DOCSLIB.ORG

Representations of Prostitution on the Elizabethan and Jacobean Stage Trish Thomas Henley

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Representations of Prostitution on the Elizabethan and Jacobean Stage Trish Thomas Henley Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Dealers in hole-sale: Representations of Prostitution on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage Trish Thomas Henley Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES DEALERS IN HOLE-SALE: REPRESENTATIONS OF PROSTITUTION ON THE ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN STAGE By Trish Thomas Henley A Dissertation submitted to the Department of English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2007 UMI Number: 3282617 UMI Microform 3282617 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Trish Thomas Henley defended on April 9th, 2007. _________________________ Bruce Boehrer Professor Directing Dissertation _________________________ W. Jeffrey Tatum Outside Committee Member _________________________ Celia R. Daileader Committee Member _________________________ David Johnson Committee Member _________________________ Gary Taylor Committee Member _________________________ Daniel Vitkus Committee Member Approved: _________________________ Ralph Berry, Chair, Department of English _________________________ Joseph Travis, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...............................................................................................................v INTRODUCTION. WHAT LIES BENEATH: MIMESIS, THEATRICAL TRANSVETITISM, AND THE PROSTITUTE STAGED...........................1 Theatrical Mimesis......................................................................................4 The Early Modern Gaze..............................................................................8 The Prostitute Staged ..................................................................................17 1. MEDIEVAL AND TUDOR ATTITUDES TOWARD PROSTITUTION....28 The Early Modern and Postmodern Prostitute............................................28 Catholic Saints, Protestant Martyrs, and the Crux of the Material Body ...33 Saintly Whores............................................................................................40 The Whore of Babylon................................................................................55 2. THE MATERIAL CONDITIONS OF THE EARLY MODERN PROSTITUTE.............................................................................................59 Feminists, Sex, and Whores—Oh my! .......................................................60 English Law and Prostitution: A Brief History...........................................65 The Material Conditions of Elizabethan Prostitution .................................75 Geography, the Theaters, and Prostitution..................................................79 3. “THEY DO BUT BUY THEIR THRALDOMS”: MARRIAGE AS PROSTITUTION........................................................................................82 Early Modern Marriage Contracts ..............................................................83 Everyone’s Price Is Written on his Back ....................................................86 Nuns and Prostitutes ...................................................................................91 Isabella’s Silent Consent?...........................................................................104 4. “I THINK THEY THINK ME A VERY LADY”: SOCIAL-CLIMBING AND THE PROSTITUTE ..........................................................................106 Velvet Women Within................................................................................108 Ride and be Ridden.....................................................................................118 Selling Yourself..........................................................................................121 The Market as Dangerous Fantasy..............................................................126 5. “CRACKED IN THE RING”: CHANGEABLE PROSTITUTES AND THE LONDON MARKETPLACE.....................................................................129 The Prostitute as Market Allegory..............................................................130 iii Dirty Money ................................................................................................134 6. DESDEMONA UNPINNED: PROSTITUTES ON PARADE ON THE RESTORATION STAGE...........................................................................150 Enter the Whore ..........................................................................................161 The Interpellating Mirror ............................................................................166 REFERENCES ................................................................................................170 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ...............................................................................191 iv ABSTRACT This study focuses on the representation of prostitution on the Elizabethan and Jacobean stage. After delineating the historical, religious, and juridical contexts of medieval and early modern whoredom and prostitution, this study provides a close reading of representations of prostitution in several late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century plays, including works by Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Thomas Middleton and Ben Jonson. Arguing that the theatrical convention of transvestitism allows pre-Interregnum playwrights to use the sexual ideology of whoredom as an analogy, the dissertation traces the playwrights’ use of prostitutes to indict various “social ills,” from the chaotic proto-capitalist market to the class-climbing of the middling sort. The study concludes by claiming that these analogies are foreclosed when the Restoration actress takes the stage. Once the female body inhabits these roles, these roles are no longer analogous; instead, the staged prostitute is limited to the embodiment of the patriarchal nightmare of uncontrolled feminine sexuality. v INTRODUCTION WHAT LIES BENEATH: MIMESIS, THEATRICAL TRANSVESTITISM, AND THE PROSTITUTE STAGED This project began as an inquiry into the theatrical analogy between the prostitute and the marketplace in early sixteenth-century city comedies. After reading Jonson’s Bartholomew Fair and Middleton’s A Chaste Maide in Cheapside, I expected to find a fairly homogenous representation of courtesans and prostitutes as metonymic of the proto-capitalist market.1 The terms of comparison seemed obvious: both the prostitute and goods in the market circulate; the prostitute is her own commodity, allowing for a critique of usurious market practices as unnaturally productive; like the theater, the prostitute might represent a debased market microcosm where what is sold is seemingly without “real” value.2 Though I certainly found plays where the prostitute worked in exactly the manner I expected, I also discovered plays where the staged prostitute exposed hypocrisy and double standards in early modern culture, such as the exchange of women between men in licit marriages. Even within the city comedy, a genre overtly concerned with city stereotypes and economics, the representation of prostitutes does not function simply as a moralistic condemnation of the unnaturally propagative and usurious market nor is the prostitute limited to an embodiment of the patriarchal nightmare of uncontrolled female sexuality. Instead, playwrights employ the prostitute in a variety of metaphoric analogies, analogies that are not always indifferent to the plight of women in general or even the prostitute specifically. Certainly, all early modern representations of the prostitute, even the most sympathetic, reiterate misogynist sexual ideology. The prostitute represents the prodigious example of 1 Throughout the beginning of this introduction I am, for the sake of clarity, using our modern connotations of a “courtesan” as women who exchange sex for material gain or higher status and “prostitute” as one who exchanges sex for monetary gain. These “categories” though are not stable, even by modern definitions. In the Webster’s New College Dictionary, the courtesan is described as “a prostitute; esp. a mistress of a king, or a man of wealth or nobility,” while the OED defines “courtesan” as “a court-mistress; a woman of the town, a prostitute” (n2). Thus, though our connotations seem to imply a clearer delineation, the denotations define a courtesan as a type of prostitute. The difference in both the denotation and the connotation is simply one of class and number of customers, a fact that will become clearer in later discussions of the prostitute. For the early modern prostitute, these categories are even more thoroughly elided. Later in this chapter, I will discuss in more detail the early modern terminology of prostitution. 2 For an insightful comparison of theater and prostitution, see Joseph Lenz’s “Base Trade: Theater as Prostitution” ELH 60:4 (1993): 833-55. 1 whoredom, and in the playwrights’ various denunciations, they make use of the prostitute’s ability to express insatiable appetite, moral degradation, the contaminated body, and the devil’s
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Girl in the Woods: on Fairy Stories and the Virgin Horror
    Journal of Tolkien Research Volume 10 Issue 1 J.R.R. Tolkien and the works of Joss Article 3 Whedon 2020 The Girl in the Woods: On Fairy Stories and the Virgin Horror Brendan Anderson University of Vermont, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch Recommended Citation Anderson, Brendan (2020) "The Girl in the Woods: On Fairy Stories and the Virgin Horror," Journal of Tolkien Research: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/journaloftolkienresearch/vol10/iss1/3 This Peer-Reviewed Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Christopher Center Library at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Tolkien Research by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Anderson: The Girl in the Woods THE GIRL IN THE WOODS: ON FAIRY STORIES AND THE VIRGIN HORROR INTRODUCTION The story is an old one: the maiden, venturing out her door, ignores her guardian’s prohibitions and leaves the chosen path. Fancy draws her on. She picks the flow- ers. She revels in her freedom, in the joy of being young. Then peril appears—a wolf, a monster, something with teeth for gobbling little girls—and she learns, too late, there is more to life than flowers. The girl is destroyed, but then—if she is lucky—she returns a woman. According to Maria Tatar (while quoting Catherine Orenstein): “the girl in the woods embodies ‘complex and fundamental human concerns’” (146), a state- ment at least partly supported by its appearance in the works of both Joss Whedon and J.R.R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Fashion
    ^ jmnJinnjiTLrifiriniin/uuinjirirLnnnjmA^^ iJTJinjinnjiruxnjiJTJTJifij^^ LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA FROM THE LIBRARY OF F. VON BOSCHAN X-K^IC^I Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/evolutionoffashiOOgardiala I Hhe Sbolution of ifashion BY FLORENCE MARY GARDINER Author of ^'Furnishings and Fittings for Every Home" ^^ About Gipsies," SIR ROBERT BRUCE COTTON. THE COTTON PRESS, Granvii^le House, Arundel Street, VV-C- TO FRANCES EVELYN, Countess of Warwick, whose enthusiastic and kindly interest in all movements calculated to benefit women is unsurpassed, This Volume, by special permission, is respectfully dedicated, BY THE AUTHOR. in the year of Her Majesty Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, 1897. I I I PREFACE. T N compiling this volume on Costume (portions of which originally appeared in the Lndgate Ilhistrated Magazine, under the editorship of Mr. A. J. Bowden), I desire to acknowledge the valuable assistance I have received from sources not usually available to the public ; also my indebtedness to the following authors, from whose works I have quoted : —Mr. Beck, Mr. R. Davey, Mr. E. Rimmel, Mr. Knight, and the late Mr. J. R. Planchd. I also take this opportunity of thanking Messrs, Liberty and Co., Messrs. Jay, Messrs. E. R, Garrould, Messrs. Walery, Mr. Box, and others, who have offered me special facilities for consulting drawings, engravings, &c., in their possession, many of which they have courteously allowed me to reproduce, by the aid of Miss Juh'et Hensman, and other artists. The book lays no claim to being a technical treatise on a subject which is practically inexhaustible, but has been written with the intention of bringing before the general public in a popular manner circumstances which have influenced in a marked degree the wearing apparel of the British Nation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pirates' Who's Who, by Philip Gosse 1
    The Pirates' Who's Who, by Philip Gosse 1 The Pirates' Who's Who, by Philip Gosse The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Pirates' Who's Who, by Philip Gosse This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Pirates' Who's Who Giving Particulars Of The Lives and Deaths Of The Pirates And Buccaneers Author: Philip Gosse Release Date: October 17, 2006 [EBook #19564] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PIRATES' WHO'S WHO *** Produced by Suzanne Shell, Christine D. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's note. Many of the names in this book (even outside quoted passages) are inconsistently spelt. I have chosen to retain the original spelling treating these as author error rather than typographical carelessness. THE PIRATES' The Pirates' Who's Who, by Philip Gosse 2 WHO'S WHO Giving Particulars of the Lives & Deaths of the Pirates & Buccaneers BY PHILIP GOSSE ILLUSTRATED BURT FRANKLIN: RESEARCH & SOURCE WORKS SERIES 119 Essays in History, Economics & Social Science 51 BURT FRANKLIN NEW YORK Published by BURT FRANKLIN 235 East 44th St., New York 10017 Originally Published: 1924 Printed in the U.S.A. Library of Congress Catalog Card No.: 68-56594 Burt Franklin: Research & Source Works Series 119 Essays in History, Economics & Social Science
    [Show full text]
  • The French Hood – What It Is and What It Is Not
    The French Hood – what it is and what it is not By Lady Alliette Delecourt (mka Irina Lubomirska) 1 Author’s note on images Most images used in this paper are digital copies of artworks of long-dead artists and are therefore public domain. However, there are a number of photographs of funerary sculpture that are fundamental for this paper. I have contacted the photographers and have written permission from them to use the images for this purpose. Links to the source of the image are provided. Brief history of the French hood The French hood originates in France, or more precisely Brittany, with its earliest versions being worn by Anne of Brittany in late 15 th century. It becomes popular in England from 1530s. Anne Boleyn is often credited with introducing the hood to England, although Princess Mary Tudor (Henry VIII’s sister) is seen wearing the hood earlier, in 1516 (see Figure 11 below). Upper class French women abandon the French hood by the end of 1560s, but it continues to be worn in England until the end of the 16 th century and (although not fashionably) several decades into the 17 th century. The common representation of the French hood The popular belief about French hoods seems to be that it is a rigid headdress with a crescent- shaped protrusion on top, often decorated with jewels. That is certainly how the French hood is portrayed in movies – the examples below are screenshots from “The Other Boleyn Girl”, “Anne of a Thousand Days” and “A Man for All Seasons” respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Communities in the Buffyerse
    Buffy, Angel, and the Creation of Virtual Communities By Mary Kirby Diaz Professor, Sociology-Anthropology Department Farmingdale State University of New York Abstract The Internet has provided a powerful medium for the creation of virtual communities. In the case of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel: the Series, the community is comprised of fans whose commonality is their love of the universe created by the producers, writers, cast and crew of these two television series. This paper will explore the current status of the major ongoing communities of Buffy and Angel fans, and the support that binds them into a “real” virtual community. “The Internet, you know... The bitch goddess that I love and worship and hate. You know, we found out we have a fan base on the Internet. They came together as a family on the Internet, a huge, goddamn deal. It's so important to everything the show has been and everything the show has done – I can't say enough about it.' (http://filmforce.ign.com/articles/425/425492p10.html: IGGN. Introduction [1]This is the first of a projected series of short sociological studies dealing with the general subject of the Buffyverse fandom. Subsequent project topics include (1) canonical and non-canonical love in the Buffyverse (Bangels, Spuffies, Spangels, etc.), (2) fanfiction (writers and readers), (3) unpopular canonical decisions, (4) a review of the relevant literature on fandom, (5) the delineation of character loyalty, (6) the fancon, (7) the Buffyverse as entrepreneur, and (8) predictions about the Buffista and Angelista fandom over the next five years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clan Gillean
    Ga-t, $. Mac % r /.'CTJ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from National Library of Scotland http://archive.org/details/clangilleanwithpOOsinc THE CLAN GILLEAN. From a Photograph by Maull & Fox, a Piccadilly, London. Colonel Sir PITZROY DONALD MACLEAN, Bart, CB. Chief of the Clan. v- THE CLAN GILLEAN BY THE REV. A. MACLEAN SINCLAIR (Ehartottftcton HASZARD AND MOORE 1899 PREFACE. I have to thank Colonel Sir Fitzroy Donald Maclean, Baronet, C. B., Chief of the Clan Gillean, for copies of a large number of useful documents ; Mr. H. A. C. Maclean, London, for copies of valuable papers in the Coll Charter Chest ; and Mr. C. R. Morison, Aintuim, Mr. C. A. McVean, Kilfinichen, Mr. John Johnson, Coll, Mr. James Maclean, Greenock, and others, for collecting- and sending me genea- logical facts. I have also to thank a number of ladies and gentlemen for information about the families to which they themselves belong. I am under special obligations to Professor Magnus Maclean, Glasgow, and Mr. Peter Mac- lean, Secretary of the Maclean Association, for sending me such extracts as I needed from works to which I had no access in this country. It is only fair to state that of all the help I received the most valuable was from them. I am greatly indebted to Mr. John Maclean, Convener of the Finance Committee of the Maclean Association, for labouring faithfully to obtain information for me, and especially for his efforts to get the subscriptions needed to have the book pub- lished. I feel very much obliged to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Zombies, Reavers, Butchers, and Actuals in Joss Whedon's Work Gerry Canavan Marquette University, [email protected]
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette English Faculty Research and Publications English, Department of 1-1-2012 Zombies, Reavers, Butchers, and Actuals in Joss Whedon's Work Gerry Canavan Marquette University, [email protected] Published version. "Zombies, Reavers, Butchers, and Actuals in Joss Whedon's Work," in Joss Whedon: The Complete Companion: The TV Series, The Movies, The Comic Books and More. Ed. PopMatters Media. London: Titan Books, 2012: 285-297. Publisher Link. © 2012 Titan Books. Used with permission. FIREFLY 3.10 3.10 Zombies, Reavers, Butchers, and Actuals in Joss Whedon's Work Gerry Canavan For all the standard horror movie monsters Joss Whedon took up in Buffy and Angel-vampires, of course, but also ghosts, demons, werewolves, witches, Frankenstein's monster, the Devil, mummies, haunted puppets, the Creature from the Black Lagoon, the "bad boyfriend," and so on-you'd think there would have been more zombies. In twelve years of television across both series zombies appear in only a handful of episodes. They attack almost as an afterthought at Buffy's drama-laden homecoming party early in Buffy Season 3 ("Dead Man's Party" 3.2); they completely ruin Xander's evening in "The Zeppo" (3.13) later that same season; they patrol Angel's Los Angeles neighborhood in "The Thin Dead Line" (2.14) in Angel Season 2; they stalk the halls of Wolfram & Hart in "Habeas Corpses" (4.8) in Angel Season 4. A single zombie comes back from the dead to work things out with the girlfriend who poisoned him in a subplot in "Provider" (3.12) in Angel Season 3; Adam uses science to reanimate dead bodies to make his lab assistants near the end of Buffy Season 4 ("Primeval" 4.21); zombies guard a fail-safe device in the basement of Wolfram & Hart in "You're Welcome" (3.12) in Angel Season 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Customer Order Form July
    ORDERS PREVIEWS world.com DUE th 18 JULY 2015 JULY COMIC THE SHOP’S PREVIEWSPREVIEWS CATALOG CUSTOMER ORDER FORM CUSTOMER 601 7 Jul15 Cover ROF and COF.indd 1 6/4/2015 4:42:12 PM July15 C2 Future Dude.indd 1 6/4/2015 2:33:44 PM COLDER: TEENAGE MUTANT TOSS THE BONES #1 NINJA TURTLES #50 DARK HORSE COMICS IDW PUBLISHING BATMAN #44 DC COMICS THE PAYBACKS #1 STAR WARS: DARK HORSE COMICS ARTIFACT EDITION HC IDW PUBLISHING TOKYO GHOST #1 IMAGE COMICS CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE SANDMAN: WHITE #1 OVERTURE #6 PLUTONA #1 MARVEL COMICS DC COMICS/VERTIGO IMAGE COMICS July15 Gem Page ROF COF.indd 1 6/4/2015 11:44:21 AM COMIC BOOKS & GRAPHIC NOVELS Jughead #1 l ARCHIE COMIC PUBLICATIONS Crossed +100 Volume 1 TP/HC l AVATAR PRESS INC Wild’s End: The Enemy Within #1 l BOOM! STUDIOS Peanuts: A Tribute to Charles M. Schulz HC l BOOM! STUDIOS Aliens/Vampirella #1 l D. E./DYNAMITE ENTERTAINMENT Alice Cooper Vs. Chaos #1 l D. E./DYNAMITE ENTERTAINMENT FEATURED ITEMS Step Aside Pops: A Hark! A Vagrant Collection HC l DRAWN & QUARTERLY COMIC BOOKS & GRAPHIC NOVELS Usagi Yojimbo: Special Edition SC l FANTAGRAPHICS BOOKS Jughead #1 l ARCHIE COMIC PUBLICATIONS Rick & Morty Volume 1 TP l ONI PRESS INC. Crossed +100 Volume 1 TP/HC l AVATAR PRESS INC Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Year Two #1 l TITAN COMICS Wild’s End: The Enemy Within #1 l BOOM! STUDIOS Doctor Who: The Eleventh Doctor Year Two #1 l TITAN COMICS 1 Peanuts: A Tribute to Charles M.
    [Show full text]
  • Hats and Headdresses
    Hats and Headdresses WN 704 $17.00 WN 701 $10.00 14th-15th Century Hennin Wimple Hat Two styles of Hennin Includes Wimple, Hood, coif, and veil Two styles of Hennin. Popular for a variety of medieval looks. WN 702 $10.00 th th Templer Hat during the 14 and 15 century, Features padded roll with false many noble women shaved their coxcomb, templer back and head so that the Hennin would false liripipe. This hat wear properly. High foreheads reminiscent of medieval Dutch were considered beautiful. Modern headwear. hair can be pulled under the Hennin for a period look. WN 703 $10.00 FF 02 $17.00 Men’s Hats and Caps Headwear Extraordinaire Pattern includes a variety of Contains patterns for 3 bag hats, flat men’s headwear from 14th-16th cap, mob cap, Robin Hood hat, century as shown. PP 52 $22.00 jester’s hood, wizard hat, th Tudor Era Headdresses Renaissance cap, and two 19 A variety of headdresses as century crowned bonnets suitable for pictured covering the time period Dickens event. 1490-1580 AD MR GB $6.00 MR RH $10.00 Glengarry Bonnet Randulf’s The Glengarry is a Scottish MR Coif $4.00 Round Hats bonnet with a military flair. This Randulf's Arming Coif This pattern contains many hats cap is said to have been Sizes: Multisized popular at Renaissance faires and invented by McDonnell of This is a simple pattern for a two- Highland games: flat cap, muffin Glengarry for King George IV’s panel, stretchy, close-fitting hood. It cap, Beret, Tam O’Shanter, 1828 visit to the highlands.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Costume Dictionary
    The Complete Costume Dictionary Elizabeth J. Lewandowski The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 2011 Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 http://www.scarecrowpress.com Estover Road, Plymouth PL6 7PY, United Kingdom Copyright © 2011 by Elizabeth J. Lewandowski Unless otherwise noted, all illustrations created by Elizabeth and Dan Lewandowski. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lewandowski, Elizabeth J., 1960– The complete costume dictionary / Elizabeth J. Lewandowski ; illustrations by Dan Lewandowski. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8108-4004-1 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-7785-6 (ebook) 1. Clothing and dress—Dictionaries. I. Title. GT507.L49 2011 391.003—dc22 2010051944 ϱ ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America For Dan. Without him, I would be a lesser person. It is the fate of those who toil at the lower employments of life, to be rather driven by the fear of evil, than attracted by the prospect of good; to be exposed to censure, without hope of praise; to be disgraced by miscarriage or punished for neglect, where success would have been without applause and diligence without reward.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Garden Culture
    Byzantine Garden Culture Byzantine Garden Culture edited by Antony Littlewood, Henry Maguire, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 2002 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Byzantine garden culture / edited by Antony Littlewood, Henry Maguire and Joachim Wolschke- Bulmahn. p. cm. Papers presented at a colloquium in November 1996 at Dumbarton Oaks. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) ISBN 0-88402-280-3 (alk. paper) 1. Gardens, Byzantine—Byzantine Empire—History—Congresses. 2. Byzantine Empire— Civilization—Congresses. I. Littlewood, Antony Robert. II. Maguire, Henry, 1943– III. Wolschke- Bulmahn, Joachim. SB457.547 .B97 2001 712'.09495—dc21 00-060020 To the memory of Robert Browning Contents Preface ix List of Abbreviations xi The Study of Byzantine Gardens: Some Questions and Observations from a Garden Historian 1 Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn The Scholarship of Byzantine Gardens 13 Antony Littlewood Paradise Withdrawn 23 Henry Maguire Byzantine Monastic Horticulture: The Textual Evidence 37 Alice-Mary Talbot Wild Animals in the Byzantine Park 69 Nancy P. Sevcenko Byzantine Gardens and Horticulture in the Late Byzantine Period, 1204–1453: The Secular Sources 87 Costas N. Constantinides Theodore Hyrtakenos’ Description of the Garden of St. Anna and the Ekphrasis of Gardens 105 Mary-Lyon Dolezal and Maria Mavroudi Khpopoii?a: Garden Making and Garden Culture in the Geoponika 159 Robert Rodgers Herbs of the Field and Herbs of the Garden in Byzantine Medicinal Pharmacy 177 John Scarborough The Vienna Dioskorides and Anicia Juliana 189 Leslie Brubaker viii Contents Possible Future Directions 215 Antony Littlewood Bibliography 231 General Index 237 Index of Greek Words 260 Preface It is with great pleasure that we welcome the reader to this, the first volume ever put together on the subject of Byzantine gardens.
    [Show full text]
  • 9780008381684.Pdf
    Once again to Mary Robertson: after my right harty commendacions, and with spede. “Am I not a man like other men? Am I not? Am I not?” HENRY VIII to Eustache Chapuys, Imperial Ambassador Contents Cast of Characters Family Trees Part One I Falcons. Wolf Hall, Wiltshire: September 1535 II Crows. London and Kimbolton: Autumn 1535 III Angels. London: Christmas 1535–New Year 1536 Part Two I The Black Book. London: January–April 1536 II Master of Phantoms. London: May 1536 III Spoils. London: Summer 1536 Author’s Note Acknowledgements Cast of Characters The Cromwell Household THOMAS CROMWELL, a blacksmith’s son: now Secretary to the King, Master of the Rolls, Chancellor of Cambridge University, and deputy to the king as head of the church in England. GREGORY CROMWELL, his son. RICHARD CROMWELL, his nephew. RAFE SADLER, his chief clerk, brought up by Cromwell as his son. HELEN, RAFE’S beautiful wife. THOMAS AVERY, the household accountant. THURSTON, his master cook. CHRISTOPHE, a servant. DICK PURSER, keeper of the watchdogs. ANTHONY, a jester. The Dead THOMAS WOLSEY, cardinal, papal legate, Lord Chancellor: dismissed from office, arrested and died, 1530. JOHN FISHER, Bishop of Rochester: executed 1535. THOMAS MORE, Lord Chancellor after Wolsey: executed 1535. ELIZABETH, ANNE AND GRACE CROMWELL: Thomas Cromwell’s wife and daughters, died 1527–28: also Katherine Williams and Elizabeth Wellyfed, his sisters. The King’s Family HENRY VIII. ANNE BOLEYN, his second wife. ELIZABETH, Anne’s infant daughter, heir to the throne. HENRY FITZROY, Duke of Richmond, the king’s illegitimate son. The King’s Other Family KATHERINE OF ARAGON, Henry’s first wife, divorced and under house arrest at Kimbolton.
    [Show full text]