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Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu)

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Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu) University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Linguistics Linguistics 2015 Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu) Razia A. Husain University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Husain, Razia A., "Urdu Resultive Constructions (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu)" (2015). Theses and Dissertations-- Linguistics. 10. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/10 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Linguistics at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Linguistics by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Razia A. Husain, Student Dr. Gregory T. Stump, Major Professor Dr. Gregory T. Stump, Director of Graduate Studies URDU RESULTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS (A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTO-SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUND VERBS IN HINDI-URDU) THESIS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Linguistics in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Razia Husain Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Gregory T. Stump, Professor of Linguistics Lexington, Kentucky 2015 Copyright© Razia Husain 2015 ABSTRACT URDU RESULTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS (A Comparative Analysis of Syntacto-Semantic and Pragmatic Properties of the Compound Verbs in Hindi-Urdu) Among Urdu’s many verb+verb constructions, this thesis focuses on those constructions, which combine the stem of a main content verb with another inflected verb which is used in a semantically bleached sense. Prior work on these constructions has been focused on their structural make-up and syntactic behavior in various environments. While there is consensus among scholars (Butt 1995, Hook 1977, Carnikova 1989, Porizka 2000 et al.) that these stem+verb constructions encode aspectual information, to date no clear theory has been put forward to explain the nature of their aspectual contribution. In short, we do not have a clear idea why these constructions are used instead of simple verbs. This work is an attempt to understand the precise function of these constructions. I propose that simple verbs (henceforth SV) in Urdu deal only with the action of the verb whereas (regardless of the semantic information contributed by the second inflected verb,1) the stem+verb constructions essentially deal with the action of the verb as well as the state of affairs resulting from this action. The event represented by these constructions is essentially a telic event as defined by Comrie (1976), whose resultant state is highlighted from the use of these constructions. The attention of the listener is then shifted to the result of this telic event, whose salience in the discourse is responsible for various interpretations of the event; hence my term ‘resultive construction’ (henceforth RC). When these constructions are made using the four special verbs (rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’), the product is not resultive. Each of these verbs behaves differently and is somewhere between a resultive and an auxiliary verb construction. This work can be extended to other verb-verb construction in Urdu and other related and non-related languages as well. The analysis of the precise function of the RCs can also help in developing a model for them in various functional grammars. The proposed properties of RCs can be utilized in the semantic analysis of the Urdu quantifiers. This work should aid in identification and explanation of constructions in other languages, particularly those that are non-negatable under normal contexts. Keywords: Hindi-Urdu compound verbs, complex predicates, telic events, non-negatable verbs, light verbs, verb-verb constructions, resultative constructions, factitive constructions Razia Husain June 22, 2015 1 All second inflected verbs with the exception of four special verbs rah ‘stay’, sak ‘can’, paa ‘manage’ and cuk ‘finish’. These four special verbs are either auxiliaries or modals as identified in prior literature. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I certify that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non- exclusive, and royalty free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s thesis including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Razia Husain, Student Dr. Gregory T. Stump, Director of Thesis Dr. Gregory T. Stump, Director of Graduate Studies URDU RESULTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS (A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTO-SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOUND VERBS IN HINDI-URDU) By Razia Husain Dr. Gregory T. Stump Director of Thesis Gregory T. Stump Director of Graduate Studies June 8, 2015 i DEDICATION To my parents, Zubeida and Dr. Syed Sabir Ali And The people of Northern Sub-continent who speak the multitude of Hindi-Urdu dialects. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been accomplished without the help and insight I received from a number of people both in and outside of the country. I had long productive pre-discussions with Dr. Stump without which narrowing down my topic and finding my way through the maze of linguistics analysis would have been impossible. He provided detailed comments on every section of this document and helped expand my perspectives on various issues I struggled with at every stage of the thesis. Dr. Fabiola Henri, my second committee member was an invaluable resource for all things syntax. Her discerning advice was crucial for the analysis needed for this thesis. In addition to dedicating her time and expertise, she was also a welcome resource for books on the subjects. The third member of my committee, Dr. Edward (Rusty) Barrett, contributed his insight on semantic and discourse analysis of these constructions. In addition to my committee members mentioned above, it would be amiss of me if I did not mention Dr. Mark Lauersdorf, who was my constant source of direction and encouragement. I am indebted to the, often very long, productive conversations on various topics that are discussed in this thesis; he not only provided a patient set of ears to my ramblings but also posed insightful questions and gave constructive feedback, which helped in developing the proposed function of resultive constructions in this thesis. I am also grateful for the frustratingly long, but meaningful exchange of ideas with my sister Fauzia Ali who was my sounding board and my rock, all rolled in one. She was also my confirmation resource on Urdu language and was ever available for an intellectually charged conversation, day or night. My roommate and colleague Sedigheh Moradi also gave me great moral support and constructive feedback on this thesis. In addition to face-to-face conversations and help, I received long-distance support and help both in terms of reference literature and theoretical discussions. Dr. Peter Hook, retired professor from University of Virginia introduced me to past work on Hindi-Urdu compound verbs not readily found through normal searches, and Dr.
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