SUPPORTING INFORMATION

Tracing the history and biogeography of the Australian blindsnake radiation

Julie Marin, Stephen C. Donnellan, S. Blair Hedges, Paul Doughty, Mark N. Hutchinson, Corinne Cruaud and Nicolas Vidal

Journal of Biogeography

Appendix S2 Additional results (phylogenetic trees and estimated divergence times) This appendix comprises the maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram, the ML bootstrap majority-rule consensus tree (1000 replicates) and the Bayesian consensus tree (10,000,000 generations) obtained with our data set. Ingroup sampling included 107 individuals belonging to 28 Ramphotyphlops (R.) (Appendix S1 in Supporting Information lists the taxa, localities, and accession numbers of the specimens used in the study). For outgroups, we used Epictia columbi (), Gerrhopilus mirus (), grandidieri (Xenotyphlopidae), Typhlops reticulatus, T. arator, T. jamaicensis, T. vermicularis, Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus, R. braminus, an undescribed species of Ramphotyphlops from Moyo Island, Lesser Sundas (hereafter, ‘R. sp.’), and Acutotyphlops subocularis (all ), scytale and Tropidophis sp. (: Amerophidia), Boa constrictor and Laticauda colubrina (Alethinophidia: Afrophidia), and the lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus (Anguimorpha: ). This appendix also includes the Bayesian topology with the node numbers used for timing analysis and the time estimates obtained.

R ligatus 1 R ligatus 2 R ligatus 3 R ganei 1 R ganei 2 R ligatus 4 R troglodytes R kimberleyensis 1 R kimberleyensis 2 R kimberleyensis 3 R kimberleyensis 4 R polygrammicus 1 R polygrammicus 2 R unguirostris 1 R unguirostris 2 R unguirostris 3 R unguirostris 4 R unguirostris 5 R wiedii 1 R wiedii 2 R howi R guentheri 6 R grypus 1 R affinis R nigrescens 1 R nigrescens 2 R nigrescens 3 R nigrescens 4 R nigrescens 5 R nigrescens 6 R nigrescens 7 R nigrescens 8 R nigrescens 9 R nigrescens 10 R bituberculatus 1 R bituberculatus 2 R bituberculatus 3 R bituberculatus 4 R bituberculatus 5 R diversus 5 R diversus 4 R diversus 2 R diversus 1 R diversus 3 R diversus 8 R diversus 6 R diversus 7 R diversus 9 R ammodytes 1 R ammodytes 2 R ammodytes 3 R ammodytes 4 R ammodytes 6 R ammodytes 5 R ammodytes 8 R ammodytes 7 R ammodytes 9 R guentheri 1 R guentheri 2 R guentheri 3 R guentheri 4 R guentheri 5 R leptosoma 1 R leptosoma 2 R leptosoma 3 R leptosoma 4 R leptosoma 5 R leptosoma 6 R grypus 2 R grypus 3 R grypus 4 R longissimus R leptosoma R grypus 5 R grypus 6 R grypus 7 R grypus 8 R grypus 9 R grypus 10 R grypus 11 R grypus 12 R proximus 1 R proximus 2 R silvia R hamatus 1 R hamatus 2 R hamatus 3 R hamatus 6 R hamatus 4 R hamatus 5 R hamatus 7 R endoterus 1 R endoterus 2 R endoterus 3 R endoterus 4 R pilbarensis 1 R pilbarensis 2 R waitii 1 R waitii 2 R centralis 1 R centralis 2 R australis 1 R australis 2 R pinguis 1 R pinguis 2 R bicolor 1 R bicolor 2 R. sp Acutotyphlops subocularis Ramphotyphlops braminus Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus Typhlops vermicularis Typhlops reticulatus Typhlops arator Typhlops jamaicensis Xenotyphlops grandidieri Gerrhopilus mirus Epictia columbi Anilius scytale Tropidophis sp. Laticauda colubrina Boa constrictor Shinisaurus crocodilurus 0.1 ML phylogram 83 R ligatus 1 100 R ligatus 2 99 R ligatus 3 100 R ganei 1 70 R ganei 2 89 R ligatus 4 85 R troglodytes 78 R kimberleyensis 1 99 100 R kimberleyensis 2 93 R kimberleyensis 3 R kimberleyensis 4 100 R polygrammicus 1 37 R polygrammicus 2 100 R unguirostris 1 53 R unguirostris 2 13 51 100 R unguirostris 3 R unguirostris 4 R unguirostris 5 12 100 R wiedii 1 R wiedii 2 100 R howi 20 R guentheri 6 44 R grypus 1 R affinis 96 R nigrescens 1 49 45 R nigrescens 2 81 89 R nigrescens 3 R nigrescens 4 R nigrescens 5 100 99 R nigrescens 6 30 R nigrescens 7 95 66 R nigrescens 8 40 R nigrescens 9 R nigrescens 10 93 89 R bituberculatus 1 96 R bituberculatus 2 100 R bituberculatus 3 R bituberculatus 4 R bituberculatus 5 27 88 R diversus 1 11 R diversus 2 21 53 R diversus 4 R diversus 5 47 R diversus 3 71 R diversus 6 99 45 R diversus 7 R diversus 8 R diversus 9 70 100 54 R ammodytes 1 83 R ammodytes 2 R ammodytes 3 72 R ammodytes 4 100 R ammodytes 5 100 R ammodytes 6 58 33 72 R ammodytes 7 R ammodytes 9 R ammodytes 8 99 R guentheri 1 99 75 100 R guentheri 2 100 R guentheri 3 R guentheri 4 R guentheri 5 99 85 R leptosoma 1 91 R leptosoma 2 88 R leptosoma 3 100 R leptosoma 4 R leptosoma 5 95 R leptosoma 6 81 R grypus 2 44 99 R grypus 3 32 R grypus 4 R longissimus R leptosoma 98 95 R grypus 5 54 R grypus 6 100 R grypus 7 95 R grypus 8 91 91 67 R grypus 9 76 R grypus 10 R grypus 11 93 R grypus 12 100 R proximus 1 R proximus 2 50 61 R hamatus 1 R hamatus 2 100 R hamatus 3 43 R hamatus 4 100 33 R hamatus 5 R hamatus 6 100 R hamatus 7 28 R endoterus 1 100 100 R endoterus 2 59 R endoterus 3 84 R endoterus 4 57 100 R pilbarensis 1 R pilbarensis 2 99 R waitii 1 98 100 R waitii 2 100 R centralis 1 R centralis 2 100 66 82 R australis 1 R australis 2 100 R pinguis 1 52 99 R pinguis 2 70 100 R bicolor 1 R bicolor 2 R silvia 100 R. sp Acutotyphlops subocularis 61 Ramphotyphlops braminus 100 Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus Typhlops vermicularis 100 91 82 Typhlops jamaicensis Typhlops arator 100 Typhlops reticulatus 82 Xenotyphlops grandidieri Gerrhopilus mirus Epictia columbi 79 Anilius scytale 100 Tropidophis sp. 91 Laticauda colubrina Boa constrictor Shinisaurus crocodilurus ML bootstrap majority-rule consensus tree (1000 replicates) 78 R ligatus 1 100 R ligatus 2 100 R ligatus 3 100 R ganei 1 50 R ganei 2 99 R ligatus 4 100 R troglodytes 100 R kimberleyensis 1 100 100 R kimberleyensis 2 100 R kimberleyensis 3 R kimberleyensis 4 100 R polygrammicus 1 79 R polygrammicus 2 100 72 R unguirostris 1 52 R unguirostris 2 100 R unguirostris 3 63 R unguirostris 4 R unguirostris 5 100 R howi 76 R guentheri 6 42 68 R grypus 1 R affinis 100 R wiedii 1 R wiedii 2 93 100 R nigrescens 1 51 R nigrescens 2 98 100 R nigrescens 3 R nigrescens 4 R nigrescens 5 100 100 R nigrescens 6 46 R nigrescens 7 100 66 R nigrescens 8 81 R nigrescens 9 R nigrescens 10 100 100 R bituberculatus 1 100 R bituberculatus 2 100 R bituberculatus 3 R bituberculatus 4 R bituberculatus 5 100 48 R diversus 1 22 R diversus 2 72 R diversus 3 84 R diversus 4 69 R diversus 5 99 100 R diversus 6 67 R diversus 7 R diversus 8 R diversus 9 88 R ammodytes 1 100 90 100 R ammodytes 2 R ammodytes 3 100 R ammodytes 4 100 R ammodytes 5 100 R ammodytes 6 94 35 R ammodytes 7 99 R ammodytes 8 R ammodytes 9 99 100 R guentheri 1 100 100 R guentheri 2 100 R guentheri 3 R guentheri 4 R guentheri 5 100 R leptosoma 1 99 100 R leptosoma 2 100 R leptosoma 3 100 R leptosoma 4 R leptosoma 5 100 R leptosoma 6 92 R grypus 2 75 100 R grypus 3 50 R grypus 4 R longissimus R leptosoma 100 100 R grypus 5 50 R grypus 6 100 R grypus 7 100 R grypus 8 100 100 98 R grypus 9 97 R grypus 10 R grypus 11 100 R grypus 12 100 R proximus 1 R proximus 2 67 R hamatus 1 88 R hamatus 2 100 R hamatus 3 59 42 R hamatus 4 100 R hamatus 5 R hamatus 6 100 R hamatus 7 66 R endoterus 1 100 100 R endoterus 2 98 R endoterus 3 94 R endoterus 4 50 100 R pilbarensis 1 R pilbarensis 2 100 R waitii 1 100 100 R waitii 2 100 R centralis 1 R centralis 2 93 99 100 R australis 1 R australis 2 47 R pinguis 1 100 R pinguis 2 90 100 R bicolor 1 R bicolor 2 R silvia 100 R. sp Acutotyphlops subocularis 78 Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus 100 Ramphotyphlops braminus Typhlops vermicularis 100 100 Typhlops jamaicensis 95 Typhlops arator 100 Typhlops reticulatus 95 Xenotyphlops grandidieri Gerrhopilus mirus Epictia columbi 100 Laticauda colubrina 100 Boa constrictor 76 Anilius scytale Tropidophis sp. Shinisaurus crocodilurus

Bayesian consensus tree (10,000,000 generations) 221 R ligatus 1 222 R ligatus 2 225 R ligatus 3 223 R ganei 1 224 R ganei 2 226 R ligatus 4 218 R troglodytes 219 R kimberleyensis 1 227 220 R kimberleyensis 2 217 R kimberleyensis 3 R kimberleyensis 4 216 R polygrammicus 1 228 R polygrammicus 2 212 213 R unguirostris 1 214 R unguirostris 2 229 215 R unguirostris 3 R unguirostris 4 R unguirostris 5 209 R wiedii 1 211 R wiedii 2 210 R grypus 1 R affinis 199 R nigrescens 1 230 201 R nigrescens 2 202 200 R nigrescens 3 R nigrescens 4 R nigrescens 5 207 203 R nigrescens 6 205 R nigrescens 7 206 204 R nigrescens 8 R nigrescens 9 208 R nigrescens 10 195 R bituberculatus 1 196 197 R bituberculatus 2 198 R bituberculatus 3 R bituberculatus 4 R bituberculatus 5 180 R diversus 1 231 181 R diversus 2 182 R diversus 3 179 R diversus 4 183 R diversus 5 177 R diversus 6 184 178 R diversus 7 R diversus 8 R diversus 9 188 R ammodytes 1 193 189 R ammodytes 2 190 R ammodytes 3 191 R ammodytes 4 187 R ammodytes 5 192 R ammodytes 6 185 186 R ammodytes 7 194 R ammodytes 8 R ammodytes 9 171 R guentheri 1 172 173 R guentheri 2 232 174 R guentheri 3 176 R guentheri 4 R guentheri 5 175 R howi R guentheri 6 161 R leptosoma 1 162 R leptosoma 2 163 164 R leptosoma 3 165 R leptosoma 4 R leptosoma 5 166 R leptosoma 6 159 R grypus 2 167 160 R grypus 3 168 R grypus 4 R longissimus R leptosoma 169 152 R grypus 5 154 R grypus 6 153 R grypus 7 158 R grypus 8 170 155 R grypus 9 156 R grypus 10 157 R grypus 11 233 R grypus 12 151 R proximus 1 R proximus 2 139 R hamatus 1 140 R hamatus 2 143 R hamatus 3 141 R hamatus 4 144 142 R hamatus 5 R hamatus 6 145 R hamatus 7 136 R endoterus 1 138 146 R endoterus 2 137 R endoterus 3 234 R endoterus 4 147 135 R pilbarensis 1 R pilbarensis 2 132 R waitii 1 148 134 R waitii 2 133 R centralis 1 R centralis 2 235 149 131 R australis 1 R australis 2 128 R pinguis 1 150 130 R pinguis 2 129 R bicolor 1 236 R bicolor 2 R silvia 237 R. sp Acutotyphlops subocu 127 Ramphotyphlops acuti 238 Ramphotyphlops bram Typhlops vermiculari 239 125 Typhlops jamaicensi 126 Typhlops arator 240 Typhlops reticulatus 241 Xenotyphlops grandid Gerrhopilus mirus Epictia columbi 123 Laticauda colubrina 124 Boa constrictor 122 Anilius scytale Tropidophis sp. Bayesian tree node used for timing. The outgroup (not shown) is Shinisaurus crocodilurus. Time estimates from final analysis (five calibration points): mean, standard deviation (S.D.) and 95% credibility interval.

Actual time node 122 = 0.90591 (S.D. = 0.08443) (0.72780, 1.04422) Actual time node 123 = 0.98796 (S.D. = 0.03188) (0.94206, 1.05206) Actual time node 124 = 1.05828 (S.D. = 0.00578) (1.04854, 1.06754) Actual time node 125 = 0.27331 (S.D. = 0.05284) (0.16760, 0.36392) Actual time node 126 = 0.66253 (S.D. = 0.09614) (0.47888, 0.85463) Actual time node 127 = 0.48667 (S.D. = 0.06815) (0.36411, 0.63354) Actual time node 128 = 0.01271 (S.D. = 0.01079) (0.00041, 0.03947) Actual time node 129 = 0.03981 (S.D. = 0.02318) (0.00364, 0.09124) Actual time node 130 = 0.09005 (S.D. = 0.03688) (0.02723, 0.17146) Actual time node 131 = 0.05145 (S.D. = 0.02668) (0.00759, 0.11061) Actual time node 132 = 0.02527 (S.D. = 0.01672) (0.00161, 0.06433) Actual time node 133 = 0.02402 (S.D. = 0.01630) (0.00136, 0.06276) Actual time node 134 = 0.08894 (S.D. = 0.03126) (0.03510, 0.15657) Actual time node 135 = 0.01918 (S.D. = 0.01428) (0.00077, 0.05336) Actual time node 136 = 0.02598 (S.D. = 0.01677) (0.00187, 0.06499) Actual time node 137 = 0.02164 (S.D. = 0.01434) (0.00144, 0.05566) Actual time node 138 = 0.04169 (S.D. = 0.01904) (0.01104, 0.08459) Actual time node 139 = 0.01240 (S.D. = 0.00927) (0.00053, 0.03469) Actual time node 140 = 0.02352 (S.D. = 0.01198) (0.00503, 0.05118) Actual time node 141 = 0.01388 (S.D. = 0.00999) (0.00069, 0.03801) Actual time node 142 = 0.02294 (S.D. = 0.01178) (0.00481, 0.05029) Actual time node 143 = 0.03198 (S.D. = 0.01360) (0.01045, 0.06388) Actual time node 144 = 0.05225 (S.D. = 0.01943) (0.02137, 0.09672) Actual time node 145 = 0.07321 (S.D. = 0.02403) (0.03446, 0.12756) Actual time node 146 = 0.10615 (S.D. = 0.02949) (0.05595, 0.17050) Actual time node 147 = 0.13119 (S.D. = 0.03172) (0.07669, 0.20079) Actual time node 148 = 0.14581 (S.D. = 0.03336) (0.08809, 0.21734) Actual time node 149 = 0.16889 (S.D. = 0.03579) (0.10600, 0.24610) Actual time node 150 = 0.19140 (S.D. = 0.03774) (0.12508, 0.27338) Actual time node 151 = 0.02262 (S.D. = 0.01587) (0.00113, 0.05984) Actual time node 152 = 0.03733 (S.D. = 0.02371) (0.00256, 0.09139) Actual time node 153 = 0.04282 (S.D. = 0.02361) (0.00470, 0.09566) Actual time node 154 = 0.08813 (S.D. = 0.02899) (0.03712, 0.15242) Actual time node 155 = 0.03782 (S.D. = 0.02373) (0.00275, 0.09181) Actual time node 156 = 0.07027 (S.D. = 0.02718) (0.02333, 0.13015) Actual time node 157 = 0.09890 (S.D. = 0.02867) (0.04966, 0.16231) Actual time node 158 = 0.11790 (S.D. = 0.02985) (0.06698, 0.18361) Actual time node 159 = 0.02896 (S.D. = 0.01786) (0.00213, 0.07051) Actual time node 160 = 0.05173 (S.D. = 0.02204) (0.01536, 0.10150) Actual time node 161 = 0.01092 (S.D. = 0.00859) (0.00043, 0.03226) Actual time node 162 = 0.01937 (S.D. = 0.01064) (0.00356, 0.04438) Actual time node 163 = 0.03063 (S.D. = 0.01335) (0.00962, 0.06164) Actual time node 164 = 0.04315 (S.D. = 0.01615) (0.01727, 0.07994) Actual time node 165 = 0.06130 (S.D. = 0.02018) (0.02853, 0.10737) Actual time node 166 = 0.09619 (S.D. = 0.02643) (0.05091, 0.15438) Actual time node 167 = 0.11997 (S.D. = 0.02875) (0.07092, 0.18387) Actual time node 168 = 0.13079 (S.D. = 0.02992) (0.07955, 0.19688) Actual time node 169 = 0.14254 (S.D. = 0.03161) (0.08842, 0.21301) Actual time node 170 = 0.18174 (S.D. = 0.03531) (0.12019, 0.25808) Actual time node 171 = 0.02536 (S.D. = 0.01693) (0.00149, 0.06515) Actual time node 172 = 0.04854 (S.D. = 0.02154) (0.01324, 0.09731) Actual time node 173 = 0.06495 (S.D. = 0.02439) (0.02429, 0.11865) Actual time node 174 = 0.08409 (S.D. = 0.02746) (0.03830, 0.14515) Actual time node 175 = 0.07219 (S.D. = 0.02780) (0.02404, 0.13222) Actual time node 176 = 0.13528 (S.D. = 0.03329) (0.07704, 0.20767) Actual time node 177 = 0.01670 (S.D. = 0.01109) (0.00100, 0.04304) Actual time node 178 = 0.02910 (S.D. = 0.01284) (0.00829, 0.05832) Actual time node 179 = 0.01801 (S.D. = 0.01126) (0.00146, 0.04421) Actual time node 180 = 0.01311 (S.D. = 0.00952) (0.00058, 0.03559) Actual time node 181 = 0.02155 (S.D. = 0.01106) (0.00442, 0.04730) Actual time node 182 = 0.02951 (S.D. = 0.01241) (0.00943, 0.05788) Actual time node 183 = 0.03899 (S.D. = 0.01409) (0.01633, 0.07060) Actual time node 184 = 0.04897 (S.D. = 0.01630) (0.02239, 0.08646) Actual time node 185 = 0.02259 (S.D. = 0.01306) (0.00220, 0.05212) Actual time node 186 = 0.03483 (S.D. = 0.01431) (0.01117, 0.06713) Actual time node 187 = 0.01807 (S.D. = 0.01173) (0.00117, 0.04505) Actual time node 188 = 0.01283 (S.D. = 0.00946) (0.00052, 0.03501) Actual time node 189 = 0.02120 (S.D. = 0.01120) (0.00428, 0.04701) Actual time node 190 = 0.02986 (S.D. = 0.01282) (0.00979, 0.05926) Actual time node 191 = 0.03882 (S.D. = 0.01451) (0.01564, 0.07192) Actual time node 192 = 0.04838 (S.D. = 0.01622) (0.02239, 0.08522) Actual time node 193 = 0.06737 (S.D. = 0.02134) (0.03353, 0.11674) Actual time node 194 = 0.16075 (S.D. = 0.03410) (0.10150, 0.23217) Actual time node 195 = 0.01445 (S.D. = 0.01098) (0.00063, 0.04104) Actual time node 196 = 0.02824 (S.D. = 0.01452) (0.00602, 0.06202) Actual time node 197 = 0.04312 (S.D. = 0.01772) (0.01503, 0.08359) Actual time node 198 = 0.05656 (S.D. = 0.02070) (0.02308, 0.10454) Actual time node 199 = 0.01368 (S.D. = 0.01054) (0.00062, 0.03918) Actual time node 200 = 0.01173 (S.D. = 0.00911) (0.00049, 0.03447) Actual time node 201 = 0.02683 (S.D. = 0.01356) (0.00575, 0.05832) Actual time node 202 = 0.03653 (S.D. = 0.01542) (0.01227, 0.07163) Actual time node 203 = 0.01039 (S.D. = 0.00844) (0.00038, 0.03094) Actual time node 204 = 0.01564 (S.D. = 0.01138) (0.00075, 0.04349) Actual time node 205 = 0.02545 (S.D. = 0.01350) (0.00508, 0.05673) Actual time node 206 = 0.03903 (S.D. = 0.01665) (0.01267, 0.07733) Actual time node 207 = 0.05372 (S.D. = 0.02022) (0.02173, 0.10070) Actual time node 208 = 0.13775 (S.D. = 0.03470) (0.07583, 0.21256) Actual time node 209 = 0.03136 (S.D. = 0.01896) (0.00263, 0.07526) Actual time node 210 = 0.09080 (S.D. = 0.03443) (0.02709, 0.16195) Actual time node 211 = 0.13855 (S.D. = 0.03107) (0.08439, 0.20651) Actual time node 212 = 0.03900 (S.D. = 0.02076) (0.00443, 0.08472) Actual time node 213 = 0.06523 (S.D. = 0.02385) (0.02411, 0.11796) Actual time node 214 = 0.08704 (S.D. = 0.02666) (0.04125, 0.14665) Actual time node 215 = 0.09731 (S.D. = 0.02813) (0.04900, 0.16016) Actual time node 216 = 0.02266 (S.D. = 0.01597) (0.00122, 0.06130) Actual time node 217 = 0.03587 (S.D. = 0.02121) (0.00313, 0.08365) Actual time node 218 = 0.02843 (S.D. = 0.01702) (0.00252, 0.06758) Actual time node 219 = 0.04496 (S.D. = 0.01892) (0.01403, 0.08707) Actual time node 220 = 0.06569 (S.D. = 0.02312) (0.02747, 0.11871) Actual time node 221 = 0.01710 (S.D. = 0.01159) (0.00108, 0.04491) Actual time node 222 = 0.04042 (S.D. = 0.01789) (0.01159, 0.08105) Actual time node 223 = 0.01939 (S.D. = 0.01396) (0.00097, 0.05301) Actual time node 224 = 0.05496 (S.D. = 0.02193) (0.01818, 0.10441) Actual time node 225 = 0.07012 (S.D. = 0.02342) (0.03159, 0.12302) Actual time node 226 = 0.09981 (S.D. = 0.02719) (0.05387, 0.16060) Actual time node 227 = 0.12765 (S.D. = 0.02964) (0.07663, 0.19311) Actual time node 228 = 0.14526 (S.D. = 0.03098) (0.09166, 0.21379) Actual time node 229 = 0.15551 (S.D. = 0.03189) (0.09955, 0.22558) Actual time node 230 = 0.16635 (S.D. = 0.03311) (0.10898, 0.23970) Actual time node 231 = 0.18234 (S.D. = 0.03435) (0.12233, 0.25693) Actual time node 232 = 0.19956 (S.D. = 0.03638) (0.13533, 0.27808) Actual time node 233 = 0.21901 (S.D. = 0.03865) (0.15152, 0.30237) Actual time node 234 = 0.35091 (S.D. = 0.03247) (0.26831, 0.38878) Actual time node 235 = 0.43831 (S.D. = 0.05736) (0.33675, 0.56462) Actual time node 236 = 0.51661 (S.D. = 0.06851) (0.39668, 0.66604) Actual time node 237 = 0.73010 (S.D. = 0.08693) (0.56583, 0.90714) Actual time node 238 = 0.79806 (S.D. = 0.08717) (0.63321, 0.97516) Actual time node 239 = 1.01966 (S.D. = 0.10581) (0.81984, 1.23100) Actual time node 240 = 1.19871 (S.D. = 0.09773) (1.01060, 1.39384) Actual time node 241 = 1.52991 (S.D. = 0.00580) (1.52046, 1.53954) Actual time node 242 = 1.63292 (S.D. = 0.06543) (1.53650, 1.78332)