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(Eds.) the Economy of the North 2008 112 Statistiske analyser Statistical Analyses Solveig Glomsrød and Iulie Aslaksen (eds.) The Economy of the North 2008 IjWj_ij_iai[djhWbXohIjWj_ij_YiDehmWo Oslo–Kongsvinger Statistiske analyser I denne serien publiseres analyser av statistikk om sosiale, demografiske og økonomiske forhold til en bredere leser- krets. Fremstillingsformen er slik at publikasjonene kan leses også av personer uten spesialkunnskaper om statistikk eller bearbeidingsmetoder. Statistical Analyses In this series, Statistics Norway publishes analyses of social, demographic and economic statistics, aimed at a wider circle of readers. These publications can be read without any special knowledge of statistics and statistical methods. © Statistics Norway, November 2009 When using material from this publication, please give Statistics Norway as your source. Standard symbols in the tables Symbol ISBN 978-82-537-7691-0 Printed version Category not applicable . ISBN 978-82-537-7692-7 Electronic version Data not available .. ISSN 0804-3221 Data not yet available ... Not for publication : Subject 00.00.30 International overviews Nil - 01.02 Resources Less than 0.5 of the unit employed 0 01.03 Climate Less than 0.05 of the unit employed 0.0 09 National economy and external trade Provisional or preliminary figure * Break in the homogeneity of a vertical series — Design/cover: Siri E. Boquist Photo: Scanpix Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series | Print: Statistics Norway Revised since the previous issue r The Economy of the North 2008 ContentsPreface Preface The objective of The Economy of the North 2008 is to present a comprehensive overview of the economy of the circumpolar Arctic, including the traditional production activities of the indigenous people. The report discusses the importance of the Arctic economy from a global perspective, with particular focus on the natural resources in the Arctic region. The Economy of the North 2008 has been produced as part of the ECONOR II project, under the sponsorship of the Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG) in the Arctic Council. The project is funded the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Nordic Council of Ministers, Statistics Norway and institutions participating in the Arctic network of statistical bureaus and academics. The report is the result of contributions from a network of research- ers from national statistical offices and academic institutions located across the Arctic nations. Statistics Norway has hosted the editorial group that compiled and edited the contributions from the project network. Statistics Norway would like to thank all the individual contributors and institutions who have provided data, analysis, texts, illustrations, and scientific advice for The Economy of the North 2008. The present report is a pioneering work in the sense that the path outlined in the first ECONOR report The Economy of the North is still new and relatively un- explored, with various challenges of statistical and conceptual nature. It is our hope that the present overview of the Arctic economy will inspire work to further strengthen the information basis from where to assess the sustainability of the Arctic communities in terms of natural wealth management and environmental challenges. The Economy of the North 2008 was edited by Solveig Glomsrød (chief editor), Iulie Aslaksen, and Lars Lindholt of the Research Department of Statistics Norway. Marit Vågdal did the technical editing, and Siri Boquist was the photo editor. More information is available at www.ssb.no. Statistics Norway, Oslo/Kongsvinger, November 2009 Øystein Olsen 3 The Economy of the North 2008 Contents Contents 1. The Economy of the North 2008: An introduction ................................................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................... 10 2. Economic and social conditions of Arctic regions ................................................................................................................ 11 Economic and human development: Method of analysis ............................................................................................................ 13 Economic and human development: Main results ...................................................................................................................... 13 “The North American model”: The neo-liberal regime at the last frontiers ................................................................................. 16 “The Scandinavian model”: The redistribution mode of Northern Europe ................................................................................. 17 “The Russian model”: The new Russia ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Box I: The use of Purchasing Power Parities in this report ................................................................................................................. 24 3. Comparative analysis of Arctic economies at macro level .................................................................................................... 27 An overview of Arctic economies ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Arctic population ....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Box II: Notes on Gross Domestic Product and Value Added Comparisons Across Arctic Regions ....................................................... 34 4. Arctic economies within the Arctic nations .......................................................................................................................... 37 Alaska ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 38 The Canadian North................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Faroe Islands .............................................................................................................................................................................. 46 Arctic Finland ............................................................................................................................................................................. 48 Greenland .................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Iceland ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 Arctic Norway ........................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Arctic Russia .............................................................................................................................................................................. 61 Arctic Sweden ............................................................................................................................................................................ 63 Circumpolar overview ................................................................................................................................................................ 66 Box III: The value of having the exclusive right to exploit a natural resource ..................................................................................... 68 5. Future production of petroleum in the Arctic under alternative oil prices ......................................................................... 69 Petroleum reserves in the Arctic ............................................................................................................................................... 70 The effect on Arctic petroleum production of a shift in the oil price ........................................................................................... 70 Results ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 72 Concluding remarks ................................................................................................................................................................... 73 6. Interdependency of subsistence and market economies in the Arctic .............................................................................. 75 Subsistence in Alaska ................................................................................................................................................................. 76 Interdependency of subsistence and market economies in Northern Canada ............................................................................
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