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Molecular Marine Microbiology J. Molec. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (1999) 1(1): 3-4. JMMBMarine Symposium Microbiology 3 Molecular Marine Microbiology Douglas H. Bartlett* describes the bacterial manufacturing of magnetic iron containing organelles (magnetosomes) within certain Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine benthic bacteria and their biotechnological promise in Scripps Institution of Oceanography products ranging from magnetic tapes to magnetic University of California, San Diego resonance imaging devices. La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, USA Two articles deal with mysterious motility mechanisms operating in marine microbes. Linda McCarter introduces surface-regulated phenomena, including swarming motility The following thirteen minireviews introduce some of the via lateral flagella, in the human pathogen and marine exciting milestones being covered in molecular marine resident, V. parahaemolyticus. Bianca Brahamsha details microbiology today, and in many cases, their biomedical the only known case of liquid motility in the absence of or biotechnological relevance. The issues covered include flagella, a phenotype displayed by many marine quorum and anti-quorum sensing, selected symbioses, Synechococcus species. DNA shuffling in the environment, the evolution and devel- The minireviews end with descriptions of the opment of novel motility mechanisms, hydrocarbon deg- adaptations of certain deep-sea prokaryotes to extremes radation, the interactions of microbes with metals, and of pressure and temperature. Kato and Qureshi present a adaptations to extremes of pressure and temperature. Al- taxomonic overview of deep-sea bacteria and genetic and though most of these topics are not exclusive to marine biophysical analyses of respiratory chain adaptations to realms, they all have as a common thread a profound rel- elevated pressure. My article describes genetic evidence evance to the ocean environment. for the role of additional membrane components in One of the great contributions of marine microbiology pressure-sensing and adaptation, the discovery of a DNA to all of microbiology has been the discovery of the impor- recombination enzyme which is also required for life at low tance of acylated homoserine lactones in cell density or volume change, and the potential of deep-sea bacteria as “quorum” sensing by bacteria. The paradigm for this mode a source of genes for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated of regulation, the control of bioluminescence in Vibrio fatty acids. Finally, Robb and Clark end our written fischeri, is described by Paul Dunlap. An entirely new light symposium with a discussion of the biochemical bases of on V. fischeri is provided by Ned Ruby, who describes how thermostability in proteins from hyperthermophiles, most this microorganism, along with a squid host with which it of which are members of the domain Archaea. has established a mutualistic association, is providing new Although this admittedly ecclectic collection of articles clues to bacterial colonization of animal epithelial tissue. A is hardly representative of all of molecular marine fascinating twist on quorum sensing is presented by Rice microbiology (for example, no articles dealing with viruses et al. who describe the synthesis of an inhibitor of bacte- or protists are included), the accompanying articles do rial quorum sensing systems by a species of red algae. provide a valuable glimpse into many of the exciting The inhibitor appears to represent a chemical strategy used developments taking place in this broad field. Readers will by the algae to limit bacterial colonization of its surfaces. find these articles useful both as reference sources and Additional aspects of bioactive metabolites involved in the as introductions to topics yet to be explored. symbiotic interactions of marine microorganisms is de- scribed by Haygood et al. who describe potential biomedi- cal applications of microbes obtained from marine inverte- brates. Of course microbes take in much more than cell-cell signaling molecules. Many prokaryotes can also take in DNA, and thus re-tailor their genetic identies. John Paul describes gene transfer among indiginous microbes in the environment and the significance of transformation, conjugation and transduction to phylogenetics. Additional microbial processing reactions which are of biotechnological relevance concern the applications of marine prokaryotes to environmental clean up and nano- scale biofabrication. Harayama et al. describe the fate of various petroleum components in seawater, and the significance of Alcanivorax in marine bioremediation. Francis and Tebo explore the details of manganese oxidation, progressing from genes to enzyme kinetics and applications to toxic metal removal. Finally, Dirk Schüler *For correspondence. Email [email protected]; Tel. 619-534-5233; Fax. 619-534-7313. © 1999 Horizon Scientific Press Further Reading Caister Academic Press is a leading academic publisher of advanced texts in microbiology, molecular biology and medical research. Full details of all our publications at caister.com • MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in Microbiology Edited by: M Kostrzewa, S Schubert (2016) www.caister.com/malditof • Aspergillus and Penicillium in the Post-genomic Era Edited by: RP Vries, IB Gelber, MR Andersen (2016) www.caister.com/aspergillus2 • The Bacteriocins: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects Edited by: RL Dorit, SM Roy, MA Riley (2016) www.caister.com/bacteriocins • Omics in Plant Disease Resistance Edited by: V Bhadauria (2016) www.caister.com/opdr • Acidophiles: Life in Extremely Acidic Environments Edited by: R Quatrini, DB Johnson (2016) www.caister.com/acidophiles • Climate Change and Microbial Ecology: Current Research and Future Trends Edited by: J Marxsen (2016) www.caister.com/climate • Biofilms in Bioremediation: Current Research and Emerging Technologies • Flow Cytometry in Microbiology: Technology and Applications Edited by: G Lear (2016) www.caister.com/biorem Edited by: MG Wilkinson (2015) www.caister.com/flow • Microalgae: Current Research and Applications • Probiotics and Prebiotics: Current Research and Future Trends Edited by: MN Tsaloglou (2016) www.caister.com/microalgae Edited by: K Venema, AP Carmo (2015) www.caister.com/probiotics • Gas Plasma Sterilization in Microbiology: Theory, Applications, Pitfalls and New Perspectives • Epigenetics: Current Research and Emerging Trends Edited by: H Shintani, A Sakudo (2016) Edited by: BP Chadwick (2015) www.caister.com/gasplasma www.caister.com/epigenetics2015 • Virus Evolution: Current Research and Future Directions • Corynebacterium glutamicum: From Systems Biology to Biotechnological Applications Edited by: SC Weaver, M Denison, M Roossinck, et al. 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