Macalester International Volume 19 The Organization: What Article 6 Future?

Summer 2007 About the Authors

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Tonderai W. Chikuhwa is the Assistant to the Under-Secretary-Gen- eral in the Office of the Special Representative for Children and Armed Conflict at the United Nations. A 1996 graduate of Macalester College, he earned his Master of Social Science degree at the University of Cape Town in South Africa. He has been a Consultant in the Curricu- lum Development and Citizenship Education Unit of the Institute for Democracy in South Africa, the Personal Assistant to the Archbishop of South Africa, and a Child Protection Adviser with the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sierra Leone in the United Nations. In addition, he was a Junior Fellow in the Interna- tional Migration Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment for Inter- national Peace in Washington, D.C.

Francis M. Deng is a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the Kluge Cen- ter of the Library of Congress and Research Professor of International Politics, Law, and Society, and the Director of the Center for Displace- ment Studies at the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. He holds an LL.B. (Honours) from Khartoum University and an LL.M. and J.S.D. from Yale. He served as Representative of the U.N. Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons from 1992–2004. Earlier, he was Ambassador of the Sudan to the United States, Canada, and the Scandinavian countries, as well as Sudan’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs. His areas of expertise include conflict management, human rights, folklore, the role of law and culture in nation building, and refugee and immigration policy. Recent volumes include The United Nations, Networks, and the Future of Global Governance (2000); Masses in Flight: The Global Crisis of Internal Displacement (1998); The Forsaken People: Case Studies of the Internally Displaced (1998), and War of Visions: Conflict of Identities in the Sudan (1995). The winner of the 2004 Distinguished Africanist Award, given by the African Studies Association for lifetime achievement, he also received the 2005 Grawemeyer Award in Ideas Improving World Order.

Natalia Espejo ’07, originally from Lima, Peru, spent her formative years in Fargo, North Dakota. At Macalester, she majored in Politi- cal Science and International Studies. In 2006, she earned a Dorothy Dodge Scholarship for her outstanding achievement in the Political

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Science Department. She has also been honored as a Truman Scholar- ship finalist. While at Macalester, Natalia was the Co-President of Phi Sigma Alpha (Political Science Honor Society) and a student represen- tative on several curricular and co-curricular committees. She was also an active member of Macalester’s Student Government. Her academic interests include development and Latin American politics, as well as institutions of global governance. Natalia won the first annual Global Citizenship Award in 2007.

Nile Gardiner is the Bernard and Barbara Lomas Fellow at the Mar- garet Thatcher Center for Freedom in in Washington, D.C. Previously, he was Foreign Policy Researcher for former British Prime Minister , assisting with her book Statecraft: Strategies for a Changing World. He received his Ph.D. in History from and was awarded several academic scholarships. As a leading authority on the Anglo-U.S. special rela- tionship, the United Nations, and the U.S.-led alliance against inter- national terrorism and “rogue states,” Dr. Gardiner has advised the Executive Branch and the Congress of the United States. His work includes essays such as State of the Union 2006: America’s Global Leader- ship; Congress Should Investigate the United Nations Tsunami Relief Effort; U.N. Security Council Expansion is Not in the U.S. Interest; Kofi Annan’s Shrinking Credibility; The UN’s Heart of Darkness: Why Congress Must Investigate the Congo Scandal, and The Myth of US Isolation: Why America is Not Alone in the War on Terror. He has written for publications like The Boston Globe, Wall Street Journal, and International Herald Tribune. His media appearances include foreign policy analysis for CNN, MSNBC, BBC, , NPR, and Sky News.

Andrew Latham is the Associate Dean of the Institute for Global Citi- zenship at Macalester College. He earned his Ph.D. in Political Science at York University, , and his M.A. in Political Science from Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. He is the editor of Non-Prolif- eration, Agreements, Arrangements and Responses: Proceedings of the 1996 Canadian Non-Proliferation Workshop (1997) and Multilateral Approaches to Non-Proliferation: Proceedings of the 4th Canadian Non-Proliferation Workshop (1996). With Nick Hooper he edited The Future of the Defence Firm: New Challenges, New Directions (1995). His refereed articles include “Warfare Transformed: A Braudelian Perspective on the Revolution in Military Affairs,” European Journal of International Relations 8, no. 2 viii About the Authors

(2002) and “China in the American Geopolitical Imagination,” Asian Affairs: An American Review 28, no. 3 (Fall 2001).

Dianna J. Shandy is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Macal- ester College. She earned an M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. in Anthropol- ogy at Columbia University, and completed a B.S. in languages at Georgetown University. She teaches a broad spectrum of courses on Africa, refugees, humanitarian response, and transnational migration. Co-authored with David McCurdy and James P. Spradley, she wrote The Cultural Experience: Ethnography in Complex Society (2nd ed., 2005). With Elzbieta Gozdziak, she edited the Journal of Refugee Studies special issue on Religion and Forced Migration (2002). Her articles include, “A Comparison of the Integration Experiences of Two African Immigrant Populations in a Rural Community,” in Social Thought 25, no. 1 (with Katherine Fennelly, 2006) and “Transnational Linkages between Refu- gees in Africa and in the Diaspora,” in Forced Migration Review 16, no. 3 (2003). Her most recent book is titled Nuer-American Passages: Global- izing Sudanese Migration (2007).

Janice Gross Stein is the Belzberg Professor of Conflict Management and the Director of the Munk Centre for International Studies at the . She earned a Masters in International Relations at Yale and a Ph.D. in Political Science at McGill University. She is a Fellow of the and the author of numerous books and articles. She currently serves as Vice-Chair of the Education Advisory Board to the Minister of Defence, as a member of the Board of Royal Military College, and as a member of the Board of CARE Canada. Janice Stein was the Massey Lecturer in 2001. She is a Trudeau Fellow and was awarded the Molson Prize by the Canada Council for an outstanding contribution by a social scientist to public debate. She was recently elected as an Honorary Foreign Member to the American Academy of Arts and Science. Her interests include conflict resolution, globalization, and security issues. Among her most recent works are The Cult of Efficiency (2003) and Street Protests and Fantasy Parks: Global- ization, Culture and the State (2002). Her latest book is When No One is Watching: The Cost of Accountability and the Failure of Responsibility.

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