective irrigation, value addition and marketing to get remunerative prices.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

5.8.2 Extension 1 Accelerated Fodder Development Programme 2 Coarse Cereals Under NFSM Guideline 3 Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project 4 Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Krushi Seva Ratna Puraskar 5 Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Shetkari Din 29 August 6 Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krushi Ratna Puraskar 7 Dry land Farming Mission 8 National Mission of Oil seed and Oil Palm(NMOOP) 9 National Food Security Mission(Cotton) 10 National Food Security Mission(Sugarcane) 11 RKVY Cotton 12 RKVY Sugarcane 13 Integrated Paddy Production Programme 14 SCP Programme 15 TSP OTSP Programme 16 Jijamata Krishibhushan Puraskar 17 Krushi Din 1st July 18 National Mission on Oilseed and Oil Palm 19 National Food Security Mission( Commercial Crops) 20 National Food Security Mission (Pulses) 21 National Food Security Mission(Rice) 22 National Food Security Mission (Wheat) 23 National Mission on Sastainable Agriculture(NMSA) 24 Parthenium Control Campaign 25 Pest Disease Monittoring Information System(PDMIS} 26 Publicity through R.K.V.Y Preparation of Exhibition Material 27 Rainfed Area Development Under NMSA 28 RKVY Pigeon Pea Prduction Programme 29 Seed Treatment 30 Shetkari Masik 31 Vasantrao Naik Krishibhushan Award 32 Vasantrao Naik Sheti Mitra Award 33 Vasantrao Naik ShetiNisht Shetkari 5.8.3 Horticulture 1 Banana Leaf Spot Disease Management Programme 2 Coconut Development Board 3 D.P.D.C Sponsored Plant Protection Scheme 4 EGS and MREGES Nursery 5 Employment Guarantee Scheme 6 Plant Protection Scheme for TSP 7 Horticulture Crop Pest and Disease Surveillance and Advisory Project

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 05: Agriculture

8 Kitchen Garden Plantation of Fruits and Vegetables Scheme 9 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 10 Mangonet Vegnet Grapenet Anarnet Guidelines 11 NMSA On Farm Water Management 12 Strengthening of Govt. Nurseries Guidelines 13 Vidharba Intensive Irrigation Development Programme 5.8.4 Soil Conservation Integrated Watershed Development programme 1 Mahatma jyotiba Phule Jal Bhumi Sandharan Abhiyan Part 1 2 Mahatma jyotiba Phule Jal Bhumi Sandharan Abhiyan Part 2 3 4 Mahatma jyotiba Phule Jalmitra Puraskar 5 Padkai Yojana 6 Water shed Development Programme under R.I.D.F 7 River Valley Project (RVP) Soil and Water Conservation works by Machinary 8 9 Soil Conservation Training 5.8.5 Input and Quality Control 1 Agro Polyclinics 2 Establishment of Custom Hiring Centers Under SMAM 3 Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization 4 Supply of Bio Pesticide Under Govt Programme 5 Supply of Chemical Pesticides 6 Taluka Seed Farm 100 Percent State Sponsored Scheme 7 Insecticide Testing Laboratories 8 Bio Pesticide Testing Laboratories 9 Fertilizer Testing Laboratories 10 Seed Testing Laboratories 11 Residue Testing Laboratories 12 Soil Survey and Soil Testing

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

06 Surface Water Resources

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

6.0 Preamble

6.1.1 Water being a precious resource without which no life can sustain on earth. The level of availability and development of infrastructure to harness the water influence to a considerable extent the quality of life. The rapid growth of population coupled with increasing economic activities has put a tremendous pressure on the available water resources. Although irrigation is the major consumer of water at present in our country and may continue to be so in the years to come demands from other sectors such as drinking and industries have been growing significantly. Water conservation measures to improve the efficiency of water use are being stressed upon for meeting the ever increasing demands. Inter-basin transfer of water from surplus basins to deficit basins is being studied as one of the long term strategies.

6.1.2 A proper assessment of water resources potential has, therefore, become a prerequisite for its sustainable development and management. Without a precise estimate of the availability of the resource, it is impossible to properly plan, design, construct, operate and maintain water resources projects catering to competing demands like irrigation, drought and flood management, domestic and industrial water supply,generation of electrical energy, fisheries and navigation. The correctness of assessment of water resource is totally dependent upon the accuracy and length of hydrological data. Thus, the hydrological data such as gauged flows of river, the measurement of abstractions of water in the catchment etc. are essential for proper assessment of water resource for appropriate planning.

6.2 Krishna Basin

6.2.1 The river Krishna rises in the western ghats at an altitude of 1337 meters just north of Mahabaleshwar about 64 Km. from the Arabian Sea and flows from west to east through the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh before it joins to the bay of Bengal. The major tributaries of Krishna are Koyna, Warna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Bhima, Tungbhadra, Musi, Palleru and Maneru. The Government of India had appointed Krishna Godavari Commission in 1961 to review the position of availability of supplies in Krishna and Godavari rivers. Krishna Godavari Commission divided the Krishna basin into 12 sub-basins designated from K1 to K12, which has since been followed by Krishna Water Disputes Tribunals.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

6. 3 Krishna Basin in Maharashtra:

6. 3.1 Out of total drainage area 251369 Sq km of Krishna basin 69425 Sq km area lies in Maharashtra. Krishna basin in Maharashtra consists of part drainage /catchment area of 5 sub basins namely K1, K2, K3, K5 and K6. The sub basin wise drainage/ catchment areas of Krishna basin in Maharashtra as per page 47 of Bachawat Tribunal report are as under :

Table-6.1 Drainage area of sub basin

Area in Sq.Km. Sr. Sub basin Drainage/ Catchment Percentage Drainage/ No. area in Maharashtra Catchment area 1 K1-Upper 17128 24.67 Krishna 2 K2-Middle 1388 2.00 Krishna (Agrani) 3 K3-Ghatprabha 2010 2.90 4 K5-Upper 45335 65.30 Bhima 5 K6-Lower 3564 5.13 Bhima Total 69425 100

6.3.2 Lower Bhima Bori-Venetura Sub Basin – K6

Venetura & Bori rivers are one of the tributaries of river Bhima. The Venetura river originates at Makgaon in Umerga Taluka of Osmanabad Dist. The Bori river originates at Tuljapur in Tuljapur Taluka of Osmanabad Dist.

6.4 Past Assessments of Availability of Water:

6.4.1 Krishna Godavari Commission was appointed by the Government of India on the 1st May, 1961. The first term of reference of the Commission is to report on the availability of supplies in the Krishna for 86 per cent and 75 per cent dependability on the basis of annual flow at Vijaywada and other points taking into account upstream utilization and allowing regeneration. After going through the hydrological data that was available, Commission came to the conclusion that it is not possible to determine the water availability for want of reliable and sufficient hydrological data such as river gauge data and data of upstream extraction

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

6.4.2 Bachawat Tribunal in 1976 determined the water availability in Krishna river at Vijaywada at 75 % dependability and average. However, it could not determine sub basin wise and State wise water availability. The Tribunal was also not satisfied with the reliability of data used for determining the availability at Vijaywada. It therefore provided in its order for review of availability of water after year 2000.

6.4.3 Bachawat Tribunal directed by its final order that Krishna river and its major tributaries be gauged at key locations. This gauging has since been done by CWC (Central water commission) from 1972 onwards.

6.4.4 Thus, the reliable data of river gauging at key points and the details of upstream extraction are now available for sufficient length of time. On the basis of this observed data a realistic assessment of water availability can be done at various key locations, project sites etc.

6.4.5 An attempt has been made in this chapter to compile the available hydrological data for ascertaining the water availability at nodel point as shown below . At these nodal point C.W.C. has river gauging stations.

Table 6.2 List of Nodal Points

Sr.No. Nodel Point Taluka District Catchment Area

In Sq. Mile/ Sq. Km.

1 Bori Umerga Umerga Osmanabad 633/1425

2 Chincholi Umerga Osmanabad 320/829

6.5 Data Available:

6.5.1 River gauge data:

The data of annual flows was made available from the river gauging stations by C.W.C. is for years 1961 to 2005 for most of the key locations. The river gauge data from 2005-2007 was obtained from CWC by Executive Engineer, Design Division, Pune,under KWDT special cell. On the basis of daily river gauge data, Design Division has worked out the annual flows of river gauging stations in Maharashtra.

The above said annual flows data of river gauge station at Chincholi and Bori Umerga have been compiled together from 1979-80 to 2004-05 and 1976-77 to 2007-08 resp.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

6.5.2 Data of upstream extraction

Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal ( KWDT.) was set up by the Govt. of India in 1969 under the Inter State Water Dispute Act of 1956. The Bachawat Commission gave its final award in 1973 and Govt. Published the award in its extraordinary gazette dated 31st May 1976.

After Bachawat Tribunal Award the water use data for the projects under operation have been maintained as per the orders of Tribunal. Bachawat Tribunal has classified the projects with annual utilization of 3 TMC or more as Major Projects, of 1 TMC up to 3 TMC as medium projects and of less than 1 TMC as minor projects. The water use data of major and medium projects is maintained in the form of actual tank gauge data i.e. water balance of the project. In case of minor projects the data only in respect of area irrigated is maintained. The quantum of water used is worked out on the basis of area irrigated and the district wise duties as agreed by party States before Bachawat tribunal.

Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal - II ( KWDT – II ) is set up by the Govt. of India on 2nd April 2004 for reviewing Bachawat Tribunal Award.

6.5.3 The water use data maintained in accordance with the above said orders for the projects in operation in Maharashtra. On the basis of this water use data the parameters like annual water use, change in storage in case of major & medium projects have been extracted and taken in consideration to work out total yield .

In case of Minor Projects the data of annual water use is available the same is taken to work out total yield

6.6 Methodology adopted for assessment of availability:

6.6.1 The annual availability at a location has been worked out using the following formula.

Availability at a Location = Flow gauged at the location + Upstream Uses + Change in upstream Storages

The availability of water worked out as explained above, at various nodal point.

6.7 Water availability

6.7.1 The water availability at nodal point Chincholi and Bori Umerga Gauging station has been worked out on the basis of observed hydrological data. The quantum of available water has been worked out at dependabilities of 50%, average, 65%, 75%

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

& 90% . The lengths of available observed annual inflow at Chincholi & Bori Umerga is from 1979 to 2005 that is 26 years .

6.7.2 47 Year Flow Series

KWDT-II in its report of 30th December 2010 has considered a flow series of 47 years, from 1961-62 to 2007-08 for which the observed hydrological data is available. The dependable flows computed on the basis of this series at dependability of 50%, average, 65%, 75% & 90% . It is thought desirable to have flow series with the length & period identical with the one considered by KWDT-II Extending the length of series in the past years upto 1961-62 involves hind-casting the observed series at nodal point in sub basin.

6.7.3 Data availability:

The rainfall data of rain-gauge stations in this sub basin maintained by Indian Meteorology Department and Water Resources Department, Maharashtra has been compiled from the year 1960-61 to latest possible date in the office of Designs Division, Pune. This data has been made use of for hind-casting the flow series.

Table 6.3 Rain-gauge stations

Rain-gauge station Taluka District Tuljapur Tuljapur Osmanabad Solapur Solapur Solapur Umerga Umerga Osmanabad Akkalkot Akkalkot Solapur

6.7.3.1 Methodology: a. Weighted Average Rainfall (WAR) values worked out for catchment at nodal point by adopting Thiessen Polygon Method.(Annexure- 6.2A to 6.2C) b. The continuous period of series for which both the WAR and observed runoff values are available, has been used to develop relation between WAR and Runoff at nodal points.

Given the constraints of the data available ,the above methodology is the most appropriate and suitable one.

6.7.4 water availability on the basis of observed annual flow series

The observed data at Kurnoor, Bori valley & Venetura valley is available for 36, 27 & 26 years resp. i.e. 1972 to 2007, 1979 to 2005 & 1979 to 2004 . (Annexure- 6.1A to 6.1C )

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

The yield worked out for different dependabilities by using this data is as under- Table - 6.4 Water Availability for observed flow series Sr. Sub -basin Water availability At nodal points In TMC /MCUM No. 50% Average 65% 75% 90%

1 Lower Bhima 8.14 5.64 4.23 2.74 1.63 Sub-basin (K6) (230.51) (159.72) (119.79) (77.59) (46.16)

6.7.5 Assesment of water availability using 47 year yield series:

It is observed that the assessment of water availability determined with 47 year yield series appears to be well in tune with the assessment of water availability based on observed hydrological data (for short period ).

The observed data at CWC station Chincholi for the year 1998-99 to 2006-07 and Bori Umerga for the year 1998-99 to 2005-06 is available. Hence the rainfall- runoff (R-R) relationship has been established as per methodology mentioned above & the yield is hind casted. The results of this water availability study such as water availability determined on the basis of observed annual flow series, water availability determined on the basis of 47 years longer generated annual flow series .(Annexure- 6.3Ato 6.3C & 6.4A to 6.4C)

. The relationship & its coefficient of co-relation at various river stations are is below -

1)Kurnoor Dam = .0051x-2.0875 & coeff. (r) = 0.7093) 2)Bori Umerga C.W.C. station on Bori river = 0.0372 x-19.835 & coeff.(r) =0.861 3)Chincholi C.W.C. station on Venetura river = 0.0053x-1.9809 & coeff.(r) =0.71

6.7.6 Water availability on the basis of longer series-

As mentioned in 6. 7.5 the series of yield for longer period i.e. for 47 year is developed as said earlier & the Water availability worked out at different dependabilities (Annexure- 6.5).

The water availability is as under –

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 6 – Surface Water Resource

Table-6.5 Water availability for longer flow series

Sub -basin Water availability At nodal points In TMC /MCUM Sr. 50% Average 65% 75% 90% No.

1 Lower Bhima 11.75 8.57 6.29 3.32 1.60 Sub-basin (K6) (332.80) (242.80) (178.10) (94.13) (45.34)

6.8.0 Approval Of Chief Engineer , Planning & Hydrology, Nasik

Chief Engineer planning & hydrology, Nashik approved Water availability for longer flow series (table no 6.4 ) vide their letter no.×Ö¾Ö•Ö/ŸÖÖ¿ÖÖ-1/(115/2013) /507 /2015 ×¤ü.10/03/2015 (Annexure 6.6)

Annexure 6.1A

Water Availability at Bori Umarga C.W.C. Gauging Station on Bori River of Bhima Sub Valley Sub- Basin=>Lower Bhima K-6 C.A.= 1376 Sq. Miles Sub Valley => Bori C.A.= 997 Sq. Miles

CWC Stn => Bori Umarga C.A.= 633 Sq. Miles Figures in TMC Gauged Details of Upstream Extractions Details of Upstream Flow at (Annexure II & III of Vol. III) Extractions Bori (Annex. II & III of Vol. III) Total Total Sr. Umarga Annual Yield in Year Consumptive Use Change in Storage Year Dep. % No. (B1 0)) Yield Desc. (Annex. I of Total (col. 3+6+8) Order Minor Total Vol. III) Kurnoor (col. 4 to Kurnoor Projects 5) (col. 7 )

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 1 1979 - 80 4.803 0.938 0.289 1.227 0.081 0.081 6.111 39.695 1998 - 99 3.70 2 1980 - 81 6.215 1.257 0.539 1.796 -0.175 -0.175 7.836 29.192 1988 - 89 7.41 3 1981 - 82 11.054 0.811 0.383 1.194 0.030 0.030 12.278 22.801 1983 - 84 11.11 4 1982 - 83 2.437 1.356 0.330 1.686 -0.069 -0.069 4.054 20.827 1989 - 90 14.81 5 1983 - 84 21.295 0.986 0.502 1.488 0.018 0.018 22.801 19.367 1990 - 91 18.52 6 1984 - 85 2.260 0.627 0.263 0.890 -0.064 -0.064 3.086 12.278 1981 - 82 22.22 7 1985 - 86 0.883 0.251 0.194 0.445 0.018 0.018 1.346 10.866 1996 - 97 25.93 8 1986 - 87 0.318 0.502 0.319 0.821 0.028 0.028 1.167 7.836 1980 - 81 29.63 9 1987 - 88 4.626 0.954 0.232 1.186 0.233 0.233 6.045 7.434 1993 - 94 33.33 10 1988 - 89 27.369 1.505 0.464 1.969 -0.146 -0.146 29.192 6.111 1979 - 80 37.04 11 1989 - 90 18.611 1.442 0.612 2.054 0.162 0.162 20.827 6.045 1987 - 88 40.74 12 1990 - 91 17.410 1.448 0.681 2.129 -0.172 -0.172 19.367 5.063 2000 - 01 44.44 13 1991 - 92 1.695 1.581 0.360 1.941 -0.099 -0.099 3.537 4.054 1982 - 83 48.15 14 1992 - 93 0.424 0.328 0.222 0.550 -0.086 -0.086 0.888 3.537 1991 - 92 51.85 15 1993 - 94 5.191 1.361 0.683 2.044 0.199 0.199 7.434 3.086 1984 - 85 55.56 16 1994 - 95 0.000 0.762 0.040 0.802 -0.283 -0.283 0.519 2.158 1999 - 00 59.26 17 1995 - 96 0.565 0.498 0.600 1.098 0.180 0.180 1.843 1.943 2005 - 06 62.96 18 1996 - 97 9.147 1.041 0.594 1.635 0.084 0.084 10.866 1.843 1995 - 96 66.67 19 1997 - 98 0.600 0.414 0.161 0.575 -0.120 -0.120 1.055 1.583 2001 - 02 70.37 20 1998 - 99 37.751 1.004 0.681 1.685 0.259 0.259 39.695 1.346 1985 - 86 74.07 21 1999 - 00 1.165 0.963 0.267 1.230 -0.237 -0.237 2.158 1.167 1986 - 87 77.78 22 2000 - 01 3.249 1.098 0.698 1.796 0.018 0.018 5.063 1.055 1997 - 98 81.48 23 2001 - 02 0.424 0.717 0.368 1.085 0.074 0.074 1.583 1.034 2004 - 05 85.19 24 2002 - 03 0.006 0.354 0.000 0.354 -0.257 -0.257 0.103 0.888 1992 - 93 88.89 25 2003 - 04 0.106 0.150 0.000 0.150 0.089 0.089 0.345 0.519 1994 - 95 92.59 26 2004 - 05 0.212 0.474 0.180 0.654 0.168 0.168 1.034 0.345 2003 - 04 96.30 27 2005 - 06 0.609 0.839 0.488 1.327 0.007 0.007 1.943 0.103 2002 - 03 100.00 0.00 Proportionate Yield of valley => Nopal Pt Valley C.A. of Umarga= 633 50 % Dep. 3.796 TMC 5.9779 C.A. of Valley = 997 57.9% Dep 2.499 TMC 3.9353 65% Dep. 1.888 TMC 2.9736 Area Ratio = 1.575 75% Dep. 1.301 TMC 2.0495 90 % Dep. 0.7773 TMC 1.2242

Bori Umarga Annexure 6.1B

Water Availability at Chincholi C.W.C. Gauging Station on Venetura River of Bhima Sub Valley

Sub- Basin=>Lower Bhima K-6 C.A.= 1376 Sq. Miles CWC Stn => Chincholi C.A.= 320 Sq. Miles Sub Valley => Venetura C.A.= 379 Sq. Miles Figures in TMC Sr. YearGauged Flow at Minor Projects Total Total Year Dep. % No. Venitura Consump-tive Annual Yield in Chincholi Use (Annex. II Yield Desc. (B 12)) & III of Vol. III) (col. 3+4) Order (Annex. I of Vol. III)

13456827 1 1979 - 80 0.812 0.046 0.858 21.626 1989 - 90 3.85 2 1980 - 81 1.130 0.151 1.281 6.972 1988 - 89 7.69 3 1981 - 82 3.531 0.173 3.704 6.607 1983 - 84 11.54 4 1982 - 83 0.565 0.233 0.798 3.704 1981 - 82 15.38 5 1983 - 84 6.498 0.109 6.607 2.899 1990 - 91 19.23 6 1984 - 85 0.424 0.128 0.552 2.184 2000 - 01 23.08 7 1985 - 86 0.318 0.024 0.342 1.944 1999 - 00 26.92 8 1986 - 87 0.424 0.121 0.545 1.281 1980 - 81 30.77 9 1987 - 88 0.812 0.139 0.951 1.113 1991 - 92 34.62 10 1988 - 89 6.674 0.298 6.972 0.951 1987 - 88 38.46 11 1989 - 90 21.365 0.261 21.626 0.941 1993 - 94 42.31 12 1990 - 91 2.684 0.215 2.899 0.858 1979 - 80 46.15 13 1991 - 92 0.989 0.124 1.113 0.798 1982 - 83 50.00 14 1992 - 93 0.071 0.000 0.071 0.552 1984 - 85 53.85 15 1993 - 94 0.918 0.023 0.941 0.545 1986 - 87 57.69 16 1994 - 95 0.000 0.012 0.012 0.420 1998 - 99 61.54 17 1995 - 96 0.000 0.032 0.032 0.342 1985 - 86 65.38 18 1996 - 97 0.000 0.222 0.222 0.222 1996 - 97 69.23 19 1997 - 98 0.000 0.145 0.145 0.145 1997 - 98 73.08 20 1998 - 99 0.000 0.420 0.420 0.071 1992 - 93 76.92 21 1999 - 00 1.483 0.461 1.944 0.066 2001 - 02 80.77 22 2000 - 01 1.730 0.454 2.184 0.032 1995 - 96 84.62 23 2001 - 02 0.000 0.066 0.066 0.031 2004 - 05 88.46 24 2002 - 03 0.000 0.030 0.030 0.030 2002 - 03 92.31 25 2003 - 04 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.012 1994 - 95 96.15 26 2004 - 05 0.000 0.031 0.031 0.000 2003 - 04 100.00 Proportionate Yield of valley => valley Noral pt 0.00 C.A. of Chincholi= 320 50 % Dep. 0.94483 0.798 TMC C.A. of Valley = 379 Avg% Dep. 0.63729 0.538 TMC 65% Dep. 0.41416 0.350 TMC Area Ratio = 1.184 75% Dep. 0.12787 0.108 TMC 90 % Dep. 0.03623 0.0306 TMC

Venetura Chincholi Annexure 6.1C Virgin Yield @ Kurnoor Dam Site Figures in TMC Sr. YearInflow @ M.I. Total Annual Total Yield Year Dep. % No. Dam Yield @ @ Dam in Dam Desc. (Col. 3 to 4) Order 13456827 1 1972 - 73 0.347 0.347 6.956 1988 - 89 2.78 2 1973 - 74 2.401 2.401 6.029 1998 - 99 5.56 3 1974 - 75 2.207 2.207 4.201 1983 - 84 8.33 4 1975 - 76 2.286 2.286 4.069 1978 - 79 11.11 5 1976 - 77 0.384 0.001 0.385 2.855 1980 - 81 13.89 6 1977 - 78 1.059 0.078 1.137 2.566 1981 - 82 16.67 7 1978 - 79 3.919 0.150 4.069 2.427 1996 - 97 19.44 8 1979 - 80 1.024 0.035 1.059 2.401 1973 - 74 22.22 9 1980 - 81 2.811 0.044 2.855 2.286 1975 - 76 25.00 10 1981 - 82 2.558 0.008 2.566 2.213 1989 - 90 27.78 11 1982 - 83 1.291 0.000 1.291 2.207 1974 - 75 30.56 12 1983 - 84 4.180 0.021 4.201 1.851 2005 - 06 33.33 13 1984 - 85 0.565 0.000 0.565 1.583 1993 - 94 36.11 14 1985 - 86 0.269 0.000 0.269 1.513 1991 - 92 38.89 15 1986 - 87 0.530 0.000 0.530 1.322 1990 - 91 41.67 16 1987 - 88 1.187 0.002 1.189 1.291 1982 - 83 44.44 17 1988 - 89 6.943 0.013 6.956 1.244 2000 - 01 47.22 18 1989 - 90 2.180 0.033 2.213 1.214 2007 - 08 50.00 19 1990 - 91 1.277 0.045 1.322 1.189 1987 - 88 52.78 20 1991 - 92 1.482 0.031 1.513 1.137 1977 - 78 55.56 21 1992 - 93 0.242 0.000 0.242 1.059 1979 - 80 58.33 22 1993 - 94 1.560 0.023 1.583 0.902 2001 - 02 61.11 23 1994 - 95 0.479 0.003 0.482 0.846 2004 - 05 63.89 24 1995 - 96 0.736 0.014 0.750 0.845 1999 - 00 66.67 25 1996 - 97 2.421 0.006 2.427 0.836 2006 - 07 69.44 26 1997 - 98 0.388 0.011 0.399 0.750 1995 - 96 72.22 27 1998 - 99 5.986 0.043 6.029 0.565 1984 - 85 75.00 28 1999 - 00 0.828 0.017 0.845 0.530 1986 - 87 77.78 29 2000 - 01 1.219 0.025 1.244 0.485 2002 - 03 80.56 30 2001 - 02 0.882 0.020 0.902 0.482 1994 - 95 83.33 31 2002 - 03 0.485 0.000 0.485 0.399 1997 - 98 86.11 32 2003 - 04 0.305 0.000 0.305 0.385 1976 - 77 88.89 33 2004 - 05 0.708 0.138 0.846 0.347 1972 - 73 91.67 34 2005 - 06 1.846 0.005 1.851 0.305 2003 - 04 94.44 35 2006 - 07 0.814 0.022 0.836 0.269 1985 - 86 97.22 36 2007 - 08 1.192 0.022 1.214 0.242 1992 - 93 100.00 50 % Dep. 1.214 TMC 57.9% Dep. 1.071 TMC 65% Dep. 0.846 TMC 75% Dep. 0.565 TMC 90 % Dep. 0.3698 TMC

kurnoor Annexure 6.2C Statement showing Annual W.A.R. of Koornur Dam C.A. 484 Sq. Miles Raifall in MM Sr. No. Year Solapur Tuljapur Akkalkot WAR I.F. Area 29.95 294.19 159.86 484 I.F. 0.06188 0.607831 0.330289 1.00 in inches 1 1961-62 764.00 678.20 860.30 743.65 29.28 2 1962-63 920.00 896.20 770.38 856.12 33.71 3 1963-64 758.00 126.90 1063.75 475.38 18.72 4 1964-65 914.00 738.63 737.62 749.15 29.49 5 1965-66 563.00 738.60 770.89 738.40 29.07 6 1966-67 572.50 685.60 864.36 737.64 29.04 7 1967-68 342.00 775.60 641.86 704.60 27.74 8 1968-69 428.00 585.90 870.20 670.03 26.38 9 1969-70 519.50 599.70 417.58 534.58 21.05 10 1970-71 579.00 720.10 788.67 734.02 28.90 11 1971-72 524.50 640.50 868.43 708.60 27.90 12 1972-73 222.90 303.30 440.44 343.62 13.53 13 1973-74 962.20 947.00 261.11 721.40 28.40 14 1974-75 635.60 751.80 847.60 776.25 30.56 15 1975-76 1051.50 964.20 563.88 837.38 32.97 16 1976-77 422.20 524.00 1238.00 753.53 29.67 17 1977-78 435.80 850.60 533.91 720.33 28.36 18 1978-79 914.50 960.40 734.82 883.05 34.77 19 1979-80 724.20 912.80 1001.27 930.35 36.63 20 1980-81 528.50 942.30 949.96 919.22 36.19 21 1981-82 813.20 582.20 557.53 588.35 23.16 22 1982-83 179.01 825.60 928.88 819.70 32.27 23 1983-84 757.00 838.40 631.95 765.18 30.13 24 1984-85 415.04 733.04 834.90 747.01 29.41 25 1985-86 610.11 492.40 494.00 500.21 19.69 26 1986-87 389.20 492.51 487.00 484.29 19.07 27 1987-88 752.80 875.80 878.00 868.92 34.21 28 1988-89 1145.40 1174.40 963.20 1102.85 43.42 29 1989-90 943.00 1102.00 947.70 1041.20 40.99 30 1990-91 653.03 1044.60 1201.00 1072.03 42.21 31 1991-92 528.07 532.20 489.60 517.87 20.39 32 1992-93 898.91 602.20 613.00 624.13 24.57 33 1993-94 526.03 1124.80 581.00 908.14 35.75 34 1994-95 488.90 552.20 540.00 544.25 21.43 35 1995-96 197.90 609.20 654.00 598.55 23.56 36 1996-97 765.70 925.90 875.00 899.18 35.40 37 1997-98 563.00 574.60 490.00 545.94 21.49 38 1998-99 81.40 1214.00 406.01 15.98 39 1999-00 394.10 480.00 182.93 7.20 40 2000-01 41 2001-02 42 2002-03 43 2003-04 44 2004-05 45 2005-06 46 2006-07 47 2007-08 48 2008-09 49 2009-10 50 2010-11 Average 612.40 741.20 745.79 711.64 28.02

Note :Ranifall data is taken from booklet of monthly rainfall data (I.M.D.raingauge station)

WAR KUR Statement showing the WAR & Yield at Kurnoor Annexure 6.3C Kurnoor Sr. Year WAR Yield No. mm TMC 1342 1 1961 - 62 674.480 1.350 2 1962 - 63 894.240 2.470 3 1963 - 64 133.190 0.000 Graph Showing the WAR v/s Yield y = 0.005x - 2.087 at Kurnoor R² = 0.502 4 1964 - 65 739.740 1.690 5 1965 - 66 735.540 1.660 8.00 6 1966 - 67 685.310 1.410 7.00 7 1967 - 68 774.370 1.860 6.00 5.00 8 1968 - 69 586.670 0.900 4.00 9 1969 - 70 600.710 0.980 3.00

Yield in TMC 2.00 10 1970 - 71 721.180 1.590 1.00 11 1971 - 72 641.080 1.180 0.00 -1.00 0 500 1000 1500 12 1972 - 73 303.400 0.347 WAR in mm 13 1973 - 74 946.220 2.401 14 1974 - 75 751.840 2.207 15 1975 - 76 963.100 2.286 r^2 = 0.502 16 1976 - 77 522.660 0.385 r = 0.709 17 1977 - 78 847.090 1.137 Note - Highlighted data is Estimated using Relation based on 18 1978 - 79 959.490 4.069 Observed Data from 1972-73 to 1997-98 19 1979 - 80 907.960 1.059 except 1990-91 & 1993-94. 20 1980 - 81 936.280 2.855 21 1981 - 82 585.530 2.566 22 1982 - 83 824.150 1.291 23 1983 - 84 840.650 4.201 24 1984 - 85 731.280 0.565 25 1985 - 86 493.010 0.269 26 1986 - 87 490.070 0.530 27 1987 - 88 874.040 1.189 28 1988 - 89 1170.650 6.956 29 1989 - 90 1101.350 2.213 31 1991 - 92 532.150 1.513 32 1992 - 93 599.700 0.242 34 1994 - 95 551.370 0.482 35 1995 - 96 609.840 0.750 36 1996 - 97 924.660 2.427 37 1997 - 98 574.160 0.399 38 1998 - 99 6.029 39 1999 - 00 0.845 40 2000 - 01 1.244 41 2001 - 02 0.902 42 2002 - 03 0.485 43 2003 - 04 0.305 44 2004 - 05 0.846 45 2005 - 06 1.851 46 2006 - 07 0.836 47 2007 - 08 1.214 Not considered for Relation. 30 1990 - 91 1044.16 1.322 33 1993 - 94 1117.91 1.583

Kurnoor Virgin Yield @ Kurnoor Site Figures in TMC Sr. Year Inflow @ Inflow @ Year Dep. % No. Dam Dam in Desc. Order 167928 1 1961 - 62 1.350 6.956 1988 - 89 2.13 2 1962 - 63 2.470 6.029 1998 - 99 4.26 3 1963 - 64 0.000 4.201 1983 - 84 6.38 4 1964 - 65 1.690 4.069 1978 - 79 8.51 5 1965 - 66 1.660 2.855 1980 - 81 10.64 6 1966 - 67 1.410 2.566 1981 - 82 12.77 7 1967 - 68 1.860 2.470 1962 - 63 14.89 8 1968 - 69 0.900 2.427 1996 - 97 17.02 9 1969 - 70 0.980 2.401 1973 - 74 19.15 10 1970 - 71 1.590 2.286 1975 - 76 21.28 11 1971 - 72 1.180 2.213 1989 - 90 23.40 12 1972 - 73 0.347 2.207 1974 - 75 25.53 13 1973 - 74 2.401 1.860 1967 - 68 27.66 14 1974 - 75 2.207 1.851 2005 - 06 29.79 15 1975 - 76 2.286 1.690 1964 - 65 31.91 16 1976 - 77 0.385 1.660 1965 - 66 34.04 17 1977 - 78 1.137 1.590 1970 - 71 36.17 18 1978 - 79 4.069 1.583 1993 - 94 38.30 19 1979 - 80 1.059 1.513 1991 - 92 40.43 20 1980 - 81 2.855 1.410 1966 - 67 42.55 21 1981 - 82 2.566 1.350 1961 - 62 44.68 22 1982 - 83 1.291 1.322 1990 - 91 46.81 23 1983 - 84 4.201 1.291 1982 - 83 48.94 24 1984 - 85 0.565 1.244 2000 - 01 51.06 25 1985 - 86 0.269 1.214 2007 - 08 53.19 26 1986 - 87 0.530 1.189 1987 - 88 55.32 27 1987 - 88 1.189 1.180 1971 - 72 57.45 28 1988 - 89 6.956 1.137 1977 - 78 59.57 29 1989 - 90 2.213 1.059 1979 - 80 61.70 30 1990 - 91 1.322 0.980 1969 - 70 63.83 31 1991 - 92 1.513 0.902 2001 - 02 65.96 32 1992 - 93 0.242 0.900 1968 - 69 68.09 33 1993 - 94 1.583 0.846 2004 - 05 70.21 34 1994 - 95 0.482 0.845 1999 - 00 72.34 35 1995 - 96 0.750 0.836 2006 - 07 74.47 36 1996 - 97 2.427 0.750 1995 - 96 76.60 37 1997 - 98 0.399 0.565 1984 - 85 78.72 38 1998 - 99 6.029 0.530 1986 - 87 80.85 39 1999 - 00 0.845 0.485 2002 - 03 82.98 40 2000 - 01 1.244 0.482 1994 - 95 85.11 41 2001 - 02 0.902 0.399 1997 - 98 87.23 42 2002 - 03 0.485 0.385 1976 - 77 89.36 43 2003 - 04 0.305 0.347 1972 - 73 91.49 44 2004 - 05 0.846 0.305 2003 - 04 93.62 45 2005 - 06 1.851 0.269 1985 - 86 95.74 46 2006 - 07 0.836 0.242 1992 - 93 97.87 47 2007 - 08 1.214 0.000 1963 - 64 100.00

50% Dep 1.2675 TMC 57.9% Dep. 1.171 TMC 65% Dep. 0.937 TMC 75% Dep. 0.815 TMC 90% Dep. 0.374 TMC Note - Highlighted inflow figures are estimated using Relation

Ver yeild@_Kurnoor Annexure 6.2A NAME OF RIVER :- Bori C.A IN SQ MILES = 633

STATEMENT SHOWING ANNUAL WAR @ BORI- UMERGA RGS (CWC) RAINFALL IN INCHES Sr NoYEAR TULJAPUR SOLAPUR UMARGA AKKALKOT WAR WAR mm C.A. IN SQ MILE --> 276 32 39 286 633 I.A.F. --> 0.436 0.051 0.062 0.452 1.000 1 1960 - 61 22.28 25.83 18.53 40.12 30.29 769.366 2 1961 - 62 26.54 29.92 12.52 30.20 27.50 698.5 3 1962 - 63 37.28 35.91 27.82 41.73 38.64 981.456 4 1963 - 64 38.75 29.45 28.99 28.98 33.26 844.804 5 1964 - 65 28.88 36.85 33.29 30.24 30.17 766.318 6 1965 - 66 29.05 26.57 17.40 33.94 30.42 772.668 7 1966 - 67 26.94 29.53 25.90 25.20 26.22 665.988 8 1967 - 68 30.52 30.39 25.85 34.09 31.84 808.736 9 1968 - 69 22.95 20.12 26.00 16.34 20.01 508.254 10 1969 - 70 23.50 26.06 27.48 30.94 27.24 691.896 11 1970 - 71 28.31 31.61 32.46 34.17 31.38 797.052 12 1971 - 72 25.08 23.54 27.43 17.57 21.75 552.45 13 1972 - 73 10.00 11.14 12.32 8.46 9.51 241.554 14 1973 - 74 37.20 37.52 34.29 33.35 35.30 896.62 15 1974 - 75 29.49 31.81 29.74 22.20 26.33 668.782 16 1975 - 76 37.87 42.09 33.78 45.87 41.43 1052.322 17 1976 - 77 20.55 19.88 15.51 21.02 20.81 528.574 18 1977 - 78 33.35 21.18 20.09 29.06 29.98 761.492 19 1978 - 79 37.72 30.47 34.32 39.29 37.85 961.39 20 1979 - 80 35.83 29.13 17.46 37.36 35.05 890.27 21 1980 - 81 37.04 22.52 14.12 21.97 28.10 713.74 22 1981 - 82 27.05 40.35 35.62 36.54 32.52 826.008 23 1982 - 83 32.40 21.26 26.98 24.92 28.15 715.01 24 1983 - 84 34.40 35.63 41.64 33.03 34.30 871.22 25 1984 - 85 28.92 27.56 22.12 22.05 25.52 648.208 26 1985 - 86 19.39 16.34 21.72 19.45 19.50 495.3 27 1986 - 87 27.72 24.02 10.04 19.17 22.60 574.04 28 1987 - 88 34.37 31.93 27.76 33.54 33.35 847.09 29 1988 - 89 46.83 39.06 31.92 37.91 41.83 1062.482 30 1989 - 90 43.39 33.86 40.92 44.41 43.21 1097.534 31 1990 - 91 41.13 50.16 39.44 47.28 44.26 1124.204 32 1991 - 92 20.95 25.71 20.76 19.28 20.42 518.668 33 1992 - 93 23.71 20.79 14.16 24.13 23.16 588.264 34 1993 - 94 44.28 35.39 18.00 22.87 32.54 826.516 35 1994 - 95 21.74 20.71 18.56 21.26 21.28 540.512 36 1995 - 96 23.98 32.59 26.44 25.75 25.37 644.398 37 1996 - 97 36.45 30.15 31.72 34.45 34.94 887.476 38 1997 - 98 24.01 24.35 20.96 19.29 21.71 551.434 AVERAGE 30.26 28.98 25.77 29.14 29.41 Note:-Rainfall data is taken from booklet of Monthly Rainfall Data (I.M.D. Raining Station) for the period 1960-1997 published in March-2002

war bori Water Availability at Chincholi C.W.C. Gauging Station on Venetura River

Sr. Year Chincholi Annexure 6.3B No. WAR Yield mm TMC 1342 1 1961 - 62 318.01 0.000 Graph Showing WAR v/s Yield 2 1962 - 63 706.63 1.760 at Chincholi y = 0.005x ‐ 1.980 R² = 0.504 3 1963 - 64 736.35 1.920 7 6 4 1964 - 65 845.57 2.500 5 5 1965 - 66 441.96 0.360 4

TMC 3

in 6 1966 - 67 657.86 1.510 2 1 7 1967 - 68 656.59 1.500 Yield 0 8 1968 - 69 660.40 1.520 ‐1 0 500 1000 1500 9 1969 - 70 697.99 1.720 WAR in mm 10 1970 - 71 824.48 2.390 11 1971 - 72 696.72 1.710 12 1972 - 73 312.93 0.000 R^2 = 0.505 13 1973 - 74 870.97 2.640 r = 0.710 14 1974 - 75 755.40 2.020 15 1975 - 76 858.01 2.570 16 1976 - 77 393.95 0.110 17 1977 - 78 510.29 0.720 18 1978 - 79 871.73 2.640 Note: Highlighted data is Estimated using Relation 19 1979 - 80 443.48 0.858 based on Observed Data from 1979‐80 to 20 1980 - 81 358.65 1.281 1997‐98, except 1988‐89 & 1989‐90. 21 1981 - 82 904.75 3.704 22 1982 - 83 685.29 0.798 23 1983 - 84 1057.66 6.607 24 1984 - 85 561.85 0.552 25 1985 - 86 551.69 0.342 26 1986 - 87 255.02 0.545 27 1987 - 88 705.10 0.951 30 1990 - 91 1001.78 2.899 31 1991 - 92 527.30 1.113 32 1992 - 93 359.66 0.071 33 1993 - 94 457.20 0.941 34 1994 - 95 471.42 0.012 35 1995 - 96 671.58 0.032 36 1996 - 97 805.69 0.222 37 1997 - 98 532.38 0.145 38 1998 - 99 0.420 39 1999 - 0 1.944 40 2000 - 1 2.184 41 2001 - 2 0.066 42 2002 - 3 0.030 43 2003 - 4 0.000 44 2004 - 5 0.031 45 2005 - 6 46 2006 - 7 Not Considered for Relation 28 1988 - 89 810.77 6.972 29 1989 - 90 1039.37 21.626

Venetura Water Availability at Umarga C.W.C. Gauging Station on Bori River

Sr. Year Umarga No. WAR Yield mm TMC 1342 1 1961 - 62 698.50 6.150 Graph Showing WAR v/s Yield 2 1962 - 63 981.46 16.680 at Umarga y = 0.037x ‐ 19.83 3 1963 - 64 844.80 11.590 R² = 0.741 35 4 1964 - 65 766.32 8.670 30 5 1965 - 66 772.67 8.910 25 6 1966 - 67 665.99 4.940 20 TMC 7 1967 - 68 808.74 10.250 in 15

8 1968 - 69 508.25 0.000 10 Yield 9 1969 - 70 691.90 5.900 5 10 1970 - 71 797.05 9.820 0 11 1971 - 72 552.45 0.720 ‐5 0 500 1000 1500 12 1972 - 73 241.55 0.000 WAR in mm 13 1973 - 74 896.62 13.520 14 1974 - 75 668.78 5.040 15 1975 - 76 1052.32 19.310 r^2 = 0.741 16 1976 - 77 528.57 0.000 r = 0.861 17 1977 - 78 761.49 8.490 18 1978 - 79 961.39 15.930 Note: Highlighted data is Estimated using 19 1979 - 80 890.27 6.111 Relation based on Observed Data 20 1980 - 81 713.74 7.836 from 1979‐80 to 1997‐98, 21 1981 - 82 826.01 12.278 22 1982 - 83 715.01 4.054 23 1983 - 84 871.22 22.801 24 1984 - 85 648.21 3.086 25 1985 - 86 495.30 1.346 26 1986 - 87 574.04 1.167 27 1987 - 88 847.09 6.045 28 1988 - 89 1062.48 29.192 29 1989 - 90 1097.53 20.827 30 1990 - 91 1124.20 19.367 31 1991 - 92 518.67 3.537 32 1992 - 93 588.26 0.888 33 1993 - 94 826.52 7.434 34 1994 - 95 540.51 0.519 35 1995 - 96 644.40 1.843 36 1996 - 97 887.48 10.866 37 1997 - 98 551.43 1.055 38 1998 - 99 39.695 39 1999 - 00 2.158 40 2000 - 01 5.063 41 2001 - 02 1.583 42 2002 - 03 0.103 43 2003 - 04 0.345 44 2004 - 05 1.034 45 2005 - 06 1.943

Umarga NAME OF RIVER :- Venitura Annexure 6.2B C.A IN SQ MILES = 320

STATEMENT SHOWING ANNUAL WAR @ CHINCHOLI CWC RGS STATION RAINFALL IN INCHES

Sr No YEAR UMARGA WAR WAR mm C.A. IN SQ MILE 320 320 I.A.F. --> 1.000 1 1960 18.53 18.53 470.66 2 1961 12.52 12.52 318.01 3 1962 27.82 27.82 706.63 4 1963 28.99 28.99 736.35 5 1964 33.29 33.29 845.57 6 1965 17.40 17.40 441.96 7 1966 25.90 25.90 657.86 8 1967 25.85 25.85 656.59 9 1968 26.00 26.00 660.40 10 1969 27.48 27.48 697.99 11 1970 32.46 32.46 824.48 12 1971 27.43 27.43 696.72 13 1972 12.32 12.32 312.93 14 1973 34.29 34.29 870.97 15 1974 29.74 29.74 755.40 16 1975 33.78 33.78 858.01 17 1976 15.51 15.51 393.95 18 1977 20.09 20.09 510.29 19 1978 34.32 34.32 871.73 20 1979 17.46 17.46 443.48 21 1980 14.12 14.12 358.65 22 1981 35.62 35.62 904.75 23 1982 26.98 26.98 685.29 24 1983 41.64 41.64 1057.66 25 1984 22.12 22.12 561.85 26 1985 21.72 21.72 551.69 27 1986 10.04 10.04 255.02 28 1987 27.76 27.76 705.10 29 1988 31.92 31.92 810.77 30 1989 40.92 40.92 1039.37 31 1990 39.44 39.44 1001.78 32 1991 20.76 20.76 527.30 33 1992 14.16 14.16 359.66 34 1993 18.00 18.00 457.20 35 1994 18.56 18.56 471.42 36 1995 26.44 26.44 671.58 37 1996 31.72 31.72 805.69 38 1997 20.96 20.96 532.38 Average 25.37 644.40 Note:-Rainfall data is taken from booklet of Monthly Rainfall Data (I.M.D.Raining Station) for the period 1960-1997 published in March-2002

war veni Annexure 6.4A

Virgin Yield @ Umarga RGS

Sr. Inflow @ Desendin Year Dep. % No. CWC St. g Order 13782 1 1961 - 62 6.150 39.695 2.22 2 1962 - 63 16.680 29.192 4.44 3 1963 - 64 11.590 22.801 6.67 4 1964 - 65 8.670 20.827 8.89 5 1965 - 66 8.910 19.367 11.11 6 1966 - 67 4.940 19.310 13.33 7 1967 - 68 10.250 16.680 15.56 8 1968 - 69 0.000 15.930 17.78 9 1969 - 70 5.900 13.520 20.00 10 1970 - 71 9.820 12.278 22.22 11 1971 - 72 0.720 11.590 24.44 12 1972 - 73 0.000 10.866 26.67 13 1973 - 74 13.520 10.250 28.89 14 1974 - 75 5.040 9.820 31.11 15 1975 - 76 19.310 8.910 33.33 16 1976 - 77 0.000 8.670 35.56 17 1977 - 78 8.490 8.490 37.78 18 1978 - 79 15.930 7.836 40.00 19 1979 - 80 6.111 7.434 42.22 20 1980 - 81 7.836 6.150 44.44 21 1981 - 82 12.278 6.111 46.67 22 1982 - 83 4.054 6.045 48.89 23 1983 - 84 22.801 5.900 51.11 24 1984 - 85 3.086 5.063 53.33 25 1985 - 86 1.346 5.040 55.56 26 1986 - 87 1.167 4.940 57.78 27 1987 - 88 6.045 4.054 60.00 28 1988 - 89 29.192 3.537 62.22 29 1989 - 90 20.827 3.086 64.44 30 1990 - 91 19.367 2.158 66.67 31 1991 - 92 3.537 1.943 68.89 32 1992 - 93 0.888 1.843 71.11 33 1993 - 94 7.434 1.583 73.33 34 1994 - 95 0.519 1.346 75.56 35 1995 - 96 1.843 1.167 77.78 36 1996 - 97 10.866 1.055 80.00 37 1997 - 98 1.055 1.034 82.22 38 1998 - 99 39.695 0.888 84.44 39 1999 - 00 2.158 0.720 86.67 40 2000 - 01 5.063 0.519 88.89 41 2001 - 02 1.583 0.345 91.11 42 2002 - 03 0.103 0.103 93.33 43 2003 - 04 0.345 0.000 95.56 44 2004 - 05 1.034 0.000 97.78 45 2005 - 06 1.943 0.000 100.00 NODAL PT VALLEY C.A. CWC St. 633 50% Dep. 5.973 9.41 C.A. Valley 997 57.9% Dep. 4.891 7.70 area Ratio 1.575 65% Dep. 2.854 4.50 75% Dep. 1.405 2.21 90% Dep. 0.432 0.68 Annexure 6.4B Virgin Yield @ Chincholi RGS on Venetura Inflow @ Inflow @ Dep. % Sr. Year CWC St. CWC St in No. Desc. Order 1 2 34 5 1 1961 - 62 0.000 21.626 2.27 2 1962 - 63 1.760 6.972 4.55 3 1963 - 64 1.920 6.607 6.82 4 1964 - 65 2.500 3.704 9.09 5 1965 - 66 0.360 2.899 11.36 6 1966 - 67 1.510 2.640 13.64 7 1967 - 68 1.500 2.640 15.91 8 1968 - 69 1.520 2.570 18.18 9 1969 - 70 1.720 2.500 20.45 10 1970 - 71 2.390 2.390 22.73 11 1971 - 72 1.710 2.184 25.00 12 1972 - 73 0.000 2.020 27.27 13 1973 - 74 2.640 1.944 29.55 14 1974 - 75 2.020 1.920 31.82 15 1975 - 76 2.570 1.760 34.09 16 1976 - 77 0.110 1.720 36.36 17 1977 - 78 0.720 1.710 38.64 18 1978 - 79 2.640 1.520 40.91 19 1979 - 80 0.858 1.510 43.18 20 1980 - 81 1.281 1.500 45.45 21 1981 - 82 3.704 1.281 47.73 22 1982 - 83 0.798 1.113 50.00 23 1983 - 84 6.607 0.951 52.27 24 1984 - 85 0.552 0.941 54.55 25 1985 - 86 0.342 0.858 56.82 26 1986 - 87 0.545 0.798 59.09 27 1987 - 88 0.951 0.720 61.36 28 1988 - 89 6.972 0.552 63.64 29 1989 - 90 21.626 0.545 65.91 30 1990 - 91 2.899 0.420 68.18 31 1991 - 92 1.113 0.360 70.45 32 1992 - 93 0.071 0.342 72.73 33 1993 - 94 0.941 0.222 75.00 34 1994 - 95 0.012 0.145 77.27 35 1995 - 96 0.032 0.110 79.55 36 1996 - 97 0.222 0.071 81.82 37 1997 - 98 0.145 0.066 84.09 38 1998 - 99 0.420 0.032 86.36 39 1999 - 00 1.944 0.031 88.64 40 2000 - 01 2.184 0.030 90.91 41 2001 - 02 0.066 0.012 93.18 42 2002 - 03 0.030 0.000 95.45 43 2003 - 04 0.000 0.000 97.73 44 2004 - 05 0.031 0.000 100.00 $ CWC St C.A. CWC St. 320 50% Dep. 1.113 1.318 C.A. Valley 379 57.9% Dep. 0.829 0.982 Area Ratio 1.184 65% Dep. 0.548 0.649 75% Dep. 0.222 0.263 90% Dep. 0.0304 0.036 Annexure 6.5 Vergin Yeild Of K 6 Sub Basin Figures in TMC Sr. Year Yeild @ Yeild @ Total Of Yeild in No. Bori Chinch Yeild @ K6 Desendi umarag oli Kurnur Basin ng Order Prob.% 13452 678 1 1961 - 62 6.150 0.000 1.350 7.500 69.046 2.128 2 1962 - 63 16.680 1.760 2.470 20.910 61.188 4.255 3 1963 - 64 11.590 1.920 0.000 13.510 60.621 6.383 4 1964 - 65 8.670 2.500 1.690 12.860 47.935 8.511 5 1965 - 66 8.910 0.360 1.660 10.930 35.742 10.638 6 1966 - 67 4.940 1.510 1.410 7.860 35.257 12.766 7 1967 - 68 10.250 1.500 1.860 13.610 32.285 14.894 8 1968 - 69 0.000 1.520 0.900 2.420 30.825 17.021 9 1969 - 70 5.900 1.720 0.980 8.600 26.821 19.149 10 1970 - 71 9.820 2.390 1.590 13.800 26.289 21.277 11 1971 - 72 0.720 1.710 1.180 3.610 20.528 23.404 12 1972 - 73 0.000 0.000 0.347 0.347 19.886 25.532 13 1973 - 74 13.520 2.640 2.401 18.561 19.804 27.660 14 1974 - 75 5.040 2.020 2.207 9.267 19.780 29.787 15 1975 - 76 19.310 2.570 2.286 24.166 18.305 31.915 16 1976 - 77 0.000 0.110 0.385 0.495 16.713 34.043 17 1977 - 78 8.490 0.720 1.137 10.347 16.119 36.170 18 1978 - 79 15.930 2.640 4.069 22.639 15.361 38.298 19 1979 - 80 6.111 0.858 1.059 8.028 14.406 40.426 20 1980 - 81 7.836 1.281 2.855 11.972 12.537 42.553 21 1981 - 82 12.278 3.704 2.566 18.548 12.309 44.681 22 1982 - 83 4.054 0.798 1.291 6.143 11.836 46.809 23 1983 - 84 22.801 6.607 4.201 33.609 11.804 48.936 24 1984 - 85 3.086 0.552 0.565 4.203 11.700 51.064 25 1985 - 86 1.346 0.342 0.269 1.957 11.036 53.191 26 1986 - 87 1.167 0.545 0.530 2.242 10.978 55.319 27 1987 - 88 6.045 0.951 1.189 8.185 8.621 57.447 28 1988 - 89 29.192 6.972 6.956 43.120 8.402 59.574 29 1989 - 90 20.827 21.626 2.213 44.666 7.116 61.702 30 1990 - 91 19.367 2.899 1.322 23.588 6.546 63.830 31 1991 - 92 3.537 1.113 1.513 6.163 6.079 65.957 32 1992 - 93 0.888 0.071 0.242 1.201 4.339 68.085 33 1993 - 94 7.434 0.941 1.583 9.958 3.691 70.213 34 1994 - 95 0.519 0.012 0.482 1.013 3.473 72.340 35 1995 - 96 1.843 0.032 0.750 2.625 3.419 74.468 36 1996 - 97 10.866 0.222 2.427 13.515 3.041 76.596 37 1997 - 98 1.055 0.145 0.399 1.599 3.013 78.723 38 1998 - 99 39.695 0.420 6.029 46.144 2.794 80.851 39 1999 - 00 2.158 1.944 0.845 4.947 2.700 82.979 40 2000 - 01 5.063 2.184 1.244 8.491 2.511 85.106 41 2001 - 02 1.583 0.066 0.902 2.551 2.232 87.234 42 2002 - 03 0.103 0.030 0.485 0.618 1.725 89.362 43 2003 - 04 0.345 0.000 0.305 0.650 1.314 91.489 44 2004 - 05 1.034 0.031 0.846 1.911 0.848 93.617 45 2005 - 06 1.943 1.851 3.794 0.683 95.745 46 2006 - 07 0.836 0.836 0.515 97.872 47 2007 - 08 1.214 1.214 0.347 100.000

At => K6 Basin 50 % Dep. 11.752 TMC Avg Dep. 8.574 TMC 65% Dep. 6.289 TMC 75% Dep. 3.324 TMC 90 % Dep. 1.601 TMC

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

07 Ground Water Resources

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Chapter 7 :GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

7.1 Hydrogeology:-

Groundwater constitutes one of our most valuable natural resources and is derived from the hydrological cycle every year from the rainfall precipitation. The part of the water which sinks into the soil pores as a result of infiltration of rainfall water and to some extent through seepage from streams, tanks, surface reservoir and water applied for irrigation builds up the groundwater storage. Groundwater potential is a dependable source and offer a vast scope for its development and it’s use for irrigation, industries and drinking purposes. Looking to the importance of this resource it is imperative to undertake, a detailed appraisal of the state in order to develop this resource scientifically, for meeting the growing demand of water utilisation. As the groundwater occurs in the rock masses below the surface occupying the pore spaces and voids, formed in them, the groundwater regime, therefore, is a complex phenomenon and is controlled by various hydro geological factors. The knowledge of hydro geological conditions is essential to understand the nature of occurrence, the storage and movement of groundwater have been hither to largely confined to the unconsolidated sedimentary formation and very little concentration has been given on the exploitation and development of groundwater in the hard rocks. A good part of the hard rock complex is composed of basaltic rock formations known as Deccan Traps. About 81% of the area of Maharashtra State is occupied by these rocks. Therefore, studies on the occurrence of groundwater in the Deccan trap assume great significant for planning the development of this resource in the state.

7.2 Groundwater behavior in the Lower Bhima Sub Basin:-

The Deccan Traps by themselves are not porous and therefore, are incapable of holding or transmitting water in their primary stage. The basaltic lava flows, however develop a vesicular character on the top layers due to escaping of stream and gas. Such vesicular lava can become important water bearing formation. Further the secondary porosity is introduced in

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

these rocks by chemical and mechanical changes in the granular fabric (giving rise to zone of weathering), by fracturing and jointing. The storage and movement of groundwater in the Deccan Traps are dependent on the extent to which secondary porosity has developed. The weathered zone is undoubtedly the most important groundwater reservoir for these rocks but unweathered fractured rocks are also important for groundwater storage.

Secondary Minerals:- Deccan traps has distinctive geohydrological features, the porosity is found in the form of vesicles, flow contacts, lava tubes, pipes are filled with secondary minerals including zeolites and secondary silicon forming amygdaloidal thereby reducing the porosity and permeability. The presence of zeolities particularly in the cavities of basaltic rocks in their altered types of muram like materials indicating the abundance of water circulation. The presence of silica denotes a restricted flow of water circulation. The presence of such minerals therefore is useful indication of groundwater. The pink zeolitic basalt is found to be better aquifer than grey coloured massive basalt. The vesicular type of rock is important from the point from the point of water bearing capacity. The red bole when occurs as fractured and jointed rock it forms a good aquifer while in the compact from it acts as confining layer.

Deccan Trap as a multi layer sequence: - It is interesting to note that unlike other hard rocks Deccan Trap behaves as a multiaquifer system somewhat similar to sedimentary rocks sequence. One can find a potential water bearing horizon (vesicular, amygdaloidal, jointed or weathered basalt) sandwiched between massive basaltic flows. The water in for such aquifer is present under confined conditions. Therefore, for proper understanding and location of such water bearing rocks a study of all the available sequence in an area at various depth in relation to mean sea level should be worked out and plotted so as to be available as base on which calculation may be made to arrive at depths at which groundwater may be tapped in the area.

Influence if faults, shear zones and jointing pattern:- Faults and shear zones are promising locations which are indicated by alignment of drainage courses. The attitude and intensity of fractures determines whether groundwater occurs in them underwater table condition or under confined condition. When fractures ate vertical water table condition dip,

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

intensity depth of persistence secondary infilling of fractures render help in siting and designing of wells in these rocks.

Influence of physiography on storage and movement:- the distribution of water underground is a function of several complex factors. The storage and circulation of groundwater in an area is dependent on rainfall, soil cover, topography, textures and types of underlying rocks. Therefore, in searching for groundwater the cumulative factor of geological conditions and the physiography have to be fully appreciated and taken into account. The ultimate source for all water whether it flows on the surface as stream or below surface as groundwater in wells, is rain which falls over earth surface. That portion of the water which percolates underground and gets stored in the porous media forms the groundwater shallower depth. The water is held in the decomposed and weathered material while at deeper levels in the Deccan Trap rocks the water is held only in joints and fissures. The depth to water table is variable factor depending on topography, Geology of the underlined formation and climate. The water table is deep in mountain areas and shallow over the land which has moderate relief.

Topography plays a very important role in the groundwater occurrence. The groundwater storage in hard rocks, like Deccan Trap is promising in the lower areas of the valley and more so in the areas where tributary streams intersect. The groundwater storage is poor in the areas located on the hill slopes or along the stream divide. The geological structure also controls the drainage pattern in the Deccan Trap area. Streams and nallas generally select the weak points in the hard rock along the faults, joints and fissures. Such locations are good for groundwater storage and movement.

[Source: - An Appraisal of Hydro geological conditions of Solapur (1975), An Appraisal of Hydro geological conditions of Osmanabad (1978), Directorate of Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Government of Maharashtra.]

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Groundwater Monitoring :-

The water levels for these observation wells for the years 2005 to 2014 has been tabulated watershed and year wise Water levels in the 51 Observation wells distributed in 22 Watersheds (Annexure -7.1 )(plate 3,4,5,6,7.

7.3 Ground Water Availability

The Groundwater Estimation Committee 1984 methodology was modified in the light of enhanced database and new findings of experimental studies in the field of hydrogeology. The present methodology used for resources assessment is known as Ground Water Resources Methodology - 1997 (GEC'97). In GEC'97, two approaches are recommended- water level fluctuation method and norms of rainfall infiltration method. The water level fluctuation method is based on the concept of storage change due to difference between various input and output components. Input refers to recharge from rainfall and other sources and subsurface inflow into the unit of assessment. Output refers to ground water draft, ground water evapotranspiration, and base flow to streams and subsurface outflow from the unit. Since the data on subsurface inflow / outflow are not readily available, it is advantageous to adopt the unit for ground water assessment as basin / sub-basin / watershed, as the inflow / outflow across these boundaries may be taken as negligible. Thus in general the ground water resources assessment unit is Watershed, particularly in hard rock areas. In case of alluvial areas, administrative block can also be the assessment unit. In each assessment unit, hilly areas having slope more than 20% is deleted from the total area to get the area suitable for recharge. Further areas where the quality of groundwater is beyond the usable limits should be identified and handled separately. The remaining area after deleting the hilly area and separating the area with poor quality groundwater quality is to be delineated into command and non-command areas and the assessment is done separately for monsoon an non-monsoon seasons. 7.3.1 Ground water recharge Monsoon Season The resources assessment during monsoon season is estimated as the sum total of the change in storage and gross draft. The change in storage is computed by multiplying

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

groundwater level fluctuation between pre and post monsoon periods with the area of assessment and specific yield. Monsoon recharge can be expressed as:- R = h × Sy × A + DG Where, h = rise in water level in the monsoon season, Sy = specific yield A = area for computation of recharge, DG = gross ground water draft The monsoon ground water recharge has two components: - rainfall recharge and recharge from other sources. Mathematically it can be represented as- R(Normal) = Rrf(normal)+Rc + Rsw + Rt + Rgw + Rwc Where, Rrf is the normal monsoon rainfall recharge. The other sources of groundwater recharge during monsoon season include Rc, Rsw, Rt, Rgw, Rwcs which are recharge from rainfall, seepage from canals, surface water irrigation, tanks and ponds, ground water irrigation, and water conservation structures respectively. The rainfall recharge during monsoon season computed by "Water Level Fluctuation" (WLF) method is compared with recharge figures from Rainfall Infiltration Factor (RIF) method. In case the difference between the two sets of data are more than 20%, then RIF figure is considered, otherwise monsoon recharge from WLF is adopted. While adopting the rainfall recharge figures, weightage is to be given to the WLF method over "Adhoc norms method" of RIF. Hence, wherever the difference between RIF and WLF is more than 20%, data have to be scrutinized and corrected accordingly. Non- Monsoon season During the non-monsoon season, rainfall recharge is computed by using Rainfall Infiltration Factor (RIF) method. Recharge from other sources is then added to get total non- monsoon recharge. In case of areas receiving less than 10% of the annual rainfall during non- monsoon season, the rainfall recharge is ignored. Total annual ground water recharge The total annual groundwater recharge of the area is the sum-total of monsoon and non-monsoon recharge. An allowance is kept for natural discharge in the non-monsoon season by deducting 5% of total annual ground water recharge, if WLF method is employed to

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

compute rainfall recharge during monsoon season and 10% of total annual ground water recharge if RIF method is employed. The balance ground water available accounts for existing ground water withdrawal for various uses and potential for future development. This quantity is termed as Net Groundwater Availability. Net Groundwater Availability = Annual Ground Water Natural discharge during non Recharge monsoon season Norms for estimation of recharge GEC97 Methodology has recommended norms for various parameters being used in ground water recharge estimation. These norms vary depending up on water bearing formations and agroclimatic conditions. While norms for specific yield and recharge from rainfall values are to be adopted within the guidelines of GEC'97, in case of other parameters like seepage from canals, return flow from irrigation, recharge from tanks and ponds, water conservation structures, result of specific case studies may replace the ad-hoc norms. 7.3.2 Ground water draft The gross yearly ground water draft is to be calculated for irrigation, domestic and industrial uses. The gross ground water draft would include the ground water extraction from all existing ground water structures during monsoon as well as during non-monsoon period. While the number of ground water structures should preferably be based on the latest well census, the average unit draft from different types of structures should be based on specific studies or ad -hoc norms in GEC'97 report.

7.3.3 Stage of groundwater development and categorization of units The stage of ground water Development is defined by: Stage of groundwater = Existing Gross Ground water draft for all uses × 100 Development (%) Net annual Groundwater Availability

7.3.4 Categorizations of areas for groundwater development The units of assessment are categorized for groundwater development based on two criteria - a. stage of groundwater development, and b. long term trend of pre and post monsoon groundwater levels. Four categories are- Safe areas which have groundwater potential for development; Semi-Critical areas where cautious groundwater development is

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

recommended; Critical areas; and Over-exploited areas where there should be intensive monitoring and evaluation and future ground water development be linked with water conservation measures. The criteria for categorization of assessment units are as follows: Sr. Stage Of GW Significant Long Term Decline Post- Category No. Development Pre-Monsoon Monsoon 1 < 70 % No No Safe No No Safe 2 > 70 to < 90 % Yes/No No/Yes Semi Critical Yes/No No/Yes Semi Critical 3 > 90 to < 100 % Yes Yes Critical Yes/No No/Yes Over Exploited 4 > 100 % Yes Yes Over Exploited

The long-term ground water level data should preferably be for the period of 10 years. The significant rate of water level decline/rise may be taken greater than +5 or less than - 5 cm per year depending upon the local hydro geological conditions. If this rate is between -5 to +5 cm per year then the trend will be treated as “Neither Rise nor Fall”. 7.3.5 Allocation of ground water resource for utilization The net annual ground water availability is to be apportioned between domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. Among these, as per the National Water Policy, 2002, requirement for domestic water supply is to be accorded priority. The requirement for domestic and industrial water supply is to be kept based on the population as projected to the year 2025. The water available for irrigation use is obtained by deducting the allocation for domestic and industrial use, from the net annual ground water availability.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

7.3.6 Poor quality ground water Computation of ground water recharge in poor quality ground water is o be done on the same line as described above. However, in saline areas, there may be practical difficulty due to non-availability of data, as there will usually be no observation wells in such areas. Recharge assessment in such cases may be done based on Rainfall Infiltration Factor method. 7.3.7 Apportioning of ground water assessment from watershed to development unit Where the assessment unit is a watershed, the ground water assessment is converted in terms of an administrative unit such as Block/Taluka/Mandal. This is done by converting the volumetric resource in to depth unit and then multiplying this depth with the corresponding area of the Block. 7.3.8 Additional Potential Recharge In shallow water table areas, particularly in discharge areas rejected recharge would be considerable and water level fluctuation area subdued resulting in underestimation of recharge component. In the area where the ground water level is less than 5 m below ground level or in water logged areas, ground water resources have to be estimated up to 5m bgl only based on the following equations: Potential ground water recharge = (5-D) x A x Specific yield where, D = depth to water table below ground surface in pre monsoon in shallow aquifers A = area of shallow water table zone 7.3.9 Recommendations of R&D Advisory Committee To get a more appropriate methodology for groundwater resources estimation for hard rock terrain, which will supplement GEC – 1997, the GoI has decided to constitute a Committee for Estimation of Ground Water Resources in Hard Terrain. The Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, constituted a committee vide circular No. 3/7/2001-GW II dated 03.09.2001. The committee after detailed deliberations recommended following modifications in the GEC1997 methodology.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

7.3.10 Criterion for Categorization of Assessment Units The criterion for categorization of assessment units as recommended by GEC- 1997 methodology has been modified. The modified criteria as given in the protocol are as follows; 7.3.11 Long – term ground water level trend The long-term ground water level data should preferably be for the period of 10 years. The significant rate of water level decline may be taken between 10 and 20 cm per year depending upon the local hydro geological conditions. Accordingly in Detailed Guidelines for Implementing the Ground Water Estimation Methodology - 1997 page 153-154, the value of ‘Z’ would be read as 10 to 20 cm per year. 7.3.12 Categorization of Units In order to remove ambiguities in the categorization by the existing methodology, the following procedure is suggested.

Sr. Stage Of GW Significant Long Term Decline Category No. Development Pre-Monsoon Post- Monsoon No No Safe 1 < 70 % Yes/No Yes/No To be re-assessed Yes Yes To be re-assessed No No Safe 2 > 70 to < 90 % Yes/No Yes/No Semi Critical Yes Yes To be re-assessed No No To be re-assessed 3 > 90 to < 100 % Yes/No Yes/No Semi Critical Yes Yes Critical No No To be re-assessed 4 > 100 % Yes/No Yes/No Over Exploited Yes Yes Over Exploited [Note: 'To be re-assessed' means that data is to be checked for the purpose of categorization. The above modifications are to be adopted in all type of rock formations including soft rock and hard rock terrains.]

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

7.3.13 Future allocation of groundwater resources The criteria given in the GEC-1997 has been modified and the modified criterion for future allocation of groundwater resources for utilization to be computed as given below Case I, when GWav>Dgi + Alld In such cases allocation for future domestic requirement = Alld Case II, When GWav

Groundwater Availability & Use The watershed wise groundwater availability and its present use as on March 2011-12 is given below

The watershed wise exploitation of groundwater is given below in Table

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Table- 7.1 Watershed-wise Groundwater Exploitation Category Watershed Nos. Total Safe BM-1,BM-2,BM-3,BM-4A,BM-5,BM-6A,BM-7,BM-8A,BM-9,BM- 21 10,BM-11,BM129,BM-130,BM-131,BM-133,BM-134,BM-135,BM- 136,BM-137,BM-138,BM-139. Semi Critical NIL 00 Critical Nil 00 Over exploited BM-132 01 Total 22 [Source GWA - 2011-12] Total numbers of elementary watersheds are 22.

Watershed wise Groundwater Exploitation

Watershedwise Groundwater Exploitation (Nos)

Over exploited , 1 Critical, 0 Semi Critical, 0

Safe Over exploited Critical Safe, 21 Semi Critical

[Source GWA - 2011-12]

Groundwater assessment is carried out by the State Groundwater Agency with the help of data collected from various other state agencies and data available with them. In Lower Bhima sub basin, in particular in 22 watersheds, as per the Groundwater Assessment 2011-12 there are 32606 dug wells were considered for groundwater assessment. All these 32606 dug wells are spread in 342626 ha. area (density one well for 10.50 ha.). All wells are energized and water is being withdrawn for the irrigation and drinking purpose.(Annexure -7.5)

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

In general the density of well should be (one well for 8 hect.) but in sub basin density is one well for 10.50 hect.hence it shows that there is little scope future for development

Groundwater Status: –

Table – 7.2 Details of Ground Water Status District Nos. of Net Utilizable Groundwater Watersheds Groundwater Groundwater Use Mm3. availability Mm3 (70% of Mm3 (2011-12) Availability)

Osmanabad 11 30840 215.87 206.86 Solapur 11 149.61 104.73 93.60

Total 22 458.00 321.00 300.00

[Source GWA - 2011-12]

The K 6 sub basin is the net groundwater availability is 458.00 Mm3 but the actual use is 300.00 Mm3 which is higher side of net groundwater availability hence there is little scope for future development.

7.4 Groundwater Quality:

The analysis of the groundwater undertaken indicates that Nitrate problem. Most of samples show TDS value in the 500-2000mg/l range not above permissible limit. The iron and fluoride is observed in very few amount in sub basin

The Nitrate contamination observed in the groundwater sample in the surface irrigation area overall groundwater quality is good in this basin.

The map shows post monsoon affected area of Lower Bhima Sub-basin. The area is affected by the Fluoride and Nitrate. Some watershed having nitrate contamination and one watershed of Solapur District also contain fluoride contamination in small scale. (Plate -8)

The map shows pre monsoon TDS affected area of Lower Bhima Sub-basin. In this time span the sub-basin shows intermediate TDS values over all in all watersheds. (Plate - 9)

The map shows post monsoon TDS affected area of Lower Bhima Sub-basin. BM-139 is showing comparatively less contamination than the other part of the sub-basin.(Plate-10)

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

In general it is noticed that there is no such contamination of groundwater is observed due to insitu parent rock. But the contamination is overall due to anthropogenic or man made activities like industrialwaste or agricultural activites, high use of chemical fertilizers. The groundwater quality problem villages are tackled by Rural water suplly division zillaparishad under different schemes like NRDWP or under DPDC etc. In over exploited, critical or semi critical watersheds the groundwater has to be managed by using minor irrigation practices like drip irrigation, sprinklers or rain gun etc and also by taking less water requirement crops so as to maintain the groundwater quality. The areas where there is a scope for groundwater development, the new wells has to be excavated or constructed by government aid or by finance by government or other financial institutions.

7.5 Groundwater Managementplan:-

In the Lower Bhima Sub Basin there are 22 watersheds comprising an area of about 3424.26 sq km. Out of 22 watersheds 1 watershed is categorized as over-exploited and 21 safe. The total gross groundwater draft is 300.00 Mm3 net annual groundwater availability is 458.00 Mm3. Net groundwater availability for future irrigation is 169.00 Mm3. [Source GWA - 2011- 12]

There are 22 watersheds in the lower Bhima sub basin out of these 1 is categorized as over exploited. The net ground water balance is 157.00 Mm3. If this balance is utilized for further groundwater development there is a possibility that these critical and semi critical area may converted into over exploitation. Aquifer recharge shaft system, recharge shafts and other recharge activities and community based water management system has to be implemented on large basis.

To enhance the recharge of BM 132 overexploited watershed and to increase the yield of the aquifers, the recharge schemes, like Aquifer recharge shaft system, Recharge shafts and community based water management system has to be implemented on large basis.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

The overall average stage of development of this basin is 68.91 %, hence there is scope for future groundwater development in safe watersheds, other than 10 watersheds having very high stage of development. The watersheds having stage of development above 70% is supposed to be marginal, hence not considered for future development. (Annexure 7.6)

There is a large scope for groundwater recharge and the management of groundwater in this basin. The available groundwater has to be managed with the public participation or the community based water management projects.

On the basis of the description in the report following observations are as follows 1. In the basin groundwater development 68.91% hence little balance is for future development. There is scope groundwater recharge hence conventional and unconventional measures are to be suggested at suitable location (recharge shaft, ARSS, CNB, PT, Dug well recharge)

2. In the K 6 sub basin total number of dug well are 32606 that means density of well is one well for 10.50 hect.Which is more than normal average.

3. In the K 6 sub basin is observed that shallow aquifer having moderate potential it is replenished every year.

4. Overall the quality of groundwater is good in the K 6 sub basin except nitrate and fluoride concentration observed at few locations nitrate is observed in canal irrigation area it may be concentration from fertilizer and pesticides.

5. The surface water is available in the area can be used for recharging to the groundwater so as to make it more sustainable as well the available groundwater is to managed judicial through public participate (community based water management).

Mega Recharge: The geology of the sub basin is predominantly occupied by the basaltic rocks. The basalt is hard, compact and heterogeneous in nature. The groundwater occurs in weathered zone and

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

through fractures, joints and plane of weakness. The specific capacity of the basalt in the area is ranges from 1 - 3 %. Hence, the area of the sub basin is not feasible for mega recharge projects.

Maharashtra Groundwater (Development and Management) Act 2009

Maharashtra is probably the first State in the country to enact a community driven tool named The Maharashtra Groundwater (Development and Management) Act 2009 (Act No. XXVI of 2013) for the sustainable groundwater development and management in the State. The Act came in force from 1st June 2014. 1 The groundwater resource in the State will be treated as a common property resource and the community will take care of their resource with GoM support. i.e. the will be acting as trustee of this precious natural resource. 2 The objective is to facilitate and ensure sustainable and adequate supply of groundwater of prescribed quality, for various category of users, through supply and demand management measures, protecting public drinking water sources and to establish the State Groundwater Authority, District Level Authority and Watershed Water Resources Committee to manage and to regulate, with community participation, the exploitation of groundwater within the State of Maharashtra. In the non-notified areas the powers of groundwater planning and development are with the Grampanchayat. 3 Now there will be one Authority in the State for the surface water and groundwater. The Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority established by the Maharashtra Water Resources Regulatory Authority Act 2005 will act as the State Groundwater Authority in the State. 4 The State will now be statutorily following the principle of Integrated Water Resources Management. 5 Protection of Public Drinking Water Sources along with the polluters pays principle for protection of public drinking water sources due to contaminations.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

6 Preparation of prospective crop plan based on groundwater use plan is mandatory in notified areas. 7 Prohibition on the sale of groundwater from the notified areas along with the cess on groundwater withdrawal from the deep wells. 8Water scarcity declaration and mitigation measures along with preventive management are integral part. 9 The State Authority shall constitute a Watershed Water Resources Committee as per Section 29 of the Act for each notified area declared by the State Authority. Separate Watershed Water Resources Committee for each Notified area shall be constituted immediately in1 Over - Exploited and then in 21 safe Watersheds in Lower BhimaSub Basin.

10The Watershed Water Resources Committee constituted for the notified area shall be responsible for regulating the available replenish able groundwater recharge for sustainable management by the different users of groundwater by exercising controls to reduce groundwater extraction as well as taking measures to augment groundwater recharge structures. 11The Watershed Water Resources Committee constituted under this Act shall be responsible for regulating groundwater utilization for different user sectors and for development and management of annually replenishable groundwater recharge available for utilization.

12 The District Authority shall organize workshops inn the taluka having Over- Exploited and Semi - critical watersheds , on rian water harvesting at the District Collectorates with the participation of the Tahsildars, Block Development Officers, Municipal Engineers, Chief Educational Officers and public representatives for motivating communities, groups, associations, industries and commercial establishments to adopt rainwater harvesting to meet their water requirements.

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Annexure – 7.1Watershed and year wise Water levels of 51 Observation Wells distributed in 22 Watersheds – [Source GWA - 2011-12]

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sr.No District Taluka Village Depth Watershed Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

1 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Bori 16 BM-01 12.4 0.51 7.9 0.06 11.8 0.8 11.7 0.85 10.6 1.13

2 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Gandhora 15.4 BM-01 5.2 1.3 7.3 2.05 5.3 1.4 5.9 2.38 6.9 1.9

3 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Hagloor 25 BM-01 2.5 1.45 6.3 1.38 7.4 1.65 7.2 1.8 10.8 1.85

4 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kakramba 13.4 BM-01 7.45 1.43 7.9 0.95 12 0.8 11.9 1.35 9.5 2.95

5 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kalegaon 12.3 BM-02 12.3 3.1 7 4.05 12.3 2.18 12 0.5 12.3 1.45

6 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Mangrul 15.25 BM-02 15.3 1.95 15.3 4.2 15.3 2.75 15 2.9 15.3 3.15

7 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Tailornagar 9.3 BM-02 5.65 1.35 6.7 1.9 5 0.7 7.1 0.85 7.1 1.05

8 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kerur 21.4 BM-03 2.4 0.1 1.1 0.16 5.6 1.6 2.4 0.55 18.6 0.35

9 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Keshegaon 12 BM-03 12 3.6 7.4 3.55 12 3.15 11.6 2.8 12 2.55

10 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Phulwadi 12.5 BM-03 8.55 0.6 5.1 0.75 11.2 2.33 11 3.75 2.6 3.23

11 Osmanabad OSMANABAD Borgaon 9.5 BM-05 9.5 1.85 9.5 2.9 9.5 3.2 6.5 3.15 9.5 2.45

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

2005 2006 2007 Sr.No District Taluka Village Depth Watershed 2008 2009

Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

12 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Jalkot 14.25 BM-05 5.25 1.53 6.1 2.85 8.2 2.65 8.2 2.65 14.3 1.95

13 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Nandgaon 19.1 BM-05 6.2 3.5 8.3 4.03 14.1 3.85 14 3.9 19.1 4.4

14 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kunsawali 24 BM-06A 12.5 3.98 10.6 4.23 13.2 3.93 13 3.78 7.8 3.45

15 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Salgara(m) 9.7 BM-06A 9.7 2.7 8.1 3.9 8.7 4.05 8.5 2.5 9.7 4.33

16 Osmanabad UMARGA Kader 9.3 BM-07 9.3 3.75 9.1 4.1 9.3 3.6 9.1 4.1 9.2 4.33

17 Osmanabad UMARGA Sundarwadi 13.6 BM-07 13.6 3.58 13.6 3.75 13.6 3.75 13.5 4.65 13.6 5.35

18 Osmanabad UMARGA Yenegur 24 BM-07 9 2.75 8.9 3.15 24 3.05 16.8 4.85 24 9.13

19 Osmanabad UMARGA Gunjoti 11.6 BM-09 11.6 0.25 6.7 0.53 7.1 1.25 11.2 0.9 11.6 4.05

20 Osmanabad UMARGA Jakekur 12 BM-09 12 2.23 7.4 2.58 12 2.45 12 2.5 12 5.1

21 Osmanaba UMARGA Kaldev (n) 11.6 BM-09 11.6 3.83 8.6 4.03 11.6 4.05 10.8 4.8 11.6 7.1

22 Osmanabad UMARGA Bedga 20.9 BM-10 3.7 0.5 4.7 0.85 4.7 0.6 8.8 1.48 20.9 1.65

23 Osmanabad UMARGA Diggi 8.5 BM-10 8.5 0.35 8.5 0.35 8.5 1.1 7 0.75 7.3 2.2

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

24 Osmanabad UMARGA Khasgi 23 BM-10 23 1.9 23 2.1 23 1.95 20 3.13 23 3.25

25 Osmanabad UMARGA Kunhali 23.5 BM-11 8.25 3.6 9.1 3.85 23.5 3.93 12.8 4.95 23.5 2.48

26 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Malgi 9 BM-11 6.3 2.05 7.1 2.98 9 2.38 7 3.45 9 2.58

27 Osmanabad UMARGA Turori 13.3 BM-11 6.25 1.5 6.4 2.8 7.1 2.4 6.5 2.85 13.3 3.2

28 Solapur AKKALKOT Kajikanbas 9.75 Bm-129 9.3 2.15 8.3 6.9 9.4 5.4 9.7 3.8 9.5 5.8

29 Solapur AKKALKOT Kini 11.4 Bm-129 10.2 7.85 11.4 8.45 10.4 8.55 11 4.7 11.4 7.3

30 Solapur AKKALKOT Kurnur 13.5 Bm-129 11.6 0.6 6.1 7.1 9.2 3.1 9.4 0.5 11.2 2.8

31 Solapur AKKALKOT Chungi 9.1 Bm-130 8.9 7.95 6.1 6.9 9.05 6.4 8.7 6.2 9.1 6.5

32 Solapur AKKALKOT Sultanpur 7.5 Bm-130 7.2 4.9 7.2 6 6.4 4.3 7.5 4.2 7.1 5.4

33 Solapur AKKALKOT Arali 9.2 Bm-131 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 9 9.2 1.58 9.2 5.9

SOLAPUR 34 Solapur Musti 9.85 Bm-132 9.25 8.3 9.85 7.7 9.85 9.85 9.85 9.2 9.85 9.8 SOUTH

35 Solapur AKKALKOT Chapalgaon 11.35 Bm-133 10.1 6.7 10.3 9.88 10 7.7 11 5.8 11.1 5.4

36 Solapur AKKALKOT Hannur 11.2 Bm-133 10.7 1.55 6.45 4.8 10.7 2.2 7.5 1.5 10 4.7

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

SOLAPUR 37 Solapur Tandulwadi 11.5 Bm-133 11 5.1 11 11.5 5.15 10.8 3.7 11.5 8.3 SOUTH

38 Solapur AKKALKOT Borgaon 8.4 Bm-134 8.4 5.5 8.4 6.45 8.4 6.55 8.4 5.1 8.4 6.5

40 Solapur AKKALKOT Wagdari 9.35 Bm-134 9.05 0.95 9.2 1.5 9.1 4.2 9.2 1.6 9.3 0.9

41 Solapur AKKALKOT Gogaon 8.85 Bm-135 8.65 1.7 8.1 4.5 8.7 3.1 7 1.8 8.8 2.4

42 Solapur AKKALKOT Binjger 11.75 Bm-136 11.8 8 10.8 2.5 11.1 4.9 11.1 6.1 11.8 5.4

43 Solapur AKKALKOT Chikkahalli 10.5 Bm-136 8.8 6.6 10.2 6.25 8.8 2.2 8.7 2.8 8.4 3.8

Dudhani 44 Solapur AKKALKOT 12.35 Bm-136 12.3 8.6 11.2 7.5 10.3 8.8 11.8 4.2 12.1 5.8 (Rural))

45 Solapur AKKALKOT Basalegaon 10.1 Bm-137 10.1 9.4 10 6.3 7.3 5.6 10.1 6.4 10.1 6

Satan 46 Solapur AKKALKOT 9.35 Bm-137 9.3 3.4 9.3 2.5 8.2 2 9.1 4.2 8.4 2.8 Dudhani

47 Solapur AKKALKOT Udagi 10.1 Bm-137 10.1 3.5 10 3.15 8.8 1.9 10 4.2 8.6 2.7

SOLAPUR 48 Solapur Dindur 10.5 Bm-138 5.7 2 9.76 1.75 5 1.15 7.8 2.1 8 1.9 SOUTH

49 Solapur AKKALKOT Jeur 11.5 Bm-138 11.2 9.6 11.2 10.4 11.5 9.4 11.1 9 11.2 7.8

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

50 Solapur AKKALKOT Karjal 9.9 Bm-138 8.45 4.35 8.4 5.1 8.5 2.2 8.9 4.2 9 3.2

SOLAPUR 51 Solapur Dhotri 8.65 Bm-139 8.1 2.45 8.65 0.8 8.65 0.75 6.7 0.8 8.65 1.1 SOUTH

Watersh 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average Sr.No District Taluka Village Depth ed Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post

1 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Bori 16 BM-01 13.4 0.13 10.6 2.43 14.2 4.15 15.2 1.45 11.8 1.2 12.0 1.27

2 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Gandhora 15.4 BM-01 9.3 0.43 8.1 2.45 13.1 8.25 15.4 1.9 10.2 1.5 8.7 2.36

3 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Hagloor 25 BM-01 8.4 0.83 6.2 2.55 14.4 7.5 19.5 2.55 10.7 2 9.3 2.36

4 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kakramba 13.4 BM-01 10.1 0.53 8.8 2.1 13.4 8.05 13.4 4.4 8.45 3.5 10.3 2.61

5 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kalegaon 12.3 BM-02 11.3 0.43 9.4 3.3 12.3 7.1 12.2 4.2 10.1 4 11.1 3.03

6 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Mangrul 15.25 BM-02 14.2 0.5 10.6 2.8 15.3 7.88 15.3 2.9 12.1 3.3 14.3 3.23

7 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Tailornagar 9.3 BM-02 8 0.33 6.5 1.55 9.3 6.8 9.2 1.25 7.15 1.1 7.2 1.69

8 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kerur 21.4 BM-03 4.8 0.33 3.6 1.3 10.9 5.65 18.5 0.2 10.5 0.5 7.8 1.07

9 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Keshegaon 12 BM-03 12 0.63 10.9 3.13 12 7.05 12 1.5 12 1.3 11.4 2.93

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

10 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Phulwadi 12.5 BM-03 9.7 0.53 5.8 1.55 12.5 5.05 12.5 0.8 9.6 1 8.9 1.96

OSMANABA 11 Osmanabad Borgaon 9.5 BM-05 7.55 0.53 7.1 2.65 9.5 3.15 9.5 0.35 9.45 0.5 8.8 2.07 D

12 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Jalkot 14.25 BM-05 8.1 0.58 7.8 5.7 14.3 7.5 14.3 3.15 9.3 3.6 9.6 3.22

13 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Nandgaon 19.1 BM-05 13.7 0.68 12.8 2.88 16.6 4.95 18 4.3 13.2 3.6 13.6 3.61

BM- 14 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Kunsawali 24 8.4 0.63 8.1 4.25 15.7 6.3 17.5 2.8 10.4 2.9 11.7 3.62 06A

BM- 15 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Salgara(m) 9.7 9.7 0.63 9.2 3.3 9.7 3.8 9.7 1.13 9.6 1.1 9.3 2.74 06A

16 Osmanabad UMARGA Kader 9.3 BM-07 9.3 0.73 9.3 2.6 9.3 7.2 9.2 1.8 8.5 2.15 9.2 3.44

17 Osmanabad UMARGA Sundarwadi 13.6 BM-07 12.4 0.88 10.8 3.28 13.6 8.45 13.2 2.05 13 2.3 13.1 3.80

18 Osmanabad UMARGA Yenegur 24 BM-07 16.8 0.93 13.8 2.55 22 7.65 22.5 2.8 15.4 3.15 17.3 4.00

19 Osmanabad UMARGA Gunjoti 11.6 BM-09 11.1 0.45 10.8 2.5 11.6 5.75 11.5 2.1 11.2 2.2 10.4 2.00

20 Osmanabad UMARGA Jakekur 12 BM-09 12 0.73 12 2.7 12 6.8 12 3.9 9.85 3.75 11.3 3.27

21 Osmanabad UMARGA Kaldev (n) 11.6 BM-09 10.8 0.78 10.1 2.85 11.6 8.15 11.5 3.63 10.7 3.6 10.9 4.28

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

22 Osmanabad UMARGA Bedga 20.9 BM-10 12.2 0.43 11 1.08 16.2 4.1 20.8 2 12.3 2.9 11.5 1.56

23 Osmanabad UMARGA Diggi 8.5 BM-10 7.2 0.55 6.5 3.6 8.5 6.05 8.5 3.25 7.5 3.45 7.8 2.17

24 Osmanabad UMARGA Khasgi 23 BM-10 16.3 0.73 14.8 4 23 7.15 23 2.3 16.8 2.6 20.6 2.91

25 Osmanabad UMARGA Kunhali 23.5 BM-11 12.9 0.63 11.2 1.45 18.5 6 20.1 0.9 16.3 1.1 15.6 2.89

26 Osmanabad TULJAPUR Malgi 9 BM-11 7.3 0.58 6.4 2.38 9 7.35 9 1.55 9 1.85 7.9 2.71

27 Osmanabad UMARGA Turori 13.3 BM-11 7 0.48 6.5 2.3 12.4 7.15 13.2 2.1 13.2 1.9 9.2 2.67

Bm- 28 Solapur AKKALKOT Kajikanbas 9.75 9.2 1 2.10 1.15 7.3 4.05 9 1.2 7.1 1.7 8.8 3.32 129

Bm- 29 Solapur AKKALKOT Kini 11.4 8.45 5.9 5.10 2.1 11.4 6.88 11.4 3.3 11.4 4.6 10.8 5.96 129

Bm- 30 Solapur AKKALKOT Kurnur 13.5 10.4 7.00 2.5 7.8 7.9 11.4 0.9 6.4 1 9.3 2.93 129

Bm- 31 Solapur AKKALKOT Chungi 9.1 9.1 4.6 5.90 3.5 7.1 5.7 8.9 5.25 6.4 4.8 8.2 5.78 130

Bm- 32 Solapur AKKALKOT Sultanpur 7.5 7.2 2 3.00 2.6 7.5 3.1 7.2 2.8 7.5 2.8 7.2 3.81 130

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Bm- 33 Solapur AKKALKOT Arali 9.2 9.2 4 7.10 5.2 9.2 7.4 9.2 5.5 7 6.5 9.0 6.35 131

SOLAPUR Bm- 34 Solapur Musti 9.85 9.85 6.5 7.40 6.2 9.85 7.4 9.85 6.7 9.85 6.9 9.8 7.86 SOUTH 132

Bm- 35 Solapur AKKALKOT Chapalgaon 11.35 8.9 2.4 6.00 4.7 9.4 6.5 9.3 7.15 9 6.1 9.9 6.23 133

Bm- 36 Solapur AKKALKOT Hannur 11.2 11.2 1.3 3.50 1.2 7.4 4.78 10.7 1.6 7.4 1.5 9.1 2.51 133

SOLAPUR Bm- 37 Solapur Tandulwadi 11.5 9.1 4.2 5.80 5.3 8.9 5.8 9.9 4.1 8.7 5.7 10.3 5.26 SOUTH 133

Bm- 38 Solapur AKKALKOT Borgaon 8.4 8.2 1.5 4.30 2.9 8.4 4.3 8.4 4.55 8.4 5.8 8.4 4.92 134

Bm- 40 Solapur AKKALKOT Wagdari 9.35 3.6 1.9 1.10 1.4 3.9 1.3 3.7 1.4 4 1.5 6.8 1.67 134

Bm- 41 Solapur AKKALKOT Gogaon 8.85 5.9 1.4 2.20 1.35 5.4 2.4 8.8 1.4 4.8 2.8 7.4 2.29 135

Bm- 42 Solapur AKKALKOT Binjger 11.75 11.8 6.2 6.30 6.9 11.4 6.9 8.35 11 7.2 11.3 6.25 136

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Bm- 43 Solapur AKKALKOT Chikkahalli 10.5 9.9 8.00 4.8 8.03 6.8 10.2 10.2 10.2 8.8 9.2 5.80 136

Dudhani Bm- 44 Solapur AKKALKOT 12.35 7.1 6.6 2.10 5.55 9.3 8.2 12.3 8.3 8.1 7.7 10.5 7.13 (Rural)) 136

Bm- 45 Solapur AKKALKOT Basalegaon 10.1 6.1 6.8 6.10 3.9 9.1 6.5 6.2 6.05 10.1 4.5 8.8 6.15 137

Satan Bm- 46 Solapur AKKALKOT 9.35 7.6 1.8 3.05 3.55 8.35 3.05 7.1 2.1 6.2 2.5 8.2 2.79 Dudhani 137

Bm- 47 Solapur AKKALKOT Udagi 10.1 8.1 3 3.00 3.2 9 3 7.2 3.2 7.1 3 8.8 3.09 137

SOLAPUR Bm- 48 Solapur Dindur 10.5 4.1 1.4 1.20 1.7 8 1.2 10.5 1.5 5.2 3.15 7.1 1.79 SOUTH 138

Bm- 49 Solapur AKKALKOT Jeur 11.5 7.75 3.6 7.5 3.8 9.8 7.35 11.5 7.2 7.8 5.3 10.3 7.35 138

Bm- 50 Solapur AKKALKOT Karjal 9.9 9.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 9.3 3.4 7.5 0.4 2.3 1.3 8.0 2.77 138

SOLAPUR Bm- 51 Solapur Dhotri 8.65 6.7 0.9 1 0.9 6.2 1 8.65 0.8 5.4 2 7.5 1.15 SOUTH 139

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

(Annexure -7.2 ) Groundwater Recharge in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (k-6) :-

Sr. Area Existing Recharge in Ham from

No. Watershed (ha.) Irriga- Rain Canal Surface GW Tanks Conser Total Type of Area no- -tion Fall Irrigation Irrigation Str.

Wells

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 BM1 Command 1322 554 168.72 17.40 107.89 124.65 0.00 0.00 418.66 2 BM1 Non Command 30478 2515 3889.71 0 0 569.39 0 427.27 4886.37

3 BM 2 Command 115 230 10.78 34.69 92.3 27.81 0 0 165.58

4 BM2 Non Command 13726 1710 1751.76 0 0 222.55 15.55 215.31 2205.17

5 BM 3 Command 3203 559 408.78 71.63 124.42 94.33 0 0 699.16

6 BM3 Non Command 15702 1134 2003.95 0 0 190.11 42.93 174.02 2411.01

7 BM 4 A Command 1172 140 149.57 35.6 101.09 52.68 0 0 338.94

8 BM4A Non Command 5664 520 722.86 0 0 124.26 0 39.99 887.11

9 BM 5 Command 830 280 105.93 11.54 39.74 80.85 0 0 238.06

10 BM5 Non Command 13767 1109 1756.99 0 0 312.35 31.8 59.68 2160.82

11 BM 6 A Command 198 47 25.27 1.97 16.52 9.11 0 0 52.87

12 BM6A Non Command 4698 453 599.58 0 0 77.5 8.28 83.84 769.20

13 BM 7 Command 1863 0 240.73 74.82 99.83 0 0 0 415.38

14 BM7 Non Command 27497 3752 3755.27 0 0 528.7 19.8 1452 5755.80

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

15 BM 8 A Command 217 86 29.64 1.89 17.5 11.82 0 0 60.85

16 BM8A Non Command 6286 620 830.23 0 0 94.27 10.2 81.31 1016.01

17 BM 9 Command 2068 577 282.43 40.28 69.98 103.86 0 0 496.55

18 BM9 Non Command 21039 2833 2873.30 0 0 766.58 0 328.12 3968.00

19 BM 10 Command 639 109 87.27 22.11 43.78 37.45 0 0 190.61

20 BM10 Non Command 9778 1090 1335.38 0 0 162.68 4.84 79.95 1582.85

21 BM 11 Command 1663 122 227.12 29.61 161.97 32.03 0 0 450.73

22 BM11 Non Command 20146 1762 2437.69 0 0 481.13 0 373.58 3292.40

23 BM 129 Non Command 8876 537 952.76 0.00 0.00 91.52 5.73 35.20 1085.21

24 BM 130 Non Command 2477 149 177.54 0.00 0.00 36.80 0.00 10.71 225.05

25 BM 131 Non Command 3213 217 230.30 0.00 0.00 55.59 0.00 2.65 288.54

26 BM 132 Non Command 945 299 82.81 0.00 0.00 61.84 0.00 12.25 156.90

27 133 Non Command 22213 1108 1874.60 0.00 0.00 154.11 5.98 83.38 2118.07

28 134 Non Command 18105 1550 1297.71 0.00 0.00 144.72 13.29 96.09 1551.81

29 135 Non Command 2323 141 200.33 0.00 0.00 41.37 5.01 19.54 266.25

30 136 Non Command 17785 1551 1440.31 0.00 0.00 189.71 12.43 102.14 1744.59

31 137 Non Command 13443 1100 778.25 0.00 0.00 136.35 9.43 9.21 933.24

32 138 Non Command 36380 3539 3390.66 0.00 0.00 506.97 10.21 121.02 4028.86

33 139 Non Command 34595 2213 2770.46 0.00 0.00 529.30 18.65 31.24 3349.65 342426 32606 36888.69 341.54 875.02 6052.39 214.13 3838.5 48210.3 Total [Source GWA - 2011-12]

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

(Annexure -7.3 ) Groundwater draft in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (k-6) :-.

Sr. Natural Net Annual Gross Total Recharge No. Dish. GW Draft Watershed no. Type of Area (Ham) Availability (Ham)

(Ham) 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 BM1 Command 418.66 20.93 397.73 506.08

2 BM1 Non Command 4886.37 244.32 4642.05 2356.62

3 BM 2 Command 165.58 8.28 157.30 192.54

4 BM2 Non Command 2205.17 110.26 2094.91 1539.52

5 BM 3 Command 699.16 34.96 664.20 641.38

6 BM3 Non Command 2411.01 120.55 2290.46 1304.94

7 BM 4 A Command 338.94 16.95 321.99 216.89

8 BM4A Non Command 887.11 44.36 842.75 515.59

9 BM 5 Command 238.06 11.90 226.16 332.16

10 BM5 Non Command 2160.82 108.04 2052.78 1280.00

11 BM 6 A Command 52.87 2.64 50.23 63.37

12 BM6A Non Command 769.20 38.46 730.74 526.28

13 BM 7 Command 415.38 20.77 394.61 9.11

14 BM7 Non Command 5755.80 287.79 5468.01 3600.99

15 BM 8 A Command 60.85 3.04 57.81 75.03

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

16 BM8A Non Command 1016.01 50.80 965.21 607.03

17 BM 9 Command 496.55 24.83 471.72 422.80

18 BM9 Non Command 3968.00 198.40 3769.60 3126.46

19 BM 10 Command 190.61 9.53 181.08 183.12

20 BM10 Non Command 1582.85 79.14 1503.71 1069.07

21 BM 11 Command 450.73 22.54 428.19 134.71

22 BM11 Non Command 3292.40 164.62 3127.78 1982.32

23 BM 129 Non Command 1085.21 54.26 1030.95 505.27

24 BM 130 Non Command 225.05 11.25 213.80 153.62

25 BM 131 Non Command 288.54 14.43 274.11 228.69

26 BM 132 Non Command 156.90 7.85 149.06 263.91

27 133 Non Command 2118.07 105.90 2012.17 897.56

28 134 Non Command 1551.81 77.59 1474.22 845.11

29 135 Non Command 266.25 13.31 252.94 180.41

30 136 Non Command 1744.59 87.23 1657.36 1085.81

31 137 Non Command 933.24 46.66 886.58 800.63

32 138 Non Command 4028.86 201.44 3827.41 2161.87

33 139 Non Command 3349.65 167.48 3182.17 2236.68 48210.3 2410.51 45799.79 30045.57 Total [Source GWA - 2011-12]

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

(Annexure -7.4) Recharge , draft and ground water availability inLower Bhima Sub Basin (k-6) :-

Sr. Net Annual Gross Stage of Water Table Trend Category Net GW No. Watershed GW Draft level. Pre Post of avail. For Type of Area No. Availability (Ham) (%) Mon- Mon- Water- Future Irri. (Ham) -soon -soon -shed Use (Ham) 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 1 BM1 Command 397.73 506.08 Non 56.802 Rising Rising Safe 2090.52 2 BM1 4642.05 2356.62 Command 3 BM 2 Command 157.30 192.54 Non 76.905 Rising Rising Safe 457.14 4 BM2 2094.91 1539.52 Command 5 BM 3 Command 664.20 641.38 Non 65.873 Rising Rising Safe 958.33 6 BM3 2290.46 1304.94 Command 7 BM 4A Command 321.99 216.89 Non 62.887 Rising Rising Safe 407.56 8 BM 4A 842.75 515.59 Command 9 BM 5 Command 226.16 332.16

Non Rising Rising Safe 627.42 10 BM 5 2052.78 1280.00 70.742 Command 11 BM 6A Command 50.23 63.37 Non 75.503 Rising Rising Safe 179.07 12 BM 6A 730.74 526.28 Command 13 BM 7 Command 394.61 9.11 Non 61.578 Rising Rising Safe 2167.07 14 BM 7 5468.01 3600.99 Command

15 BM 8A Command 57.81 75.03

Rising Rising Safe 320.89 Non 66.672 16 BM 8A 965.21 607.03 Command

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

17 BM 9 Command 471.72 422.80

Non 83.683 Rising Rising Safe 624.55 18 BM 9 3769.60 3126.46 Command

19 BM 10 Command 181.08 183.12 Non 74.32 Rising Rising Safe 389.51 20 BM 10 1503.71 1069.07 Command 21 BM 11 Command 428.19 134.71

Non Rising Rising Safe 1374.51 22 BM 11 3127.78 1982.32 59.53 Command Non 23 BM 129 1030.95 505.27 49.01 Rising Rising Safe 660.23 Command Non 24 BM 130 213.80 153.62 71.85 Rising Rising Safe 82.19 Command Non 25 BM 131 274.11 228.69 83.43 Rising Rising Safe 76.01 Command Non 26 BM 132 149.06 263.91 177.05 Falling Falling Over Exploited 0.00 Command Non 27 BM 133 2012.17 897.56 44.61 Rising Rising Safe 1299.90 Command Non 28 BM 134 1474.22 845.11 57.33 Rising Rising Safe 767.65 Command Non 29 BM 135 252.94 180.41 71.33 Rising Rising Safe 84.27 Command Non 30 BM 136 1657.36 1085.81 65.51 Rising Rising Safe 711.44 Command Non 31 BM 137 886.58 800.63 90.31 Rising Rising Safe 114.96 Command Non 32 BM 138 3827.41 2161.87 56.48 Rising Rising Safe 1949.36 Command Non 33 BM 139 3182.17 2236.68 70.29 Rising Rising Safe 1590.79 Command Total 45799.79 30045.57 68.91782 - - - 16933.37 [Source GWA - 2011-12]

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Out of these 22 watersheds one is OE and remaining watersheds are safe. The limited groundwater balance is available for future development some watershed where development is less than 70%. [Source GWA - 2011-12] (Annexure -7.5 ) Watershed wise details of Wells in Lower Bhima Sub Basin:-

Watershed Irrigation wells with pump sets No. BM 1 3069 BM 2 1940 BM 3 1693 BM4 A 660 BM5 1389 BM6 A 500 BM7 3752 BM8 A 706 BM9 3410 BM10 1199 BM11 1884

BM129 537

BM130 149

BM131 217

BM132 299

BM133 1108

BM134 1550

BM135 141

BM136 1551

BM137 1100

BM138 3539 BM139 2213 Total 32606

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

(Annexure –7.6) Groundwater Balance and Stage of Development in Lower Bhima Sub Basin:- Sr. Watershed No. Type of Area Net Annual Gross Stage of Category Net GW Additional Add.land to Feasible Wells be Irrigated No. GW Draft Devel. of avail. For @1.5 Ham/Well @2 Ha/Well

Availability (Mm3) (%) Water- Future Irri.

(Mm3) -shed Use(Mm3)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 BM1 Command 4.0 5.1 56.8 Safe 20.9 1394 2787 2 BM1 Non Command 46.4 23.6

3 BM 2 Command 1.6 1.9 76.9 Safe 4.6 305 610 4 BM2 Non Command 20.9 15.4

5 BM 3 Command 6.6 6.4 65.9 Safe 9.6 639 1278 6 BM3 Non Command 22.9 13.0

7 BM 4A Command 3.2 2.2 62.9 Safe 4.1 272 543 8 BM 4A Non Command 8.4 5.2

9 BM 5 Command 2.3 3.3 Safe 6.3 418 837 10 BM 5 Non Command 20.5 12.8 70.7

11 BM 6A Command 0.5 0.6 75.5 Safe 1.8 119 239 12 BM 6A Non Command 7.3 5.3

13 BM 7 Command 3.9 0.1 61.6 Safe 21.7 1445 2889 14 BM 7 Non Command 54.7 36.0

15 BM 8A Command 0.6 0.8 Safe 3.2 214 428

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

16 BM 8A Non Command 9.7 6.1 66.7

17 BM 9 Command 4.7 4.2 83.7 Safe 6.2 416 833 18 BM 9 Non Command 37.7 31.3

19 BM 10 Command 1.8 1.8 74.3 Safe 3.9 260 519 20 BM 10 Non Command 15.0 10.7

21 BM 11 Command 4.3 1.3 Safe 13.7 916 1833 22 BM 11 Non Command 31.3 19.8 59.5

23 BM 129 Non Command 10.3 5.1 49.0 Safe 6.6 440 880 24 BM 130 Non Command 2.1 1.5 71.9 Safe 0.8 55 110 25 BM 131 Non Command 2.7 2.3 83.4 Safe 0.8 51 101 Over 26 BM 132 Non Command 1.5 2.6 177.1 0.0 Exploited 0 0 27 BM 133 Non Command 20.1 9.0 44.6 Safe 13.0 867 1733 28 BM 134 Non Command 14.7 8.5 57.3 Safe 7.7 512 1024 29 BM 135 Non Command 2.5 1.8 71.3 Safe 0.8 56 112 30 BM 136 Non Command 16.6 10.9 65.5 Safe 7.1 474 949 31 BM 137 Non Command 8.9 8.0 90.3 Safe 1.1 77 153 32 BM 138 Non Command 38.3 21.6 56.5 Safe 19.5 1300 2599 33 BM 139 Non Command 31.8 22.4 70.3 Safe 15.9 1061 2121

Total 458.0 300.5 68.91782 - 169.3 11289 22578

[Source GWA - 2011-12]

Annexure 7.7

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

K6 : Lower Bhima Sub basin(JalyuktShivarAbhiyaan) No. of Villages No. of Villages in Available Availabl Available Sr.N selected under Progress under Type of No.of No.of No.of Taluka fund in e fund fund in work work work o. JalyuktShivarAbh Jalyukt Shiva Work Lakkh in Lakkh Lakkh iyan Abhiyan 2 0.5 Recharge shaft 3 2.1 15 15 9 1 1 Akkalkot Borewell recharge

Total 5 2.6 15 15 0 0 Annexure 7.8District wise Groundwater Assessment

Available Dom+Ind Irrigation Gross Available Net for Krishna No.of Draft Draft Draft Irrigation for Sr.No. District Area (Hec) Recharge Irrigation Sub basin Watershed (Ham) (Ham) (Ham) wells Dom.(Ham) (Ham) (Ham) 2011 2030 K-6-Lower 1 Bhima Sub OSMANABAD 11 168797 30838.97 556.40 20129.59 20685.99 20202 1112.81 9596.58 Basin K-6-Lower 2 Bhima Sub SOLAPUR 11 187603 17157.12 581.44 8778.12 9359.56 12404 1146.31 7336.81 Basin Total 356400.00 47996.10 1137.84 28907.71 30045.55 32606.00 2259.12 16933.38

Total in 479.96 11.37 289.07 300.45 22.59 169.33 Mm3 TMC 16.943 4.015 10.20 10.61 30.02 313.48

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.1 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

BM-1

BM-2 BM-7 BM-9 BM-11 BM-3 BM-5 BM-4 BM-10 BM-132 BM-6

BM-131 BM-8

BM-129 BM-133 BM-135

BM-134

BM-139

BM-138 BM-136 (

Watershed map

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.2 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

(

Index

Geo-Morphology Alluvial Plain Denudational Hill Flood Plain Habitation Mask Pediplain Plateau Structural Hills Water Body Mask

Geomorphology

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.3 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

BM-1

BM-2 BM-7 BM-9 BM-11 BM-3 BM-5 BM-4 BM-132 BM-10 BM-6

BM-131 BM-8 BM-129 BM-133 BM-135

BM-134

BM-139 BM-138 BM-136 (

Observation well location map

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.4 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.5 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.6 K-6 LowerB himaSubBasin

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.7 K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin

Osmanabad

(

Index

Solapur No Depletion 0-1 m Depletion 1-2 m Depletion 2-3 m Depletion >3 m Depletion Depletion in groundwater levels observed in October 2014 compared with last 5 years average

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

. Pre Monsoon Water Quality Map

Map No. 7.8 K 6LowerBhimaSubBasin

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Map No. 7.9 Post Monsoon Water Quality Map N K-6 LowerBhimaSubBasin ↑

Post monsoon Affected

Iron

Flouoride

Nirtrate

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Pre Monsoon Water Quality (TDS) Map K 6 Lower Bhima Sub Basin

Map No. 7.10

TDS (mg/l)

< 500 500 - 2000 > 2000 mg/l

Pre-Monsoon TDS map

Lower Bhima sub basin (K-6) Chapter 7 : GROUNDWATER RESOURCES

Post Monsoon Water Quality (TDS) Map K 6 Lower Bhima Sub Basin

Map No. 7.11

TD S (mg /l)

< 500 500 -2000 > 200 0 m g/l

Post-M onsoon TD S m ap

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

08 Irrigation

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter– 08 – Irrigation

CHAPTER–08 – IRRIGATION

8.1 Introduction

This chapter deals with development of water resources in the sub basin through Flow Irrigation and Lift Irrigation Schemes. It also deals with use of water for various purposes such as irrigation, non-irrigation. Assessment of irrigation backlog in the sub basin is made. The water resources development in this sub basin having catchment area 3564 Sq.km. spread over three district namely Solapur, Osmanabad is taking place through following ways – i) Development through construction of State Sector irrigation Projects by Water Resources Department. ii) Development through watershed based soil and water conservation measures in interdisciplinary manner by various Government Departments like Agriculture, Forest, Water Resources Department, Groundwater Survey Development Agency (GSDA), etc. iii) Development through private sector particularly use of Groundwater through wells by users.

8.2 Necessity of Water Resources Projects

As seen from the rainfall data of sub basin, there is variation in rainfall over the area with extreme rainfall observed in the western portion of the basin and a very less rainfall in the eastern part. Also this extreme rainfall in western portion results in flooding. This causes loss of connectivity in many cities and villages, loss of life and property. All these factors necessitate construction of irrigation projects. These irrigation projects impound flood waters and then either release them under control to the river below dam or store or divert the water for other uses. Lift Irrigation Projects in the sub basin are very much necessary for mitigation of water scarcity in drought prone areas of sub basin.

8.3 Irrigation

8.3.1 Flow Irrigation

The potential of completed Major, Medium and Minor Projects in the Sub Basin so for is given in below Table-8.1.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter– 08 – Irrigation

Table-8.1 (A) – Status of Potential Created Actual Avg. Percentage of actual Designed Live Live storage for Live storage with Sr.No. Type of Project Storage(Mm3) last 10 years Designed Live (Mm3) storage 1 2 3 4 5 1 Major Projects 0 0 0 94 51 54 2 Medium Projects 211 141 67 3 Minor Projects 305 192 63 Total

*The details of the same are enclosed as Annexure-8.1. (Source: Respective Divisions and MKVDC Prapatra 1 of all projects) From the above table it is observed that designed live storage of completed irrigation projects is 304.72 Mm3, actual water received during last 10 years is almost 63.15 % of designed live storage. The details of completed, ongoing and future projects are given below in Table-8.1(B).

Table-8.1 (B) – Details of completed, ongoing and future Projects.

Planned Gross Live Types of Utilization Storages Storages CCA Sr.No. project No. (Mm3) (Mm3) (Mm3) ICA (Ha) (Ha) A Completed Projects 1 Major Project 0 0 0 0 0 Medium 2 project 7 114 108 94 14651 20605 Minor 3 Projects 109 219 238 211 41554 49865 Total (A) 116 333 347 305 56205 70470 B Ongoing Project 1 Major Project 1 57 57 57 9770 11100 Medium 2 project 1 36 36 36 10100 11482 Minor 3 Projects 9 14 19 14 3527 4005 Total (B) 11 107 112 107 24489 26587 C Future Project 1 Major Project 1 151 151 151 25846 29370 Medium 2 project 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minor 3 Projects 8 12 14 12 1843 2165 Total (C) 9 163 165 163 27689 31535

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter– 08 – Irrigation

Grand Total 136 603 624 575 108383 128592

The details showing completed Major and Medium and Minor Projects is enclosed in Appendix- 8.1. Similarly, a statement showing ongoing Major, Medium & minor projects is enclosed in Appendix-8.2. The Map No. 8.1 showing irrigation’s schemes in Lower Bhima Sub Basin (K-6) enclosed herewith.

8.4 – Planned Utilization for Irrigation Projects (Completed projects) The planned utilization for irrigation, domestic and industry, designed live storage is tabulated as below in Table-8.2 Table-8.2 Planned Utilization for Irrigation Projects

Designed Type of Planned Utilization (Mm3) Actual water Utilization (Mm3) Sr. Live Project No. Storage & Nos. Irrigation Domestic Industrial Total Irrigation Domestic Industrial Total (Mm3)

Major Projects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (0 Nos)

Medium 11 Projects 94 110 5 0 114 101 3 114 (07 2 Nos)

Minor Projects 211 219 0 0 219 212 6 1 219 (109 3 Nos)

Total 305 328 5 0 333 302 17 4 333

Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal - II (KWDT-II) has allocated more water to the Maharashtra state in addition to that allocated by KWDT- I. Presently we cannot plan the use of that additional water since the award of KWDT-II is not yet notified by the Central Government. If that water is available more projects can be taken for execution. Presently the details of projects which have got Administrative Approval but not yet started, projects for which Administrative Approval is awaited and projects under survey and investigation/ future projects is given in Appendix–8.3 as ongoing & future project.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter– 08 – Irrigation

8.5 Multi- purpose projects in the sub basin There are in total 7 medium and 109 minor projects completed in sub basin. However minor project are planned for irrigation only. All the medium projects are planned for irrigation as well as drinking and industrial use. No project is planned for hydro electric generation. 8.6 Interstate project in the sub basin No project is planned for interstate project in the sub basin.

8.7 Extent of area under Micro Irrigation During the course of time, with intensive research in the field of irrigation, the irrigation techniques have been changed from traditional or conventional flow irrigation to modern techniques such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. Also to provide irrigation facilities to scarce and deficit rainfall areas and uncommand areas, various Lift Irrigation Schemes are taken up by the Government. The water lifted up is very costly considering the electricity charges and running maintenance charges of scheme. So to use this costly water, modern techniques of irrigation are used. The details of extent of the area under micro irrigation are given as below table 8.7. Table 8.3 Details of area under micro irrigation Sr. No. Modern Methods of Present Area in Ha Projected Area in Ha Irrigation for 2030

1 Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation 20706 41411 Total 20706 41411

Source: Agriculture chapter no. 5 of this sub basin Water Plan

8.8 Total no. of Wells in the Sub basin. Total no. of Wells in the Sub basin are 32606 nos. Total recharge by wells in the sub basin for non command area is 446.83 MM³ and for command area is 35.27 MM³ Shown in table 8.4 Table 8.4 Details of Recharge by wells and area irrigated by wells Sr.No. Type of area Total no. of well Recharge by wells Area irrigated by Mm3 wells in Ha @ 2ha/well 1 2 3 4 5 35 1 Command Area 2704 5408 447 2 Non Command Area 29902 59804 65212 Total 32606 482

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter– 08 – Irrigation

8.9 Lift Irrigation Schemes

Presently there are no Lift irrigation schemes completed so far in the sub basin. But the details of ongoing Lift Irrigation schemes in the sub basin is given in Table-8.5 – Table-8.5 – Lift Irrigation Schemes under construction in sub basin

Original Quantu Sr. Administrative Source m of ICA (Ha) N Name of LIS District Taluka Approval of Water water in o. Cost (Rs. Year Mm3 (Crore) 10 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9

Ongoing projects Ekrukh lift scheme Inter 1 (through Solapur Akkalkot basin 36 10100

Kurnoor Transfer project) Krishna Tuljapur, Inter Marathwada Osman 10862 2 Omarga, 631 2009 basin 57 lift scheme abad Lohara. Transfer no-2

Total 93 20962

8.10 Sedimentation Survey There are 0 major Dams and 7 medium Dams completed in this sub-basin. Out of all these dams. None of project has conducted sedimentation survey. Therefore details of reduction in live storages cannot be stipulated 8.11 Irrigation Backlog As per MWRRA Annual Report 2012-13 (Annexure 8.5 (1) Page no. 77), the physical backlog in this sub basin is NIL.

Annexure 8.1 (A) Project wise details of live storage. Sr. Name of Project Gross planned Average Percentage of avg. No. Storage Live Actual live storage with

Storage 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 storages planned storage

1 Chiwari Omerga 2.822 2.467 0.257 1.41 - 1.9 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 1.670 67.69 2 Palas Nilegaon 5.68 4.968 4.781 4.97 - 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.97 4.310 86.76 3 Hangarga(Tul) 2.03. 1.538 0 1.11 - 1.11 1.538 1.538 1.538 - 0.850 55.27 4 Tamalwadi 2.04 1.690 1.69 1.69 - 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.470 86.98 5 Kalegaon 6.04 5.196 1.04 5.196 - 5.19 5.19 5.19 5.19 5.19 4.030 77.56 6 Kolsur 5.303 3.764 3.11 3.27 - 3.76 3.76 - 3.76 3.76 2.680 71.20 7 Khumbhari 2.505 2.121 1.564 2.12 - 2.12 2.12 - - - 0.990 46.68 8 Bhikar Sawang 5.825 5.110 4.93 5.11 - 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 5.11 4.410 86.30 9 Dagad Dhanore 8.614 6.710 5.621 6.71 - 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.71 - 4.890 72.88 10 Other M I Projects 177.536 116.140 65.42 Total 211.100 141.440 67.00 Average actual storage is 141.44 Mm³ as against planned live storage of 211.10 Mm³. This actual storage is to the tune of 67% of planned live storage Annexure - 8.2 List of Existing / Completed project in K-6 Sub basin Name of Water Storage Mm3 Planned water utilization Mm3 ICA (ha) Sub basin Taluka Dist.Dead Live Total Irrigation Domestic Industry Total Total Sr. no Name of project 1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A) Medium Project 1 Bori Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad2.97 32.28 35.25 39.983 0.283 0.0566 40.323 3644 2 Khandla Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad1.05 5.24 6.29 5.24 0.906 0 6.146 830 3 Harani Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad1.42 11.18 12.6 11.382 0 0 11.382 1660 4 Benitura Benitura Omarga Osmanabad1.33 11.49 12.83 11.24 1.84 0 13.08 2293 5 Jakapur Benitura Omarga Osmanabad2.21 7.96 10.16 11.155 0 0 11.155 1587 6 Turori Benitura Omarga Osmanabad1.42 6.23 7.64 8.635 1.699 0 10.334 887 7 Kurnoor Bori Akkalkot Solapur4.34 19.25 23.59 22 0 0 22 3750 Total (B) 14.73 93.63 108.36 109.64 4.73 0.06 114.42 14651 C) Minor Project 1 Yemai Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0031.557 1.56 1.856 0 0 1.856 472 2 Hagraga Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.869 2.01 2.168 0 0 2.168 429 3 Kamatha Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.246 1.359 1.545 0 0 1.545 358 4 Bharti Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0020.566 0.569 2.054 0 0 2.054 170 5 Hoti Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.246 1.359 1.545 0 0 1.545 290 6 Chivari Umerga Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0852.463 2.548 2.150 0 0 2.150 576 7 Aarali Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0570.821 0.878 1.120 0 0 1.120 153 8 Eatakal Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0031.076 1.079 1.375 0 0 1.375 210 9 Masala Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1981.359 1.557 1.658 0 0 1.658 187 10 Khunali Bori Omarga Osmanabad 0.0850.849 0.934 1.148 0 0 1.148 192 11 Achler Bori Omarga Osmanabad 0.170.963 1.133 1.262 0 0 1.262 385 12 Kaslamwadi Bori Omarga Osmanabad 0.0570.68 0.736 0.979 0 0 0.979 154 13 Koregoan wadi Bori Omarga Osmanabad 0.1131.331 1.444 1.630 0 0 1.630 292 14 Aalur Bori Omarga Osmanabad 0.1420.991 1.133 1.290 0 0 1.290 202 15 Palas nilegoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 1.3314.36 5.691 5.259 0 0 5.259 1040 16 Hangraga (Nal) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.453.68 4.13 3.979 0 0 3.979 517 17 Kolegoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.8215.21 6.031 5.451 0 0 5.451 1296 18 Kunsavali Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0031.048 1.05 1.347 0 0 1.347 252 19 Salgara (m) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0031.246 1.249 1.545 0 0 1.545 303 20 Seedagoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.2551.925 2.18 2.224 0 0 2.224 433 21 Andoor Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.161 1.274 1.460 0 0 1.460 265 22 Murta No.1 Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0571.727 1.784 2.026 0 0 2.026 318 23 Shahapur Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.341.925 2.265 2.227 0 0 2.227 411 24 Davsinga (Tul) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.133 1.246 1.432 0 0 1.432 272 25 Kilaj Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.217 1.359 1.516 0 0 1.516 284 26 Salgara (Di) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.4811.557 2.039 1.856 0 0 1.856 311 27 Wanegoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.2551.189 1.444 1.699 0 0 1.699 256 28 Aarbali Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.076 1.189 1.460 0 0 1.460 252 29 Chivari Omerga Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.171.416 1.586 1.715 0 0 1.715 342 30 Murta No.2 Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.171.84 2.01 1.779 0 0 1.779 475 31 Nannd goan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.302 1.444 1.601 0 0 1.601 351 32 Wadgoan (De) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.3961.699 2.095 1.998 0 0 1.998 266 33 Horti Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.161 1.274 1.460 0 0 1.460 262 34 Lohagoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.217 1.331 1.516 0 0 1.516 271 35 Dindgoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.3112.973 3.284 3.272 0 0 3.272 492 36 Aliyabad Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.557 1.699 1.856 0 0 1.856 374 37 Hangarag (Tul) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.4531.529 1.982 1.828 0 0 1.828 320 38 Hipparaga (Rava) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.302 1.444 1.601 0 0 1.601 273 39 Jalkoat Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.6511.189 1.84 1.488 0 0 1.488 401 40 Chivari No-2 Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0851.359 1.444 1.658 0 0 1.658 287 41 Harganga (Nal) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.2272.322 2.548 2.621 0 0 2.621 557 42 Balewadi No.2 Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0851.076 1.161 1.375 0 0 1.375 253 43 hoti no.-2 Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.3681.217 1.586 1.516 0 0 1.516 264 44 Wadgoan (la) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.161 1.274 1.460 0 0 1.460 252 45 Fulwadi Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.189 1.302 1.488 0 0 1.488 256 46 Kumbari Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.3682.123 2.492 2.422 0 0 2.422 406 47 Yedola Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0851.161 1.246 1.460 0 0 1.460 251 48 Chikundra Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.2551.133 1.387 1.432 0 0 1.432 285 49 Tadvala Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1981.359 1.557 1.658 0 0 1.658 343 50 Khandla Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1131.246 1.359 1.545 0 0 1.545 261 51 Nilegoan Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.1421.274 1.416 1.573 0 0 1.573 266 52 Wagdari Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.0031.076 1.079 1.375 0 0 1.375 253 53 Kolasur Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 1.9543.341 5.294 3.640 0 0 3.640 640 54 Kasarjavalga No.1 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.2271.755 1.982 2.054 0 0 2.054 415 55 Kasarjavalga No.2 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.0031.161 1.164 1.460 0 0 1.460 285 56 Bhikar sangavi Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.7365.096 5.832 0.809 0 0 0.809 985 57 Aachalar Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.0031.161 1.164 1.460 0 0 1.460 253 58 Diggi Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.416 1.586 1.715 0 0 1.715 282 59 Bhusani Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.161 1.331 1.460 0 0 1.460 255 60 Murali Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.9912.35 3.341 2.649 0 0 2.649 385 61 Aalur Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.331 1.501 1.630 0 0 1.630 278 62 Dalimb Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1131.897 2.01 2.196 0 0 2.196 478 63 Khasagi Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1981.331 1.529 1.630 0 0 1.630 255 64 Talmodwadi Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.076 1.246 1.375 0 0 1.375 252 65 dariWagdari Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1421.076 1.217 1.375 0 0 1.375 253 66 kader Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1981.274 1.472 1.573 0 0 1.573 263 67 Gujooti Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.302 1.472 1.601 0 0 1.601 276 68 Javali no-1 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1981.302 1.501 1.601 0 0 1.601 253 69 Malegoan (pa) Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1421.189 1.331 1.488 0 0 1.488 254 70 Bhosaga Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1981.189 1.387 1.488 0 0 1.488 255 71 Supatgoan Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1130.991 1.104 1.290 0 0 1.290 254 72 Koregoan Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.4254.19 4.615 4.489 0 0 4.489 842 73 Chicholi (pa) Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.7085.606 6.314 5.899 0 0 5.899 532 74 Tutori join canel Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 04.332 4.332 4.099 0 0 4.099 0 75 Ramnagar Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.3111.274 1.586 1.630 0 0 1.630 263 76 Dagad Dhanoora Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 2.6056.087 8.692 6.386 0 0 6.386 1119 77 Wadgoan (Ga) Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.472 1.642 1.771 0 0 1.771 253 78 Balsul no-1 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1981.727 1.925 2.026 0 0 2.026 310 79 Balsul no-2 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.217 1.387 1.516 0 0 1.516 270 80 Ekuraga Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1421.133 1.274 1.432 0 0 1.432 258 81 kherala Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.104 1.274 1.403 0 0 1.403 282 82 Badega Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.1421.217 1.359 1.516 0 0 1.516 355 83 javli no-2 Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.0851.189 1.274 1.488 0 0 1.488 282 84 Gujotiwadi Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.189 1.359 1.488 0 0 1.488 261 85 Gugalgoan Benitura Omarga Osmanabad 0.171.614 1.784 1.913 0 0 1.913 327 86 Chiwari Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.362.46 2.82 2.759 0 0 2.759 567 87 Palas nilegaon Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 1.334.36 5.69 4.659 0 0 4.659 1040 88 Hawganga (N) Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 1.164.13 5.29 4.429 0 0 4.429 517 89 Kulegaon Bori TuljapurOsmanabad 06.03 6.03 6.329 0 0 6.329 1296 90 Dindegaon Bori TuljapurOsmanabad 0.632.97 3.6 3.269 0 0 3.269 492 91 Dombarjawdaga Bori Akkalkot Solapur 00.88 0.88 0.447 0 0 0.447 120 92 Shirwalwad Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.322.94 3.26 2.565 0 0 2.565 485 93 Borgaon Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.231.89 2.12 2.409 0 0 2.409 414 94 Bhurikawate Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.191.78 1.97 2.128 0 0 2.128 232 95 Kazikanbas Bori AkkalkotSolapur 0.453.57 4.02 3.358 0 0 3.358 547 96 Gholasgaon Bori Akkalkot Solapur 01.98 1.98 1.590 0 0 1.590 297 97 Satandhusri S.T. Bori Akkalkot Solapur 01.98 1.98 2.216 0 0 2.216 497 98 Galurgi Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.21.87 2.07 2.089 0 0 2.089 413 99 Sindhkhed Bori Akkalkot Solapur 02.04 2.04 0.299 0 0 0.299 135 100 Nimgaon Bori Akkalkot Solapur 05.94 5.94 0.894 0 0 0.894 260 101 Akkalkot Bori Akkalkot Solapur 01.41 1.41 1.602 0 0 1.602 572 102 Satandhudhni Bori Akkalkot Solapur 02.55 2.55 1.849 0 0 1.849 615 103 Sangolgta Bori AkkalkotSolapur 01.7 1.7 1.999 0 0 1.999 473 104 Boblad Bori AkkalkotSolapur 00.85 0.85 1.149 0 0 1.149 441 105 Ruddewadi Bori AkkalkotSolapur 00.73 0.73 0.695 0 0 0.695 232 106 Mirajgi Bori Akkalkot Solapur 01.41 1.41 1.687 0 0 1.687 333 107 Kini-2 Bori AkkalkotSolapur 07.4 7.4 1.035 0 0 1.035 266 108 Chikkalli Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.171.73 1.9 1.715 0 0 1.715 322 109 kosegoan Bori Akkalkot Solapur 03.4 3.4 1.324 0 0 1.324 1022 Total (B) 27.29211.1 238.38 219.000 0 0 219.000 41554 Grand Total (A+B) 42.02304.73 346.74 328.635 4.728 0.0566 333.42 56205 Annexure - 8.3 List of Ongoing project in K-6 Sub basin Name of Water Storage Mm3 Planned water utilization Mm3 Total ICA Sr. no Name of project Sub basin Taluka Dist. Dead Live Total Irrigation Domestic Industry Total (ha) 12 3456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A) Major Project Krishna Marathwada irrigation project (KMIP) 56.64 56.64 51.64 4.0 1.0 56.64 9770 B) Medium Project Ekrukh lift (through Kurnoor) Bori Akkalkot Solapur - 36.1 36.1 36.1 0 0 36.1 10100 C) Minor Project 1 Wadgoan (Ganja) Benitura Lohara Osmanabad 0.14 1.5 1.64 1.64 0 0 1.64 329 2 Ghugalgoan Benitura Omerga Osmanabad 0.2 1.59 1.78 1.78 0 0 1.78 327 3 Bedga Benitura Omerga Osmanabad 0.14 1.22 1.36 1.36 0 0 1.36 355 4 Wagdari Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.03 1.22 1.25 1.25 0 0 1.25 253 5 Karjari Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0 1.7 1.7 1.7 0 0 1.7 415 6 Dhubdhubi Dhubdhubi South Solapur Solapur 3.96 4.24 8.21 8.21 0 0 8.21 1315 7 Borgaon Bori Akkalkot Solapur 0.23 1.9 2.12 2.12 0 0 2.12 414 8 Kadabgaon 0.09 0.8 0.86 0.86 0 0 0.86 119 Total (c) 4.79 14.17 18.96 18.96 0 0 18.96 3527 Grand Total (A+B+C) 4.79 106.91 111.7 106.7 4 1 111.7 23397 Annexure -8.4 List of Future project in K-6 Sub basin Name of Name of Water Storage Mm3 Planned water utilization Mm3 Total ICA Sr. no project Sub basin Taluka Dist. Dead Live Total Irrigation Domestic Industry Total (ha) 1234 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 A) Major Project Krishna Marathwada irrigation project (KMIP) Osmanabad 0 151 151 144 5 2 151 25846 B) Medium Project Nil C) Minor Project 1 Alegaon Solapur 0.78 4.3 5.08 5.08 0 0 5.08 612 2 Marathewadi 0.5 1.9 2.4 2.4 0 0 2.4 334 3 Torni 0.27 1.9 2.17 2.12 0 0 2.12 322 4 Chappalgaon 0.21 1.2 1.41 1.1 0 0 1.1 172 5 Gholasgaon 0.17 1 1.17 0.9 0 0 0.9 147 6 Hasapur 0.12 1 1.12 0.9 0 0 0.9 149 7 Achegaon 0.14 0.8 0.94 0.7 0 0 0.7 107 Total (c) 2.19 12.1 14.29 13.2 0 0 13.2 1843 Grand Total (A+B+C) 2.19 163.1 165.29 157.2 5 2 164.2 27689 Annexure -8.5 (A) Average actual area irrigated in Medium Project of Sub basin Sr. No. Name of Designed Actual ICA Percentage Project ICA 1Bon 3644 1709.56 47% 2 Khandala 830 366.72 44% 3 Harni 1660 540.44 33% 4 Benitura 2293 383.67 17% 5 Jakapur 1587 210.33 13% 6 Turori 887 207.11 23% 7 Kurnur 3750 1248.82 33% Averege 14651 4688 32% Averege actual area irrigated is 4688 Ha. as against design ICA of 14651 Ha.m³. This actual storage is to the tune of 32% of design live storage. Annexure -8.5 (B) Actual irrigation of M.I. Project in the subbasin Average actual irrigation is 749. Ha as against design irrigation area if 4414 ha in the project. Thus Actual irrigation is to the tune of 17% of designed live storage. Sr. no. Name of Project Design 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Average ICA Irrigation Ha. 1 Bhikar Sawang 985 283 476 406 262 375 135 61 0 92 232.22 2 Khumbhar 406 0 0 0 0 22 197 277 0 303 88.78 Korewadi 3 Dagad Dhanora 1119 0 0 0 229 520 332 24 0 117 135.78

4 Tamalwadi 252 129 22 52 62 108 158 85 0 75 76.78 5 Palas Nilegaon 1040 0 157 165 172 183 131 82 0 33 102.56 6 Koregaon 292 79 56 172 43 0 140 101 0 219 78 7 Hangarga (tul) 320 0 0 43 0 132 84 31 0 69 35.11 Average Actual 4414 749 Irrigation Annexure ‐8.6 (A)

Actual Storages and Actual Irrigation in Completed irrigation projects. Sr. no. Type of project Designed Actual water % to designed storage MM³ utilization MM³ Storage

1Major Nil Nil Nil 2 Medium 93.63 51 54.47 3 Minor 211.1 141.44 67.00 Total 304.73 192.44 63.15 From the above tables, It can be seen that Actual utilization as per actual storage in completed irrigation projects is 54.46 % for medium projects and 67% for designed storage. Annexure ‐8.6 (B) Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project. Designed Actual area % to the Sr.No. Details of Projects ICA Ha irrigated Ha designed ICA 1 Medium projects 14651.00 4688.00 31.92 Minor projects in 2 Osmanabad district 4414.00 749.00 17.00 Minor projects in 3 Solapur district 4673.00 1415.79 30.29 K.T. weir in Solapur 4 District 3327.00 925.27 27.81 Total 27065.00 7778.06 28.69

Actual irrigation in completed irrigation projects for medium projects is 31.92 % and 24.88 % for minor projects. The details of Actual utilization of water & Actual area irrigated are annexed as annexure 8/2 to 8/5 Annexure ‐8.7 Irrigation potential Projection for 2015 Projection for 2030 Sr. No. Details Percentage of Percentage of Area (Ha) Area (Ha) C.A of basin C.A of basin State Sector (Project 1 with CCA more than 70470 19.77 119336 33.48 250 Ha ) Local Sector (Project 2 with CCA less than 15688 4.4 21951 6.16 250 Ha ) Ground water (Non 3 59804 16.78 59804 16.78 command) Total 145962 40.95 201091 56.42 Area of Micro 4 20705 5.8 41411 11.62 Irrigation System Annexure 8.8 (A) The details of local sector scheme including storage & irrigation area is as below (Including local sector & Z.P)

Completed Ongoing Future Total Sr.No. Details No Storage No Storage No Storage No Storage 100 to 250 Ha Irrigation Tank 18 21.22 2 2.36 0 0 20 23.58 Storage Tank 13 8.31 2 1.27 11 7.03 26 16.61 I K.T. Weir 8 5.56 1 0.690096.25 Total 39 35.09 5 4.32 11 7.03 55 46.44 0 to 100 Ha Irrigation Tank 00000000 Storage Tank 28 7.710000287.71 II K.T. Weir 342 33.86 45 4.45 116 11.89 503 50.21 Total 370 41.57 45 4.45 116 11.89 531 57.92 Grand Total (I+II) 409 76.66 50 8.77 127 18.92 586 104.36 Annexure 8.8 (B) Details of Irrigation area for local sector schemes Completed Ongoing Future Total Sr.No. Details No Area No Area No Area No Area 100 to 250 Ha Irrigation Tank 18 3131 2 348 0 0 20 3479 Storage Tank 13 1700 2 263 11 1439 26 3402 I K.T. Weir 8 1083 1 1360091219 Total 39 5914 5 747 11 1439 55 8100 0 to 100 Ha Irrigation Tank 00000000 Storage Tank 28 11110000281111 II K.T. Weir 342 8663 45 1139 116 2938 503 12740 Total 370 9774 45 1139 116 2938 531 13851 Grand Total (I+II) 409 15688 50 1886 127 4377 586 21951 Annexure 8.9 (A)

Abstract For Irrigation Projects for water storages ( Including Completed, Ongoing & Future Projects )

Completed Project Ongoing Projects Future Total Sr. No. Details No Storage No Storage No Storage No Storage 1 Major 00 1 56.64 1 151 2 207.64 2 Medium 793.63 1 36.1 0 0 8 129.73 Total 7 93.63 2 92.74 1 151 10 337.37 Minor (State 3 109211.1 9 14.17 8 12.1 126 237.37 sector) 4 Minor ( LS ZP) 40976.66 50 8.77 127 1 586 104.36 Total for State sector and local 518287.76 59 22.94 135 13.1 712 341.73 sector Annexure - 8.9 (B) Abstract Of Irrigation Projects for Irrigable area ( Including Completed, Ongoing & Future Projects ) Area in Ha Sr. Completed Project Ongoing Projects Future Total No. Details No Area No Area No Area No Area 1 Major 0 0 1 10862 1 25846 2 36708 2 Medium 7 14651 1 10100 0 0 8 24751 Total 7 14651 2 20962 1 25846 10 61459 Minor 3 109 (State sector) 41554 9 3527 8 1843 126 46924 4 Minor ( LS ZP) 409 15688 50 1886 127 4377 586 21951 Total for State sector 518 57242 59 5413 135 6220 712 68875 Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

09 Water Conservation

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Chapter no 9 Water Conservation

Introduction

The water conservation works are helpful for distribution of water and increasing the agricultural productivity. These works conserve the water at local level and provides flexibility for water management by the farmers. The integrated approach for watershed development helps for protecting the environment. It also useful for controlling the siltation of irrigation reservoirs.

Table-9.1.The watersheds wise status of soil and water conservation works are given in the following Tables-

9.1 . Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6) The lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) spreads over the districts of Solapur and Osmanabad. It covers an area of about 1378275 ha. out of which 325992 ha. area is available for watershed development works in this sub-basin. The treated area up to March, 2013 is of 174368 ha (53.98 % ).The balance area for watershed activities in this basin is 151623ha. District and Taluka wise proposed area, Treated area and Balance area is as table No. 1 per.

Table.9.1 Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6)

Districts Taluka Watershed Total Area Proposes to Area Balance Nos. Area (ha) be treated with treated area to be soil &Water treated(ha Conservation up to .)(5-6) 2013 Measures (ha.)

Solapur Akkalkot, 134 140130 139460 80470 58990 Solapur Partly

Total Solapur 134 140130 139460 80470 58990

Tuljapur, Osmanabad 11 1145620 94007 53060 40946 Lohara partly

Omarga 5 92525 92525 40838 51687

Total Osmanabad 16 1238145 186532 93898 92633

Total k-6 150 1378275 325992 174368 151623

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Table-9.2- Abstract of Small Scale Irrigation Schemes 101 to 250 ha [ for details see Appendix-I] ( Minor Irrigation Tanks, Storage Tanks, K.T.Weir and etc)

9.2.1 Small Scale Irrigation (Rs. in crore) Sr.No. Type of No of Schemes Potential Schemes Completed ongoing Future Total Ha. Mm3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 No Expen No Expen No Expen No Expen

a Irrigation 18 26.33 2 4.17 0 0 20 30.50 3479 23.58 Tank b Storage 13 14.34 2 3.75 11 0 26 18.09 3402 16.61 Tank c K.T.Weir 8 3.62 1 0.28 0 0 9 3.90 1219 6.25 Total 39 44.29 5 8.20 11 0.00 55 52.49 8100 46.44

9.2.2 Agriculture Department

a) Watershed wise Status of Soil & Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6)

Soil & Water Conservation works include Different area treatments & drainage line treatments are implemented by Soil & Water Conservation Department. In area treatment, on upper ridges the treatments like continuous contour trenches (CCT), deep CCT, loose bolder structure, earthen structure, etc. are taken. It checks the soil erosion and stores water. Stored water is percolated in soil, which increases the water level of nearby wells in lower-side areas. On landsides, Compartment bunding (0- 4% slope) & Terracing (0 - 6 %) are taken. It stores the rain water & checks the soil erosion.

On Lower ridges, drainage line treatments like Mati nala bund, Cement nalla bund, Diversion bunds are taken. The water is stored & percolated in soil, which recharge the ground water. Water becomes available for crops during dry spell & critical growth stages of crops. It increases the productivity and production. The Watershed wise Status of Soil & Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6) is given in table No .9.2

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

b) Watershedwise Status of Soil & Water Conservation Works are given in the following Tables Water Conservation work Soil Conservation Work - area ha/no.of structure Compartm Sub Cement Losse DistrictsWatershed No. Earthen Farm Diversion Total Majgi ent CCT Gabian Padkai Total Basin Nala Bolder Structure pond Bund (ha) Bunding (ha) Structures (ha) Bund (no) (ha) Usmanabad Tuljapur,Lohara 11 0 785 1467 0 2252 00110330 0 0 0 110330 Partly Umrga 5 Beed K-6 Patoda 12 472 182 13640 2018 00 17900 3750 0 0 21650 Aashti 13 Solapur Akklkot 3940 3732300 0 6613 0 47285 0 0 0 0 47285 134 Solapur partly) Total K-6 4412 1340 5131 0 10883 0 175515 3750 0 0 0 179265

9.3- Abstract of Small Scale Irrigation Schemes 0 to 100 ha [ for details see Appendix-II] (Minor Storage Tanks,K.T.Weir,Percolation Tanks, Village Tanks and CNB under Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan)

9.3.1 Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan

A flagship programm “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyaan” (JSA) is being implemented as “Sarvansathi Pani – Tanchaimukt Maharashtra 2019” by Government of Maharashtra to permanently overcome scarcity situation in the State. Irregularity and uneven rainfall consistency always creates scarcity which result impact on agricultural sector and drinking water as well. “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyaan” is being implemented by Water Conservation department for sustainable agriculture and drinking water problems in rural area. Objectives of “Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyaan” 1. Assimilate rain water in the village itself. 2. Increase ground water level. 3. Creation of sustainable irrigation in drought prone area. 4. Availability of enough water in rural area. 5. Create decentralise water storages. 6. Restoration & increase in the capacity of existing water resources. 7. Repairing and Silt removing of existing schemes. 8. Effective use of water in Agriculture. 9. To encourage and increase the participation of the people for water assimilation.

The following works are being taken under JSA 1. Watershed development works.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

2. Series of Cement Concrete Nalla Bandh. 3. Restoration of old water bodies. 4. Repairs of existing Water bodies (K.T. Weir / Storage Tank / Storage Weir etc.). 5. Repair and Renovation of Minor Irrigation Tanks & Percolation Tanks etc. 6 Silt removing of Percolation Tank / Village Tank / Tank constructed during Shiv, British, Nizam period / Mati Nalla Bandh etc.

9.3.2 Small Scale Irrigation Rs in cr. No of Schemes Potential Type of Sr.No. Schemes Completed ongoing Future Total Ha. Mm3 No Expen No Expen No Expen No Expen 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 a Irrigation Tank 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 b Storage Tank 28 1.54 0 0 0 0 28 1.54 1111 7.71 c K.T.Weir 342 21.60 45 2.42 116 0 503 24.02 12740 50.21 d CNB 46 2.39 61 9.55 240 0 347 11.94 1842 9.317 Total 416 25.53 106 11.97 356 0 878 37.50 15693 67.337

ZP No of Schemes Potential Type of Sr.No. Completed ongoing Future Total Ha. Mm3 Schemes No Expen No Expen No Expen No Expen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

a CNB 80 4.47 20 0.28 0 0 100 4.75 515 1.483

9.3.3 Agriculture Department

Water Conservation Works in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6) The various types of Completed Water conservation schemes, there are mainly four types of water conservation works carried out by Agriculture Department i.e. Earthen structures ,cement Nalla Bund, Farm Pond & Diversion Bunds. These structures created approxly 113.58 Mm³ storage potential. Hence 43771ha. area indirectly created irrigation potential in the sub-basin, which helps to increases ground water level appr.1 to 3 mtrs. The details are given in table No.3. below.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Table Abstract of Water Conservation Schemes in Lower Bhima Krishna Sub Basin (K6)

Sr.No Type Of Schemes No of Schemes Poetntial Completed Ongoing Future Total Ha. Mm³

1. Mati Nala Bund 16118 0 0 16118 32236 96.70

2. Cement Nala Bund 1340 0 0 1340 5360 10.70

3. Farn Pond 5131 0 0 5131 6175.20 6.16

4. Diversion Bund 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 22589 0 0 22589 43771.2 113.56

Note- For Storage potential factors used for no. of Erthen Structure ×6 =TCM, no.of C.N.B.

×8=TCM, no.of Farm Pond×1.20 =TCM

For area potential factors used for Erthen Structure × 2=ha, C.N.B. ×4=ha, Farm

Pond×1.20=ha, No. of Diversion Bund×8=ha

9.4 Review of Impact

A] The report of Groundwater Resource Estimation Committee June 1997 [GOI] indicated about impact of watershed development as given below-

I] Recharge form storage tanks and pounds is 1.4 mm/day for the period in which the tanks has water [Based on average area of water spread]

2] Recharge form percolation tanks-50% of gross storage considering number of fillings

3] Recharge due to check dams and nalla bunds provided annual desilting is done 50% of gross storage provided annual desilting is done.

4) As per information furnished by GSDA

5] Case studies

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Table 9.5- Increase in Recharge

Sr. Type of Village Recharge to Groundwater No Structure as percentage of Gross Storage 1

1 Percolation 50% Tank Borgaon 2 Percolation kini 50% Tank 3 Percolation Chapgaonwadi 50% Tank

9.6. Status of water conservation Works [area upto 100 ha]

The details of percolation tank, village tank at local sector level is given in Appendix – II giving details about location, storage capacity, irrigation potential etc. The abstract of which is as given below in Table-8.8.-

Table - Status of water conservation Works

Sr Water N Taluka shed Percolation Tank Village Tank o No

Completed Ongoing Completed Ongoing

Capa Capacity Capacit Capacity No Exp No Exp No Exp No city Exp Mcft y Mcft Mcft Mcft 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 BM- 1 Akkalkote 184 1060.02 13.51 15 51.90 1.52 7 8.12 0.05 0 0 0 13 South SAD- 2 87 496.11 4.66 17 52.96 1.92 18 20.50 0.08 0 0 0 Solapur 2

3 Lohara BM-7 38 192.09 3.10 2 8.47 0 2 4.59 0.14 1 1.04 0.03

Osmanaba MR- 4 71 395.48 6.29 23 113.38 2.13 5 9.18 0.16 3 7.41 0.09 d 22 BM.1, 5 Tuljapur 214 956.56 18.76 41 161.61 3.23 0 0 0 0 0 0 SA-38

6 Total 594 3100.26 46.3298 388.32 8.80 32 42.39 0.43 4 8.45 0.12

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Table‐ 9.7. ‐Future Projection Recharge Sr. Total capacity Recharge Type of measure Quantity No. (Mmᵌ) Potential (%) (Mmᵌ) 1 Storage Schemes (0 to 100 ha.) 42.30 50% 21.15

2 Storage Schemes (101 to 250 ha.) 72.50 50% 36.25

Total 114.80 57.40 Add Recharge due to Soil Conservation 3 Works 114.80 Grand Total 57.40

The details about storage tanks [S.S.I] and k.t.weirs [S.S.I.] of 101 to 250 Acres 0 to 100 ha have been given In Appendix- I & II

The details of district wise, watershed wise number of various structures such as Nalla Bandharas, Percolation Tank, Cement Plugs, Underground Bandharas, Forest Tanks, Village Tanks, Farm Ponds, etc Completed and Balance and area treated and Balance are given in Table 8.3. enclosed herewith.

9.8. Effect of Water Conservation works – A basin specific Case Study

Case Study No 1

Storage tank at Boregaon Tal. Akkalkot, district Solapur

This work was visited by Shri N R Karimungi Executive Engineer Small Scale Irrigation( Water conservation) Division Solapur and Shri S S patil sectional engineer on23.03.2015. The salient features of the scheme are attached separately. This storage tank is constructed across local nalla, which is tributary of Bori river. It comes under sub basin of river Bori and its BM no is BM 134/I/ 1/a .This project is located about 32 kms from Akkalkot. city towards north. The population of village Boregaon is about 1800 souls. This project falls under drought prone area of Solapur District. Shri Chand Bagwan a farmer from village Boregaon having land about five acres near storage tank was present at the time of visit. he expressed his views that, before construction of this storage tank he was growing only jawar, tur,sunflower etc.in his land. After construction of storage tank he started growing cash crops like sugarcane, onion, grapes and Vegetables ets.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

His income has been increased from 40,000/- Rs to Rs 3 Lacs per year due to this project and farmer Chand Bagwan was very pleased and showed his happiness. Due to this project @ sixty farmers are benefitted all around the project. There are 20 wells and about 18 bore wells are recharged due to this storage tank. There appeared considerable rise in the water table in the nearby wells in the vicinity of the storage tank.

Case Study No 2

Storage tank at KadabgaonTal. Akkalkot, district Solapur This work was visited by Shri N R Karimungi Executive Engineer Small Scale Irrigation( Water conservation) Division Solapur and Shri S S patil sectional engineer on23.03.2015. The salient features of the scheme are attached separately. This storage tank is constructed across local nalla, which is tributary of Bhima river. It comes under sub basin of river Bhima and its BM no is BM/III/ 1/a .This project is located about 32 kms from Akkalkot. city towards north. The population of village Kadabgaon is about 2500 souls. This project falls under drought prone area of Solapur District. Shri Ramesh patil a farmer from village Kadabgaon having land about ten acres near storage tank was present at the time of visit. He expressed his views that, before construction of this storage tank he was growing only jawar, tur,sunflower etc.in his land. After construction of storage tank he started growing cash crops like sugarcane, onion, grapes and Vegetables ets. His income has been increased from 10,000/- acre Rs to Rs 80,000 per acre per year due to this project and farmer Shri Ramesh Patil was very pleased and showed his happiness. Due to this project @ sixty farmers are benefitted all around the project. There are 18wells and about 22 borewells are recharged due to this storage tank. There appeared considerable rise in the water table in the nearby wells in the vicinity of the storage tank.

9.9 Construction & Maintenance.

As per present Government Rules, Schemes up to 100 ha are being executed by Zilla Parishad, Schemes from 100 to 250 ha are to be Local Sector Dept and Schemes above 250 ha irrigation potential are being executed by Water Resources Dept. As per present government Rules, some of the Schemes like K.T.weirs etc after completion are, are to be handed over to Water User Associations/Societies for maintenance and management However it is seen that for last 30 years or so no such Scheme has been taken over by Farmers Association for one reason of the other. Hence it is recommended that all the schemes after construction shall be looked after by respective Dept for maintenance and management who have constructed the Scheme.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

9.10 – PLANNING

Table – 25.1.15 – Status of Future Projection

Sr.No Category of Works Expenditure Potential Future Balance Incurred Created Investment Potential (Crores) (ha.) (Crores) (ha.)

1) WRD 0 0 130.00 8860 2) Small Scale Irrigation 0 0 381.85 15650.00 3) Soil Conservation Works 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 511.85 24510.00

9.10.1– Future Investment for Irrigation Devlopment

Sr.No Category of Expenditur Potenti Future Balance Cost of Priority Works e Incurred al Investme Potential Balance (Crores) Create nt (ha.) Potential d (ha.) (Crores) (ha.) 1) WRD 2) Local Sector 3) Soil Conservation 319.18 174368 175.52 151623 11576.08 Works Total

Action Plan

(2015-2020)

Ongoing Schems 101 to 250 Ha.

Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Expenditure Sr.No Works mm³ In cr.

1) Irrigation Tank 2 328 1.57 4.17 2) Storage Tank 2 225 0.11 3.75 3) K .T. Weir 1 138 0.65 0.28 Total 5 691 2.33 8.20

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Ongoing Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential Capacity Expenditure Works (ha) mm³ In cr. 1) Storage Tank 0 0 0.00 0 2) K .T. Weir 45 1270 5.99 2.42 3) Percolation 98 2573 10.99 8.80 Tank 4) Village Tank 4 46 2.39 0.12 5) C.N.B 81 377 1.49 9.83 Total 228 4266 20.86 21.17

Future Schems 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential Capacity Cost Works (ha) mm³ In cr. 1) Irrigation 6 1200 5.0 28.50 Tank 2) Storage Tank 11 1650 6.50 31.50 3) K .T. Weir 12 1500 5.00 28.35 Total 29 4350 16.50 88.35

Future Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of Potential Capacity Cost Works schemes (ha) mm³ In cr. 1) K .T. Weir 20 600 7.00 11.00 2) Percolation 24 500 4.80 12.50 Tank 3) Village Tank 0 0 0 0 4) CNB 240 1800 8.50 34.00 Total 284 2900 20.30 57.50

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Action Plan (2021-2025)

Future Schems 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of Potential (ha) Capacity Cost Works schemes mm³ In cr. 1) Irrigation 6 900 9.00 24.50 Tank 2) Storage Tank 6 800 7.00 19.00 3) K .T. Weir 12 1400 12.00 31.50 Total 24 3100 28.00 75.00

Future Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of Potential (ha) Capacity Cost Works schemes mm³ In cr.

1) K .T. Weir 30 600 6.00 15.00 2) Percolation 24 500 5.00 15.00 Tank 3) Village Tank 0 0 0 0 Total 54 1100 11.00 30.00

Action Plan (2026-2030)

Future Schems 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential Capacity Cost Works (ha) mm³ In cr.

1) Irrigation Tank 6 900 9.00 27.00 2) Storage Tank 6 800 7.00 21.50 3) K .T. Weir 12 1400 12.00 45.50 Total 24 3100 28.00 94.00

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K‐6) Chapter 09: Water Conservation

Future Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential Capacity Cost Works (ha) mm³ In cr.

1) K .T. Weir 30 600 6.00 19.50 2) Percolation 24 500 5.00 17.50 Tank 3) Village Tank 0 0 0 0 Total 54 1100 11.00 37.00

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

10 Floods

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-10 – Floods

CHAPTER-10 – Floods

10.1 Introduction : The geographical area of Maharashtra state is 308,000 Sq.Km. Major river basins in the state are the Krishna river, Godavari river, Tapi river and the West flowing rivers of Konkan strip. Maharashtra receives rainfall from both south-west and north-east monsoon. The state has very highly variable rainfall ranging from 6000 mm in upper catchments to 400 mm in shadow areas of lower catchments. Majority of rainfall mainly occurs in a four months period between June to September with the number of rainy days varying between 40 to 100. However K-6 Lower Bhima Sub basin is severally deficit Sub basin. Hence No severe floods are experienced in this sub basin.

Lower Bhima sub basin (k-6)

The Water Resources Department (WRD) of Government of Maharashtra (GoM) is entrusted with the surface water resources planning, development and management. A large number of major, medium and minor water resources development projects (reservoirs and weirs) have been constructed in Maharashtra. Though, the reservoirs in Maharashtra are not specifically provided with flood cushion, they have moderated flood peaks to considerable extent by proper reservoir operations.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-10 – Floods

10.1 Rainfall: Rainfall is the only source of water in the Bhima river basins. Including lower Bhima Sub basin The quality of inflow and flow forecasts depends on the density and timeliness of rainfall data. In the Krishna basin, the flood forecasting and reservoir operations are based on the guidelines given in “Dam Safety Manual Chapter 7 : Flood Forecasting, Reservoir Operation and Gate Operation, 1984, Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra.” This manual had been prepared mainly based on the circulars issued by the GoM, the literature published by the Central Water Commission, New Delhi and the Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi and provisions in IS: 7323-1974.

10.2 Flood management

There are three Rain gauge station operated by WRD in lower Bhima sub basin. The average annual rainfall in the sub basin is 701 mm. There are 7 medium projects and 109 minor projects in the sub basin. There is no Major Project in the Sub basin. The Entire area lies in Scarcity Zone and low rainfall zone. The rivers originating from this area are small and join Bhima within 50to 100 Km. lengths, and as this sub basin is drought prone, therefore these river do not have significant discharge capacities. Hence management of flood is not a problem for this sub basin. However standard operating procedure(SOP) will be implemented for 2 Medium projects viz Bori Dam in Tuljapur Taluka and Kurnoor Project in Akkalkot Taluka.

This sub basin includes one medium projects VIZ Bori medium project on Bori river. All other projects have storage capacities less than 28 mm³ (i.e. less than 1 TMC). Other medium projects such as Benitura, Jakapur, Turori, Khandla in Omarga taluka & Harni in Tuljapur Taluka and Kurnoor projects in Akkalkot taluka have less storage capacities, Which range from 8 to 20 mm³.

Moreover except kurnoor Project Tq. Akkalkot all other projects have flood mitigation measures in the form as Construction waste weir for these projects water weir is designed for Inglis Flood. In the last four decades no unwarranted flood situation has been uncounted in this sub basin due to construction of these projects.

For kurnoor projects Tq. Akkalkot flood control is through gated structure. However for this Project 36.10 Mm³ water is proposed to be stored by lifting from Ekhrukh L.I.S. also Bori Medium project which has ogee waste weir is on U/S of this project in Tuljapur Taluka. Considering all above facts no flood is expected for these project. However ROS for the project is prepared & sanctioned by competent authorities.

10.3 Precautionary measure As per water resources GOI letter Dt. 12-2-2014 Precautionary measures will be under taken during flood situation.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-10 – Floods

10.4 Details of flood prone village The measure river in this sub basin are bori and benitura rivers . harni tributary meets bori river while jakapur and torori tributaries meets benitura river all this tributaries and rivers have small cross sectional areas and small catchment areas. Moreover these sub basin is highly deficit sub basin as such no unwarranted flood situation has happened in past five decades. However list of villages situated on the banks of these rivers is detailed as below.

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

11 Drainage

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 11 - Drainage.

Chapter 11 - Drainage.

11.1 Introduction

Maharashtra has a long history of irrigation. During British era, in the year 1885, Irrigation from Nira Left and Right Bank Canal started. In the command of these canals, it was observed that some area of the irrigated land in the command became waterlogged and saline. The fertility of land goes on reducing. No crop could be grown on these lands. It is due to excessive use of irrigation water and topographical features. The Bombay Government had set up a Special Irrigation Division at Pune in 1916, to study the problems of water logged area and suggest remedial measures. DIRD ( Directorate of Irrigation Research & Development ) is established in the year 1916. Since then DIRD is collecting data of water logged and saline land from the command of various major projects and monitoring the affected area. DIRD is working with 7 Irrigation Research Divisions and 32 sub divisions in all over the state. DIRD, monitors damage area of major and medium irrigation projects.

11.2 Identification and norms of damaged area Damaged area can be classified in two categories. 1. Water logged area 2. Saline area.

11.2.1 Identification of water logged area. Water logged area is identified by observing ground water table levels in the command. Generally, water levels in the wells are observed twice a year i.e. pre monsoon (March, April & May) and post monsoon (Nov. Dec. and Jan.) period. The water logged area is classified in two categories as fully waterlogged and slightly water logged. The area where ground water is observed on the ground in period 1st Nov. to 31st Jan. is classified as fully water logged area. The area where water table is within 2 m from the ground surface is classified as slightly or partially water logged area.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 11 - Drainage.

11.2.2 Identification and norms of salt affected area

Saline soils contains excess amount of soluble salts like sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulphate etc. The saline soil patches are identified by visual inspection and by laboratory test.

A )Visual inspections

The saline soil patches are identified initially by visual inspection. The key points in the visual inspections are as follows. • These soils often have white patches. • A white line of salt deposition is seen along online field channel and field courses. • In some cases visible signs of salt injuries such as pick burn of leaves and chlorosis (Pale yellow colour of crops) of leaves are seen.

B )Laboratory test

After identifying the saline patches, PH value and Ec (electrical conductivity) tests are carried on soil to evaluate exact severity. a) Test to obtain PH value of soils. b) Test to determine electrical conductivity of soil (Ec) When Ec is upto 1 decisiemens / m, the agricultural land is non saline. When Ec is in the range of 1 to 3 decisiemens / m, the agricultural land is demarked as slightly or partially saline. Where the Ec values are more than 3 decisiemens / m, the agricultural land is termed as fully saline.

11.3 Drainage system –

In the Lower Bhima Basin (K-6 Basin), Irrigation Research Division, Pune is not monitoring the affected area. The water availability in the sub basin is highly deficit. Seven medium projects are in the basin. The damage area is not noticed yet.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 11 - Drainage.

11.4 Land Damage Index –

Land Damage Index for command area is defined as percentage ratio of damaged area and irrigable command area.

Land Damage Index = Damage area in Ha. X 100 Irrigable command area in Ha.

The damage area (in Ha) in the above definition includes both, Waterlogged area and area affected due to soil salinity. Every year DIRD collects data of damaged area and the land damage index is worked out and monitored.

Government Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

12 Drinking Water ( Municipal and Rural)

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

CHAPTER–12 – DRINKING WATER

12.1 Introduction All water supply schemes designed for 15 years projected population. As per the availability, Bore wells, Percolation Wells, Percolation Tanks, Dams are the main sources for water supply schemes. Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Zilla Parishad and local bodies under takes various type of schemes i.e. Regional/Individual Schemes, Full Deposit Schemes depends upon the requirement of local bodies. As the Govt. of India incorporated Bharat Nirman Programme for drinking water in rural areas. i.e. NRDWP (National Rural Drinking Water Programme.)

There are various type of heads like, UIDSSMT (Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small & Medium Town), MSNA (Maharashtra Sujal Nirmal Abhiyan), NAGROTTHAN etc. to execute the schemes in Urban areas, depends upon the cost of the scheme or requirement of local body. Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran executes the schemes, cost more than Rs. 7.50 crores and the schemes up to Rs. 7.50 crores executed by local Zilla Parishad as per the Govt. resolution. After the successful completion of the one year trial runs all the scheme (individual/regional) handed over to the local body for regular operation and maintenance.

In rural area rate of water supply is 40 to 70 LPCD depends upon the population. In Urban areas the design rate of water supply scheme is 100 LPCD. For the underground drainage system, design rate of water supply scheme is considered as 135 LPCD which is minimum requirement for running the drainage system. All water supply schemes are based on guideline issued by GOI/GOM. All projects have been developed based on sector reforms adopted of GOI/GOM.

Our approach in this respect should therefore be that the local bodies should essentially stick up to the supply norms after fulfillment of the conditions prescribed by CPHEEO Manual. Till the time this is achieved, they should be content with and accept a lower supply rate from the municipal system. In other words the local bodies even for larger towns and cities should manage their present demand with 100 LPCD supply. Concurrently they should take up sewerage schemes and after the schemes are completed (which is a time consuming process) proposals for augmentation of water supply for increasing supply rate from 100 LPCD to 135 LPCD a requisite for sewerage schemes can be initiated. It is possible that this would be resisted by the people at large and also by the local Politicians. However in the larger interest this has to be insisted.

As per the State Water Board guidelines, requirement of rural water is worked @100 LPCD including cattle demand and the Urban Water demand is considered @ 135 LPCD. Alternative source for the local bodies, such as, a) Roof rain water harvesting, b) Recharging /restoring of groundwater, c) Making best use of local wells which might have been abandoned,

12.2 Coverage of Scheme in the Sub Basin Sub Basin includes two districts Solapur & Osmanabad & 5 tahasils. • Municipal Corporation - 00 No • NagarParishad

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

A - 00 No B - 00 No C - 06 No • No of Schemes Urban - 06 No Rural - 445 No

12.3 Population, water demand and supply –

Estimation of Rural Population – The details of rural area such as the village names, population (Year 2014) and projected population (Year 2030). The population growth rate is depend upon last five decades population. The trend of population growth is reducing due to urbanization as well as due to up-gradation of few villages from Village Panchayat status to Municipal Council level, and therefore the future growth of village population in the villages under Sub Basin K-6 is considered as 16% per decade up-to year 2030.

For rural area (villages), the design rate of water supply is at 40 liters/capita/day. The water demand at 100 liters/day/person including live stock. (gross at source) for the year 2030 is considered which includes the system losses and other use and at this rate of supply, the gross annual water demand at the abstraction points would be 55.51 Mm3 of ground and surface water.

It is a common experience that villages face water scarcity during summer. It is therefore proposed that every village shall have a storage tank (similar to village tank) to store raw water and its capacity shall be to meet needs for 100 days. This will be in the form of a water bank and would enable villages to tide over the situation during scarcity period the combined grid system, every year.

The details of rural and urban Water Supply Schemes as received from MJP, ZP and other local bodies. The drinking water requirement for urban and rural area is given in following Table-12.1 –The rural water requirement including live stock is considered @ 100 liters/capita/day and the urban water requirement is considered @ 135 liters/capita/day.

Table 12.1 -Domestic use Category No. of Present Present Water Population Water Requirement Schemes Populati Use in (Mm3) @ 100 Liters/day/ on (Mm3) 2030 capita for rural & @ 135Liters/day/capita for Urban Surface Ground Surface Ground Total Water Water Water Water Urban 6 143730 6.61 0 271841 9.77 0 9.77 Councils Rural 445 545944 10.24 20.56 752801 18.40 37.11 55.51

Total 451 729674 16.85 20.56 1024642 28.17 37.11 65.28

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

Note: In future, the supply rate in rural areas is expected to be adopted as 100 LPCD (which would be inclusive of demand of cattle) and in that case the requirement of water would be 9.77 Mm3 from surface water and 37.11 Mm3 from groundwater. For scarcity purpose, Water requirement of 0.20 Mm3 @ 20 lpcd is assumed There are 6 Nos. Urban schemes covering their future population will be 271841 with total demand of water 9.77 Mm3. This requirement will be met with from surface source. Similarly, requirement of Rural population 752801 will also be met from surface & ground source. The total water requirement for domestic purpose as seen from above table is 37.41 Mm3 and future requirement by 2030 is 65.28 Mm3.

12.4 Management of water resources

The Rural as well as Urban Water Supply Schemes are based on lifting the water from some source like irrigation tanks or weirs and supplying water through piped distribution system. At present the water supply is not metered but water meter fixing work is in progress, so in future the supply will be made on meter basis.

To calculate the actual water losses for schemes the water audit is in progress and accordingly the remedies will be done. Following problems are faced by domestic water supply agencies – i) The water supply schemes are not self supporting. ii) The supply is not metered. iii) Losses are high due to illegal connections/ tapings, leakages in pipes and valves. Local organizations (Gram Panchayat /Municipalities /Corporations) are not willing to take WSS for O&M. iv) In some areas, there is no sewerage system so much water is used to drain sewage. Also polluted water directly mix in source causing high load on purifying the water. v) Refusing permissions to use tap water from municipal system for activities like construction of buildings, gardening etc.

Table 12.2- Status of water supply schemes Sr. Sub Name of No. of Rural W.S. No. of Urban Schemes No. Basin District Schemes

1 Solapur 222 3 K 6 Osmanabad 223 3 Total 445 6

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

Table 12.3- Income and o&m expenditure. Sr. Sub Dist Type of No. Rate/No. Income O&M No. Basin Connections In Rs. (Lacks) Expenditure (Av.) (Lacks)

Domestic 4934 1200 60.82 115.39 Solapur Commercial 87 5000

1 K 6 Domestic 7885 100 73.15 167.78 Osmanabad Commercial 59 600

12965 133.97 283.17

Following plans are suggested

• Total domestic water requirement for the village/town to be worked out based on standard norms. Deduct from it the existing water supply available from the local sources (e.g. Wells, Tanks, etc.) • Augmenting the existing water sources through watershed development works and deducts it from the total requirement. • Balance requirement, if any, may be satisfied from the resource available outside of the area. • Supply should be metered and charged on volumetric basis. • Training should be provided to operating staff. • Sewerage system in each area shall be done to avoid water pollutions. • Recycling of waste water. • Participation of Local bodies, (e.g. G.P., M.C.s,) for operation and maintenance of water supply scheme. • While permission for Construction of buildings, roof rain water harvesting should be made compulsory. • Making best use of local sources (wells, bores ,tanks etc)

12.5 Distribution and management (o&m)

In urban areas, the distribution of drinking water is through underground pipeline network. The Zonal Elevated Service Reservoirs supply water to the distribution network. Mostly, there is limited time (3 to 4 hours/day) water supply and timing varies from area to area in the city.

There are no sincere efforts from local bodies to minimize the losses but these are about 20% to 30% or may be more in some towns. There is prime need to identify the leakage spots and rectify the leakages regularly. Zone wise water meter should be provided to control uniform distribution of water.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

For rural area, previously the water supply is through stand post. There are no water meters and line losses are more but not definitely assessed. Now as per the NRDWP norms, 100% water connections are to be provided.

Assessment of the present situation of the O and M of water in cities / towns reveals: i) Meters are fixed at source. ii) Flow meters should be provided as per the zones. iii) As well as water meters should be provided in distribution system.

12.6 Management plan and infrastructure i) Survey of leak detection in the distribution system be taken up. In the mean time there should be focus on replacement of old, unserviceable distribution mains. ii) Installation of ultrasonic flow meters for raw as well as treated water system. Requirement of meters needs to be assessed and provided. In addition adequate staff for measurement and maintenance needs to be provided. iii) Installation of wireless flow monitoring system for better water supply management has to be adopted. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition i.e. "SCADA" system to be adopted. iv) Improve quality of services of old water supply system. v) Ensure connectivity to 100% area should be tanker free. vi) Ultimate aim should be to adopt 24 x 7 water supply, In Malkapur town of Satara Dist., such continuous supply is introduced which has shown appreciable improvement in the system and thereby achieved consumers’ satisfaction. vii) a) Supply of water through piped system from source. b) Financial management. c) Telescopic tariff. d) Water Quality Monitoring.

12.7 Special consideration for rural water supply schemes.

It is a common experience that Rural Schemes are not properly operated and maintained. This is observed both in case of individual as well as Regional water supply Schemes. Reasons are however different. In case of individual schemes, apart from source getting dried up, there are un-attended leakages and that electricity bills are not paid which is often the result of poor recovery of water charges.

In case of Regional water supply Schemes, another aspect needs serious consideration. Since electricity bill charges are not paid, the system stops functioning but this is mostly due to differences among villages covered and Apex committee. Sustainability of the schemes is thus in danger. With the result valuable assets remain unutilised and this is a serious case of wastage of assets. There are cases where, instead of finding a solution, New individual schemes are proposed and implemented.This is essentially a sensitive issue but nobody appears to pay any attention.

It is, therefore, suggested that in case of Regional water supply Schemes, the Statewide agency (MJP) shall be involved, which has a long standing experience and technically expertise. This Agency shall take responsibility of supplying water upto the point of bulk supply (Metered) on the village boundary. If required, an underground storage be constructed to store day's requirement. The local body shall be responsible for further pumping and distribution including additional disinfection if required. The statewide agency shall bear all

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

the expenses for bulk supply inclusive of electric bills, so that the system does not stop functioning for non payment of electricity bills. The agency shall fix water charges to recover both the operating charges as well as capital cost.

12.8 Recycle & reuse of water for irrigation In view of recycling of water it is proposed to construct a sewage treatment plant in urban areas by which the B.O.D. & C.O.D. can be brought to accepteble limits so that the treated water can be use for irrigation & other purpose.

At the Municipal council area, waste water can be collected from STP and any other measures available with local body. As per the water supply norms, nearly 80% waste water is proposed for Irrigation & other purpose after recycle and reuse.

In future, out of 80 % of waste water, nearly 40 to 70 % waste water is proposed for recycle and reuse Hence, additional water that can be made available after recycling for non irrigation & other purpose would be 272.70 Mm3 by the year 2030. The details of Expected cost of the water after the treatment are given in table 12.4 below, Table 12.4- Recycle & reuse Sr. Sub Dist. Use of Return Qty. of Investment Remark No. Basin Water for flow water for Cost. Urban/ expected recycle Rs. Crores Rural & (80%) & Reuse Industries (Mm3) (Mm3) (Mm3) Solapur Urban 6.45 5.16 3.61 14.45 Rural 10.67 8.54 6.83 5.46 1 K 6 Osmanabad Urban 9.10 7.28 0 0 Rural 22.23 17.78 0 0 Total 48.45 38.76 10.44 19.91

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

AHARASHTRA JEEVAN PRADHIKARAN,

CIRCLE PUNE

KRISHNA BASIN INTEGRATED STATE WATER PLAN

SUB-BASIN K-6.

ANNEXURE I to VI

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXEURE :‐ I – Present Use & Future Requirement of Water Sr.No. Sub Dist Taluka Purpose Present Future Khore Use Requirement (Mm3) (Mm3) (2030) (2014) Umarga(P) URBAN 0 0 Osmanabad Lohara(P) Domestic MJP 10.89 31.33 RURAL 1) Tulajapur(P) ZP 11.86 15.48 K 6 Akkalkot (P) URBAN 0 0 Solapur Solapur (P) Domestic MJP 0 0 RURAL ZP 14.66 18.47 TOTAL 37.41 65.28

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE –II RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WATER Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Use of Return Qty. of Investm Remark No Khore Water flow water ent Cost . for expecte for Rs. Urban/ d (80%) recycl Crores Rural & (Mm3) e & Industri Reuse es (Mm3) (Mm3) Nagar 9.1 7.28 0 0 Umarga(P) Osmana Parishads Lohara(P) bad – (Urban) 1) K 6 Tulajapur(P) Rural – 22.23 17.78 0 0 Akkalkot (P) Nagar 6.45 5.16 3.61 14.45 Solapur (P) Parishads Solapur – (Urban) Rural – 10.67 8.54 6.83 5.46 Total 48.45 38.76 10.44 19.91

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE ‐III Status of Water Supply Schemes Sr. No. Sub Khore Name of District No. of Rural W.S. Schemes No. of Urban W.S. Schemes

Osmanabad 223 3 K 6 1 Solapur 222 3 Total 445 6

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE‐IV Income and O.& M. Expenditure Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Type of No. Rate/No. Income O&M No. Basin of Connections (Rs.) (Lacs) Expenditure Krishna (Lacs) Khore

Umarga(P) Domestic 7885 100 Lohara(P) 73.15 167.78 Osmanabad Tulajapur(P) Commercial 59 600

K 6 1) Domestic 4934 1200 Akkalkot (P) 60.82 115.39 Solapur Solapur (P) Commercial 87 5000

Total 12965 133.97 283.17

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE‐V Water Losses from Municipal Corporation Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Municipal % of Treatment Distribution Total No. Basin of Corporation/ Losses Plant Krishna Nagarparishad Rising Khore Main

Umarga(P) Lohara(P) 3 2% 3% 15% 20% Osmanabad Tulajapur(P)

1) K 6

Akkalkot (P) 3 4% 3% 6% 13% Solapur Solapur (P))

Total

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter 12 - Drinking water.

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran,Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE‐VI A) Urban Scheme Sr. Sun Part of Dist. Falling in sub Population Cost/ Total Cost (Crores) Remarks No. Basin of basin K‐6) Capit Krishna a Khore (Rs.) ‐ 2014 Dist Taluka 2001 2014 2031 (Av.) 2001 2014 2031 Umarga(P) 0 74500 184663 N.A 0 0 0 Osmanabad Lohara(P) K 6 Tulajapur(P) 1) Akkalkot (P) 66059 69230 87198 3600 23.78 24.92 31.39 Solapur Solapur (P) Total 66059 143730 271841 23.78 24.92 31.39

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran,Circle Pune Krishna Basin Integrated State Water Plan Chapter No‐ 12: ‐ Drinking Water ANNEXURE‐VI B) Rural Scheme Sr. Sun Part of Dist. Falling in sub Population Cost/ Total Cost (Crores) Remarks No. Basin of basin K‐6) Capit Krishna a Khore (Rs.) ‐ 2014 Dist Taluka 2001 2014 2031 (Av.) 2001 2014 2031 Umarga(P) 324901 424007 N.A 0 0 0 Osmanabad Lohara(P) K 6 Tulajapur(P) 1) Akkalkot (P) 249087 261043 328794 1800 44.84 46.99 59.18 Solapur Solapur (P) Total 249087 585944 752801 44.84 46.99 59.18

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

13 Industries

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-13 INDUSTRIAL USE

Chapter-13 Industrial Use

13.1 Introduction

Industries dept is instrumental for development of industries in the state. To speed up the industrial development, Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) was constituted on August 1,1962 under the provisions of Maharashtra Industrial Development (MID) Act, 1961. Industrial areas managed by MIDC are located in different parts of the States with major industrial centers at Mumbai, Pune, Aurangabad, Nasik, Nagpur and Kolhapur. These industrial areas have been classified as five star industrial area, major industrial area, minor industrial area and growth centers based on certain criteria. The broad objectives of MIDC are as follows:

• To achieve balanced industrial development of Maharashtra with an emphasis on developing parts and underdeveloped parts of the State • Infrastructural development of each and every district of Maharashtra and • Facilitate entrepreneurs in setting up industries at various locations The MIDC has been declared as an agent of the State Government for carrying out the activities within the framework of the MID Act and the MID Rules. These activities can be divided under following 3 broad categories. • Acquisition and disposal of land • Provision of infrastructure facilities • Providing of services. In the context of provision of various services, the Corporation provides water supply services to the units in its industrial areas. The investment on the water supply scheme (Head works) made by MIDC is more than Rs. 1000 Crore with installed capacity of water supply of 1941 Million Litre per Day (MLD).

13.2 Regulation of Water Supply in MIDC Areas

For the purpose of regulating the water supply operations of the Corporation the GoM has prescribed a legal and financial mechanism between them. The salient features of the mechanism are as given below:

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-13 INDUSTRIAL USE

• A water supply scheme providing water to more than one industrial area in grid system is termed as centralized water supply scheme, the asset ownership of which remains with the MIDC. On the other hand a water supply scheme catering the need of only one industrial area is termed as localized water supply scheme with asset ownership remaining with Government. • The water supply made either from centralized or localized water supply scheme is treated as supply made on behalf of Government and the revenue thus collected is shown as revenue accruing to the Government. • The operating expenditure of centralized water supply scheme is debited to the Corporations account while the operating expenditure of localized water supply scheme is debited to the account of Government through its function agency. • The Corporation is allocated the portion of the water revenue so as to meet its net operating and other expenses. • The surplus/deficit accrued after deducting operating expenses for water supply from the water revenues is borne by the Government.

13.3 Major Water Consuming Industrial sectors  Boiler and Cooling  Paper Pulp and Processing  Beverages and Food processing  Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals  Textiles, Jute fiber, Wool Silk etc  Repair and Services  Washing, Cleaning, Solvent

13.4 Industrial Use for Lower Bhima Sub basin. a) The abstract of the same is as given below – Sugar Industries : 4 Nos. Agro based industries : 2 Nos.

In addition to above industries, in future there will be sugar industries such as oil industry, cotton and ginning industries owned by private entrepreneurs. The water requirement of such industries will however consider in the total requirement for industries.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-13 INDUSTRIAL USE

The water requirement of the above industries is varying from 1 kl/unit to 1000 kl/unit depending upon the type of industries. b) The details of industrial water reservations by WRD are given in table 13.1)

The provision for industrial water use is - Mm3 through various Major, Medium and Minor Irrigation Projects but the actual use in year 2014 is - Mm3. This has resulted in reduction of 308 ha. of irrigation. The present and future water requirement for industries is given below in Table-13.1)

Table-13.1 Status of Water for Industries Agro based industries Sugar industries Sr. Category of No. Present Water Use Industrial Water No Industries of (Mm3) Developme req. for . nt Units Surface Groun Total in 2030 Industrie Water d s in 2030 Water 1 Sugar industries 4 2 - 2 - 2 2 Agro based 2 2 - 2 - 2 Industries Total 6 4 - 4 - 4

Water Requirement for Industries as submitted to KWDT for present use is 4 M and for future use 4 M From the details of industries the abstract of turnover and no. of workers are given as below – Table-13.2 – Details of Industries Sr. Type of Industries Annual No. of No. Turnover Workers (in Lacs) 1) Sugar industries 2) Agro based industries

Total

Another aspect of dealing with demands of water for industrial use is , to estimate the demand of the water for the industrial estate or individual industry on the basis of nature of the industry and requirements of that type of industry. The present practice adopted by MIDC to estimate the demand on the basis of area of the industry needs serious review.

When the question of reservation of surface water crops up, blanket permissions should not be granted. This is in context of experience that actual consumption of water is far less than

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-13 INDUSTRIAL USE

quota reserved. Since the entire quota is reserved irrigation department also cannot make any use of it. Initially a beginning be made with minimum quantity to be reserved, which can be reviewed when more number of industries start functioning.

13.5 RECYCLING & REUSE OF WATER

Water conservation is needed, not only to restore the fast deteriorating eco-system but also to meet the inevitable emergency of shortage even for drinking and domestic water in the near future. Water conservation basically aims at matching demand and supply. The strategies for water conservation may be either demand oriented or supply oriented. Water resources are theoretically “renewable” through hydrological cycle. However, what is renewable is only the quantity, but pollution, contamination, climate change, temporal and seasonal variations have affected the water quality and reduced the amount of ‘usable water’. The water conservation practices especially in urban areas by industries , municipal uses and domestic uses can reduce the demand as much as by one third, in addition to minimizing pollution of surface and groundwater resources.

In Maharashtra there are many industries which require huge quantities of water & can be termed Water Intensive Industries. Specifically in textile processing sector , chemical sector, Many industries are most water polluting industries and release large quantities of Waste Water creating pollution problem. Since environmental pollution control norms are getting stricter day by day, it is Sensible to treat waste water not just to meet environmental norms for discharge, but to treat and make it for reuse as a process water in industries.

This will reduce load on freshwater requirement, but will reduce pollution. Now based on new technology, there should be long term plan to formulate strategy for water recycle and reuse.

Industries are using new technique of wastewater treatment method like, ion exchange, coagulation / cavigulation/ solvent extraction, membrane separation and cavitations etc.

Some of the important action plans towards the industrial sectors are the following: • Modernizing of industrial process to reduce water requirement. • Setting-up of norms for water budgeting. • Recycling water – especially re-circulating cooling system. • Proper processing of effluents by industrial units to adhere to the norms for disposal.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-13 INDUSTRIAL USE

• Rational pricing of industrial water requirement to ensure consciousness / action for adopting water saving technologies.

Water Conservation Possibilities It is imperative that users from all sectors of water use, stakeholders including state and central governments, agencies, institutions, organizations, NGOs, municipalities, village panchayats, public -sector undertakings and other agencies providing services to the users, may need to be involved for making integrated and continuous efforts for creating mass awareness towards importance of saving and conservation of water, and duties and responsibilities of individuals as well as organizations and institutions towards judicious and optimal use of water. Some of the possible ways for water conservation in industries and domestic and municipal uses are briefly described below (CWC Report, 2005). Use of recycled water.

In case of big establishments like hotels , large offices and industrial complexes, community centers etc. dual piped water supply may be insisted upon. Under such arrangement, one supply may carry fresh water for drinking, bathing and other human consumptions whereas recycled water from second line may be utilized for flushing of human solid wastes. Similarly, water harvesting through storing of water runoff including rainwater harvesting in all new buildings on plots of 100 sq.m and above may be made mandatory.

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

14 Legal Issues

Integrated Basin Plan for Krishna Basin

Legal Issues

Index

Sr. Particulars Pages

1 Legal Issues 1 – 8

2 Annexure – I 9 – 18

3 Annexure – II 19 – 28

4 Annexure – III 29-30

5 Annexure – IV 31-79

1 Integrated Basin Plan for Krishna Basin

Legal Issues

Preamble:

1. Krishna is the second largest river in the peninsular India. The river Krishna rises in the western ghats at an altitude of 1337 meters just north of Mahabaleshwar about 64 Km. from the Arabian Sea and flows from west to east through the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh before falling in the bay of Bengal near Vijaywada. The major tributaries of Krishna are Koyna, Warna, Panchganga, Dudhganga, Ghatprabha, Malprabha, Bhima, Tungbhadra, Musi, Palleru and Maneru. The Government of India had appointed Krishna Godavari Commission in 1961 to review the position of availability of supplies in Krishna and Godavari rivers. Krishna Godavari Commission divided the Krishna basin into 12 sub-basins and designated them from K1 to K12, which designations have since been followed by Tribunals adjudicating water disputes.

First Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-I):

2. Maharashtra and Mysore, two of the three basin States had filed complaints with the Central Government under the the Inter State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 (ISRWD Act) and demanded constitution of a Tribunal to adjudicate the water disputes. After the efforts to resolve the disputes through negotiations and discussions failed, the Central Government on 10 th April 1969,constituted the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal under the Chairmanship of Justice R. S. Bachawat. The Bachawat Tribunal forwarded its Report under section 5(2) of the ISRWD Act to Government of India on 24th December 1973 and the further Report under section 5(3) of ISRWD Act, on 27th May 1976. Upon publication of the decision of the Tribunal by the Government of India in the Official Gazette 1 on 31st May 1976, the decision became binding on three States Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The final order of Bachawat Tribunal is attached as Annexure-I.

3. KWDT-I distributed 75% dependable basin flow of 2060 TMC and likely return flow of 70 TMC, aggregating 2130 TMC among the States. The share of Maharashtra was 585 TMC. The Bachawat Tribunal distributed this 2130 TMC water in three States as below:

Sr. State Allocation Allocation Total from from Return Allocation Dependable flow Flow 1 Maharashtra 560 25 585 2 Karnataka 700 34 734 3 Andhra Pradesh 800 11 711 Total 2060 70 2130

4. Andhra Pradesh has plans of diverting 80 TMC of Godavari water into Krishna Basin from Polavaram Project across river Godavari. By virtue of Inter - State agreements between Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka (agreements collectively attached as Annexure-II ), upon clearance by the Central Water Commission to Polavaram Project in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra has become entitled to use additional 14 TMC water in Krishna basin at 75% dependability.

5. Maharashtra, by another inter State agreement between Karnataka, Andhra, and Tamilnadu (agreement attached as Annexure-III ) – has agreed to make available 5 TMC from its allocation at 75% dependability for water supply to Chennai City.

2 Thus, the allocation of Maharashtra in 75% dependable flows of river Krishna now stands at 594 TMC (585 + 14 – 5).

Restrictions imposed on Maharashtra by KWDT-I:

6. The following restrictions were imposed by KWDT-I on use by Maharashtra of Krishna waters:

(a) Not to use more than 7 TMC in Ghataprabha (K-3) sub basin. (Clause IX)

(b) Not to use more than 95 TMC from the main stream of river Bhima. (Clause IX)

(d) Not to divert more than 54 TMC in any year, and more than 213 TMC in any consecutive five years from upper Bhima (K- 5) sub basin. (Clause X)

(e) Not to divert any water outside the basin except specifically permitted above. (Clause X)

Provisions of Review:

7. The KWDT-I in Clause XIV (A) of its final order provided for review of its decision by a competent Tribunal, at any time after 31 st May 2000.

3 Second Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-II)

8. All the Krishna basin States filed their respective complaints under ISRWD Act to the Government of India in 2002-2003 and requested for constitution of Tribunal for adjudication of water disputes, including review of the decision of the previous Tribunal.

9. The Central Government constituted the second Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal (KWDT-II) on 02/04/2004 under the Chairmanship of Justice Brijesh Kumar. The KWDT-II forwarded its Report under section 5(2) of the Inter State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 (ISRWD Act) to Government of India on 30 th December 2010 and the further Report under section 5(3) of ISRWD Act, on 29 th November 2013. The final order of KWDT-II is attached as Annexure-IV.

10. The final decision of KWDT-II has not been notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette as the Reports are under challenge before the Supreme Court by the States of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. As such the decision of KWDT-II is not yet implementable.

Salient features of the Decision of KWDT-II:

11. The following are salient features of the decision of KWDT-II.

(a) Allocations made by KWDT-I have been maintained;

(b) Water has been freshly assessed at dependabilities of 65% & average, and available flows in excess of allocations already made have been allocated;

4 (c) Allocations in respect of basin states in TMC are as follows:

Dependability 75% 65% Dependable Flow Average (KWDT State-I) Addit- Mini- Total Addit- Total ional mum ional Flow 1. Maharashtra 585 43 3 631 35 666 2. Karnataka 734 61 7 806 105 907 3. Andhra Pradesh 811 43 6 856 145 1005 Total 2130 147 16 2293 285 2578

(d) Regulating body named “Krishna Water Decision- Implementation Board” would be constituted to regulate and oversee the use of water by the States.

(e) Ten daily rule curves in respect of all water resources projects to be got approved from KWD-IB, and use to be made in accordance with such approved rule curves;

(f) Written, prior no objection certificate form KWD-IB has been made mandatory before taking up any new project.

(g) Volumetric measurement of storage and use of water has been made mandatory for all projects, including minor irrigation projects.

Restrictions imposed on Maharashtra:

12. KWDT-II has maintained the restrictions imposed by KWDT-I in years where availability is equal to or less than 75% dependable flow (Basin availability 2130 TMC). The following relaxations have been made

5 in years of excess availability, and restrictions on use of additional allocation have been imposed.

(a) Not to use more than 98 TMC in a 65% dependable year, and 123 TMC is an average year from the main stream of river Bhima. (Clause X- 1.(a))

(b) Not to divert more than 92.5TMC in a 65% dependable year from upper Krishna (K-1) sub basin for power generation. (Clause X- 1.(b))

(d) New projects for using allocation made by KWDT-II (43 TMC at 65% dependability and 35 TMC at average or 57.9% dependability) shall not - (i) use water in non scarcity / DPAP area, and (ii) divert water from one sub basin to another. (Clause X- 1.(e)(i)&(ii))

Use of Water Post Implementation of KWDT-II Decision:

13. Two of the most significant provisions made by KWDT-I in respect of storage of water and measurement of use of water have been changed by KWDT-II by the special provisions made in Clause IX of its Final Order specifying the manner of drawal of allocations by the States. The original provisions in the decision of KWDT-I were the following.

1. KWDT-I provided in Clause XIII of its Final Order that the use of minor irrigation projects would be derived from the areas of crops irrigated by applying agreed district-wise duties.

6 Thus volumetric accounting of the water stored in minor irrigation projects (tanks, weirs etc.) was not necessary.

2. KWDT-I provided in Clause VII of Final Order that mere storage of water would not be counted as use of water. It provided that the diversion of water from the river would be reckoned as use.

3. KWDT-I further provided in Clause VII of Final Order that the use of water for domestic / municipal supply and industrial supply would be accounted for at 20% and 2.5% respectively, of the quantum of water actually diverted for the said purposes.

14. The effect of these provisions taken together was that the water stored in minor irrigation projects of Maharashtra could be used without any volumetric accounting. Secondly, Maharashtra could legitimately plan projects to impound water far in excess of its planned consumptive use by citing need of water for domestic and industrial supplies.

Manner of Use Specified by KWDT-II:

15. KWDT-II has laid down in great detail the manner in which the allocations are to be used by the respective States in future. A supervisory monitoring body to be known as “Krishna Water Decision – Implementation Board” is to be constituted to oversee the use of water in the basin and ensure that no State uses water in excess of its allocation. An upper State would be entitled to use its allocation at lesser dependability (say 65%) only after the lower States have received adequate flows to realise their allocation at the next higher dependability (75%). In order that

7 the board is able to take timely decision regarding the use to be permitted, the data about storage and use of water on all projects (major, medium and minor) is required to be furnished on daily basis to the board by all the States.

16. While laying down the manner of use KWDT-II has made the following changes in provisions made by KWDT-I.

1. Volumetric accounting of water has been made mandatory for even minor projects.

2. For the purpose of regulating use of water in terms of its decision, KWDT-II has provided that water stored shall be counted as use.

17. Because of these changes Maharashtra at any point of time in a water year will not be able to store water in excess of its allocation in that water year less the use already made in that water year.

*****

216 CHAPTER VII The Final Order set forth in Chapter XVI of the Original Report Vol. II pages 776-800 modified in accordance with the explanations given by the Tribunal under section 5(3) of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 is given below :—

Final Order of the Tribunal The Tribunal hereby passes the following Order :— Clause I This Order shall come into operation on the date of the publication of the decision of this Tribunal in the Official Gazette under section 6 of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956. Clause II The Tribunal hereby declares that the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh will be free to make use of underground water within their respective State territories in the Krishna river basin. This declaration shall not be taken to alter in any way the rights, if any, under the law for the time being in force of private individuals, bodies or authorities. Use of underground water by any State shall not be reckoned as use of the water of the river Krishna. 217 Clause III The Tribunal hereby determines that, for the purpose of this case, the 75 per cent dependable flow of the river Krishna up to Vijayawada is 2060 T.M.C. The Tribunal considers that the entire 2060 T.M.C. is available for distribution between the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The Tribunal further considers that additional quantities of water as mentioned in sub-Clauses A(ii), A(iii), A(iv), B(ii), B(iii), B(iv), C(ii), C(iii) and C(iv) of Clause V will be added to the 75 per cent dependable flow of the river Krishna up to Vijayawada on account of return flows and will be available for distribution between the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Clause IV The Tribunal hereby orders that the waters of the river Krishna be allocated to the three States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh for their beneficial use to the extent provided in Clause V and subject to such conditions and restrictions as are mentioned hereinafter. Clause V (A) The State of Maharashtra shall not use in any water year more than the quantity of water of the river Krishna specified hereunder :—

92 (1) as from the water year commencing on the 1st June next after the date 218 of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette up to the water year 1982-83. 560 T.M.C. (ii) as from the water year 1983-84 up to the water year 1989-90 560 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977.78 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iii) as from the water year 1990-91 up to the water year 1997-98 560 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1982-83, 1983-84 and 1984-85 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or 219 more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iv) as from the water year 1998-99 onwards 560 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisation for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1992-93 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (B) The State of Karnataka shall not use in any water year more than the quantity of water of the river Krishna specified hereunder :— (i) as from the water year commencing on the 1st June next after the date of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette up to the water year 1982-83. 700 T.M.C.

(ii) as from the water year 1983-84 up to the water year 1989-90 700 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the 220 annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1975-76. 1976-77 and 1977-78 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iii) as from the water year 1990-91 up to the water year 1997-98 700 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1982-83, 1983-84 and 1984-85 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iv) as from the water year 1998-99 onwards 700 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisation for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water

93 years 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1992-93 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects.

221 (C) The State of Andhra Pradesh will be at liberty to use in any water year the remaining water that may be flowing in the river Krishna but thereby it shall not acquire any right whatsoever to use in any water year nor be deemed to have been allocated in any water year water of the river Krishna in excess of the quantity specified hereunder :— (i) as from the water year commencing on the 1st June next after the date of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette up to the water year 1982-83. 800 T.M.C. (ii) as from the water year 1983-84 up to the water year 1989-90 800 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977-78 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iii) as from the water year 1990-91 up to the water year 1997-98 222 800 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1982.83, 1983-84 and 1984-85 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (iv) as from the water year 1998-99 onwards 800 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 10 per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisation for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1992-93 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (D) For the limited purpose of this Clause, it is declared that— (i) the utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin in the water year 1968-69 from projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually were as follows :— 223 From projects of the State of Maharashtra .. 61.45 T.M.C. From projects of the State of Karnataka .. 176.05 T.M.C. From projects of the State of Andhra Pradesh .. 170.00 T.M.C. (ii) annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin in each water year after this Order comes into operation from the projects of any State using 3 T.M.C. or more annually shall be computed on the basis of the records prepared and maintained by that State under Clause XIII. (iii) evaporation losses from reservoirs of projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually shall be excluded in computing the 10 per cent figure of the average annual utilisations mentioned in sub-Clauses A(ii), A(iii), A(iv), B(ii), B(iii), B(iv), C(ii), C(iii), and C(iv) of this Clause.

94 Clause VI Beneficial use shall include any use made by any State of the waters of the river Krishna for domestic, municipal, irrigation, industrial, production of power, navigation, pisciculture, wild life protection and recreation purposes. Clause VII (A) Except as provided hereunder a use shall be measured by the extent of 224 depletion of the waters of the river Krishna in any manner whatsoever including losses of water by evaporation and other natural causes from man made reservoirs and other works without deducting in the case of use for irrigation the quantity of water that may return after such use to the river. The water stored in any reservoir across any stream of the Krishna river system shall not of itself be reckoned as depletion of the water of the stream except to the extent of the losses of water from evaporation and other natural causes from such reservoir. The water diverted from such reservoir by any State for its own use in any water year shall be reckoned as use by that State in that water year. The uses mentioned in column No. 1 below shall be measured in the manner indicated in column No. 2.

Use Measurement Domestic and municipal By 20 per cent of the quantity of water diverted or water supply. lifted from the river or any of its tributaries or from any reservoir, storage or canal. Industrial use By 2.5 per cent of the quantity of water diverted or lifted from the river or any of its tributaries or from any reservoir, storage or canal. (B) Diversion of the waters of the river Krishna by one State for the benefit 225 of another State shall be treated as diversion by the State for whose benefit the diversion is made. Clause VIII

(A) If in any water year any State is not able to use any portion of the water allocated to it during that year on account of the non-development of its projects or damage to any of its projects or does not use it for any reason whatsoever, that State will not be entitled to claim the unutilised water in any subsequent water year. (B) Failure of any State to make use of any portion of the water allocated to it during any water year shall not constitute forfeiture or abandonment of its share of water in any subsequent water year nor shall it increase the share of any other State in any subsequent water year even if such State may have used such water. Clause IX As from the 1st June next after the date of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette (A). Out of the water allowed to it, the state of Maharashtra shall not use in any water year —

(i) more than 7 T.M.C. from the Ghataprabha (K-3) sub-basin. 226 (ii) more than the quantity of water specified hereunder from the main stream of the river Bhima.

95 (a) as from the water year commencing on the 1st June next after the date of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette upto the water year 1989-90. 9 0 T . M . C . (b) as from the water year 1990-91. 95 T.M.C.

(B). Out of the water allocated to it the State of Karnataka shall not use in any water year— (i) more than the quantity of water specified hereunder from the Tungabhadra (K-8) sub-basin (a) as from the water year commencing on the 1st June next after the date of the publication of the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette up to the water year 1982-83. 295 T.M.C. (b) as from the water year 1983-84 up to the water year 1989-90 227 295 T.M.C. plus a quantity of water equivalent to 7 ½ per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1975-76, 1976-77 and 1977-78 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations from such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (c) as from the water year 1990-91 up to the water year 1997-98 295 T.M.C . a quantity of water equivalent to 7 ½ per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1982-83, 1983-84 and 1984-85 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects. (d) as from the water year 1998-99 onwards 295 T.M.C. plus 228 a quantity of water equivalent to 7 ½ per cent of the excess of the average of the annual utilisation for irrigation in the Krishna river basin during the water years 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1992-93 from its own projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually over the utilisations for such irrigation in the water year 1968-69 from such projects.

For the limited purpose of this sub-Clause, it is declared that— The utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin in the water year 1968-69 from projects of the State of Karnataka using 3 T.M.C. or more annually shall be taken to be 176.05 T.M.C. Annual utilisations for irrigation in the Krishna river basin in each water year after this Order comes into operation from the projects of the State of Karnataka 229 using 3 T.M.C. or more annually shall be computed on the basis of the records prepared and maintained by that State under Clause XIII. Evaporation losses from reservoirs of projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually shall be excluded in computing the 7 ½ per cent figure of the average annual utilisations mentioned above.

96 (ii) more than 42 T.M.C. from the Vedavathi (K-9) sub-basin and (iii) more than 15 T.M.C. from the main stream of the river Bhima. (C) Out of the water allocated to it, the State of Andhra Pradesh shall not use in any water year— (i) more than 127 T.M.C. from the Tungabhadra (K-8) sub-basin and more than 12.5 T.M.C. from the Vedavathi (K-9) sub-basin. (ii) more than 6 T.M.C. from the catchment of the river Kagna in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

(D) (i) The uses mentioned in sub-Clauses (A), (B) and (C) aforesaid include evaporation losses. ( i i ) The use mentioned in sub-Clause (C) (i) does not include use of the water flowing from the Tungabhadra into the river Krishna. (E) (1) The following directions shall be observed for use of the water available for utilisation in the Tungabhadra Dam in a water year— 230 (a) The water available for utilisation in a water year in the Tungabhadra Dam shall be so utilised that the demands of water for the following Projects to the extent mentioned below may be met :— (i) Tungabhadra Right Bank Low Level Canal .. 52.00 T.M.C . Water available for Tungabhadra Right Bank Low Level Canal shall be shared by the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the following proportion : State of Karnataka 22.50 State of Andhra Pradesh 29.50

(ii) Tungabhadra Right Bank High Level Canal—Stages I and II .. 50.00 T.M.C.

Water available for Tungabhadra Right Bank High Level Canal shall be shared by the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the following proportion : State of Karnataka 17.50 State of Andhra Pradesh 32.50 (iii) Tungabhadra Left Bank Low Level and High Level Canals .. 102.00T.M.C. (iv) Raya and Basavanna Channels of the State of Karnataka .. 7.00T.M.C. (v) Assistance by way of regulated discharges to Vijaya- nagar Channels other than Raya and Basavanna Channels of the State of Karnataka .. 2.00 T.M.C. (vi) Assistance by way of regulated discharges to the Rajolibunda Diversion Scheme for use by the States of Karnataka 231

K.W. 13 and Andhra Pradesh in the proportion mentioned in Clause XI (C) .. 7.00T.M.C. (vii) Assistance by way of regulated discharges to the Kurnool-Cuddapah Canal of the State of Andhra Pradesh.. 10.00T.M.C.

230.00T.M.C.

The utilisations of the Projects mentioned in sub-Clauses (a)(i). (ii) and (iii) above include the evaporation losses in the Tungabhadra Dam Which will be shared in accordance with Clause XI(D). (b) If, in any water year, water available for utilisation in the Tungabhadra Dam is less than the total quantity of water required for all the Projects as mentioned above, the deficiency shall be shared by all the Projects proportionately. The proportions shall be worked out after excluding the evaporation losses. (c) If, in any water year, water available for utilisation is more than the total quantity of water required for all the Projects as mentioned above, the requirements for all the Projects for the month of June in the succeeding water year as estimated by the Tungabhadra Board or any authority established in its 232 place shall be kept in reserve and the State of Karnataka shall have the right to utilise the remaining water in excess of such reserve in the Tungabhadra Dam for its Projects mentioned in sub-Clauses (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) above drawing water from that dam even though thereby it may cross in any water year the limit on the utilisation of water from Tungabhadra (K-8) sub-basin placed under Clause IX(B) of the Final Order but in no case such utilisation shall exceed 320 T.M.C. (d) The balance water, if any, shall be kept stored in the dam for use in the next year.

(2) The working tables for the utilisation of the water in the Tungabhadra Dam shall be prepared as hithertofore by the Tungabhadra Board or any other authority established in its place so as to enable the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh to utilise the water available for utilisation in the Tungabhadra Dam as aforesaid. (3) If in any water year, either of the two States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh finds it expediet to divert the water available to it in the Tungabhadra Dam for any one of its Projects to any other of its Project or Projects mentioned above for use therein, it may give notice thereof to the Tungabhadra Board or any other authority established in its place and the said Board or authority may, if 233 it is feasible to do so, prepare or modify the working table accordingly. (4) The States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh may use the water available in the Tungabhadra Dam in accordance with the aforesaid provisions and nothing contained in Clause V shall be construed as overriding the provisions of Clause IX(E) in the matter of utilisation of the water available in the Tungabhadra Dam nor shall anything contained in Clause IX(E) be construed as enlarging the total allocation to the State of Karnataka or as enlarging the limit of acquisition of any right by the State of Andhra Pradesh in the waters of the river Krishna.

98 (5) The States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh may by agreement, without reference to the State of Maharashtra, alter or modify any of the provisions for the utilisation of the water available in the Tungabhadra Dam mentioned above in any manner. Clause X (1) The State of Maharashtra shall not out of the water allocated to it divert or permit the diversion of more than 67.5 T.M.C. of water outside the Krishna river basin in any water year from the river supplies in the Upper Krishna (K-l) sub-basin for the Koyna Hydel Project or any other project. Provided that the State of Maharashtra will be at liberty to divert outside the 234 Krishna river basin for the Koyna Hydel Project water to the extent of 97 T. M. C. annually during the period of 10 years commencing on the 1st June, 1974 and water to the extent of 87 T.M.C. annually during the next period of 5 years commencing on the 1st June, 1984 and water to the extent of 78 T.M.C. annually during the next succeeding period of 5 years commencing on the 1st June, 1989. (2) The State of Maharashtra shall not out of the water allocated to it divert or permit diversion outside the Krishna river basin from the river supplies in the Upper Bhima (K-5) sub-basin for the Projects collectively known as the Tata Hydel Works or any other project of more than 54.5 T.M.C. annually in any one water year and more than 213 T.M.C. in any period of five consecutive water years commencing on the 1st June, 1974. (3) Except to the extent mentioned above, the State of Maharashtra shall not divert or permit diversion of any water out of the Krishna river basin. Clause XI (A) This Order will supersede— (i) the agreement of 1892 between Madras and Mysore so far as it related to the Krishna system ; (ii) the agreement of 1933 between Madras and Mysore so far as it related 235 to the Krishna river system ; (iii) the agreement of June, 1944 between Madras and Hyderabad ; (iv) the agreement of July, 1944 between Madras and Mysore so far as it related to the Krishna river system ; (v) the supplemental agreement of December, 1945 among Madras, Mysore and Hyderabad ; (vi) the supplemental agreement of 1946 among Madras, Mysore and Hyderabad. Copies of the aforesaid agreements are appended to the Report of the Tribunal. (B) The regulations set forth in Annexure ' A' (1) to this Order regarding protection to the irrigation works in the respective territories of the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in the Vedavathi sub-basin be observed and carried out. * (1) Annexure ' A' mentioned above is the same as Annexure ' A' to the Final Order appearing at pages 792 to 794 of Vol. II of the Report.

99 236 (C) The benefits of utilisations under the Rajolibunda Diversion Scheme be shared between the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh as mentioned herein below :— Karnataka 1.2 T.M.C. Andhra Pradesh—15.9 T.M.C.

(D) The reservoir loss of Tungabhadra reservoir shall be shared equally by the works of the State of Karnataka on the left side and the works on the right side of the reservoir. The half share of the right side in the reservoir loss shall be shared by the States of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in the ratio of 5.5 to 3.5.

Clause XII The regulations set forth in Annexure ' B' (1) to this Order regarding gauging and gauging sites in the Krishna river system be observed and carried out.

Clause XIII (A) Each State shall prepare and maintain annually for each water year complete detailed and accurate records of— (a) annual water diversions outside the Krishna river basin. (b) annual uses for irrigation works using less than 1 T.M.C. annually. (c) annual uses for irrigation from all other projects and works. 237 (d) annual uses for domestic and municipal water supply. (e) annual uses for industrial purposes. (f) annual uses for irrigation within the Krishna river basin from projects using 3 T.M.C. or more annually. (g) areas irrigated and duties adopted for irrigation from irrigation works using less than 1 T.M.C. annually. (h) estimated annual evaporation losses from reservoirs and storages using 1 T.M.C. or more annually. (i) formulae used and co-efficient adopted for measuring discharges at project sites. Each State shall send annually to the other States a summary abstract of the said records. The said records shall be open to inspection of the other States through their accredited representatives at all reasonable times and at a reasonable place or places. (B) The records of gauging mentioned in Annexure ' B' to this Order shall be open to inspection of all the States through their accredited representatives at all reasonable times and at a reasonable place or places.

(1) Annexure ' B' mentioned above is the same as Annexure ' B' to the Final Order appearing at pages 795 to 800 of Vol. II of the Report.

100 Clause XIV 238 (A) At any time after the 31st May, 2000, this Order may be reviewed or revised by a competent authority or Tribunal, but such review or revision shall not as far as possible disturb any utilisation that may have been undertaken by any State within the limits of the allocation made to it under the foregoing Clauses (B) In the event of the augmentation of the waters of the river Krishna by the diversion of the waters of any other river, no State shall be debarred from claiming before any authority or Tribunal even before the 31st May, 2000 that it is entitled to a greater share in the waters of the river Krishna on account of such augmentation nor shall any State be debarred from disputing such claim Clause XV Nothing in the Order of this Tribunal shall impair the right or power or authority of any State to regulate within its boundaries the use of water, or to enjoy the benefit of waters within that State in a manner not inconsistent with the Order of this Tribunal Clause XVI In this Order, (a) Use of the water of the river Krishna by any person or entity of any nature whatsoever within the territories of a State shall be reckoned as use by that State 239 (b) The expression "water year" shall mean the year commencing on 1st June and ending on 31st May (c) The expression "Krishna river" includes the main stream of the Krishna Iyer, all its tributaries and all other streams contributing water directly or indirectly to the Krishna river (d) The expression " T M C " means thousand million cubic feet of water Clause XVII Nothing contained herein shall prevent the alteration amendment or modification of all or any of the foregoing clauses by agreement between the parties or by legislation by Parliament Clause XVIII (A) The Governments of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh shall bear their own costs of appearing before the Tribunal The expenses of the Tribunal shall be borne and paid by the Governments of Maharashtra Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in equal shares These directions relate to the reference under Section 5(1) of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956 (B) The Government of India and the Governments of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh shall bear their own costs of appearing before the Tribunal 240 in the references under Section 5(3) of the said Act The expenses of the Tribunal in respect of the aforesaid references shall be borne and paid by the Governments of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in equal shares.

-- 101 P1165.

398

SCHEDULE – II

Reference No. 1 of 2011; Reference No. 2 of 2011; Reference No. 3 of 2011 & Reference No. 4 of 2011

Further Report : Order Deemed Modified : Enumerated :

Thus, after incorporation of deemed modifications as a result of Further Report under Section 5(3) of the Act, the

Decision/Order dated December 30, 2010 of the Tribunal passed under Section 5(2) of the Act, shall be finally read as under :

O R D E R

Clause-I

In view and on the basis of the discussions held and the findings recorded on the issues hereinbefore, the following order is passed in so far as it deviates from, modifies, amends and reviews the decision and the order passed by the KWDT-1.

Clause-II

That for the purposes of this case, so as to assess the yearly yield of the river Krishna afresh, on the data now available, an yearly 399

water series for 47 years has been prepared, accordingly the dependable yield is determined as follows :-

(a) Average yield - 2578 TMC

(b) Yield at 50% dependability - 2626 TMC

(c ) Yield at 60% dependability - 2528 TMC

(d) Yield at 65% dependability - 2293 TMC

(e) Yield at 75% dependability - 2173 TMC

Clause-III

That it is decided that the water of river Krishna be distributed amongst the three States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on 65% dependability of the new series of

47 years i.e. 2293 TMC.

Clause-IV

That it is decided that the allocations already made by

KWDT-1 at 75% dependability which was determined as 2060

TMC on the basis of old series of 78 years plus return flows, assessed as 70 TMC in all totaling to 2130 TMC, be maintained and shall not be disturbed.

400

Clause-V

That it is hereby determined that the remaining

distributable flows at 65% dependability, over and above 2130

TMC (already distributed), is 163 TMC (2293 TMC minus 2130

TMC = 163 TMC).

Clause-VI

That it is hereby decided that the surplus flows which is

determined as 285 TMC (2578 TMC minus 2293 TMC= 285

TMC)

be also distributed amongst the three States.

Clause-VII

That the balance amount of water at 65% dependability

i.e.163 TMC and the surplus flows of 285 TMC is distributed as

given below:

State of Karnataka

Allocation at 65% dependability 61 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 105 TMC

Total 166 TMC Flows made available for Minimum 7 TMC flows in the stream out of 65% dependability Grand Total 173 TMC 401

State of Maharashtra

Allocation at 65% dependability 43 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 35 TMC

Total 78 TMC

Flows made available for Minimum 3 TMC flows in the stream out of 65% dependability Grand Total 81 TMC

State of Andhra Pradesh

Allocation at 65% dependability 43 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 145 TMC

Total 188 TMC

Flows made available for Minimum 6 TMC flows in the stream out of 65% dependability Grand Total 194 TMC

402

Clause-VIII

That the total allocations at different dependability including those made by KWDT-1 at 75% dependability with return flows are given below :

State of Karnataka

Allocation at 75% dependability 734 TMC with return flows

Allocation at 65% dependability 61 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 105 TMC

Total 900 TMC

Plus 7 TMC provided for 7 TMC Minimum flows

Grand Total 907 TMC

State of Maharashtra

Allocation at 75% dependability 585 TMC with return flows

Allocation at 65% dependability 43 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 35 TMC

Total 663 TMC

Plus 3 TMC provided for 3 TMC Minimum flows

Grand Total 666 TMC

403

State of Andhra Pradesh

Allocation at 75% dependability 811 TMC with return flows

Allocation at 65% dependability 43 TMC

Allocation out of surplus flows 145 TMC

Total 999 TMC

Plus 6 TMC provided for 6 TMC Minimum flows out of 65% dependability

Grand Total 1005 TMC

Clause-IX

That since the allocations have been made at different dependability, the party States are directed to utilize the water strictly in accordance with the allocations. And for that purpose they are further directed to prepare or caused to be prepared ten daily working tables and the Rule Curve and shall furnish copies of the same to each other and on its coming into being, also to the ‘Krishna Waters Decision – Implementation Board’.

404

Clause –IX-A

Detailed Mechanism for Drawal of Water By States

at Different Dependability.

PART-I

1(a). That the three States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and

Andhra Pradesh shall continue to use the water at 75%

dependability plus the return flows according to and in

the manner as provided in Clause-V of the Decision of

the KWDT-I except the progressive increase in the

allocated share, in given percentage, on account of

return flows, since the return flows now stand

quantified. The total figure of allocations at 75%

dependability with quantified return flows is 585 TMC,

734 TMC and 811 TMC for the States of Maharashtra,

Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh respectively.

(b) Thus, in the first instance, not more than 2130 TMC

shall be utilized in the following manner, as before :-

(i) The State of Maharashtra shall not use more

than 585 TMC; 405

(ii) The State of Karnataka shall not use more than

734 TMC;

(iii) The State of Andhra Pradesh shall use 811

TMC.

2. Thereafter, in the second instance, not more than 163

TMC shall be utilized by all the three States in the

following manner:-

(i) The State of Maharashtra shall not use (over

and above 585 TMC) more than 46 TMC,

only after the State of Karnataka has used 734

TMC and the State of Andhra Pradesh 811

TMC;

(ii) The State of Karnataka shall not use (over

and above 734 TMC) more than 68 TMC,

only after State of Andhra Pradesh has used

811 TMC;

(a) ALTERNATIVELY, in so far

it relates to the upper riparian States

viz. Maharashtra and Karnataka,

before using/storing their additional

allocation of 46 TMC and 68 TMC 406

respectively at 65% dependability, they have released/and/or water flowed down, the balance amount of share of Andhra Pradesh at 75% dependability at the relevant point of time, taking into account the self- generation of water due to rainfall in the State of Andhra Pradesh. Self- generation of water in Andhra

Pradesh at 75% dependability may be taken as 369 TMC, as per their own calculation made in the paper dated

16.4.2012.

(b) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub clauses (i) and (ii)(a) of Clause 2 above, the three riparian

States, in the light of the opinion of their experts about the assessment of expected rains, or otherwise, in the best of the spirit of cooperation and share and care to achieve their share fairly and smoothly, are free to make 407

any other arrangement by means of a

written agreement amongst the three

States, in respect of the manner of

withdrawal as to at what point of time

they may draw their share in full or in

parts thereof, at 65% dependability.

jointly submitted to the Board and the

Board shall see to it that the drawal of

water is made by the parties as per

the agreement; if necessary it may

issue directions to the parties

accordingly.

(iii) The State of Andhra Pradesh shall not use

(over and above 811 TMC) more than 49

TMC.

3. In the third instance, not more than 285 TMC shall be used by the three States in the following manner:-

(i) The State of Maharashtra shall not use (over

and above 585+46=631 TMC) more than 35 408

TMC, only after the State of Karnataka has

used 734+68=802 TMC and the State of

Andhra Pradesh 811+49=860 TMC.

(ii) The State of Karnataka shall not use (over and

above 802TMC) more than 105 TMC, only

after the State of Andhra Pradesh has used

860 TMC.

(iii) The State of Andhra Pradesh shall not use

(over and above 860 TMC) more than 145

TMC.

Note: The provisions made above allowing Andhra

Pradesh to draw only its allocated shares at

different dependability does not affect the

drawals/use, which Andhra Pradesh is entitled

to, as per provision made in sub-para of para

3 of Clause X of the Order which allows

Andhra Pradesh to use the remaining water.

4. That notwithstanding the provision in Clause VII of the

Decision of KWDT-I, for the purpose of paragraphs 1 to 3 above only, the expression “use” would mean the water used or diverted plus the amount of water stored by any State at 409

any point of time in a water year so as to be available in a

storage for utilization to achieve its allocation in that water

year.

5. That the Krishna Waters Decision – Implementation

Board shall monitor and ensure the use of the water by the

three States as allocated to them in the manner provided in

the aforesaid paragraphs 1 to 3.

PART-II

Procedure to ascertain the use of water by the Riparian States and other related matters.

1. That all the three party States shall exchange data on daily basis with each other relating to opening and the closing balance of the reservoirs, the water which has been released from the reservoir to the canals and the 10 daily and monthly data statement of all major, medium and minor schemes accordingly. The data of measured flows at the sites maintained by the Central Water Commission shall also be obtained by the parties on daily basis. The data so maintained by respective parties and at the gauging sites shall also be furnished by the respective parties and CWC to the Implementation Board. 410

2. For the purpose of ascertaining as to how much water has been released to/flowed down/used by the States, the data which is maintained and exchanged as indicated in the preceding clause shall be used by the States. If so needed, data may be ascertained from the Implementation Board, which shall maintain a Data Cell for this purpose and shall promptly provide information sought by any party.

3. Any of the upper riparian State which wants to store or utilize water at 65% dependability before the lower riparian

State have used their allocation at 75% dependability, shall at that point of time ascertain, from the data exchanged, the quantity of water which has been released to/flowed down and on that basis shall ascertain the shortfall of the remaining unutilized allocation of the lower/lowest riparian States excluding the self-generation of that lower riparian State at

75% dependability. The amount of water which has flown down plus the water generation within the State at 75% dependability, shall be deducted from the allocated share at

75% dependability and the balance amount of water shall be released/flow down, with due intimation along with the 411

calculations to the lower riparian State/States at least 12 hours before storing/using its allocation at 65% dependability.

The gauging sites of CWC at interstate boundaries between Maharashtra and Karnataka and between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh shall be used for measuring the flows of releases amongst the party States.

4. If the lower/lowest riparian States have any doubt about the correctness of the calculations made by the upper riparian

States about the use, storage and the water which has been released/flowed down till that point of time to lower riparian

States, in that event the States may ascertain the correct position from the Implementation Board which shall check the same and provide it to them immediately, say within 12 hours.

Information so furnished by the Board shall be taken to be the correct position of water having released/flowed down, to the lower/lowest riparian State.

5. In the event the lower/lowest riparian States inform to the upper riparian States that it is not in a position to receive the balance flow of water of its allocation at 75% dependability, at that point of time due to lack of storage 412

capacity or the like, in that case, the parties may enter into an agreement under Clause “(ii)b” allowing storage of that part of the balance of allocation of the lower/lowest riparian States also which may be released later as and when so required by the lower/lowest riparian States or as agreed.

6. In any water year if it is noticed that the self-generation of water in the State of Andhra Pradesh is likely to fall short of

369 TMC and the State of Andhra Pradesh cannot realize its allocation of 811 TMC at 75% dependability and the upper riparian States have used their additional allocation, in that case the State of Andhra Pradesh at the end of winter monsoon season shall intimate about the shortfall in 811 TMC with calculations to the upper riparian states which shall make good the shortfall, if necessary on verifying the correctness of the claim.

7. Any State if defaults in timely exchange of data, will not be entitled to question the calculation made by upper riparian

State, which shall be treated as correct. Similarly, if an upper riparian State fails to furnish its data on time, will not be entitled to claim commencement of use of its additional allocation. 413

8. The party States and the Board shall make use of the latest information technology and install a suitable Real Time Data

Acquisition System in the entire Krishna basin for the purposes of acquisition and exchange of reservoir and utilisation data indicated in the foregoing clauses. The same technology shall be used for data to be obtained from the gauging sites of

Central Water Commission and the States, if any. The

Implementation Board may get, for this purpose, the necessary software and hardware for quick and instant exchange of data amongst the States, the Implementation Board and the Central

Water Commission. The Board shall use all facilities in this regard available with the CWC and the party States. The Board shall be responsible for installation and maintenance of the

System. The financing of this activity of the Board shall be covered by the Clause 41 of Appendix I of the Decision of this

Tribunal.

Clause-X

That on change in availability and the allocation of more water, at different dependability, the restrictions placed on the States on utilizations in some sub-basins would consequently change.

The changes in the restrictions are in keeping with the 414

dependability at which allocations have been made. These restrictions, as given below, shall be strictly adhered to by the concerned States :-

1. (a) Maharashtra shall not utilize more than 98 TMC in a 65% dependable water year (it includes 3 TMC allocated for Kukadi Complex) and 123 TMC in an average water year from the main stream of river Bhima.

(b) Maharashtra shall not divert more than 92.5 TMC

(including that allowed by KWDT-1 and further 25 TMC now allocated) from K-1 Upper Krishna sub basin for Koyna Hydel

Station for west-ward diversion in a 65% dependable or average water year.

65% dependable water year and not more than 663 TMC in an average water year.

(d) Maharashtra shall not divert any water out of basin except (b) above from K-1 sub-basin.

(e) (i) Maharashtra shall not utilize water allocated to it by this

Tribunal in any non- scarcity /DPAP area either in existing project or in future projects. 415

(ii) In basin utilization in any other project for DPAP area may be permissible with prior intimation in writing and written no objection of the Krishna Water Decision Implementation

Board. It shall not involve any inter basin transfer of water.

2. (a) Karnataka shall not utilize more than 356 TMC from K-8 Tungabhadra sub-basin in a 65% dependable water year (it includes allocation of 36 TMC for Upper Tunga, Upper

Bhadra and Singatlur Projects) or in an average water year.

(b) Karnataka shall not utilize more than 194 TMC in a 65% dependable water year and not more than 303 TMC in an average water year from Upper Krishna project (it includes allocation of 130 TMC for UKP Stage-III with reservoir level of Almatti Dam at 524.256 m).

(c) Karnataka shall not utilize more than 795 TMC in a 65% dependable water year and not more than 900 TMC in an average water year.

3. (a) That the State of Andhra Pradesh shall not utilise more than 860 TMC in a 65% dependable year (It includes 30

TMC for carry over in Sirisailam and Nagarjunasagar projects in K-7 sub-basin, 9 TMC for Jurala project, 4 TMC for Right 416

Main Canal of RDS project and 6 TMC towards Minimum flows).

(b) That the State of Andhra Pradesh shall not utilize more than 1005 TMC as per allocation made in Clause-VIII above in an average water year. (It includes further allocation of 9 TMC for Jurala Project, 25 TMC for Telugu Ganga Project, 4 TMC for RDS Right Main Canal, 150 TMC for carry over storage in

Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar Dams and 6 TMC towards minimum flows).

So far as remaining water is concerned, as may be available, that may also be utilized by State of Andhra Pradesh till the next review for consideration by any competent authority under the law. It will be open to each of the parties to raise its claim to the remaining water before the Competent

Authority as it may consider necessary and that no right would accrue to Andhra Pradesh over the remaining water on the ground of its user under this clause.

4. The above restrictions are inclusive of evaporation losses.

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Clause-XI

That all the three States are hereby directed that for the purposes of drinking water supply for Chennai city, each State shall contribute 3.30 TMC in equal quantity distributed in the months of July, August, September and October and 1.70 TMC distributed similarly in four equal installments in the months of

January, February, March and April.

Clause-XII

That all the three States shall release in all 16 TMC of water for maintaining minimum in-stream flow and for environment and ecology, in the manner and the quantity as indicted in Table to the discussion held on the subject of minimum flows.

Clause-XIII

That it is hereby directed, as provided in the discussion held while dealing with Issue No. 14, that the State of

Karnataka shall release 8 to 10 TMC of water to the State of 418

Andhra Pradesh from Almatti Reservoir in the months of June and July, as regulated releases.

Clause-XIII-A

If on periodical survey any significant change is reported in sedimentation within 20 KM of Maharashtra territory of river Krishna the KWD-IB may direct Karnataka and Maharashtra to undertake dredging jointly to clear the same and the cost of which shall be equally borne by them.

Clause- XIV

That it is hereby provided that on the constitution of the

‘Krishna Water Decision – Implementation Board’ the administrative control and regulation over Tungabhadra Dam and its Reservoir including Head Regulators of all the canal systems both on the left and the right sides and all its gates as well as the administrative control of Rajolibanda Diversion

Scheme shall vest in the Board and the notifications dated 29th

September, 1953 and the 10th March, 1955 issued under

Section 66(1) and (4) respectively of the Andhra State Act,

1953 shall cease to be operative.

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Clause-XV

That besides the gauging sites as indicated in Clause-

XIII in the final order of the KWDT-1, the ‘Krishna Waters

Decision – Implementation Board’ may set up or caused to be set up more gauging sites as the Board may consider necessary.

Neither existing site nor any site established hereinafter shall be abolished or downgraded except in consultation with the

Board.

Clause-XV-A

That Krishna Water Decision – Implementation Board shall implement the Real Time Flood Forecasting System in the entire Krishna basin. In case, however, if the system is already installed by the CWC covering Krishna Basin and it is in operation, the KWD-IB shall take all necessary help in the matter from CWC and shall make use of the same”.

Clause-XVI

At any time after 31st May, 2050, order may be reviewed or revised by a Competent Authority or Tribunal, but such review or revision shall not as far as possible disturb any 420

utilization that may have been undertaken by any State within the limits of allocation made to it.

Clause-XVII

Nothing contained herein shall prevent the alteration, amendment or modification of all or any of the Clauses by agreement between the Parties.

Clause-XVIII

The scheme which has been framed for implementation of this decision and the decision and directions made by

KWDT-I, which have not been modified or reviewed by this

Tribunal has been appended as Appendix-I to this decision and forms part thereof. The Board constituted to carry out the functions and duties provided for in the scheme shall be called

‘Krishna Waters Decision – Implementation Board’. It shall be constituted as early as possible. The Central Government and the State Government shall nominate the Members of the

Board at the earliest, in any case, not later than six months 421

from the date of publication of the decision. The Board shall function as per the provisions of the scheme.

Clause-XIX

That a Map which has been prepared before this

Tribunal and brought on record as TD-1 vide orders dated 30th

July, 2009 and 9thAugust, 2009 of this Tribunal has been appended as Appendix-II to the decision.

Clause-XX

That the order or directions as contained in this order shall be read in reference and context with the preceding discussions and the findings recorded on different issues along with the reasoning thereof.

It is further provided that any direction given or provision made under any Issue or otherwise, not finding mention in this order shall also be complied with by all the parties as a part of the decision and this order.

Clause-XXI

The Governments of Maharashtra, Karnataka and

Andhra Pradesh shall bear their own costs of appearing before 422

the Tribunal. The expenditure of the Tribunal shall be borne and paid by the aforesaid three States in equal shares except the expenditure incurred in Hydrographic Survey in Hippargi

Barrage and Almatti Dam conducted by M/s Tojo Vikas

International Pvt. Ltd. which shall be borne by the States of

Maharashtra and Karnataka in equal shares.

Clause-XXII

This decision and order shall come into operation on the date of publication in the official gazette under Section 6 of the

Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.

Clause-XXIII

The provisions made in the decision/order passed and the decision and directions given by KWDT-I which have not been amended, modified or reviewed by this order shall continue to be operative.

(JUSTICE B.P. DAS) (JUSTICE D.K. SETH) (JUSTICE BRIJESH KUMAR) MEMBER MEMBER CHAIRMAN Dated this the 29 th day of November, 2013 423

APPENDIX-I

(To the Decision dated December 30, 2010)

(As Deemed to be Amended)

APPENDIX-1

KRISHNA WATERS DECISION – IMPLEMENTATION

BOARD.

1. There shall be a permanent “Krishna Waters Decision –

Implementation Board”, ‘hereinafter referred to as the Board’ which will have five Members out of which one Member each shall be appointed by the three riparian States and the remaining two Members shall be nominated by the Central

Government (Government of India).

2. The riparian States shall appoint Members on deputation or on re-employment basis, a person who should be a High ranking Engineer not below the rank of Chief Engineer or has 424

held the office of Chief Engineer having experience in the field of Irrigation Engineering, Hydrology and Water Management.

3. The Central government shall nominate two Members for the “Krishna Waters Decision – Implementation Board” who shall be High ranking Engineer having experience in the field of Irrigation Engineering, Hydrology and Water

Management from Central Government services or any organization under the Central Government, one of whom shall be holding or has held the post not below the rank of Joint

Secretary and the other not below the rank of Additional

Secretary to the Government of India. The latter shall be the

Chairman of the Board The nominated Members shall be either on deputation or on reemployment but shall be from any State other than the riparian States of the Krishna river basin and shall have no connection, direct or indirect, with any of the three States.

425

4. The services of the Members including the Chairman of the Board as well as Officers and employees of the Board shall be subject to the Service and Disciplinary Rules applicable to the Central government Officers and employees except the

Members and other Officers and employees serving on deputation who shall be governed by the Service Rules and

Disciplinary rules of the parent cadre of the concerned State.

5. On any vacancy occurring in the offices of the

Members of the Board, the Central government or the concerned State government, as the case may be, shall appoint on deputation or re-employment basis a suitable person as against the vacant office.

Provided that in case of temporary absence due to illness or for any cause whatever the Central government or the State government by whom he was appointed, as the case may be, appoint, on deputation or re-employment basis or on officiating basis a suitable person as Acting Member during such illness or

426

absence and such Acting Member shall, while so acting, have all the powers and perform all the duties and will be entitled to indemnities of the Member, in whose stead he so acts.

6. The Members of the Board shall have a tenure upto ‘five years’ each but or beyond the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.

7. The Board will hold meetings regularly. The data collected as envisaged hereinbelow shall be placed before it in its meetings for appropriate orders/ directions and necessary action.

8. The Board shall record its directions/guidelines by a resolution at a meeting in which the Chairman and the

Members are present as provided hereinafter.

9. The Board in its meeting in which all its members are present shall frame its Rules of business, categorize any part of the business of the Board as of a formal or routine nature.

10. The permanent “Krishna Waters Decision –

Implementation Board” with five Members as aforesaid shall 427

be for implementing and carrying out effectively the decision/ orders and directions issued by the this Tribunal including the decision/ orders and directions issued by K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this Tribunal.

11. This “Krishna Waters Decision – Implementation

Board” shall be a body orporate having perpetual succession and common seal and could sue or be sued and can hold and dispose of properties.

12. No Member, Officer or employee of the Board shall be liable for loss, injury or damage resulting from an action taken by such Member, Officer or employee in good faith and without malice even though such action is later on determined to be unauthorized.

13. The purpose and function of the permanent “Krishna

Waters Decision – Implementation Board” shall also be to establish and maintain cooperation between the riparian States to the development of waters in the Krishna river in particular within the limits prescribed by this Tribunal and to ensure compliance of its orders and the directions including the orders 428

and directions of K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this Tribunal.

14. Any question which arises between the riparian States concerning any activity by a riparian State which is claimed by a riparian State to be against the decision and direction of this

Tribunal or of the order and direction issued by K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this Tribunal, having an adverse effect on that State shall be examined by the

Board which will first endeavour to resolve the question amicably but in case no amicable settlement is possible the

Board shall solve the question raised by a resolution, by majority, giving reasons in a meeting where all the Members are present and that resolution/direction shall be communicated to the riparian States and will be binding on them.

(14A) Review Committee : The resolution/direction of the Krishna Water Disputes Decision Implementation Board shall be reviewable on application of any party State and the decision of the Review Committee on the review petition, if any preferred, shall be final and binding on all the parties. 429

(i) The Minister for Water Resources, Govt. of India, shall constitute the Single Member Review Authority.

(ii) The Review Authority while dealing with the review petition and taking a decision on it shall take assistance of a panel of three designated personnel consisting of :-

(1) The Secretary, Ministry of Water

Resources, Government of India ;

(2) The Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture,

Government of India ;

(3) The Chairman, Central Water Commission.

The Review Authority shall take the assistance of the aforesaid panel any time before hearing of the parties, during the course of review proceedings and after that before rendering its decision.

The Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources shall be the Convener of the Review Authority.

(iii) The Review Authority shall give opportunity of hearing to all the parties to the Review Petition, before taking any decision in the matter. 430

(iv) The Review Authority may also, if necessary, call

for the records and the comments of the implementation

Board on the Review Petition.

(v) The decision shall be recorded in writing.

15. That the Board shall also be authorized to look into ‘any such activity suo moto, on the part of any State which appears to be against the decision and direction of this Tribunal or order and directions issued by KWDT-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this Tribunal and such activity of any

State adversely affecting the interest of the other States. All other provisions of para 12 shall be applicable in suo moto action taken by the Board.

16. The quorum to constitute a meeting of the Board for routine business shall be the Chairman or the other nominated

Member by the Central Government and the two Members out of the three appointed by the riparian States.

17. The Board shall further ensure that the Dead Storage shall not be depleted except in an unforeseen emergency or 431

acute urgency. If so depleted, it will be replenished in accordance with the conditions of its initial filling.

18. The Board shall proceed to determine the questions raised with the following definitions in mind for the purposes of this scheme:

(i) The term ‘tributary’ of a river means any surface channel, whether in continuous or intermittent flow and by whatever name called, whose waters in the natural course would fall into the river, e.g. a tributary, a torrent, a natural drainage an artificial drainage, a nadi, a nallah, a nali. The term also includes any sub-tributary or branch or subsidiary channel, by whatever name called, whose waters, in the natural course, would directly or otherwise flow into that surface channel.

(ii) ‘Reservoir Capacity’ means the gross volume of water which can be stored in the reservoir.

(iii) ‘Dead Storage Capacity’ means that portion of the

Reservoir Capacity which is not used for operational purposes and’ Dead Storage’ means the corresponding volume of water. 432

(iv) ‘Live Storage Capacity’ means the Reservoir Capacity excluding Dead Storage Capacity, and ‘Live Storage’ means the corresponding volume of water.

(v) “Flood Storage Capacity’ means that portion of the

Reservoir Capacity which is reserved for the temporary storage of flood waters in order to regulate downstream flows, and

‘Flood Storage’ means the corresponding volume of water.

(vi) ‘Surcharge Storage Capacity’ means the Reservoir

Capacity between the crest of an uncontrolled spillway or the top of the crest gates in normal closed position and the maximum water elevation above this level for which the dam is designed, and ‘Surcharge Storage’ means the corresponding volume of water.

(vii) ‘Conservation Storage Capacity’ means the Reservoir

Capacity excluding Flood Storage Capacity, Dead Storage

Capacity and Surcharge Storage Capacity, and ‘Conservation

Storage’ means the corresponding volume of water.

(viii) The term ‘Agricultural Use’ means the use of water for irrigation, except for irrigation for household gardens and public recreational gardens.

(ix) The term ‘Domestic Use’ means the use of water for:- 433

(a) drinking, washing, bathing, recreation, sanitation (including the conveyance and dilution of sewage and other wastes), stock and poultry and other like purposes;

(b) household use including use for household gardens and public recreational gardens; and

(x) Industrial purposes (including mining, mining and other like purpose and industrial waste); but the term does not include agricultural use or use for the generation of hydroelectric power.

(xi) The term “Non-consumptive Use” means any control or use of water for navigation, floating of timber or other property, flood protection or flood control, fishing or fish culture, wild life or other like beneficial purposes, provided that exclusive of seepage and evaporation of water incidental to the control or use the water (undiminished in volume within the practical range of measurement) remains in, or is returned to the same river or its tributaries.

(xii) The term “Interference with the Waters” means –

(a) Any act of withdrawal therefrom; or 434

(b) Any man-made obstruction to their flow which adversely affects or causes prejudice to any riparian State or causes a change in the volume (within the practical range of measurement) of the daily flow of the waters. Provided however an obstruction which involves only an insignificant and incidental change in the volume of the daily flow, for example, fluctuations due to afflux caused by bridge piers or a temporary by-pass, etc., shall not be deemed to be an interference with the waters.

(xiii) “Damage” includes -

(a). Loss of life or personal injury;

(b). Loss of or injury to property or other economic losses;

(d) The costs of reasonable measures to prevent or minimize such loss, injury, or harm.

(xiv) “Drainage basin” means an area determined by the geographic limits of a system of interconnected waters, the surface waters of which normally share a common terminus.

(xv) “Ecological integrity” means the natural condition of waters and other resources sufficient to assure the biological, chemical, and physical integrity of the aquatic environment. 435

(xvi) “Environment” includes the waters, land, air, flora, and fauna that exist in a particular region at a particular time.

(xvii) “Environmental harm” includes -

(a). Injury to the environment and any other loss or damage caused by such harm; and

(b). The costs of the reasonable measures to restore the environment actually undertaken or to be undertaken.

(xviii) “Flood” means a rising of water to levels that have detrimental effects on or in one or more basin States.

(xix) “Flood control” means measures to protect land areas from floods or to minimize damage therefrom.

(xx) “Hazardous substances” means substances that are bioaccumulative, carcinogenic, mutagenic teratogenic, or toxic.

(xxi) “Management of waters” and “to manage waters” includes the development, use, protection, and control of waters.

(xxii) “Pollution” means any detrimental change in the composition or quality of waters that results directly or indirectly from human conduct.

(xxiii) “Vital human needs” means waters used for immediate human survival, including drinking, cooking, and sanitary 436

needs, as well as water needed for the immediate sustenance of a household. For the expression not defined hereinabove, the

Board shall take into consideration the definitions provided in the related Indian Standard Code (I.S. Code).

19. The Board shall employ a Secretary who shall be an

Engineer having experience in Hydrology and water management. The appointment shall be on deputation or on re- employment basis not beyond 65 years of age.

20. The Board shall appoint either directly or on deputation or on re-employment basis other officers/ employees in such numbers as may be found necessary to efficiently carryout the functions of the Board.

On the vesting of the functions and duties of the Tunga

Bhadra Board in the “Krishna Waters Decision –

Implementation Board”, the existing staff of Tungabhadra

Board may be retained as employees of the “Krishna Waters

Decision – Implementation Board” as per requirement and need.

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21. The Board shall appoint a qualified and experienced

Accounts Officer on deputation or on re-employment basis not beyond 65 years of age.

22. The Board shall ensure that the following data in respect to the flows and utilization of the waters of river Krishna are recorded and exchanged between the riparian States and a copy of the same shall also be furnished by the States to the Board in the same manner.

(a) Daily gauge and discharge data relating to the flow of the river at all observation sites duly established by the Central

Water Commission and the States.

(b) Daily extractions for the releases from the various reservoirs maintained by the riparian States.

(d) Daily escapages from all canals including the link canals.

(e) Daily deliveries from link canals.

(f) That the party States namely State of Maharashtra, State of

Karnataka and the State of Andhra Pradesh shall prepare the

Rule Curves for operation of their Reservoirs of all major projects using more than 3 TMC in a water year. All party 438

States shall regularly prepare 10 daily Working Tables in every water year. The Rule Curves and the 10 daily Working Tables shall be prepared keeping in view the allocations made to and restrictions imposed on the riparian States at different level of dependability and on an average basis.

23. It shall also be ensured that the States furnish the copies of the Working Tables at 10 daily basis and the Rule Curve to each other. The States shall also furnish such copies to the

Board. The Board may vet the Rule Curve and the 10 daily

Working Tables to check and ensure that they are prepared in consonance with the provisions of the decision of this Tribunal and the decision and directions of KWDT-I which have not been amended, modified or reviewed by this Tribunal. In case it is found that the 10 daily Working Tables or the Rule Curve does not conform to the decision, order and the directions of this Tribunal or the decision and directions of KWDT-I which have not been amended, modified or reviewed, the Board may make necessary modifications which shall be binding on all the parties.

439

24. The Board shall be charged with the power and shall be under a duty to do all things necessary and sufficient and expedient for the implementation of the order/ directions of this

Tribunal including the decision/ orders and directions of

K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this

Tribunal with respect to –

(i) storage, apportionment and regulated control of the Krishna waters,

(ii) regulated releases from the reservoirs as directed by this

Tribunal including the decision and directions of K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this Tribunal.

(iii) any other matter incidental to the carrying out and implementation of the order/ direction of this Tribunal including the decision and directions of

K.W.D.T.-I which have not been reviewed or modified by this

Tribunal.

(iv) The Board shall make use of the data of the gauging sites already established or as may be established by the Central

Water Commission or cause to be established either by itself or through the Central

Water Commission. 440

(v) Record shall be kept of the flow of the Krishna river at all stations considered necessary by the Board.

25. The Central Water Commission or any riparian States shall not abolish or downgrade any existing gauging sites except in consultation with the Board.

26. The Board shall ensure that the capping and restrictions imposed by this tribunal or directed by the K.W.D.T.-I which have not be reviewed or modified are adhered to by the riparian

States and shall check that the flow as directed is maintained.

27. The Board shall collect from the States concerned data for the areas irrigated by Krishna waters in each season of withdrawals for irrigation, domestic, municipal and industrial or any other purposes and of water going down the river from the project.

28. In case, however, it is found that any State is not following the instructions of the Board or is violating the directions or the decision of the Tribunal or any State over utilizing or fails to make regulated releases the Board may 441

depute any of its responsible Officer/ Engineer for the purposes of the joint operation of any reservoir.

29. The Board shall determine the volume of water flowing in the river Krishna and its tributaries in a water year i.e. 1 st

June to 31 st May.

30. The Board shall check from time to time the volume of water stored by each State in its reservoirs and other storages and may for that purpose adopt any approved and tested device or method.

31. It shall be ensured by the concerned States that the following reports of the water accounts are prepared and submitted to the Board for consideration:-

(a) South West monsoon 1 st June to 30 th September.

(b) Full water year 1 st June to 30 th May.

32. The control over the maintenance and operation of the entire Tungabhadra dam and all the canals on the Right and

Left side of the Bank as well as reservoir and the spillway gates on the entire Left and Right side including the operation of 442

Rajolibunda Diversion Scheme (RDS), shall be the responsibility of the Board. The Board shall carry out the contour surveys of the entire reservoir from time to time with a view to ascertain whether its storage capacity has been reduced due to silting and prepare revised capacity tables if necessary.

The Board shall have the charge for the works on or connected with the Tungabhadra project and all the powers of the Tungabhadra Board shall vest in the Board.

33. The Board shall prepare and transmit to each of the three riparian States before the end of the current water year (1 st June to 31 st May of the next year) an Annual Report covering the activities of the Board for preceding year and to make available to the Central Government and to the Government of each of the riparian States on its request any information within its possession in time and always provide access of its records to the Central government and to the government of each riparian

States and their representatives.

34. The Board shall keep a record of all its meetings and proceedings, maintain regular accounts and have a suitable office where documents, records, accounts and gauging data 443

shall be kept open for inspection by the Central government and the Government of each of the riparian States or their representatives at such time and under such regulations as the

Board may determine.

35. The Board shall determine the place of its headquarters and locations at Central and suitable places for its Regional and

Sub-regional Offices as the need be.

36. The resolution of the Board on all matters referred to hereinabove shall be binding on all the parties.

37. The Board shall be funded by the Government of India and all capital and revenue expenditure as may be required shall be incurred.

38. The Board shall in the month of September each year prepare detailed estimate of the amount of money required for the twelve months i.e. for the following financial year for the purposes of its own establishments and as may be required to carry out its functions and duties under the scheme.

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39. The Board shall on or before 15 th of October forward such detailed estimate to the Government of India, Ministry of

Water Resources and the Chief Secretary of all the three riparian States.

40. The Central Government shall pay to the Board the amount for the purpose indicated above before or by the last date of February of the ensuing year.

41. The Central Government will get reimbursement of the expenditure incurred by it on the Board from the three States i.e. the State of Maharashtra, the State of Karnataka and the

State of Andhra Pradesh in equal shares or it may, if so, think fit realize the estimated amount in advance from the aforesaid three States.

42. The Board shall maintain detailed and accurate accounts of all the receipts and disbursement and shall after the close of each financial year prepare an annual statement of accounts and shall send the copies thereof to the Comptroller & Auditor-

General of Government of India (CAG), Accountant-Generals as well as the concerned Chief Secretaries of the three riparian 445

States. The form of the annual statements of the accounts shall be such as may be prescribed by the Rules framed by the

Board. The accounts maintained by the Board shall be open for inspection at all reasonable time by the Central government and the governments of the party States through their authorized representatives. The Board shall make disbursement from its funds only in such manner as may be prescribed under

Rules framed by it. It may, however, incur such expenditure as it may think fit to meet any emergency in the discharge of its function.

43. The Board shall get its accounts audited every year by the Comptroller & Auditor-General of Government of India

(CAG) or through any other agency as may be nominated by

CAG.

44. The Board shall prepare its Annual Report covering the activities of the Board including the audited Account Report for the preceding year and submit the same to each party State.

After approval of the Board in its meeting it will also be submitted to the Central government.

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45. The Board or its any other duly authorized representative

shall have power to enter upon any land and property upon

which any project or development of any project, or any work

of gauging, evaporation or other hydrological station or

measuring device has been or is being constructed, operated or

maintained by any state for the use of Krishna water. Each state

through its appropriate department shall render all cooperation

and assistance to the Board and its authorized representative in

this behalf.

(JUSTICE D.K. SETH) (JUSTICE B.P. DAS) (JUSTICE BRIJESH KUMAR) MEMBER MEMBER CHAIRMAN

Dated this the 29 th day of November, 2013.

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

15 Trans Basin Diversion

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

Chapter-15 Trans Basin Diversion

This chapter deals with Inter Basin Diversions identified at National level and State level. The intra-basin transfer of water within Bori-Benetura Sub Basin is also assessed The rainfall over the country is primarily orographic, associated with tropical depressions originating in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. The summer monsoon accounts for more than 85 per cent of the precipitation. The uncertainty of occurrence of rainfall is a serious problem for the country. Large parts of Maharashtra, are not only in deficit in rainfall but also subject to large variations, resulting in frequent droughts and causing immense hardship to the population and enormous loss to the nation. The water availability ever for drinking purposes becomes critical, particularly in the summer months as the rivers dry up and the ground water recedes. Irrigation using river water and ground water has been the prime factor for raising the food grain production in our country. One of the most effective ways to increase the irrigation potential for increasing the food grain production, mitigate floods and droughts and reduce regional imbalance in the availability of water is the Inter basin Water Transfer (IBWT) from the surplus in water resources. If we can build by diversion weir on these rivers and connect them to other basins by gravity, regional imbalances could be reduced significantly and lot of benefits by way of additional irrigation, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, navigational facilities etc. would accrue.

15.1 INTER-BASIN DIVERSION AT NATIONAL LEVEL

” In none of inter basin water transfer links (at national level) water has been proposed to be transferred to any area within Maharashtra. Obviously the Lower Bhima Sub basin is not getting any benefit of Inter-basin Transfer under the above Scheme.”

15.2 INTER-BASIN DIVERSION AT STATE LEVEL

15.2.1 At state level, there is already one project viz Kurnoor medium project Ta. Akkalkot where Inter basin diversion from Ekrukh lift scheme in Sina Sub basin to Kurnoor project Ta. Akkalkot in Bori sub basin has been affected. In this scheme, Kurnoor project is constructed on Bori River in Akkalkot Taluka. However Bori dam in same river is already in existence in Tuljapur Taluka in the year 1982. Therefore even though catchment area for Kurnoor project at dam is 1254 Sq.km. & Average runoff 214 MM³, Considering U/S Project (Bori dam) utilization of 140.81 MM³, Net yield available at site is only 4.97 MM³. Therefore Inter basin transfer from Ekrukh Medium Project Tq. Solapur (N) through Ekrukh Lift Scheme is approved. Through this scheme inter basin transfer of 36.10 MM³, is proposed in Kurnoor project by Constructing 4.76m deep. Darshanal canal. This is only the scheme which has completed smaller inter basin from Upper Bhima to Lower Bhima (Bori Sub basin). Salient Features of Kurnoor Project Tq. Akkalkot are attached as Annexure.-15

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

15.2.3. Details of sanctioned Inter basin transfer at state level for future use. As per Government Resolution No. (Marathi)-0709/(437/2009)MP1, dated 27 th August, 2009, First revised administrative approval has been accorded to Krishna Marathwada Lift Irrigation Project, Districts Osmanabad and District Beed for an amount of Rs. 4220.20 Crores, where water from Krishna basin is proposed to be utilized in parts of District Osmanabad and District Beed lying in Krishna basin only.

15.2.4 KRISHNA MARATHWADA PROJECT This project comprises of three lift schemes with water utilization as below table 15.1.

Table-15.1. Krishna marathawada project lift schemes with water utilization.

Sr.No. Details Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Lift Scheme No-1 3.08 Tmc 7.33 Tmc 10.41 Tmc (Bhoom Paranda 1 14936 ha 35544 ha 50480 ha washi/Kallamb of 1670 Crore 1453 Crore 3123 crore Osmanabad district) Lift Scheme No-2 2.24 Tmc 5.33 Tmc 7.57 Tmc (Tuljapur, Omarga 2 10862 ha 25846 ha 36708 ha Lohara of Osmanabad 889 Crore 773 crore 1662 crore Dist. Lift Scheme No-3 1.68 Tmc 4 Tmc 5.68 Tmc 3 (Ashti of Beed dist.) 8147 ha 19396 ha 27543 ha 751 crore 653 crore 1404 crore 7 Tmc 16.66 Tmc 23.66 Tmc TOTAL 33045 ha 80786 ha 114731 ha 3310 crore 2895 crore 6205 crore

In this Krishna Marathwada Irrigation project in lift Scheme-2 envisages utilization of 7.57 TMC of water in Tuljapur, Omarga, and Lohara taluka of Osmanabad district. Benefiting 36708 ha. Out of this area more than 90% area is in Bori-Benetura sub basin. However water availability for this scheme is through Krishna Bhima stabilization project. In Krishna Bhima stabilization project this project 115 TMC of water is to be utilized in Sangli, Pune, Osmanabad and Solapur districts which are prone to drought.

Krishna Bhima stabilization project was approved of Govt. vide letter Dt.04-02- 2004 The A.A. cost of project (DSR 2002-2003) is 4932 Crore. Revised AA. Cost (DSR 2009-10) is 13,576 crore. In this project, as per A.A. Project report surplus water from Panchganga and Warna Sub basin is proposed to be divested into Ujjani dam through Five Link Canals as detailed below The estimated yield in Panchganga catchment (2538 Km2) is

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

about 4655 Mm3 (164 TMC) at 50% dependability. It is proposed to divert 283 Mm3 (10 TMC) of water from existing Shirol Barrage (CA: 2538 Km2) on Panchganga river to Krishna river near Ghatwad village to be utilized in the command of Mhasial LIS which is a part of Krishna – Koyna LIS. This link is completely an open channel of length 6.80 Km. No Transmission losses are considered in any of the transfer components. NWDA has also reassessed the yields at 50% dependability at each of the proposed diversion points and established the availability of water for diversion. The water available for transfer from each and scheme wise water planning and benefited area under different projects is given below:

Table No. 15.2 Krishna Bhima stabilization links.

Name of the link Water Transfer in

Mm3 TMC Kumbi – Kasari 113 4 Kasari-Warna 312 11 Warna – Krishna 1104 39 Krishna – Nira 1444 51 Nira – Bhima 0 0 Panchganga – Krishna 283 10 Total 3256 115

Table No. 15.3 Scheme of Krishna Bhima stabilization

Name of the Scheme Area irrigated in ha Water utilization Lift Mm3 TMC (m)

Jihe-Kathapur 24275 (P) 120 4.23 243 Tembhu LIS III A 10625 (P) 92 3.24 406 Takari LIS 14010 (P) 85 3.00 209 Tembhu LIS 33270 (E)* 283 10.01

Dhakale 6000 (P) 58 2.05 40 Nira Project 138212 (E)* 459 16.20 RBC-39 LBC-32 Ujjani Project 307593 (E)* 1282 45.27 2.25 Krishna – 92141 (P) 595 21.00 239 Marathwada LIS Mhaisal LIS 46580 (P) 283 10.00 209 Total 672706 3256 115.00

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

E-Existing; P-Proposed; *Enrichment of command in terms of 8 monthly cropping pattern in place of Kharif.

While Satpewadi on Krishna and Shirol on Panchganga are existing barrages, remaining five are proposed barrages. While existing Ujjani and Nira projects are integrated in the KBSP, some small storage is proposed to be created as required for augmentation / utilization. The proposed barrages are planned by the State mostly their extent confining to the river portion only. Further, the storages/tanks proposed for the scheme are very small. The major part of the conveyance system is through tunnels. The effect of the scheme on the downstream uses has to be analyzed. The total cost of the Scheme is estimated to be 13576.19 crore based on the 2009-10 price level. The Benefit-Cost ratio works out to 1.16. However except link-5, Works for Link-1 to Link-4 have not yet been started. Out of 115 TMC water, 7 TMC Surplus water from Nira River is available for diversion of state level. However remaining 108 TMC water diversions is subject to KWDT-II decision.

15.3 Relevant facts of KWDT-II legal issue for K-6 lower Bhima are as below.

15.3.1 Inter sub basin transfer to the tune of 7.33 TMC is approved in the A.A. of Krishna Marathwada project. For this sub basin. In the Krishna Marathwada Project, in Lift scheme No.2 Inter basin transfer of 7.33 TMC is planned out of this 7.33 TMC about 90% of water utilization is planned in this K-6 Krishna sub basin of Tuljapur, Omarga & Lohara Talukas of Osmanabad district.

15.3.2 This Inter sub basin transfer will be subject to manner of use specified by KWDT- II. KWDT-II vide above part no. 15(d) stip that, new projects for using allocation made by KDWT-II shall not divert water from one sub basin to another(As per clause X- 1(e) (i) & (ii) of KWDT-II award)

15.3.3 Therefore water utilization of lift scheme-2 of Krishna Marathwada project may have to be retrieved. However Government of Maharashtra vide according revised approval to Krishna-Marathwada Project has instructed field officers to execute Krishna Marathwada project in two stages. In first stages GOM has accorded approval to water utilization of 7 TMC. This 7 TMC of water is the Govt. share in lies of polowarm projects 14 TMC of water utilization. As such this 7 TMC water utilization will not be subject to manner of use as specified by KWDT-II which has restrained inter basin Transfer.

15.3.4 Again KWDT-II has allowed use of water in scarcity & DPAP zone. Tuljapur, Omarga and Lohara Talukas of This K-6 Sub basin are Scarcity and DPAP areas. Therefore water utilization of 16.66 TMC (23.66) will have to be demanded to KWDT-II tribunal at Govt. level considering above fact.

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

15.3.5 In the first Stage of 7 TMC utilization of Krishna Marathwada project share of lift schemes 2 in k-6 lover Bhima sub basin is 90% of 2.24 TMC i.e. 2.0 TMC water utilization is planned in K-6 sub basin through Krishna-marathwada project.

Link-5 envisages utilization of 7 TMC of surplus water in Nira River into Ujjani dam. This Link-5 includes construction of Two Barrages viz Somanthali. and udhat barrage on Nira River and 24.5 Km Nira-Bhima Tunnel which will facilitate surplus water at udhat Barrage into Ujjani dam. The work of Somanthali Barrage is 70% completed, however work of udhat barrage & Nira-bhima tunnel is at preliminary stage.

15.4 RECOMMENDATIONS OF STUDY GROUPS / COMMISSIONS / COMMITTEES REGARDING INTERBASIN TRANSPHERS.

15.4.1 Fact Finding Committee for Drought Prone Area, (Sukthankar Samiti), 1973 i) The water from high rainfall zone may be given to drought prone area through lift irrigation schemes.

15.4.2 Maharashtra Water Irrigation Commission, 1999 i) Water from surplus basins should be diverted to water deficit basin. In this respect inter-state and intra-state water diversions projects are pursued (16). ii) Following inter-state and intra-state diversion projects are investigated (17). a) Vaitarna – Godawari b) Damanganga – Godawari c) Par & Nar – Godawari d) Middle Wainganga – Godawari

15.4.3 National Water Policy, 2002 i) Non-conventional methods for utilization of water such as through inter-basin transfers etc. need to be practiced to further increase the utilizable water resources.

15.4.4 State Water Policy, 2003 i) The transfer of surface water from surplus areas where feasible and appropriate may be undertaken for drought mitigation. ii) Non-conventional methods for utilization of water such as through inter-basin transfers from surplus basins to deficits one be practiced.

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

15.5 AN OVERVIEW OF DIFFICULTIES, GAPS, SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The basin is extremely deficit in availability of water. There is substantial scope for intra-basin diversion of water from adjacent basins. However, main bottleneck for Inter basin diversion would be legal stipulations in KWDT-II. The provision for inter basin transfer in KWDT-II do not allow transfer of water from one sub basin to another sub basin.

However if these conditions are diluted considering severe drought situations in this sub basin, then Krishna Bhima Stabilization Project along with Krishna Marathwada project will be a boon to this sub basin.

Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6 chapter-15 : transbasin diversion

ANNEXURE-15.1

Salient features of Kurnoor project Tq. Akkalkot are detailed as below.

Sr. Name Area No. 1. Catchment area of project 1254. Sq.Km 2 Average Rainfall 753.40 3 Average Rain off 213.93 mm³. 4 50% Dependable run off 145.48 mm³. 5 U/S project utilization 140.81 mm³. 6 Net yield available at site 4.97 mm³. 7 Inter basin Transfer (Ekrukh) 36.10 mm³. 8 Gross yield available on U/s of project 41.10 mm³. 9 Yield available on D/S of project through 14.84 mm³. series of K.T. weirs. 10 Gross yield available at site 55.91 mm³. 11 Gross annual utilization of the project 55.91 mm³. 12 Gross Capacity of Reservoir 54.82 mm³. 13 Capacity of live storage 19.25 mm³. 14 Capacity of Dead storage 4.04 mm³. 15 Annual Evaporation losses 1.926 mm³. 16 Length of Dam 886 m 17 Maximum height of dam 15.20m 18 Length of O.F. section 129.50m 19 Length N.O.F. section 90.0m 20 Type of gate Radical 21 Size of gate 12x5m 22 No. of gate 9 nos 23 Flood discharge 3651.07 cusecs 24 Total ICA of project 13860 Ha. U/s of dam 3670 ha D/s of dam 10190 ha 25 Benefitted villages 51 villages 26 Submergence area 653.46ha 27 Proposed cropping pattern Kharip 7% Rabbi 72% Two season 3% Total 142%

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

16 Other Soecial Requirements

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter – 16 : OTHER SPECIAL REQUIRMENT

Chapter – 16 : OTHER SPECIAL REQUIRMENT

16.1 Water for Environment

Main river Bori & Benitura and its tributaries have no base flow after rainy season. Extraction of ground water beyond limit is the main reason for dry bed. The national water policy 2002 and most of the state water policies have recommended the maintenance of minimum flow in rivers for preservation of eco system. However , there is no provision of releases for flow from any of the storages in sub basin. However by constructing series of K.T. weirs and barrages on main river and on tributaries the river course could be kept flowing / wet for most part of the year and as such ecology of the river will be maintained.

16.2. Water for Pisciculture

In this sub basin at present water spread area available for fishing is ha from water bodies and actual fish production is MT ( .) only which is very less compared with the estimated potential yield 1000 kg/ha. If improved technique is adopted systematically the production can be increased.

16.3 Water for Tourism

At present there is no tourist centre on any of the completed water bodies. If facilities such as boating, Children Park and tent houses etc. are provided at least 15 water bodies 3 Medium 7 minor and 5 barrages can be developed on annual or seasonal basis for tourism right now. If tourism development activity on water bodies is considered as industry and subsidies given to private interested participants, there will be a scope for early development.

1. Near Naldurg an ancient fort with NAR & NARI waterfall exists. This fall is in operation when there is satisfactory & excess rainfall. This waterfall has its origin in Bori River & is D/S of Bori dam & water gets available at this waterfall when releases from Bori dam are affected. 2. There is lake at Tuljapur urban centre. Water from Bori dam can be made available to this lake during winter & hot summer. This will facilitate tourism activity as Tuljapur is a Pilgrim centre. (Tuljapur urban centre is in Sina sub basin but water in the lake will be made available from Bori dam.)

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter – 16 : OTHER SPECIAL REQUIRMENT

3. Akkalkot Urban centre is a pilgrim centre. At this centre water intensive tourism spot can be developed. Water will be made available to this centre from Kurnoor Medium project Tq. Akkalkot.

The problem of unemployment in rural area can be solved from such activities and rural economy will be changed, migration of people from rural to urban area will be stopped.

16.4 Water for Water Link (Navigation)

At present there is no water links provided in the sub basin. All villages situated on fringe of reservoirs are well connected by road. However water link will be the shortest distance for transportation and it should be encouraged. If safety and security is provided to launches, 19 villages and 7000 souls will be benefited across barrages on Bori River. This activity will provide employment in rural areas.

Naldurg –I & Naldurg –II these two barrages along with service road are being constructed near Naldurg which will help in facilitating water link in this sub basin.

16.5 Water for Energy

At present there is no hydro-electric Project in the sub basin. There is no Thermal Power Station existing in the sub basin. However, non Commercial dept. Of Government has proposed to setup 200 MW Solar based Power Station near kaudgaon in Osmanabad district. The annual requirement of water for this project is 10 Mm3. It is intended to fulfill the requirement of water from the nearest water source of Bori Dam.

At present there is one sugar factory (National sugar and allied industries, Ranjani) is producing energy to the tune 15 MW By way of solar energy. By 2030 all sugar factories situated in this basin can generate 100 MW energy from Bagass. The water requirement for this energy will be zero.

There is scope for wind power up to 40 MW and from Biomass/agro waste up to 10 MW by 2030. Bori-Benetura basin is having 8 to 10 sunshine hours and ample land is available and as such solar energy can be generated in this sub basin to a great extent.

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

17 Enviromental

Management & Ecology

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

Chapter No. - 17 Environment Management and Ecology

17.1 Introduction

Ecosystem protection and poverty alleviation are of utmost importance in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. In most developing countries, the two are closely interlinked. But, due to unsustainable anthropogenic pressures, the carrying capacity of ecosystems is severely jeopardized, thus affecting ecosystem goods and services on which the rural poor depend directly. Attempts at focusing on one of these aspects without working on the other have proven to be unsustainable. An approach focused entirely on ecosystems, that does not perceive the local communities as a part of ecosystems or conversely, an approach focused entirely on communities and livelihoods that does not prioritize the urgent need for preservation and restoration of degrading ecosystems have shown to have limited relevance in tackling ground realities. In the two options mentioned above, the approaches have been developed by well-meaning external organizations or governments that seek to 'manage' their projects from a distance, while the vision, wisdom or problems of the local community are seldom seen as the building blocks for developing the approach further.

The rate of growth of urban development in the recent years has been exponential whereas the city infrastructure growth has not been able to match this pace. This has led to enormous pressures on the existing ecological resources, surface water body being one of the most affected. The conventional philosophy of human habitat settlements have always been inspired around the banks of river and thus the dependency on these surface waters for consumption and waste discharges kept on increasing day by day. Though the city governments and local bodies have been trying to cope up with the infrastructure fulfillment, the fact that natural resources have been over exploited shall remain true in times to come.

Water has remained as one of the most demanded commodity for humans. The problem of water is twofold, one that surface water is exploited for domestic & industrial consumption and most of the treated and untreated sewage & industrial wastewater are released back into the surrounding surface water bodies. The problem is further aggravated when these water bodies Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

are perennial and ultimately become sewage of wastewater conveyance systems rather than rivulets. Not only is the sewage a major culprit but many industrial setups around river have been discharging their waste into these rivers and have resulted in total disruption of the existing ecological balance in these water bodies. Thus, the carrying capacity of these ecological resources have been saturated in the recent past which means these river bodies do not have any further natural healing process & if the wastewater discharges continue at this pace, the rivers shall be dead in no time. Many such examples have been quoted in the past and several attempts have been made to rejuvenate / remediate such waste courses like Ganga, Yamuna and many others. One such river that has been in discussion in the recent past is Bhima river and this report attempts at delineating discussions to understand the potential environmental damage that has occurred in this surface water body, its reasons to certain extent and prioritize conservation action plan in order to rescue it from further degradation to the extent possible for sustainability.

17.2 Lower Bhima Sub-Basin K-6

Lower Bhima Sub-basin comes in Osmanbad disctict & partly Solapur district i.e. Akkalkot, Dudhani & Maindargi area. In Osmanabad District K6 zone of Lower Bhima Sub basin comprises Bori & Bentura Rivers. In part of Solapur district K-6 zone of Lower Bhima Sub basin comprises Bhima River (After confluence with Sina River at Kundal), Bori, Amaraja & Harani Rivers. Bori River originates from Bori village in Osmanabad district and after flowing through Osmanbad & Solapur district enters into Karanataka State. Benitura River originates from downstream of Benitura Dam at Murum village and meets to River at Bhima. Bhima River after confluence with Sina River enters into K-6 basin and after flowing through Tahasil Akkalkot of Solapur district around 30 Km enters into Karanataka State. Amaraja River originates from Osmanabad district and meets to River at Bori Harani River originates from Osmanabad district and meets to River at Bori As these are seasonal Rivers and the due to unavailability of water in the Rivers it is not possible to collect water samples. Under NWMP there is no point on these rivers.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

17.3 Probable Sources of Water Pollution in Lower Bhima Sub Basin K-6

This section describes the most probable reasons of water pollution in the Lower Bhima Sub basin K-6. This shall not be considered as only limited to these but may be thought as the major sources of pollution.

17.3.1 Urban Development

There is only 05 Municipal Council in this basin namely Naldrug, Murum, Akkalkot, Maindargi & Dudhani. Sewage generated from Local Bodies located on bank of river is being disposed as it is in rivers causing great potential for river pollution.

17.3.2 Industrial wastewater

There is no any industrial area is located near the river basins. However, 04 individual industries located near the river basins. Most of the industries consume the surface water in process and for domestic use and though most of these industrial areas and industries within are equipped with wastewater treatment plants, it cannot be ruled out that there may be several incidences that this wastewater may form one of the reasons for water pollution. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board does not give permission to any industry of Industrial Area for disposal of treated industrial effluent into the River or water body.

17.3.3 Agricultural Practices

Due to the present practices of chemical based agriculture (enormous use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides), runoffs from these areas during monsoon season may meet to the river.

17.3.4 Sand Dredging

Bloom of construction industry in the recent past has led to over exploitation of river resources especially sand. Dredging in Lower Bhima Sub-basin K-6 is common practice that is supposed to lead to changes in bathymetry of the river basin (due to creation of huge voids). These voids tend to accumulate excessive water and reduces natural percolation rate ultimately affecting ground water level in surrounding areas and also leading to ingression of minerals in connected Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

water bodies leading to higher hardness. Ultimately these man-made interference slowdowns the natural water purification process of river.

17.3.5 Lack of maintaining Minimum Water Level in River

Excessive construction of Check Dams (KPT) across the river beds restricts minimal flow of water throughout the river bed thereby affecting the ecological balance of the river. The bigger picture suggests that except for the perennial flow of rain water, these rivers tend to carry sewage due to reduced dilution potential. Furthermore, stagnation of sewage waters in the river due to minimal flow also leads to percolation of this polluted water into aquifers further aggravating the situation and extending pollution from surface water to other sources

17.3.6 Algal Growth

Stagnation of water on one hand & continuous sewage flow on the other enhances the growth of algae and other similar organisms that further deteriorate the quality of river water

17.3.7 Siltation

Soil erosion due to runoffs and compounding of water due to changes in the river beds lead to possibility of increased siltation. The detritus effect of algae and other organisms at high siltation spots further leads to septic conditions adding to the pollution problems

17.4 Sewage Generation Potential

There are 05 Municipal Councils in this basin. There is no any discharge from this local body during summer and winter season, however in monsoon season surface runoff alongwith sewage may reach upto the River. Details are enclosed as an Annexure-17.1 Thus, it could be estimated that total sewage generated about 1.97 MLD is discharged into the rivers.

17.5 Industrial effluent potential As per the stipulated norms of the State Pollution Regulatory Authority, there is no any industry allowed to discharge treated/untreated effluent into the water body directly.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

The details of industrial units on the bank of rivers of Lower Bhima sub-basin (K-6) are enclosed as Annexure 17.2.

There are 04 individual units comes in this sub-basin, out of which 01 is not in operation; all industries have provided their own Effluent Treatment facilities and treated effluent is used for gardening/irrigation in their own premises. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board does not give permission to any industry of Industrial Area for disposal of treated industrial effluent into the River or water body.

17.6 Water Sampling and Quality Monitoring Stations

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board is not monitoring water quality of rivers of this basin as there is no any water sampling station designated as per NWMP program at K-6 Sub basin. Also there is no any measure industrial area in the K6-Sub basin.

17.7 Hydraulic & Organic Load

As discussed in the earlier section of this report, it has been essential to understand the extent of water usage and wastewater disposal in the treated and untreated form that has been happening in the course of this river in order to determine the present environmental status & future carrying capacity of the same. This could be achieved by calculating the theoretical organic and hydraulic loads entering the river on one hand, whereas a more systematic approach that has been used by several of the agencies has been to take up extensive monitoring and analysis of the representative sections for environmental parameterization. The scope of the present study is to theoretically calculate such hydraulic and organic load & further delineate options for its management.

Municipal sewage may be defined as “waste (mostly liquid) originating from a community; may be composed of domestic wastewaters and/or industrial discharges”. It is major source of water pollution in Ghatprabha Sub-Basin, particularly in and around large urban centers.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

17.7.1 Load Estimations for Sewage

Thus, taking an average of 80 – 85% of the water consumed to be wasted as domestic sewage, the total hydraulic load adding into the river sums up to be about 1.97 MLD.

It is essential to understand that the organic loading or strength of the sewage and/or pollution potential of the sewage is determined by a chemical parameter known as Biochemical / Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD). Based on the past experience from sewage organic loading, the total amount of BOD load as expressed in mg/Lit is found to be in the range of 200 to 250. Thus, considering the worst case scenario and assuming the BOD to be 250 Mg/Lit, the total organic load from sewage into the river body accumulates to be about 492.5 Kg/day.

Thus, in order to remove this entire BOD, theoretically 886.5 Kg/day of air shall be required to

be replenished into the river stretch (considering 20% O2 in air) assuming 100% diffusivity in order to neutralize the organic load entering the system.

17.7.2 Load Estimations for Industries

All industries have provided their own Effluent Treatment facilities and treated effluent is used for gardening/irrigation in their own premises. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board does not give permission to any industry of Industrial Area for disposal of treated industrial effluent into the River or water body. 17.8 River Water Quality of Lower Bhima Sub-Basin K-6

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board ia not monitoring water quality of rivers of this basin as there is any water sampling station as per NWMP program at K-6 Sub basin. Also there is no any measure industrial area in the K6-Sub basin.

17.9 Environment Management

Management of ecological resources is an emerging field of environmental systems development. Riverine systems have been in discussions since long but with the increasing pressures due to resource exploitation & vast development in and around the water bodies with its limited infrastructure for domestic sewage disposal have augmented the problems. Though there have been several other issues related to waste disposal, augmenting the organic as well Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

as solids load in the riverine system, the present report outlines an integrated approach for wastewater management as discussed in the following sections.

17.9.1 Control of Pollution at the Source

As the name indicates, measures shall be taken at the source itself that are leading to pollution in the water body. This is normally achieved either by optimizing the water supply in these areas as well as decentralized wastewater treatment system development. Though this option seem to be workable in long run, a detailed technical and financial feasibility of the same needs to be undertaken.

17.9.2 Sewage Treatment Plants In other words implementing control measures to avoid the discharge of the pollutants into the river. The most widely used method is the planning of Sewage Treatment Plant, where the domestic effluent shall be treated followed by discharge of treated water into the nearby water body or reused as and when applicable / required. This shall serve two fold management options. On one hand it shall serve as treatment facility for effective environmental up- gradation and on the other hand it shall also render huge amounts of dilution in the receiving water body leading to its healthy behavior.

Though sounding very easy, the evaluation of various parameters for STP is a difficult task and shall require time as well as resources including huge financial aid and thereby this option shall be considered to be a LONG TERM one. Total of about 1.6 MLD sewage is generated from Municipal Council.

17.9.3 Sewage Irrigation (Short Term Temporary Relief)

Another such option at the source management is that instead of constructing full-fledged STP, the wastewater may be primarily treated for removal of solids and pathogens (settling of solids & disinfection) & oxygenated through low cost mechanisms such as creation of turbulence through traversing wastewater in open channel restricting the flows using bunds, fountains, and/or oxidation ditch etc to be further used for irrigation purposes.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

Many studies have been carried out on the same nationally as well as internationally. Similar type of sewage based irrigation are practiced successfully in the Dharwad district of Karnataka, India as well as many other places include Greece, Pakistan, Israel, etc.

17.9.4 Control of Pollution In the Path (Short & Long Term Relief)

Many streams, nallah’s and such other water bodies converge into the river & many of them in the present case of Agrani carry sewage wastewater in monsoon, though detailed assessment of the loads needs to be done before undertaking any such measures. This particular section delineates conceptual option for In the Path treatment. These streams account for the indirect source of pollution for the river. Hence there is need of mitigation measures for the pollution of these sources. Phytoremediation is one such technology that can be used to curb the pollution of the water bodies, both static and flowing.

17.9.5 Nallah Treatment using In-situ Phytoremediation

Phytorid technology comprises of constructed phyto-filtration system which is functionally similar to the natural wetlands. This technology is based on the principle of working root systems of plants combined with the natural attenuation process. It can be used for pollution control and waste management of municipal or industrial effluents from rural as well as urban areas. Various species of aquatic plants have been utilized to attain maximum efficiency in the treatment of domestic wastes. These include species like Phramites australis, Phalaris arundinacea, Glyceria maxima, Typha spp., Scirpus spp., other common grasses etc.

17.9.6 Minimum Flow in the River

It is very essential that there is constant flow maintained in the river. It has been an experience in the past that stagnation or low flow velocities leads to anaerobic or septic conditions in water bodies leading to foul smell due to release of anaerobic end products such as methane and hydrogen sulphide. This also leads to change over of the whole aquatic flora which otherwise is aerobic in nature and ultimately increasing the BOD requirements. Hence it is very essential to maintain a minimum optimum flow in the river that shall be sufficient enough to flush the riverine system. Though the concept of optimum or minimal flow is not scientifically unclear Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

but it shall be sufficient enough to have certain amount of turbulence and flowing so as to avoid anaerobic conditions in any stretch of the river.

17.9.7 Conservation & Best Possible Options for Improvement

It shall be important that decisions regarding selection of technology for treatment of wastewater along all the identified sources shall include the end use of treated water which in most of the cases shall be for agricultural use in and geographical area of these sources.

1) Small Villages – Septic tank followed by soak pit Municipal Councils – Collection system through underground network with technologies such as Trickling Filter, Phytoremediation, Facultative Lagoon or Aerated Lagoons

Annexure 17.1 Water Consumption, Wastewater Generation and Treatment capacity

Sewage Sewage Populat Percentage Type of Name District River Generation Treatment Disposal ion Treatment Treatment MLD MLD Municipal Council In to Bori River Bori through local Naldrug Osmanbad 18341 river 0.12 Nil 0 --- nalla.

In to Benitura Benitur River through Murum Osmanbad 18371 a River 0.125 Nil 0 --- local nalla.

In to Bori River Bori Akkalkot Solapur 40,103 0.40 Nil 0 throush Local ---- River Nalla

In to Bori River Maindar Bori Solapur 12,363 0.77 Nil 0 throush Local ---- gi River Nalla

In to Bori River Bori Dudhani Solapur 12,146 0.56 Nil 0 throush Local ---- River Nalla Total 1.97 0 0

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter -17 Environment Management and Ecology

Annexure-17.2 Details of individual industries & industrial estates in Lower Bhima Sub-Basin

Nearest River Effluent Disposal Sr. Name Address Category distance Quantity ETP Status of treated No. Name in Km MLD effluent 1 M/s. Shri Murum, Tal- Red Benitura 4 Km 0.35 ETP comprising of Oil & Grease On land Vitthalsai SS Ltd, Murum, DIst- River trap, collection tank, for Osmanabad Neutralization tank, primary irrigation Clarifier, Aeration tank, Secondary purpose Clarifier & Sludge drying beds, 2 M /s. Druhti Sugar A/p Red Bori 2 Km 0.14 Industry is not in operation since On land & Distilleries Ltd., Naldurga Tq. River last 3 to 4 years. for (Lessee M/s. Tulja Tuljapur, irrigation Bhawani SSK Ltd Dist- purpose Osmanabad.

3 M/s. Matoshri A/p- Red Bori 4 Km 0.168 ETP comprising of Oil & Grease On land Laxmi Sugar & Co- Rudrewadi, River trap, collection tank, Neutrilization for gen Ltd. Tal- Akkalkot, tank, primary Clarifier, Aeration irrigation Dist- Solapur tank, Secondary Clarifier & Sludge purpose drying beds,

4 M/s. Swami A/p- Red Bori 3 Km 0.3 ETP comprising of Oil & Grease On land Samarth SSK Ltd. Dahitane, Tal- River trap, collection tank, Neutrilization for Akkalkot, tank, primary Clarifier, Aeration irrigation Dist- Solapur tank, Secondary Clarifier & Sludge purpose drying beds,

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

18 Institutional

Arrangements

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

18.1 River basin agencies

At present, five Irrigation Development Corporations are in operation in the State, river basinwise. As per the provisions in the Acts there are 20 Members in the governing council of the Corporation and it is headed by the Minister for Irrigation as Chairperson. The Members include MLAs, MLCs, Secretaries of different Departments and non-official members. One Officer not below the rank of Secretary to Government from the cadre of the Engineering Services of Water Resources Department is appointed by the State Government as the Member-Secretary to the Corporation who is called Executive Director. There is an Executive Committee to carry out the functions of the Corporation. The Corporation receives part of funds from Government and it can raise balance funds through its own resources and borrowings based on Government Guarantee.

At present these Corporations are mainly involved in developmental activities and not the management. The management of W.R. Projects, assessment and recovery of water charges is looked after by Government. Therefore, these Corporations are not having their own source of earning from the revenue received as water charges. In general, these Corporations are mostly working as one of the wings of Government.

18.2 State Water Policy, 2003

“Integrated, multi-sectoral and river basin Approach” of the State Water Policy, the water resources of the States shall be planned, developed, managed with a river basin and sub basin as the unit, adopting multi-sectoral approach and treating surface and sub-surface water with unitary approach. The State Water Policy also stipulates that the river basin agencies shall have the responsibility and authority for the integrated planning, development and management of the water resources and watersheds of their respective river basins; for flood management, drought management and operation and maintenance of water storage and delivery infrastructure. These river basin agencies shall prepare integrated river basin plans with the effective inclusion and participation of representative of all basin water user entities, categories of water users and other stake holders. Such basin plans shall include a development plan, a long-term operation plan, a monitoring plan, a comprehensive watershed management plan, an efficiency improvement and water conservation plan and a waste minimization and water quality management plan.

The MWRRA Act 2005 provides for establishing River Basin Agencies and states that River Basin Agency (RBA) means any one of the five River Basin Development Corporations operating in the river basin and includes the Government Authorities as specified by the Government from time to time.

18.3 Maharashtra Act No. XV of 1996

As per Maharashtra Act No. XV of 1996, the Maharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation Act, 1996. (MKVDC) has been established in April 1996 and as per Chapter-IV “Functions and Powers of Corporation”, various functions of the Corporation have been defined. It is felt that after the State Water Policy 2003 was spelt out, the various provisions in the Act of MKVDC (1996Act) should have been modified in accordance with State Water Policy 2003. Similarly, after the MWRRA Act 2005 was enacted, modifications in the Acts of all Irrigation Development

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Corporations should have been done. The modifications in the MKVDC Act shall be done in accordance with above (1.2). It is also felt that for effective implementation of Water Resources Development Projects with an integrated approach, the act shall also provide for magisterial powers to MKVDC (RBA).

18.4.1 Present Staffing Pattern of MKVDC

MKVDC is headed by Executive Director (a post equivalent to Secretary from engineering cadre) assisted by Chief Accounts and Finance Officer (CAFO), Accounts Officer, Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer and a few engineering and Clerical staff e.g. Deputy Engineer, Sectional Engineer, Office Supreintendent, Senior Clerks, etc. It is obvious that since the planning, implementation and monitoring of MKVDC (River Basin Authority-RBA) has to be done with multi-sectoral approach, experience shows that the present staff of MKVDC can not function with multi-sectoral and integrated approach to water resources. Under MKVDC there are Offices of Chief Engineers, Superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers for implementation of Water Resources Projects. The staff in these Offices is only from engineering cadre. It is observed that the present level of co-ordination of the Offices like MKVDC, Chief Engineer, Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer with other Departments like Geology (GSDA), Agriculture, Environment and Pollution Control Board, Industries, MJP, Zilla Parishads, Revenue, Co- operative and Banking, Agriculture Universities, Meteorology, Fisheries, Tourism, Marketing, Transportation (PWD), Municipal Corporations/Councils, Forest, MSEB, etc. is not as required for future Integrated State Water Plan. Even though MKVDC is supposed to look after irrigation management of Water Resources Projects, it is observed that at present this function is not being performed by MKVDC and needs to be include under MKVDC immediately.

18.4.2 Present Scenario

18.4.2.1 The planned utilization to in the sub basin K1 is 8266.69 Mm3(against water availability of 14632.19 Mm3@ 75% Dependibility) whereas actual use of water is Mm3 far below than planned utilization. Drought prevailing conditions are also occurring frequently in the sub basin. At present One Circle Office fully and (3) circle offices partly and (6) Divisional Offices are looking after water resources development activities partly for the sub basin. Water resources development activities are similarly looked after by other Departments also (like GSDA, Agriculture, etc.). Therefore an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for strengthening or otherwise combining various Departments for implementation of the proposed plan. In order to have integrated approach to Water Resources Development and Management, following models of MKVDC (RBA) are suggested.

Model-I – 1) In the office of MKVDC, Senior Officers from the fields of Geology, Agriculture, Engineering, Environment, Hydrology, Soils, Water Supply Department, Industries, Tourism, Revenue, Economy, Co-operative and Banking sector need to be recruited who will plan and monitor the water resources projects with an integrated approach. The MKVDC will prepare and monitor an integrated plan annually as well as a short term plan say for 5 years. A senior level Officer of the rank of Secretary who is competent in administration, management and execution who can deliver the goods may have to be posted if necessary by open advertisement. The structure of Office of MKVDC (RBA) is proposed in general will be as below –

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

i) Executive Director, to be further called as Commissioner of River Basin as head of RBA. Following Officers from various Departments will work under him who will assist in preparation and monitoring of integrated plan of Water Resources Development and Management with multi-sectoral approach. a) Chief Finance Officer to look after all financial matters related with water resources projects including credit and finance facilities. b) Joint Director/Deputy Director of Agricultural to look after all agricultural activities, economical use of water, achieving best efficiency of irrigation projects. c) Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer, Deputy Engineer from Water Resources Department. d) Executive Engineer from Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran. e) Environmental Engineer. f) Officer from Co-operative, Fisheries, Tourism, Revenue (for LA and R&R) and Marketing, Industries Department each. g) Senior Geologist (for Ground Water Management). h) Socio-economic expert preferably Agricultural Economist. i) Statistician. j) Executive Engineer from M S E Dist Co. Ltd. (Old MSEB). If any assistance from officers of departments other than above is required, it shall be made mandatory for other departments to give such assistance as and when required for preparation and monitoring of the integrated plan.

2) Similar Officers as above from various fields also will have to be recruited in the Office of Chief Engineers, Superintending Engineers, Executive Engineers for implementations and monitoring of the water resources projects as planned by MKVDC as above (1). Officers at appropriate levels from various Departments will also have to be posted in the Offices of Chief Engineers, Superintending Engineers, Executive Engineers, etc. who will implement the plan with respect to their Department.

Model-II – 1) Senior Officers from various fields as mentioned in Para 1 above under head of RBA will prepare and monitor an integrated plan of water resources project. The present structure of Offices of Chief Engineers, Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineer, etc. may continue for implementation of water resources projects. However, the implementation of water resources project with respect to subjects/parameters other than engineering will have to be looked after by the respective Departments like Geology, Agriculture, MJP, Environment, Industries, Co-operative, etc. Departments entrusted with implementation of the above plan will however be accountable and answerable to RBA.

18.4.2.2 The proposed organizational structure of River Basin Authority is as under below–

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

PROPOSED ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF RBA

MASTER PLAN – REVIEW COMMITTE

M.D.KVRBA ( Chairman )

S.E. KVRBA ( Secretary )

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14

Member Agri. G.W. W.C. MJP MIDC Fisheries MTDC Z.P. Urban MPCB Hydrology Revenue Energy

W.R.D. Centers

M1 M4 M8 M12

WRD W.C. MTDC Hydrology

1.DG, MERI 1.C.E. W.C. 1.Regional 1. C.E.HP Manager Pune 2.DG, Walmi

3.CE, WRDC M5 M9 M13 4.C.E, Hydro

MJP Z.P. Revenue 5. C.E., W.R.D. 1.C.E. MJP 1.C.E.O. Z.P. 1.Collector 6.C.E., CADA Satara

7. C.E.N .M.R.

8. S.E., DIRD M10 M6 M14 Urban Centers MIDC Energy M2 1.Commissioner & 1.C.E. MIDC 1.C.E. Agriculture CO

1.Joint Director M11

M3 M7 MPCB GSDA Fisheries 1.Regional Manager 1.Dy.Director 1.Joint Director Pune Satara

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) CHAPTER 18 - INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

1.4.2.3 The Krishna Sub Basins are grouped together are implementation of IDMWR. The implementation of this group will be done by committing as mentioned below

18.4.2.3 The Krishna Sub Basins are grouped together are implementation of IDMWR. The implementation of this group will be done by committing as mentioned below.

Chief Engineer (WR) ,Chairman

M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 Member Agri. G.W. W.C. MJP MIDC Fisheries MTDC Z.P. Forest MPCB Revenue Energy Urban Secretary Center

M1 M5 M9 M12 WRD MJP Z.P. Revenue Executive S.E. MJP Addl. C.E.O. Addl. Collector Engineer Z.P. Satara Satara

M2 M6 M10 M13 Agriculture MIDC Forest Energy Joint Director S.E. MIDC Chief S.E. MSEB Satara Satara Conservator Satara of forest Kolhapur

M3 M7 M11 M14 GSDA Fisheries MPCB Urban Center Dy.Director Asst. Regional Commissioner & Satara Commissioner Manager Chief Officer of Satara Pune corporation &

Muncipality

M4 M8 W.C. MTDC S.E. Regional Minor Irrigation Manager Pune (Local Sector) Pune

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

19 Use of Modern Tool

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

CHAPTER-19 — USE OF MODERN TOOLS

19.1. Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS in Integrated Management of Water Resources

In developing countries like India, with increasing population and living standards, the demand for water is growing exponentially. The optimal management of water resources becomes absolute necessary to meet the growing demand for which basin wise integrated planning and management is required. Remote sensing based inputs have been significantly contributing to the water resources development, planning and management. The major areas of applications in the field of water resource includes Irrigation infrastructure monitoring, Basin-level water resources assessment, Flood forecasting and inundation modeling, Water bodies monitoring, GLOF studies, Irrigation performance assessment, Reservoir capacity loss assessment, River basin planning & development. and Hydrologic modeling. GIS and remote sensing techniques are effectively used to replace, complement and supplement data collection in various facets of different kinds of water resources projects. This chapter describes the design and implementation of a GIS-based system for water resources management. The system can help water resource manager to appreciate the potential of remote sensing capabilities for application in the management of precious water wealth. The system can dynamically monitor water and provide decision support for precious water management. It has obvious economic, environmental and social benefits. Water resources are the basis of sustainable development of society and economy. It is recognized from the present situation that the key issue is the management. In fact, Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) can play important role to water resources management, such as surface water, groundwater, investigation, dynamic monitoring of ecology and estimation of water, amount necessary for keeping and recovering ecological environment, existing irrigation area investigation and irrigation planning, soil moisture and drought monitoring, investigation of soil salinization, planning, monitoring and effect evaluation of returning cultivated and to forest or grassland, dynamic monitoring of desertification and soil erosion, variation of river course and sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs, site selection of water project and its planning, design, construction and management. What follows is relatively detail introduction in several aspects. The rapid development of spatial technologies in recent years has made available new tools and capabilities to Extension services and clientele for management of spatial data. In particular, the evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies has enabled the collection and analysis of field data in ways that were not possible before the advent of the computer. Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

GIS applications enable the storage, management, and analysis of large quantities of spatially distributed data. These data are associated with their respective geographic features. For example, water quality data would be associated with a sampling site, represented by a point. Data on crop yields might be associated with fields or experimental plots, represented on a map by polygons. A GIS can manage different data types occupying the same geographic space. For example, a biological control agent and its prey may be distributed in different abundances across a variety of plant types in an experimental plot. The power of a GIS lies in its ability to analyze relationships between features and their associated data (Samson, 1995). This analytical ability results in the generation of new information, as patterns and spatial relationships are revealed. GIS provides support for our engineering projects which include comprehensive watershed and flood protection planning, design and analysis including complex hydraulics, fluvial geomorphology, river and stream mechanics analysis, hydrologic modeling, design of new and innovative hydraulic facilities, and urban storm water management systems.GIS is a powerful tool for developing solutions for water resources such as assessing water quality and managing water resources on a local or regional scale. Hydrologists use GIS technology to integrate various data and applications into one, manageable system. GPS technology has provided an indispensable tool for management of water resources and natural resources. GPS is a satellite and ground-based radio navigation and locational system that enable the user to determine very accurate locations on the surface of the Earth. Although GPS is a complex and sophisticated technology, user interfaces have evolved to become very accessible to the non-technical user. To sustain the Earth's environment while balancing human needs requires better decision making with more up-to-date information. Gathering accurate and timely information has been one of the greatest challenges facing both government and private organizations that must make these decisions. The Global Positioning System (GPS) helps to address that need.

Data collection systems provide decision makers with descriptive information and accurate positional data about items that are spread across many kilometers of terrain. By connecting position information with other types of data, it is possible to analyze many environmental problems from a new perspective. Position data collected through GPS can be imported into geographic information system (G1S) software, allowing spatial aspects to be analyzed with other information to create a far more complete understanding of a particular situation that might be possible through conventional means.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

19.2. Role of satellite Remote Sensing for Water Resources Management

Measurements from satellite remote sensing provide a means of observing and quantifying land and hydrological variables over geographic space and support their temporal description. Remote sensing instruments capture up welling electromagnetic radiation from earth surface features which is either reflected or emitted. The former is reflected solar radiation and the latter is in thermal infrared and microwave portions of electro-magnetic spectrum. Active microwave radars obtain reflected/returned microwave signals. The reflected solar energy is used for mapping land & water resources like land use, land cover, forests, snow & glaciers, surface water features, geologic & geomorphologic features, water quality, etc. The thermal emission in the infrared is used for surface temperature, energy fluxes and microwave for soil moisture, snow & glacier, flood. etc.

Remote sensing has several advantages over field measurements. First, measurements derived from remote sensing are objective; they are not based on opinions. Second, the information is collected in a systematic way which allows time series and comparison between schemes. Third, remote sensing covers a wide area such as entire river basin. Ground studies are often confined to a small pilot area because of the expense and logistical constraints. Fourth, information can be aggregated to give a bulk representation, or disaggregated to very fine scales to provide more detailed and explanatory information related to spatial uniformity. Fifth, information can be spatially represented through geographic information systems, revealing information that is often not apparent when information is provided in tabular form.

Towards evolving and supporting comprehensive water management strategies space technology plays a crucial role. Systematic approaches involving judicious combination of conventions ground measurements and remote sensing techniques pave way for achieving optimum planning and operations of water resources projects remote sensing has shown enormous promise for providing wealth of data and information that

Were deficient with the in-situ observations. It has also been a valuable tool in many hydrologic modeling applications due to its capability of providing unrestricted collection of information with wide spatial coverage and temporal revisit. Earth observation Satellite (EOS) data has been extensively used to map surface water bodies, monitor their spread and estimate the volume of water. The SWIR band of AWIFIS sensor in IRS P6 was found to be useful in better discrimination of snow and could, besides delineating the transition and patch in snow covered area. Snow-melt runoff forecasts are being made using IRS-WiFS/AWiFS and NOAA/AVHRR data. These forecasts enable better planning of water resources by the respective water management boards. Monitoring reservoir spread through seasons has helped to assess the storage loss due to sedimentation, updating of rating curves. Satellite data derived spatial and temporal information on cropping pattern, crop intensity and condition forms basic inputs for developing indicators for agricultural performance of the irrigation systems and bench marking of systems. Satellite data derived geological and hydro-geomorphologic features assist prospecting the ground water resources Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

to plan aquifer recharging, water harvesting and drinking water sources. High resofution satellite data remarkably augmented the remote sensing services extending it to infrastructure planning management. The overall applications of RS & GIS in water resources sector can be broadly categorized into the following:

• Water Resources Assessment • Water Resources Management • Water Resources Development • Watershed Management • Flood Disaster Support • Environmental Impact Assessment & Management • Water Resources Information & Decision Support Systems Table 19.1 provides the details of Sensors/satellites data suitable for Water Resources Management.

Table 19.1 Sensors Satellites data suitable for Water Resources Management

Application Satellite and Sensor • Field/Plot boundaries Cartosat-1 & 2 0 PAN • Irrigation network/infrastructure Ikonos, QuickBird

• Cartographic information SPOT(PAN)

• Micro-scale features

• Land use IRS, Landsat, SPOT, ASTER, CBERS • Land cover • Surface water resources • Crop identification • Crop yield/condition • Soil salinity • Water logging

• Evapotranspiration NOAA, Aqua, Terra, Landsat, ASTER, • Soil moisture CBERS

• Surface roughness ERS ERS, Radarsat, RISAT • Soil moisture • Flood inundation IRS, Landsat, SPOT, ERS, Radarsat, JERS, • River bank erosion RISAT IRS, Landsat, SPOT, Cartosat01 *2 • River control works Cartosat-1&2, Ikonos, Quickbird Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

• Surface Water IRS, Landsat, SPOT, ASTER, NOAA, Aqua. • Snow cover Terra

• Glaciers

• Snow depth ERS, Radarsat, JERS, RISAT • Snow water equivalent

• Water quality IRS, Landsat, SPOT • Precipitation TERMM, METEOSAT

Various applications have been developed, since last 3 decades, wherein SRS date is being put into use to provide quantitative and reliable information, there by facilitating improved water resources management.

• Surface water resources - Water bodies - Wetlands • Irrigation water management - Inventory of Irrigated Agriculture -Performance Evaluation & Bench Marking - Monitoring Intervention Schemes - Near Real- Time Monitoring - Surface Water Logging - Soil Salinity/Alkalinity -Irrigation Infrastructure Mapping - Assessment of Irrigation Potential creation - Pre-feasibility studies -Actual Evapotranspiration estimation (R&D level) - Irrigation Information System (R &D level) • Reservoir Sedimentation - Assessment of Sedimentation - Updation of Elevation-Area-Capacity Curve - Estimation of Reservoir Capacity - Assessment of Rate of Siltation - Assessment of Life of Reservoir - Reservoir Catchment Analysis -impact of Foreshore Cultivation • Hydro -Power generation - Submergence area analysis - Inputs for pre-feasibility assessment -Inputs for ranking studies -EIA studies • Interlinking of rivers - Pre-feasibility studies Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

-Canal alignment studies -Submergence area analysis -Land irrigability - Inputs for Detailed Project Reports • Flood disaster monitoring and management -Flood inundation mapping & monitoring -Flood hazard zonation -Flood forecasting - Flood inundation simulation - Disaster management and support

19.3. Measurement Of Sugar Cane Crop Using Satellite 19.3.1. Remote Sensing And GIS Technique (Case Study of Khadakwasala Project) The sugarcane crop mapping using remote sensing technique has been carried out by Remote Sensing Division, at MERI Nashik for the command areas of irrigation projects. The surveys based on remote sensing data are faster, economical and it covers large area. The present study covers the sugarcane crop mapping for Khadakwasala project of Upper Bhima Basin. Accordingly the work has been included in the Annual Research Programme of MERI of 2011-2012. The IRS multi date LISS-III images covering the gross command area to identify sugarcane crop acreage are used in this study. These results derived by this method are useful for checking the field crop acerage data collected by management divisions. 19.3.2. Objective The objective is to identify and measure sugarcane crop in the command area of Khadakwasala Project through satellite remote sensing and to generate Village-wise statistics for the sugarcane crop area. 19.3.3. Command area Mutha river originates near Western Ghat in Pune District. Khadakwasala dam has been built in 1880 across Mutha River which is located 18 km away from Pune city. It has maximum height of dam is 31.76 metres. The dam site is locateds at latitude 18°-18'N Longitude 73°-47'-11" E. The fields are irrigated through new Mutha right bank canal.The command spreads in four talukas of Pune District viz. haveli with 23 villages, Baramati with 02 villages, Indapur with 64 villages and Daund with 76 villages.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

19.3.4. DATA PREPARATION 4.1 Field Data Following data has been obtained from field authority and other agencies. i) Index map of project along with the command area for precise geographic location of study area. ii) Salient Features of the Project. iii) Toposheet numbers of Khadakwasala command area. iv) List of villages fall under Khadakwasala command area. v) The digital Village Maps in vector form for Haveli, Baramati, Indapur and Daund Talukas available with RSGID, MERI 4.2 Selection of Satellite Data Based on the general practice of sugarcane cultivation prevailing in command area under study, sugarcane crop cycle for different varieties is tabulated as below Table 19.2: Sugarcane Crop Life Cycle For Different Varieties Sr.No Season Time of Duration Variety Delta(cm) planting (months) 1 Suru Jan-Feb 12 Co86032,phuleG- 250-275 2 265,Sanjvani 2 Pre- seasonal Oct-Nov 15 Sampada, sanjavani, 275-325 co-419 co-86032 3 Adsali July-Aug 18 Co-746,co-94014 325-350 4 Ratoon /Khodwa Feb- March 12-15 4Co746,Co86032, etc 250-275

Sugarcane crop life cycle is as below 1. Germination phase - planting to 60 days. 2. Formative phase - 60 to130 days. 3. Grand phase - 130 to 250 days. 4. Maturity phase - 250 to365 days. More water is required in phase 2&3. In the present study it is decided to map the sugarcane crop standing from November 2011 to May 2012. Selection of satellite data is done based on sugarcane crop cycle. First satellite image of initial period of the crop year selected is of the date 8th November 2011, second image of the date 19th January2012 and third image of the date 31st March 2012, of Path 95 Row 59 The adjoining path satellite image of date 13th November 2011, 24th January 2012 and 5th April 2012 of Path 96 Row 60 are used for other half of command area.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

19.3.5 METHODOLOGY: 5.1 Flow Chart It is used for identification, measuring and mapping of Sugarcane Crop using Remote Sensing Technique

Geo coded Remote Sensing Data

Ground Truth Information

Identification of GCPs Defining Training Sets

Map - Image Signature Generation Transformation

Refinement in Training Digitization of Com Area Maps No Class seperability Analysis Over laying of village Maps

Class seperability

Maximum Likelyhood Classification

Generation of Class Statistics

Village wise sugarcane crops Acreage Estimation

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

5.2 Subseting Area of Interest

Subsets are taken from these Lieo-coded images so as to contain only the study area for the ease of manipulation of data.

5.3 Land Use & Land cover Classification Using Satellite Image

Depending on various shades of colours seen in the False Colour Composite (FCC) of the image classification is carried out. Digital values of pixels of evenly distributing training samples and standard class signatures are used for LU/LC classification in eight classes.

Table 19.3 Signature of Sugarcane Area in Satellite Data

Sr. Height of Sugarcane Period Variety Signature in No image

1 4' and above 5 months or Planted during Bright red or more fully July to magenta grown with December and bright signature ratoon harvested early.

2 2' to 4' Less than 5 Planted during Red or pale red months but December to more than 3 January and / or months Khodva of harvested late.

3 Less than 2' Less than 3 Planted during Reddish black months February to or black March and / or

Khodva of harvested after February

Land use / Land cover classes

1) Medium bright red — Crop2 —Confirmed sugarcane

2) Bright red — Crop l —wheat, maize, banana.

3) Faint red and pink — vegetation] —other vegetation 2 and crops

4) Gray white patches — urban land

5) White- sugarcane waste

6) Green —Blackish- empty agricultural lands-Fallow land.

7) Cyan-Greenish-white lands generally away from agricultural lands- Barren land Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

8) Blue -Water in lakes and river- Blue, Bluish and Black-Water.

The RESOURCESAT-2 LISS-111 image of November 2011 is classified for sugarcane crop. Similarly Satellite image of January 2012 is interpreted for sugarcane crop and other land use classes. Classified data of first image helps in interpreting sugarcane area of second image at higher confidence level.

5.4 Aggregation of Classified Two Date Images

The two-season scenes of command area depicted through two classified images of November 2011 and January 2012 are available. The period of maturity of sugarcane varies from 12 months to 18 months. Sometimes due to delay in harvesting, sugarcane crop may be seen standing for few months although it is ready for harvesting. It is seen that sugarcane is at various stages of growth in field throughout the year. Various types of mixed vegetation have been observed along rivers and nalas where drainage density is more.Some of these vegetation remains green even in summer. Besides sugarcane, some other crops are also grown. It is also observed during field visit that sugarcane and fodder crops are shown on the same field. Due to complexity of the irrigation practice it has been experienced that classification of sugarcane crop in command area with a single date satellite image with reasonable accuracy is difficult.

Logical Decision Rules Used For Aggregation of Two Season Images

Images:1: 8th &] 3`h November 2011 Images:2: 19th & 24th January 2012 Result Crop with less vigour Crop with increased vigour Sugarcane Crop with vigour Crop with vigour Sugarcane Fallow or harvested field Crop with vigour Sugarcane Crop with less vigour Fallow or sugarcane waste field Other crop Crop with vigour Fallow or sugarcane waste field Other crop

To prepare a composite classified image, a MATRIX image is created from the 2 classified images. This matrix image contains 121(1 1 X I I) possible combinations of classes. After applying above described logic, the various class combinations are recoded and reduced to following 8 classes. Class 1- Water, Class 2- Urban/Barren, Class 3- Vegetation, Class 4- Forest, Class 5- Fallow, Class 6- Crop-Waste, Class 7- Cropl, Class 8- Cropll Sugarcane.

5.5 Use of Third Image For Aggregation

Experience of previous study shows that use of three images of different dates gives good accuracy in sugarcane mapping. Use of only two images may result in under / over estimation of sugarcane crop in small areas where harvesting of sugarcane is delayed with practice of second year sugarcane crop. If harvesting of first year sugarcane crop is delayed in some areas, the preparation of land for second year plant (Khodava) is also delayed. In the second satellite image such lands cannot be identified for any crop as the growth of plants is very low. It is also the case with late new plantation of sugarcane. If the growth is not vigorous, but only moderate or normal, these plants cannot be identified in the field as sugarcane. Fruit gardens such as Sapota, Coconut, Banana, Grape and Pomegranate gardens area resembles with sugarcane resulting in over estimation. Third image helps to separate these fruit gardens from sugarcane. Third image of date 31st March 2012 and 5th April 2012 are used here. Similar procedure is followed for classification, aggregation, etc. The previous recoded image and the third image are used and matrix image is prepared. Classified land use and cover image is Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

shown in Fig 2 and final supervised image showing sugarcane crop is shown in Fig 3 enclosed in annexure.

5.6 Generation of Area Statistics

Recoded composite image showing the land use classes is prepared. Then digital village map in vector form is overlaid on the image. The village-wise statistics of areas of land uses in each village is obtained using SUMMARY module in GIS ANALYSIS. Data is edited in MS Excel to present in a tabular form (Annexure I). 6.00 FIELD VISIT FOR GROUND TRUTH VERIFICATION. A field has been conducted for ground truth data collection on 26th to 31th December 201-2.The locations have been confirmed with the help of Trimble JUNO handheld GPS receiver (details are given in Annexure II). The information about the standing crop on the field has been noted. Photographic record about ground truth points is also maintained. Following personnel from MERE carried out the Ground Truth data Collection. Shri. S.G.Wagh, Asst. Engr. II, Shri. B.F. Nagare, Draftsman Grade - I. Following personnel from Khadakwasala Irrigation Division coordinated the activity. Shri S.M.kale, ShriS.G.Padadhalmal, Shri S.G.Pisal all Sectional Engineers and Canal Inspectors of Khadakwasala Irrigation Division.

19.3.6. RESULTS

The methodology adopted using the remote sensing technique with three season's images of LISS III sensor is used to give fairly accurate results at village level. The village level area of sugarcane in the command area thus mapped is shown in following table no.4.In general the error that may occur in RS based technology is in the range of 10 to 15 %. The village level database then prepared can be used for periodical mapping of sugar cane. The Sugarcane acreage measured works out to 26235.13 ha. Village-wise area statements are attached as annexure- 19.1

Table 19.4 Summary of Results

Sr. District Taluka No. of Area of Sugarcane by No. Villages Village in Ha SRS in Ha

1 Pune Haveli 23 25424. 2842. 2 Baramati 2 4618. 283. 3 Daund 76 93149. 14542. 4 Indapur 64 71657.20 8568. Total 165 194849. 26235.

19.4.0.:- Real-time data acquisition system: 19.4.1 The Water Resources Department (WRD) of Government of Maharashtra (GoM) is entrusted with the surface water resources planning, development and management. A large number of major, medium and minor water resources development projects (reservoirs and weirs) have been constructed in Maharashtra. Though, the reservoirs in Maharashtra are not Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

specifically provided with flood cushion, they have moderated flood peaks to considerable extent by proper reservoir operations. The reservoirs are multipurpose including hydropower, irrigation, domestic and industrial uses and are operated with rigid schedules as single entities based on the historical hydro-meteorological data and experience gained. These methods are often not adequate for establishing optimal operational decisions, especially where integrated operation of multiple reservoirs for flood management is contemplated. In addition, manual data observation and transmission results in a considerable time lag, between data observed in field and its communication to decision making level which sometime leaves little time, for flood forecasts. The Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of India (Gol) has initiated Hydrology Project Phase II (HP-II), which is a follow-on to the concluded Hydrology Project-I (HP-I:1995-2003). During HP-I, the Hydrological Information System (HIS) was developed for the entire state of Maharashtra and the data is monitored manually 1-2 times a day. Validated hydro meteorological data is being made available for planning and management of water resources of the state in scientific manner. Data is also being made available for research activities and other water resources purposes. Under HP-II project, Decision Support System (DSS) for water resources planning and management is developed for Upper Bhima basin as a pilot. During the Mid-term review taken by World Bank in October 2009 as a part of India Hydrology Project -II, the Real time decision support system comprising of Real Time Stream flow Forecasting and Reservoir Operation System based on real time data acquisition system was proposed for Krishna bhima basin of state.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

Fig – 19.1

Fig – 19.2

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

Fig – 19.3

19.4.2:- Implementation in Krishna Basin :- In Krishna and Bhima Basins total 249 Real time hydro meteorological data collection stations (RTDAS) are installed and commissioned under HP II (viz. Automated Rainfall Stations, Automated Full Climate Stations, Automated River /canal Water Level (Stage) & Discharge Station, Automated Reservoir Water Level & Outflow Discharge Stations). Also spillway gates of dams are now equipped with gate sensors. The rainfall, climate parameters (viz. max min temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, wind direction, barometric pressure, solar radiation), water level of reservoir and river gauging sites, gate sensor opening for spillway gates are measured using sensors. The sensors are installed at prominent locations in the basins (rivers, dams, dam catchments, etc.). The data is collected and transmitted in real time through VSAT/GSM mode. The conceptual picture of RTDAS is shown below.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

Fig – 19.4

19.5.0. Data collection and Validation by Hydrology Project, Nashik.

19.5.1. Introduction:-

The data like rain fall, river gauge is collected by Hydrology project Nashik. This data is processed and validated at various levels using software called SWDES, HYMOS.

19.5.2. Primary Validation: It is done at Sub divisional level. Observed data is entered in software SWDES ((Surface Water Data Entry System). All observed parameters are checked against maximum, minimum, upper boundary & lower boundary limits.

19.5.3. Secondary Validation: It is done at divisional level. After primary validation data is exported to software HYMOS (Hydrological Modeling system) and using this software secondary validation is carried out.

For rainfall Special homogeneity test is conducted for group of stations having same topography, same altitude. Test station is compared with other stations in the vicinity of 20 to 25 sqkm area. Difference between estimated and observed rainfall is compared with respect to standard deviation. Standard deviation allowed is 20%. Greater than 20% Standard deviation observed values are to be checked.

• Gauge discharge data — Rating curve i.e. stage discharge curve is prepared from observed stage discharge data & it is compared with previous 5 years rating curves.

19.5.4. Hydrological validation: It is done at Hydrometeorological Data Processing Division, Nashik using HYMOS software.

• Average rainfall by Theissen polygon over the catchment of Gauge Discharge station (MPC) is calculated. From rating curve discharge is calculated and from the discharge runoff depth (HRD) is calculated. NIPC > HRD i.e. Rainfall > Runoff is the final check.

19.5.5.Interagency Validation: Climatic data sent to IMD and Gauge discharge data sent to CWC for interagency validation. Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

19.5.6. Procedure of validation: Climatic data validation done on monthly basis and rainfall & gauge discharge data validation done on yearly basis.

19.5.7. Data Storage & Dissemination: After these validation data sent to Data Storage Center for Storage & dissemination. WISDOM (Water information System Data Online Management) software is used for data storage & data dissemination. All information is available on our website www.mahahp.org Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

Annexure 19.1

Locations of Ground Truth and Field Visit for Sugarcane Mapping in Command of Khadakwasala Dam Ground truth features Longitude (crop/barrenland/fallowl g S.N Village Taluka and/ vegetation/etc) Latitude ha Size of plot in Remark

° ° 1 Theur Haveli Sugarcane 18 31' 18.3" 74 03' 12.5" 5

74°03' 15.3" 2 Theur Haveli Guava T-8-°31' 18.3" 4

--- 3 Naigaon Haveli Sugarcane W 74°04'34.3" Haveli ° 74°04'51.8" 4 Naigaon Sugarcane 18 31' 01" 5 74°07'58.5" 5 Urali Kanchan Haveli 30' 29.5" Grass 10 29' 52.6" 2 2 6 Koregaon Haveli Sugarcane 18° 31' 40.2" 74° 07'44" 5

1 ° 7 Ashtapur Haveli Sugarcane 18° 32' 42" 74 08'5.5"

°2 ° Hingangaon Haveli Sugarcane 18 32' 20.4" 74 09'23.7" 4

9 Khamgaon Tek Haveli Sugarcane 18 31' 40.2" 74° 10'56" 5 10 Khamgaon Tek Haveli Sugarcane 18 31' 46.6" 74°10'36.5" 5 11 Yawat Daund Sugarcane 18°28' 38.8" 74°15' 41.8" 5

° 74°14' 18.2" 10 12 Kasurdi Daund Sugarcane 18 28' 56.3"

13 Sahajpur Daund Banana 18°29' 14.4" 74° 10' 7.8" 2

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

S.N Village Taluka Ground truth features Latitude Longitude Size of plot in Remark (crop/barrenland/fallowland/ ha vegetation/etc)

14 Yawat Station Daund Sugarcane 18 29' 49.1" 74° 16' 11.4" 4 15 Yawat Station Daund Wheat 18° 30' 52.4" 74° 16' 41.4" 1.5 16 Pimpalgaon Daund Sugarcane 18 33' 51.1" 74° 16' 45.6"

°7 , ,, 17 Nathachiwadi Daund S u g a r c ane 18 31' 56.7" 74017 38.7 4 18 Khutbav Daund Wheat 18° 30' 42.5" 74018, 55.5,, 1.5 19 Galandwadi Daund Sugarcane 18°31'19.3" 74°20' 2.2" 4 20 Kedgaon Daund Wheat 18° 29'58.5" 74°21' 7.2" 1.5 21 Warwand Daund Harvesting stage Sugarcane 18° 26' 45.7" 74° 25' 7.1" 2

° 22 Patas Daund Horticulture 18° 26'31.6" 74 28' 36.4" 2

° ° 2 23 Betwadi Daund Sugarcane 18 27'16.2" 74 30' 42.5"

° 24 Girim Daund Sugarcane 18 27'27.1" 74° 31' 53.6" 3 ° 25 Nanwij Daund Sugarcane 18° 29' 5.4" 74 31' 57.2" 4 74° 40' 29.6" 26 Deulgaon Daund Jawar -17 2 5 ' 46.6" 5 27 Shirapur Daund Sugarcane 18° 27'6.1" 74°43' 11.1" 3

28 Khadaki Daund Wheat 18°21'2.5" 74039, 13.7" 1.5

° 31 2 29 Chincholi Swami Daund Jawari 18 19' . " 74°43' 35.9" 2 Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter-19 — Use of modern tools

S.N Village Taluka Ground truth features Latitude Longitude Size of plot in Remark (crop/barrenland/fallowland/ ha vegetation/etc)

30 Bhigwan Indapur Vegetation 18° 18'16.1" 74° 45' 40.8" 10

31 Bhigwan Indapur Sugarcane 18 19'20" 74° 46' 36.4" 3 18 19 41.7 1 ° 32 Rajegaon Indapur Sugarcane 4 74 46' 41.8"

° 33 Madanwadi Indapur Sugarcane 18 17' 3.2" 740 44' 2.6" 5 34 Dalaj 2 Indapur Mix crop 18° 13'38.5" 74° 47' 38.9" 1

° 35 Palase-A, Indapur Wheat, Sugarcane 18 12'56.3" 74° 53' 7.9" 1

° 36 Loni Indapur Jawar 18 12' 32" 74° 54' 36.8" 5

18° 15.8" 37 Varkute (Bk) Indapur Pomogranate 11' 74° 56' 13.4" 3 38 Bijwadi Indapur Grapes 18° 09'14.3" 74° 57' 52.9" 10

° 39 Konkulwadi Indapur Vegetables,Pomogranate I 8 07' 48.3" 74° 57' 22.7" 2

° 40 Indapur Indapur Sugarcane 18 07' 43.6" 75° 00' 27.7" 3

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

21 Water Balance

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-21 Water balance

CHAPTER-21 WATER BALANCE

21.0 Introduction

Water Balance estimation is an important tool to assess the current status and trends in water resource availability in an area over specific period of time. This chapter deals with availability of surface water ,present use for various purposes, future requirement of water by 2030 and the balance water.

21.1 Yield in the Sub basin

The gross yield as approved by Chief Engineer, Planning and Hydrology, Nashik is given below

Table 21.1 Yield in the sub basin Sr 57.9 Dependability 50% 65% 75% No %(Average) Yield in Mm3 332.8 242.8 178.09 94.13

21.2 Availability and use of water

The planned use in thesubbasin in finalised in view of allocation of water by Krishna Water Dispute Tribunal I. The availibility and use of water is as follows

TABLE- 21.2- Availability of Water All figures in Mm3 Present Planning (2030) Particular Dependability Dependability

Average Average 75% 75% (57.9 %) (57.9 %)

1) Surface Water Maximum a) Permissible use 274.39 274.39 274.39 274.39 as per KWDT I b) Recycling : Domestic 13.48 13.48 22.54 22.54 Industrial 3.90 3.90 3.90 3.90 Total of (b) 17.38 17.38 26.44 26.44

Import from c) other sub basin

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-21 Water balance

i) Import from Ekarukh LIS to 36.10 36.10 36.10 36.10 Kurnoor Project ii) Import from Krishna 56.64 56.64 56.64 56.64 Marathwada Irrigation Project d) Regenaration 33.34 33.34 60.34 60.34

G.Total (a) to (d) 417.85 417.85 453.91 453.91

2) Ground Water 321.00 321.00 321.00 321.00

G. Total (1) to (2) 738.85 738.85 774.91 774.91

21.3 Sectorial Water demands for Surface and Ground water

Sectorial Water demands for Surface and Ground water is as given below

Table- 21.3 – Sectorial Water Demands All figures in Mm3

Water Utilization at Present Water Utilization Planned By 2030 S.N. Particular Surface Ground Total Surface Ground Total

1 Domestic 16.85 20.56 37.41 28.17 37.1165.28 2 Industrial 4.00 0.00 4.00 4.00 0.004.00 3 Agriculture 419.48 279.44 698.92 571.26 283.89855.15 Total 440.33 300.00 740.33 603.43 321.00924.43

4 Export 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00

5 Grand Total 440.33 300.00 740.33 603.43 321.00 924.43

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-21 Water balance

21.4 Water Available for future use

Table No 21.4 Water availibility for future use

All figures in Mm3

Water Utilization at Present Water Utilization Planned By 2030

S.N Particular

Surface Ground Total Surface Ground Total

Net water available for Future use at 75% 1 -22.48 0 -22.48 -149.52 0 -149.52 dependability (417.33-440.33)

21.5 Per capita availability of water

The per capita availability of water is worked out for present and future (2030) population as below

Table-21.5 – Per capita availability of water

Population Population Per Capita availability of water 2011 2030 (Cum)

2011 2030

729674 1024642 999 756

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-21 Water balance

21.6 Water availability per ha of Cultivable area

The Water availability per ha of Cultivable area is as given below. The criterion for categorization of basin is as per II nd commission for water and irrigation, these norms are given in table 21.7

Table-21.6 – Water availability per Ha of Cultivable area

Water CCA Water Availability Cum per Ha Category of Availability Sub basin at 75 % Dep. Mm3 Lakh. Ha

274.39 3.43 800 Highly Deficit

Table 21.7 Norms for Categorization of Basin

Sr.No Surface Water Availability Unit Category of Basin From To Less than Cum/Ha Highly Deficit 1 1500 2 1500 3000 Cum/Ha Deficit 3 3000 8000 Cum/Ha Normal 4 8000 12000 Cum/Ha Surplus More than Cum/Ha Abundant 5 12000

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

22 Financial Aspects

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

CHAPTER-22 – FINANCIAL ASPECTS 22.1 FINANCIAL PLANNING

This section deals with investments made in the Field of water resources. Investments made by state sector department of water consignments department & agriculture department completed & ongoing schemes & on future schemes is discussed as below.

22.1.1 STATE SECTOR SCHEMES

The status of state sector schemes with reference to cost, expenditure, irrigation potential, allocation etc. is as given in following Tables as below.

State Sector Schemes executed by (WRD)

A) Completed Schemes Table-22.1– Completed Schemes Part of Category No. of Latest Expenditure Balance Provision Irrigation Dist. projects Cost by end of Cost for potential falling (Crores) 03/2014 (2014-15) created in sub (2014) (ha.) basin Agrani Sangli Major ------Medium 7 39.50 39.50 -- -- 14651 Minor 109 311.11 311.11 -- -- 41554 Total 116 350.61 350.61 -- -- 56205

Cost per ha. for completed schemes is

Table-22..2 - Expenditure and Potential Created

Part of Dist. Expenditure Irrigation Area of Population Cost per Cost per falling (Crores) Potential Sub Basin of Sqkm Capita in sub (ha.) (Sqkm) Sub Basin in Sub (Rs.) basin (2011) Basin (Rs.) Agrani Osmanabad 350.61 56205 3564 801097 9.83 lakh 0.04 lakh and Solapur

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

B) On-going Schemes

Table-22.3 – Status of Expenditure for Ongoing Projects

Sr.No Category No. of Latest Expend-- Balance Provisio Projected Irrigation Projects Cost iture by end Cost n Irrigation potential (Crores) of 03/2014 (Crores) for potential created (ha.) (2014) (Crores) 2014-15 (ha.) (Crores)

1 Krishna 1 889 250 639 90 9770 - Marathwada Irrigation Schemes Major Project Major Project 2 Ekrukhi to Kurnoor 1 85 70 15 15 101.00 -- 3 Minor 9 45 4 41 0 3527 Total 11 1019 324 695 105 23397 -

Cost required for creation of irrigation potential per ha. Rs. 4.36 lakhs

C) Future Schemes (Administratively approved but not started & Future)

Table-22.4 - Future Schemes (Administratively approved but not started)

Category No. of Estimated Balance Irrigation Projects Cost Cost Potential (Crores) (Crores) (ha.) Major 1 2895 2895 26938 Medium - - - - Minor 8 40.00 40.00 1843 9 2046 2935 28781

Cost required for creation of irrigation potential per ha. Rs. 8.58 lakh

Table-22.5 Abstract of expenditure and potential (for completed, ongoing and future schemes)

Part of Total Total Area of Populat Cost per Cost per Potential Dist. Outlay Potential Sub ion Sqkm in Capita per Capita falling (Crores) (ha.) Basin of Sub Sub Basin (Rs.) Rs/(ha.) in sub (Sqkm) Basin (Rs.) basin (2006) Agrani

Cost per ha. of irrigation potential works out to Rs. 68929/-

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

22.1.2 Local Sector & Zilla parishad Schemes (upto 250 ha.)

These schemes include Percolation tanks, Irrigation tanks and K. T. Weirs.

The financial aspects of local sector & Zilla parishad schemes are as given below.

Table-22.6 - A) Completed Schemes Part of Dist. No. of Latest Expenditur Balance Irrigation falling Schemes Cost e Cost potential in sub basin (Crores) (3/2014) (Crores) (ha.) (Crores)

Table-22.6 - B) Schemes in Progress Part of Dist. No. of Latest Expenditur Balance Irrigation falling Schemes Cost e Cost Potential in sub basin (Crores) (3/2014 (Crores) (ha.) (Crores)

Table-22.6 - C) Future Schemes Part of Dist. No. of Latest Expenditur Balance Irrigation falling Schemes Cost e Cost Potential in sub basin (Crores) (3/2014) (Crores) (ha.) (Crores)

Above 48 no. of projects identified for impletation by 2030.

22.2 – Status of Districtwise Area Treated by Soil Conservation Works Total watershed area of Agrani Sub Basin is 110145 Ha. Out of this 46981 Ha. area is treated @ Rs.6000 per Ha. and 63164 Ha. area is to be treated @ Rs.12000 per Ha. in future as per norms Table-22.7 Status of District wise Area Treated by Soil Conservation Works Part of Dist. No. Watershed Total cost Expenditure Provision for falling of area to be for works by end of 2014-15 in sub Villages treated (ha.) (Crores) 03/2014 (Crores) basin (Crores)

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

22.3 The financial aspects of soil and water conservation schemes (less than 100 ha.) are as given below –

These schemes include works like contour bunding, nalla bunding, cement nalla bandharas, check dams, forest tanks, village tanks, farm ponds, etc. being executed by Agriculture, Social Forestry, Forest Departments, Minor Irrigation Divisions, GSDA, etc.

22.4 Financial aspects of water supply schemes are as given below For the SUB-BASIN K-6 total expenditure incurred on Urban & Rural water supply schemes for present population are worked out as amounting to Rs 71.91 Cr.. Thus, the same also for Projected population (2030) including funds for proposed Urban & Rural water supply schemes are worked out as amounting to Rs. 90.57 Cr., with respect to per capita cost (present)

Table-21.8 Financial Planning

Sr. Sub Dist. Population Cost/ Total Cost (Corers) N Basin Capit o. a in Rs. (Aver Urban Scheme 2001 2014 2030 age) 2001 2014 2030 66059 69230 87198 3600 23.78 24.92 31.39 Solapur 1) K 6 Osmanaba 0 74500 184643 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. d Total 66059 143730 271841 23.78 24.92 31.39 Rural Scheme 1) Solapur 249087 261043 328794 1800 44.84 46.99 59.18 K 6 Osmanaba 0 324901 424007 0 N.A. N.A. N.A. d Total 249087 585944 752801 44.84 46.99 59.18 TOTAL U & R 71.91 90.57

All the rural schemes designed for 15 years projected population. For all the rural scheme 100% funds provided by Government of Maharashtra and for urban scheme 10% Govt. of Maharashtra, 10% local body and remaining 80% funds provided by Central Govt. depends upon the type of works.

22.5 Recycle & reuse of water for irrigation In view of recycling of water it is proposed to construct a sewage treatment plant in urban areas by which the B.O.D. & C.O.D. can be brought to accepteble limits so that the treated water can be use for irrigation & other purpose. At the Municipal council area, waste water can be collected from STP and any other measures available with local body. As per the water supply norms, nearly 80% waste water is proposed for Irrigation & other purpose after recycle and reuse.

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

Table-22.9 – Recycle & Reuse

Sr. Sub Dist. Use of Return Qty. Investmen Remar No Basi Water for flow of t Cost k . n Urban/ expecte water Rs. Corer Rural & d (80%) for Industrie (Mm3) recycl s (Mm3) e & Reuse (Mm3 ) 2) K 2 Sangl Urban 1.13 0.90 0.63 2.53 i Rural 22.20 17.76 14.21 11.37 Industrie 0 0 0 0 s Total 23.33 18.66 14.84 13.90

22.6 future projections Summary of Expenditure for Sub Basin is given below. Table-22.10 – Status of Future Projection Sr. Category of Works Expenditure Potential Future Balance No. Incurred Created Investment Potential (Crores) (ha.) (Crores) (ha.) 1) WRD(LIS Mhaisal & 167.60 24315 158.76 19489 Tembhu) 2) Local Sector / & Z P 99.88 8030 14.29 1459 3) Soil Conservation Works 28.19 -- 75.80 --

Total 295.67 32345 248.85 20948

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

ANNEXEURE: - I – Present Use & Future Requirement of Water

Sr.No Sub Dist Taluka Purpose Present Future . Khore Use Requirement (Mm3) (Mm3) (2030) (2014) Umarga(P) URBAN 0 0 Osmanaba Lohara(P) MJP 10.89 31.33 Domestic 1) d Tulajapur(P RURAL ZP 11.86 15.48 K 6 ) Akkalkot URBAN 0 0 Solapur (P) Domestic MJP 0 0 RURAL Solapur (P) ZP 14.66 18.47 TOTAL 37.41 65.28

ANNEXURE –II RECYCLE AND REUSE OF WATER

Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Use of Return Qty. Investm Remar N Khor Water flow of ent Cost k o. e for expect water Rs. Urban/ ed for Crores Rural (80%) recycl & (Mm3) e & Industr Reuse ies (Mm3 (Mm3) ) Nagar 9.1 7.28 0 0 Umarga(P) Parishad Osmana Lohara(P) s– bad 1) K 6 Tulajapur(P) (Urban) Rural – 22.23 17.78 0 0 Akkalkot (P) Nagar 6.45 5.16 3.61 14.45 Solapur (P) Parishad Solapur s– (Urban) Rural – 10.67 8.54 6.83 5.46 Total 48.45 38.76 10.44 19.91

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

ANNEXURE -III Status of Water Supply Schemes

Sr. Sub Name of No. of Rural W.S. No. of Urban W.S. No. Khore District Schemes Schemes Osmanabad 223 3 K 6 1 Solapur 222 3 Total 445 6

ANNEXURE-IV Income and O.& M. Expenditure

Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Type of No. Rate/No Incom O&M No Basin Connection . (Rs.) e Expenditur . of s (Lacs) e (Lacs) Krishn a Khore

Umarga(P) Domestic 7885 100 Lohara(P) 73.15 167.78 Osmanaba Tulajapur(P d Commercial 59 600 ) 1) K 6 Akkalkot Domestic 4934 1200 (P) 60.82 115.39 Solapur Solapur (P) Commercial 87 5000

Total 1296 133.97 283.17 5

ANNEXURE-V Water Losses from Municipal Corporation

Sr. Sub Dist Taluka Municipal % of Treatme Distributio Tota No Basin Corporation/ Losse nt Plant n l . of Nagarparisha s Krishn d Risin a g Khore Main Umarga(P) Lohara(P) 3 2% 3% 15% 20% Osmanaba Tulajapur( d P) 1) K 6 Akkalkot (P) 3 4% 3% 6% 13% Solapur Solapur (P)) Total

K-6 Lower Bhima Chapter-22 – Financial Aspects

ANNEXURE-VI A) Urban Scheme

Sr. Sun Part of Dist. Falling in Population Cost/ Total Cost (Crores) Remarks No. Basin sub basin K-6) Capit of a Krishn (Rs.) a -2014 Khore (Av.) Dist Taluka 2001 2014 2031 2001 2014 2031 Umarga(P) 0 74500 184663 N.A 0 0 0 Osmanaba Lohara(P) d Tulajapur( 1) K 6 P) Akkalkot 66059 69230 87198 3600 23.78 24.92 31.39 Solapur (P) Solapur (P) Total 66059 143730 271841 23.78 24.92 31.39

ANNEXURE-VI B) Rural Scheme

Sr. Sun Part of Dist. Falling in Population Cost/ Total Cost (Crores) Remarks No. Basin sub basin K-6) Capit of a Krishn (Rs.) a -2014 Khore (Av.) Dist Taluka 2001 2014 2031 2001 2014 2031 Umarga(P) 324901 424007 N.A 0 0 0 Osmanaba Lohara(P) d Tulajapur( 1) K 6 P) Akkalkot 249087 261043 328794 1800 44.84 46.99 59.18 Solapur (P) Solapur (P) Total 249087 585944 752801 44.84 46.99 59.18

Middle Krishna sub-basin (K2) - Chapter -22 .

Government of Maharashtra

WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT

MASTER PLAN FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF K-6 SUB-BASIN

CHAPTER

23 Action Plan

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

CHAPTER–23 – ACTION PLAN

23.1 DEVELOPMENT PLAN

State Government can set aside required funds from budget allocation to ensure un-interrupted functioning of the scheme in the context of larger interest of social and public health issues.State Government spends considerable amount for provision of water supply to rural areas and it should not be difficult for Government to make relatively small provisions for operation and maintenance part also. If Government decides to provide financial assistance then proportionate amount of subsidy shall be credited to the account of the agency (MJP). In cases where the local body does not pay the water charges then the agency shall have freedom to stop the water supply. In that case the local body cannot have the plea that the Government neglects the important aspect of rural water supply.

23.2 ACTION PLAN

As per the requirement of the local body i.e. Grampanchyat, Nagarparishad, Municpal Councial. Water supply schemes are designed for the projected population (15 Years). Initial cost of the scheme depends upon the population as well as source of the scheme. After the necessary administrative approval, the rural scheme is considered in to the Action Plan for execution of the scheme. For approximately 30 months duration for the completion of the scheme from the demand of Local Body to completion of the scheme. Accordingly provision of funds are made in the action plan.

Urban & Rural water Supply schemes, for drinking water purpose, with respective sub basin wise, total demand as per the norms & as per the availability of water should be calculated in the combined Grid system as per the site conditions If the demand is more, combined Grid system should not be implemented.

For Rural water supply schemes in K-6 basin, Annual Action Plan for 2015-2016 under NRDWP will be as follows.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Table No-23.1 Annual action plan for rural water supply schemes in lower Bhima sub basin.

Name of Dist. No of Villages Cost Rs. (In Croes) Solapur 65 3.99 Osmanabad 37 2.23

There is no any specific Action Plan of Urban Water Supply Schemes.

23.3 MEASURES TO BE TAKEN AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE SCHEME

• 100% meter for all water connections in distribution system and water meters installation for measuring quantity abstracted from source, at outlet of water treatment plant and at outlet of service reservoir. • Water Audit to know the losses in the system, to locate the leakage points and rectification of losses to achieve most economical use of available water. • Timely replacement of old leakage pipelines. • To achieve consumers’ satisfaction by introducing 24x7 supply system and thereby to reduce water consumption and water losses in the system and to have equitable supply to all the consumers. • Training to O. and M. staff for proper operation and maintenance procedure.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.4 Development Plan for Irrigation Projects

Table- 23.2 List of Ongoing project in K-6 Sub basin Water Storage Mm3 Total Sr. Name of Name of project Taluka Dist. ICA no Sub basin Dead Live Total (ha) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 A) Major Project Nil B) Medium Project Akkalkot Solapur 36.10 36.10 10100 C) Minor Project Wadgoan 1 Benitura Lohara Osmanabad 0.14 1.50 1.64 329 (Ganja) 2 Ghugalgoan Benitura Omerga Osmanabad 0.20 1.59 1.78 327 3 Bedga Benitura Omerga Osmanabad 0.14 1.22 1.36 355 4 Wagdari Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.03 1.22 1.25 253 5 K.M.I. Project Osmanabad 0.00 56.64 56.64 9770 6 Karjari Bori Akkolkot Solapur 0.00 1.70 1.70 415 South 7 Dhubdhubi Dhubdhubi Solapur 3.96 4.25 8.21 1315 solapur 8 Borgaon Bori Akkolkot Solapur 0.23 1.90 2.12 414 9 Kadabgaon 0.09 0.8 0.89 109 Total 4.79 106.91 111.70 23387

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Table-23.3 List of Future project in K-6 Sub basin

Name Water Storage Mm3 Sr. Name of of Sub Taluka Dist. no project Total ICA basin Dead Live Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A) Major Project Nil B) Medium Project Nil

C) Minor Project

1 KMIP Project Bori Tuljapur Osmanabad 0.00 136.00 136.00 23261 Bori 612 2 Alegaon Akkalkot Solapur 0.78 4.30 5.08 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 334 3 Marathewadi 0.50 1.90 2.40 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 322 4 Torni 0.27 1.90 2.17 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 172 5 Chappalgaon 0.21 1.20 1.41 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 147 6 Gholasgaon 0.17 1.00 1.17 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 149 7 Hasapur 0.12 1.00 1.12 Bori Akkalkot Solapur 107 8 Achegaon 0.14 0.80 0.94 Total 2.19 148.10 150.29 25104

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.5 Development plan for water conservation (2015-2020)

Table-23.4 Ongoing Schemes 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of Ongoing Potential (ha) Capacity Works schemes mm³

1) Irrigation Tank 2 328 1.57

2) Storage Tank 2 225 0.11

3) K .T. Weir 1 138 0.65

Total 5 691 2.33

Table-23.5 Ongoing Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of Ongoing Potential (ha) Capacity Works schemes mm³

1) Storage Tank 0 0 0.00

2) K .T. Weir 45 1270 5.99

3) Percolation Tank 98 2573 10.99

4) Village Tank 4 46 2.39

5) C.N.B 128 900 4.30

Total 275 4789 23.67

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Table-23.6 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) Irrigation Tank 6 1200 5.0

2) Storage Tank 6 900 4.00

K .T. Weir 12 1500 5.00

Total 24 3600 14.00

Table-23.7 Future Schemes 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) K .T. Weir 20 600 7.00

2) Percolation Tank 24 500 4.80

3) Village Tank 0 0 0

4) CNB 240 1800 8.50

Total 284 2900 22.30

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.6.1 Action Plan (2021-2025)

Table-23.8 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) Irrigation Tank 6 900 9.00

2) Storage Tank 6 800 7.00

3) K .T. Weir 12 1400 12.00

Total 24 3100 28.00

Table-23.9 Future Schemes 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) K .T. Weir 30 600 6.00

2) Percolation Tank 24 500 5.00

3) Village Tank 0 0 0

Total 54 1100 11.00

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.6.2 Action Plan (2026-2030)

Table-23.10 Future Schemes 101 to 250 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) Irrigation Tank 6 900 9.00

2) Storage Tank 6 800 7.00

3) K .T. Weir 12 1400 12.00

Total 24 3100 28.00

Table-23.11 Future Schems 0 to 100 Ha.

Sr.No Category of schemes Potential (ha) Capacity Works mm³

1) K .T. Weir 30 600 6.00

2) Percplation Tank 24 500 5.00

3) Village Tank 0 0 0

Total 54 1100 11.00

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.7 Flood Management Action Plan 23.7.1 Flood plain zoning: Areas liable to flood should be well demarcated by identification marks or stones of distinct design and color. High spots near each village should be determined so that people can be shifted immediately on receipt of the flood warning. Zones should be divided into three distinct categories prohibitive, restrictive and caution zones. The villagers should be informed about such zoning. (a) The prohibitive zone– This is the zone consisting of normal river channel for discharge of regulatory floods from the reservoir and the free catchment. The river channel portion required for passing a 25 years rears return flood or a flood equivalent to 1.5 times the capacity of the established river channel whichever is higher should be classified as the prohibitive zone. This area may be used only for the open land type of use such as playgrounds, gardens, river side esplanades or cultivation of light crops wherever such riparian rights exist. (b) The restrictive zone – The area required to pass the maximum design outflow flood should be treated as the restrictive zone. The maximum design flood may be adopted as the maximum outflow corresponding to the spillway design flood together with similar flood from the free catchments. In the restrictive zone the land use regulation may specify the safe height for the plinth level of the lowest floor level and the type of building method to prevent collapse of the structure during floods. (c) The caution zone – The caution zone may extend beyond the limit of the restrictive zone to the boundary of the dam break flood zone. flooding in this area may

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

be rare but not altogether impossible. The regulation for land use in this zone should only include a caution about the flood risk and likely flood height in this area and necessary building precautions for safety under such circumstances, wherever a contingency may arise.

Figure 1 – Flood Plain Zoning Preparation of Zoning Maps:

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

For all the dam break inundation areas contour plan showing contours at 0.5 to 1 m intervals with a scale corresponding to 1 : 15000 or the revenue village maps scales should be prepared. The different flood contours such as 25 years flood, design flood and the dam break flood should be clearly marked on this plan with different colours. Such plans must be sent to all the affected villages, talukas, towns, city and district authorities, for keeping the requirements of zoning, in mind while allowing any new construction or development activities. Approximately total length of all rivers in K1 basin is 1148 Km. For marking of flood lines approximately 1 lakhs Rs required for per Km so total cost required for marking of flood lines is 11.48 Cr.

Figure 2 – Flood Zones

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

There should be strict regulation of settlements and economic activity in the flood plain zones along with flood proofing, to minimize the loss of life and property on

account of floods.

23.7.2Rule / Guide Curves: For all the gated reservoirs guide curves (also called rule curve, conservation schedules or regulation schedules) should be prepared separately for the filling period and for the depletion period. The guide curves will show the limits to which the reservoir levels should be normally raised at the end of specified periods for achieving the normal planned storage of the reservoir while availing of the flood absorption capacity to the grater possible extent during the specified periods. The guide curves are made up of an upper guide curve and the lower guide curve. The upper guide curve in a conservation schedule is the upper limit of the level upto which the reservoir can be built up or maintained on the respective dates. During the period of floods, the reservoir may be allowed to rise temporarily above the upper guide curve but below the M.W.L. at the discretion of the officer not below the rank of Executive Engineer. The storage space between the upper guide curve and the allowable maximum water level in the reservoir indicates the minimum flood storage space that can be available for flood absorption on the various dates. The lower guide curve in a conservation schedule indicates the minimum levels upto which the reservoir filling must be achieved on various dates during the monsoon from the point of filling of the reservoir. The storage space available between the lower guide curve and the maximum water level indicates the maximum flood storage space that can be available for flood absorption on the various dates.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Figure 3 - Guide Curve

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.7.3 Actions to be taken by authorities of Water Resources Department (Irrigation) in charge of Dams: The Executive Engineers in charge of maintenance or construction of the dams must prepare index maps of inundations area or flood banks on the downstream for all the dams under their control and must identify all such flood prone areas. The reports about such areas and details of the nature of the problems must be submitted to the superintending Engineer, the regional Chief Engineers, and the superintending Engineer, Dam safety organisation. The Field superintending Engineer should examine such reports and should direct the executive Engineer to formulate a suitable flood forecasting scheme for the protection of the flood prone areas. A notification of such area and the floods problem should also be made to the district collector and the District flood co-ordination Committee. Flood forecasting schemes should be formulated by the Executive Engineer in charge of the dam and must be incorporated in the Standing operating Procedures after the same is approved by the Regional chief Engineer.

23.7.4 Action to be taken by officers and Local Bodies regarding Floods: Some of the important duties of the various officials connected with the District flood co-ordination committee are enumerated below. The local representatives should be able to educate people about the flood gauges, zoning and evacuation measures. They should also be able to help in mobilisation of labor required for watching flood levels, closing of breaches and removal of people and property to safe places in the events of emergencies. (a) District Collector– The collector of the district should arrange speedy transmission of warning to the people in the area likely to be affected by flood.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

(b) The superintendent of Police of the District should see that immediately an alert is given, an adequate umber of Police personnel are deputed to the site for maintaining law and order. (c) Engineers.- (i) The Engineer in charge of Irrigation and Public works and Environmental Engineering, Railways and Post and Telegraph should be responsible for the safety of engineering works in their charge. (ii) Engineers in charge of irrigation works may be nominated by the flood committees to make an intelligent study of the rainfall and flood data and forecast the river levels which are likely to be attained and the time lag. They should inform the chairman of the local flood committees about them. (iii) They should also inform their departmental superiors of all the daily happenings about flood situations and give suggestions for efficient conduct of work. (d) Engineer in charge of maintenance of flood control embankments- (i) The Engineer in charge of maintenance of flood control embankments must be fully acquainted with the instructions for maintenance of flood embankments as given in the Embankment Manual issued by the Central Water commission as well as in other publications and manuals issued by his department. (ii) On the occurrence of breach, he should at once contact the chairman of the local flood committee or any other person nominated by District flood co-ordination committee for assistance. He should immediately proceed to the site and take suitable measures for closing the breach without waiting for any orders. He should inform the following officers by telegram and telephone- (1) Chief Engineer in charge of Irrigation or flood control works. (2) Superintending Engineer. (3) Executive Engineer. (4) District Collector. (5) Chief Executive Officer (Zilla Parishad)

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

(6) Superintendent of Police of the District. (7) Railway Authorities. (8) P & T Department Authorities. (iii) A proper register of breaches and leaks and also a register of dangerous sites for flood control works should be maintained. (e) Army- Help from the army should normally be sought under exceptional cases, e.g. when a certain area is threatened by serious floods and some breaches have occurred suddenly in embankment, which cannot be closed due to limited resources of men and equipment available with the civil authorities. The District flood co-ordination Committee should be conversant with the procedure laid down by the Defiance Ministry for requisitioning help from the army.

23.7.5Action after dam failure: Executive Engineer of Project will convey alert signal to Tahasildar after receiving necessary information from the site incharge Engineer. Tahasildar will convey immediately this message to the Chairman of E.A.P. committees in concerned villages. The people in these villages which are very near on river bank will be warned to remain alert against flood water level. However, in case of slowly failure of dam it is estimated that water level in the river course will not raise beyond serious level to evacuate lives and property.

23.7.6 Flood cushion: Adequate flood cushion should be provided in water storage projects, wherever feasible, to facilitate better flood management. In highly flood prone areas, flood control be given overriding consideration in reservoir regulation policy even at the cost of sacrificing some irrigation or power benefits.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

23.7.7 Flood protection works: While physical flood protection works like embankments and dykes will continue to be necessary, increased emphasis should be laid on non-structural measures, such as flood forecasting and warning, flood plain zoning and flood proofing for the minimization of losses and to reduce the recurring expenditure on flood relief.

23.8 Management Plan Table-23.12 Details of Actual Storages and Actual Irrigation in Completed irrigation projects

Sr. no. Type of project Designed Actual water % to designed storage MM³ utilization MM³ Storage

1 Major Nil Nil Nil

2 Medium 93.63 51 54.46

3 Minor 211.10 133 63.00

Total 304.73 184 60.38

From the above tables, It can be seen that Actual utilization as per actual storage in completed irrigation projects is 54.46 % for medium projects and 67% for designed storage.

23.8.1 Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project.

Table 23.13 Actual irrigation in the completed irrigation project.

Sr. Details of Projects Designed Actual area % to the ICA Ha irrigated Ha designed ICA No.

1 Medium projects 14651 4688 31.92

2 Minor projects in 4414 749 17.00 Osmanabad district

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

3 Minor projects in 4673 1415.79 30.29 Solapur district

4 K.T. weir in Solapur 3327 925.27 27.81 District

Total 27065 7778.06 28.69

In fact, the percentage of Irrigated area to ICA should be more than 100% ideally. It is seen from above table that this percentage that is 28.70 %.The main reason for less water use efficiency is as below.

1. Less storage in dam 2. Non completion of Part-1 3. Non participant of beneficiary 4. Poor management by Gov. staff.

23.8.2 Role Of PIM :

Following are the difficulties in establishing Water User Associations which will enable participants of beneficiaries. i) Lack of public awareness. ii) Lack of maintenance of canals and distribution system. iii) Inadequate funds for rehabilitation of canals and distribution system. iv) Lack of Social awareness among the managers.

23.8.3 PREVENTION OF LOSSES : a) The losses at various levels in canal systems of selected projects in the sub basin as observed To vary from 50 to 82%. b) The analysis of actual evaporation losses from irrigation projects based on 5 to 7 years data of actual month wise storage and water spread area from completed irrigation project is below.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

a) Planned Evaporation Losses (% w.r.t. live storage) : 37 % b) Actual Evaporation (Annual) : 58 % c) Season wise breakup of actual evaporation : Kharif (23% of annual evaporation) : 13 % Rabi (43% of annual evaporation) : 25 % HW (34% of annual evaporation) : 20 %

c) Losses through Pipe Lines of Drinking & Industrial Water Supply:

The losses as reported by urban councils & nagarparishad Municipal Corporations vary from 16 to 24 %.

d) Avoiding indiscriminate reservation of water for drinking purpose – Highest priority is given for drinking water and indiscriminate reservations are made for the same. The experience shows that reservations made are 2 to 5 times the actual requirements, which is not utilized fully and results into heavy evaporation losses. Government has stipukted policy for reversing for Non irrigation use from irrigation projects. This policy states that Palakmantri of the district along with Collector and Irrigation officials should take decision for shall resends by forming committee.

23.8.4 Evaporation Control

The average annual evaporation recorded at Bori is 260 mm and out of this 48 percent is in hot weather season. The actual evaporation losses from the reservoirs (Major, Medium and Minor projects) are 58 percent with reference to live storage of projects in the sub basin against the projected figure of 37 percent. Season wise breakup of actual evaporation from reservoirs is 13 percent in Kharif season, 25 percent in Rabi season and 20 percent in hot weather. Several management techniques are available to reduce evaporation losses from water bodies and from soil surface. However efforts should be made to make them cost friendly & easy to use.

23.8.5 Storage Lost Due to Sedimentation

The present estimated potential of the galper land in this sub basin is 3900ha. By 2030 it will increase to 5100 ha. But it is observed in primary survey that the actual

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

galper land under cultivation is 160 ha. There is a need to encourage and support for cultivation of galper land on maximum possible area.

23.8.6 Diversion of Irrigation Land to Non Agricultural Activities

In This sub basin about ha. of irrigated land has been diverted for non agricultural activities in last 5 years. This has lead to reduction in irrigated area, agricultural production and loss due to expenditure incurred on construction of different structures in command areas. In future only the land which is identified as unfit for crop cultivation shall be used for non agriculture purpose. A policy to that effect needs to be drafted.

23.9 Water Quality Plan

23.9.1 Ground Water Quality- This office has not monitored regularly the ground water quality in the catchment area of Krishna River. Hence ground water quality is not mentioned in this report. 23.9.2 Surface water Quality

Water quality index Water quality Remarks value* 63 to 100 Good Excellent Non polluted 50 to 63 Medium to Good Non polluted 38 to 50 Bad Polluted < 38 Bad to Very Bad Heavily Polluted

23.9.3 Action Plan for prevention of River Pollution

A. Waste Management

1. Local Body

Table-23.14 Action Plan for prevention of River Pollution.

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Sr. Name of the Untreated sewage Action to be proposed No. Local Body entering in the river

Councils

1 Naldrug 0.12 1. Provision of STP for entire treatment of sewage.

2. Underground sewer line to entire council area.

3. Adopt in-situ nalla treatment like eco-bricks, phytoremedations on all nalls as a short term measure

4. Treated sewage shall be compulsory used for irrigation purpose only

5. It should be made compulsory to keep reserve fund of 25 % of the capital budget for providing sewage treatment & its management

2 Murum 0.125 1. Provision of STP for entire treatment of sewage.

2. Underground sewer line to entire council area.

3. Adopt in-situ nalla treatment like eco-bricks, phytoremedations on all nalls as a short term measure

4. Treated sewage shall be compulsory used for irrigation purpose only

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

5. It should be made compulsory to keep reserve fund of 25 % of the capital budget for providing sewage treatment & its management

3 Akkalkot 1. Provision of STP for entire treatment of sewage.

2. Underground sewer line to entire council area.

3. Adopt in-situ nalla treatment like eco-bricks, phytoremedations on all nalls as a short term measure

4. Treated sewage shall be compulsory used for irrigation purpose only

5. It should be made compulsory to keep reserve fund of 25 % of the capital budget for providing sewage treatment & its management

4 Maindargi 1. Provision of STP for entire treatment of sewage.

2. Underground sewer line to entire council area.

3. Adopt in-situ nalla treatment like eco-bricks, phytoremedations on all nalls as a short term measure

4. Treated sewage shall be compulsory used for irrigation purpose only

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

5. It should be made compulsory to keep reserve fund of 25 % of the capital budget for providing sewage

5 Dudhani 1. Provision of STP for entire treatment of sewage.

2. Underground sewer line to entire council area.

3. Adopt in-situ nalla treatment like eco-bricks, phytoremedations on all nalls as a short term measure

4. Treated sewage shall be compulsory used for irrigation purpose only

5. It should be made compulsory to keep reserve fund of 25 % of the capital budget for providing sewage

2. Industrial pollution

a. Installation continuous online monitoring systems at outlet of Effluent Treatment plant & display on main gate of industry.

b. Connect to online monitoring system to MPCB server

c. Increase the vigilance by MPCB for verifying the performance of Effluent Treatment Plant

d. Insist industries to adopt newly advanced technologies to achieve zero discharge

B) Financial Management

Lower Bhima Sub basin (K-6) Chapter–23 – Action plan.

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) is law enforcement body for protection of environment in the state of Maharashtra. MPCB has no financial liability for infrastructure development for treatment of sewage. However, Ministery of Environemtn & Forest, New Delhi (MoEF) and Environment Department Govt of Maharashtra has formulated National River Conservation Directorate & State River Conservation Scheme respectively to provide funds for treatment of domestic sewage generated from local body area. Local body should prepare proposals for treatment of sewage respective to their jurisdiction and shall seek funds from above schemes formulated by MoEF and Environment Department Govt of Maharashtra.

MPCB monitors river water quality under central government schemes at predefined locations.

23.10. Conclusion- It may be concluded from analysis results that, the Krishna River shows average water quality and not being grossly polluted with respect to physicochemical parameters. However microbiological water parameters shows higher limits and river water quality is suitable for drinking purpose only after conventional treatment and disinfection treatment method to ensure potability of water for drinking purpose. It may be revealed that the river Krishna at all location of Kolhapur district is not grossly polluted however precautions need to be taken. Now the water quality is in which limit as compare to A-II class of river water, however if this situation continue then the water quality will be get deteriorate & hence some action plan is required to restore & conserve the river water quality.