November, 1999 IHSN Month Section
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New Zealand's Genetic Diversity
1.13 NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6022, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The known genetic diversity represented by the New Zealand biota is reviewed and summarised, largely based on a recently published New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. All kingdoms and eukaryote phyla are covered, updated to refl ect the latest phylogenetic view of Eukaryota. The total known biota comprises a nominal 57 406 species (c. 48 640 described). Subtraction of the 4889 naturalised-alien species gives a biota of 52 517 native species. A minimum (the status of a number of the unnamed species is uncertain) of 27 380 (52%) of these species are endemic (cf. 26% for Fungi, 38% for all marine species, 46% for marine Animalia, 68% for all Animalia, 78% for vascular plants and 91% for terrestrial Animalia). In passing, examples are given both of the roles of the major taxa in providing ecosystem services and of the use of genetic resources in the New Zealand economy. Key words: Animalia, Chromista, freshwater, Fungi, genetic diversity, marine, New Zealand, Prokaryota, Protozoa, terrestrial. INTRODUCTION Article 10b of the CBD calls for signatories to ‘Adopt The original brief for this chapter was to review New Zealand’s measures relating to the use of biological resources [i.e. genetic genetic resources. The OECD defi nition of genetic resources resources] to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological is ‘genetic material of plants, animals or micro-organisms of diversity [e.g. genetic diversity]’ (my parentheses). -
Ringiculid Bubble Snails Recovered As the Sister Group to Sea Slugs
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ringiculid bubble snails recovered as the sister group to sea slugs (Nudipleura) Received: 13 May 2016 Yasunori Kano1, Bastian Brenzinger2,3, Alexander Nützel4, Nerida G. Wilson5 & Accepted: 08 July 2016 Michael Schrödl2,3 Published: 08 August 2016 Euthyneuran gastropods represent one of the most diverse lineages in Mollusca (with over 30,000 species), play significant ecological roles in aquatic and terrestrial environments and affect many aspects of human life. However, our understanding of their evolutionary relationships remains incomplete due to missing data for key phylogenetic lineages. The present study integrates such a neglected, ancient snail family Ringiculidae into a molecular systematics of Euthyneura for the first time, and is supplemented by the first microanatomical data. Surprisingly, both molecular and morphological features present compelling evidence for the common ancestry of ringiculid snails with the highly dissimilar Nudipleura—the most species-rich and well-known taxon of sea slugs (nudibranchs and pleurobranchoids). A new taxon name Ringipleura is proposed here for these long-lost sisters, as one of three major euthyneuran clades with late Palaeozoic origins, along with Acteonacea (Acteonoidea + Rissoelloidea) and Tectipleura (Euopisthobranchia + Panpulmonata). The early Euthyneura are suggested to be at least temporary burrowers with a characteristic ‘bubble’ shell, hypertrophied foot and headshield as exemplified by many extant subtaxa with an infaunal mode of life, while the expansion of the mantle might have triggered the explosive Mesozoic radiation of the clade into diverse ecological niches. The traditional gastropod subclass Euthyneura is a highly diverse clade of snails and slugs with at least 30,000 living species1,2. -
Marine Mollusca of Isotope Stages of the Last 2 Million Years in New Zealand
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232863216 Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia) Article in Journal- Royal Society of New Zealand · March 2011 DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 CITATIONS READS 19 690 1 author: Alan Beu GNS Science 167 PUBLICATIONS 3,645 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Integrating fossils and genetics of living molluscs View project Barnacle Limestones of the Southern Hemisphere View project All content following this page was uploaded by Alan Beu on 18 December 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. This article was downloaded by: [Beu, A. G.] On: 16 March 2011 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 935027131] Publisher Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37- 41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t918982755 Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia) AG Beua a GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand Online publication date: 16 March 2011 To cite this Article Beu, AG(2011) 'Marine Mollusca of isotope stages of the last 2 million years in New Zealand. Part 4. Gastropoda (Ptenoglossa, Neogastropoda, Heterobranchia)', Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 41: 1, 1 — 153 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2011.548763 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. -
The Cephalic Sensory Organs of Acteon Tornatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda Opisthobranchia) – Cellular Innervation Patterns As a Tool for Homologisation*
Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 55 (2006) Heft 3/4 Seiten 311–318 Bonn, November 2007 The cephalic sensory organs of Acteon tornatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda Opisthobranchia) – cellular innervation patterns as a tool for homologisation* Sid STAUBACH & Annette KLUSSMANN-KOLB1) 1)Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity – Phylogeny and Systematics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany *Paper presented to the 2nd International Workshop on Opisthobranchia, ZFMK, Bonn, Germany, September 20th to 22nd, 2006 Abstract. Gastropoda are guided by several sensory organs in the head region, referred to as cephalic sensory organs (CSOs). This study investigates the CSO structure in the opisthobranch, Acteon tornatilis whereby the innervation pat- terns of these organs are described using macroscopic preparations and axonal tracing techniques. A bipartite cephalic shield and a lateral groove along the ventral side of the cephalic shield was found in A. tornatilis. Four cerebral nerves can be described innervating different CSOs: N1: lip, N2: anterior cephalic shield and lateral groove, N3 and Nclc: posterior cephalic shield. Cellular innervation patterns of the cerebral nerves show characteristic and con- stant cell clusters in the CNS for each nerve. We compare these innervation patterns of A. tornatilis with those described earlier for Haminoea hydatis (STAUBACH et al. in press). Previously established homologisation criteria are used in order to homologise cerebral nerves as well as the organs innervated by these nerves. Evolutionary implications of this homologisation are discussed. Keywords. Haminoea hydatis, Cephalaspidea, axonal tracing, homology, innervation patterns, lip organ, Hancock´s organ. 1. INTRODUCTION Gastropoda are guided by several organs in the head re- phylogenetic position of Acteonoidea within Opistho- gion which are assumed to have primarily chemo- and branchia unsettled. -
Florida Keys Species List
FKNMS Species List A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T 1 Marine and Terrestrial Species of the Florida Keys 2 Phylum Subphylum Class Subclass Order Suborder Infraorder Superfamily Family Scientific Name Common Name Notes 3 1 Porifera (Sponges) Demospongia Dictyoceratida Spongiidae Euryspongia rosea species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 4 2 Fasciospongia cerebriformis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 5 3 Hippospongia gossypina Velvet sponge 6 4 Hippospongia lachne Sheepswool sponge 7 5 Oligoceras violacea Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 8 6 Spongia barbara Yellow sponge 9 7 Spongia graminea Glove sponge 10 8 Spongia obscura Grass sponge 11 9 Spongia sterea Wire sponge 12 10 Irciniidae Ircinia campana Vase sponge 13 11 Ircinia felix Stinker sponge 14 12 Ircinia cf. Ramosa species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 15 13 Ircinia strobilina Black-ball sponge 16 14 Smenospongia aurea species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey, Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 17 15 Thorecta horridus recorded from Keys by Wiedenmayer 18 16 Dendroceratida Dysideidae Dysidea etheria species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 19 17 Dysidea fragilis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 20 18 Dysidea janiae species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey; Tortugas survey, Wheaton list 21 19 Dysidea variabilis species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 22 20 Verongida Druinellidae Pseudoceratina crassa Branching tube sponge 23 21 Aplysinidae Aplysina archeri species from G.P. Schmahl, BNP survey 24 22 Aplysina cauliformis Row pore rope sponge 25 23 Aplysina fistularis Yellow tube sponge 26 24 Aplysina lacunosa 27 25 Verongula rigida Pitted sponge 28 26 Darwinellidae Aplysilla sulfurea species from G.P. -
Utility of H3-Genesequences for Phylogenetic Reconstruction – a Case Study of Heterobranch Gastropoda –*
Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 55 (2006) Heft 3/4 Seiten 191–202 Bonn, November 2007 Utility of H3-Genesequences for phylogenetic reconstruction – a case study of heterobranch Gastropoda –* Angela DINAPOLI1), Ceyhun TAMER1), Susanne FRANSSEN1), Lisha NADUVILEZHATH1) & Annette KLUSSMANN-KOLB1) 1)Department of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity – Phylogeny and Systematics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany *Paper presented to the 2nd International Workshop on Opisthobranchia, ZFMK, Bonn, Germany, September 20th to 22nd, 2006 Abstract. In the present study we assessed the utility of H3-Genesequences for phylogenetic reconstruction of the He- terobranchia (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Therefore histone H3 data were collected for 49 species including most of the ma- jor groups. The sequence alignment provided a total of 246 sites of which 105 were variable and 96 parsimony informa- tive. Twenty-four (of 82) first base positions were variable as were 78 of the third base positions but only 3 of the se- cond base positions. H3 analyses showed a high codon usage bias. The consistency index was low (0,210) and a substitution saturation was observed in the 3r d codon position. The alignment with the translation of the H3 DNA sequences to amino-acid sequences had no sites that were parsimony-informative within the Heterobranchia. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methodologies. Nodilittorina unifasciata was used as outgroup. The resolution of the deeper nodes was limited in this molecular study. The data themselves were not sufficient to clar- ify phylogenetic relationships within Heterobranchia. Neither the monophyly of the Euthyneura nor a step-by-step evo- lution by the “basal” groups was supported. -
Caenogastropoda
13 Caenogastropoda Winston F. Ponder, Donald J. Colgan, John M. Healy, Alexander Nützel, Luiz R. L. Simone, and Ellen E. Strong Caenogastropods comprise about 60% of living Many caenogastropods are well-known gastropod species and include a large number marine snails and include the Littorinidae (peri- of ecologically and commercially important winkles), Cypraeidae (cowries), Cerithiidae (creep- marine families. They have undergone an ers), Calyptraeidae (slipper limpets), Tonnidae extraordinary adaptive radiation, resulting in (tuns), Cassidae (helmet shells), Ranellidae (tri- considerable morphological, ecological, physi- tons), Strombidae (strombs), Naticidae (moon ological, and behavioral diversity. There is a snails), Muricidae (rock shells, oyster drills, etc.), wide array of often convergent shell morpholo- Volutidae (balers, etc.), Mitridae (miters), Buccin- gies (Figure 13.1), with the typically coiled shell idae (whelks), Terebridae (augers), and Conidae being tall-spired to globose or fl attened, with (cones). There are also well-known freshwater some uncoiled or limpet-like and others with families such as the Viviparidae, Thiaridae, and the shells reduced or, rarely, lost. There are Hydrobiidae and a few terrestrial groups, nota- also considerable modifi cations to the head- bly the Cyclophoroidea. foot and mantle through the group (Figure 13.2) Although there are no reliable estimates and major dietary specializations. It is our aim of named species, living caenogastropods are in this chapter to review the phylogeny of this one of the most diverse metazoan clades. Most group, with emphasis on the areas of expertise families are marine, and many (e.g., Strombidae, of the authors. Cypraeidae, Ovulidae, Cerithiopsidae, Triphori- The fi rst records of undisputed caenogastro- dae, Olividae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Tereb- pods are from the middle and upper Paleozoic, ridae, Turridae, Conidae) have large numbers and there were signifi cant radiations during the of tropical taxa. -
A Polyvalent and Universal Tool for Genomic Studies In
A polyvalent and universal tool for genomic studies in gastropod molluscs (Heterobranchia: Tectipleura) Juan Moles1 and Gonzalo Giribet1 1Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences April 28, 2020 Abstract Molluscs are the second most diverse animal phylum and heterobranch gastropods present ~44,000 species. These comprise fascinating creatures with a huge morphological and ecological disparity. Such great diversity comes with even larger phyloge- netic uncertainty and many taxa have been largely neglected in molecular assessments. Genomic tools have provided resolution to deep cladogenic events but generating large numbers of transcriptomes/genomes is expensive and usually requires fresh material. Here we leverage a target enrichment approach to design and synthesize a probe set based on available genomes and transcriptomes across Heterobranchia. Our probe set contains 57,606 70mer baits and targets a total of 2,259 ultra-conserved elements (UCEs). Post-sequencing capture efficiency was tested against 31 marine heterobranchs from major groups, includ- ing Acochlidia, Acteonoidea, Aplysiida, Cephalaspidea, Pleurobranchida, Pteropoda, Runcinida, Sacoglossa, and Umbraculida. The combined Trinity and Velvet assemblies recovered up to 2,211 UCEs in Tectipleura and up to 1,978 in Nudipleura, the most distantly related taxon to our core study group. Total alignment length was 525,599 bp and contained 52% informative sites and 21% missing data. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches recovered the monophyly of all orders tested as well as the larger clades Nudipleura, Panpulmonata, and Euopisthobranchia. The successful enrichment of diversely preserved material and DNA concentrations demonstrate the polyvalent nature of UCEs, and the universality of the probe set designed. We believe this probe set will enable multiple, interesting lines of research, that will benefit from an inexpensive and largely informative tool that will, additionally, benefit from the access to museum collections to gather genomic data. -
A New Phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) Based on Expanded Taxon Sampling and Gene Markers Q ⇑ Trond R
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 89 (2015) 130–150 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A new phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) based on expanded taxon sampling and gene markers q ⇑ Trond R. Oskars a, , Philippe Bouchet b, Manuel António E. Malaquias a a Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution Research Group, Section of Taxonomy and Evolution, Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway b Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7205, ISyEB, 55 rue de Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05, France article info abstract Article history: The Cephalaspidea is a diverse marine clade of euthyneuran gastropods with many groups still known Received 28 November 2014 largely from shells or scant anatomical data. The definition of the group and the relationships between Revised 14 March 2015 members has been hampered by the difficulty of establishing sound synapomorphies, but the advent Accepted 8 April 2015 of molecular phylogenetics is helping to change significantly this situation. Yet, because of limited taxon Available online 24 April 2015 sampling and few genetic markers employed in previous studies, many questions about the sister rela- tionships and monophyletic status of several families remained open. Keywords: In this study 109 species of Cephalaspidea were included covering 100% of traditional family-level Gastropoda diversity (12 families) and 50% of all genera (33 genera). Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenet- Euthyneura Bubble snails ics analyses based on two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) and two nuclear gene markers (28S rRNA and Cephalaspids Histone-3) were used to infer the relationships of Cephalaspidea. -
From the Marshall Islands, Including 57 New Records 1
Pacific Science (1983), vol. 37, no. 3 © 1984 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Notes on Some Opisthobranchia (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Marshall Islands, Including 57 New Records 1 SCOTT JOHNSON2 and LISA M. BOUCHER2 ABSTRACT: The rich opisthobranch fauna of the Marshall Islands has re mained largely unstudied because of the geographic remoteness of these Pacific islands. We report on a long-term collection ofOpisthobranchia assembled from the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Rongelap, and Ujelang . Fifty-seven new records for the Marshall Islands are recorded, raising to 103 the number of species reported from these islands. Aspects ofthe morphology, ecology, devel opment, and systematics of 76 of these species are discussed. THE OPISTHOBRANCH FAUNA OF THE Marshall viously named species are discussed, 57 of Islands, a group of 29 atolls and five single which are new records for the Marshall islands situated 3500 to 4400 km west south Islands (Table 1). west of Honolulu, Hawaii, is rich and varied but has not been reported on in any detail. Pre vious records of Marshall Islands' Opistho METHODS branchia record only 36 species and are largely restricted to three studies. Opisthobranchs The present collections were made on inter collected in the northern Marshalls during the tidal reefs and in shallow water by snorkeling period of nuclear testing (1946 to 1958) and and by scuba diving to depths of 25 m, both now in the U.S. National Museum, along with by day and night. additional material from Micronesia, were Descriptions, measurements, and color studied by Marcus (1965). -
Sepkoski, J.J. 1992. Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637 Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology Rodney Watkins, Editor (Reviewer for this paper was P.M. Sheehan) This publication is priced at $25.00 and may be obtained by writing to the Museum Gift Shop, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Orders must also include $3.00 for shipping and handling ($4.00 for foreign destinations) and must be accompanied by money order or check drawn on U.S. bank. Money orders or checks should be made payable to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Wisconsin residents please add 5% sales tax. In addition, a diskette in ASCII format (DOS) containing the data in this publication is priced at $25.00. Diskettes should be ordered from the Geology Section, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Specify 3Y. inch or 5Y. inch diskette size when ordering. Checks or money orders for diskettes should be made payable to "GeologySection, Milwaukee Public Museum," and fees for shipping and handling included as stated above. Profits support the research effort of the GeologySection. ISBN 0-89326-168-8 ©1992Milwaukee Public Museum Sponsored by Milwaukee County Contents Abstract ....... 1 Introduction.. ... 2 Stratigraphic codes. 8 The Compendium 14 Actinopoda. -
The Bubble Snails (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) of Mozambique: an Overlooked Biodiversity Hotspot
Mar Biodiv DOI 10.1007/s12526-016-0500-7 ORIGINAL PAPER The bubble snails (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) of Mozambique: an overlooked biodiversity hotspot Yara Tibiriçá1,2 & Manuel António E. Malaquias3 Received: 9 October 2015 /Revised: 14 March 2016 /Accepted: 17 April 2016 # The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This first account, dedicated to the shallow water Keywords Mollusca . Acteonoidea . Cephalaspidea . Sea marine heterobranch gastropods of Mozambique is presented slugs . Taxonomy . Biodiversity . Africa . Western Indian with a focus on the clades Acteonoidea and Cephalaspidea. Ocean Specimens were obtained as a result of sporadic sampling and two dedicated field campaigns between the years of 2012 and 2015, conducted along the northern and southern coasts of Introduction Mozambique. Specimens were collected by hand in the inter- tidal and subtidal reefs by snorkelling or SCUBA diving down The shallow water marine heterobranch gastropods (sea slugs to a depth of 33 m. Thirty-two species were found, of which and alikes) of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), an area con- 22 are new records to Mozambique and five are new for the fined between the East African coast and the Saya de Malha, Western Indian Ocean. This account raises the total number of Nazareth, and Cargados Carajos banks of the Mascarene shallow water Acteonoidea and Cephalaspidea known in Plateau (Obura 2012), have received little attention when Mozambique to 39 species, which represents approximately compared to other parts of the Indo-West Pacific, and most 50 % of the Indian Ocean diversity and 83 % of the diversity accounts are relatively old with few recent contributions (e.g.