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The Economy of the North 84 Statistiske analyser Statistical Analyses Solveig Glomsrød and Iulie Aslaksen (eds.) The Economy of the North Statistisk sentralbyrå • Statistics Norway Oslo–Kongsvinger Statistiske analysar I denne serien blir det publisert analysar av statistikk om sosiale, demografiske og økonomiske forhold til ein breiare lesarkrins. Framstillingsforma er slik at publikasjonane også kan lesast av personar utan spesialkunnskapar om statistikk eller tilretteleggingsmetodar. Statistical Analyses In this series, Statistics Norway publishes analyses of social, demographic and economic statistics, aimed at a wider circle of readers. These publications can be read without any special knowledge of statistics and statistical methods. © Statistics Norway, December 2006 Standard symbols in the tables Symbol When using material from this publication, please give Statistics Norway as your source. Category not applicable . Data not available .. ISBN 82-537-7111-8 Printed version Data not yet available ... ISBN 82-537-7112-6 Electronic version Not for publication : ISSN 0804-3221 Nil - Subject Less than 0.5 of the unit employed 0 00.00.30 International overviews Less than 0.05 of the unit employed 0.0 01.02 Resources Provisional or preliminary figure * 01.03 Climate Break in the homogeneity of a vertical series — Break in the homogeneity of a horizontal series | Design/cover: Siri E. Boquist/Photos.com Print: Statistics Norway Revised since the previous issue r The Economy of the North Preface Preface The objective of The Economy of the North is to present a comprehensive overview of the economy of the circumpolar Arctic, including the traditional production activities of the indigenous people. The report discusses the importance of the Arctic economy from a global perspective, with particular focus on the natural resources in the Arctic region. Finally, likely effects of climate change on the Arctic economy are discussed. The Economy of the North has been produced as part of the ECONOR project, funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Nordic Council of Ministers. The report is the result of contributions from a network of researchers from national statistical offices and academic institutions located across the Arctic nations. Statistics Norway has hosted the editorial group that compiled and edited the contributions from the project network. Statistics Norway would like to thank all the individual contributors and institutions who have provided data, analysis, texts, illustrations, and scientific advice for The Economy of the North. The present report is indeed a pilot report from a pioneer project, having encountered various challenges of statistical and conceptual nature. It is our hope that the present overview of the Arctic economy will inspire work to further strengthen the information basis from where to assess the sustainability of the Arctic communities in terms of natural wealth management and environmental challen- ges. The Economy of the North was edited by Solveig Glomsrød (chief editor), Iulie Aslaksen, Mads Greaker and Bjart Holtsmark of the Research Department of Statistics Norway. Marit Vågdal did the technical editing, and Siri Boquist was the photo editor. More information is available at www.ssb.no. Statistics Norway, Oslo/Kongsvinger, November 2006 Øystein Olsen 3 Contents The Economy of the North 4 The Economy of the North Contents Contents List of figures ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 List of tables ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. The Economy of the North: An Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................................................. 13 Box 1. The use of Purchasing Power Parities in this report ............................................................................................... 14-15 2. The economy of the circumpolar Arctic ............................................................................................................................ 17 The Arctic and the global economy ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Primary sector plays major role .............................................................................................................................................. 18 Uneven development in the secondary sector ........................................................................................................................ 19 Tertiary sector with public predominance .............................................................................................................................. 19 Two development models ..................................................................................................................................................... 19 Import and export ................................................................................................................................................................. 20 The Arctic regions within the Arctic countries ........................................................................................................................ 20 Weight of the Russian North ................................................................................................................................................. 20 Disparities among Arctic regions ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Concluding remarks .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Box 2. The value of having the exclusive right to exploit a natural resource..................................................................... 24-25 3. Arctic natural resources in a global perspective .............................................................................................................. 27 Petroleum extraction ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 Other mining ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Mineral fuels ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Iron and ferro-alloy minerals ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Non-ferrous minerals ............................................................................................................................................................ 31 Precious metal ores ............................................................................................................................................................... 32 Industrial minerals ................................................................................................................................................................. 32 Fisheries ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 Forestry ................................................................................................................................................................................. 34 Concluding remarks .............................................................................................................................................................. 35 Box 3. Notes on Gross Domestic Product and Value Added Comparisons Across Arctic Regions ...................................... 38-29 4. The Arctic economy for the Arctic nations ....................................................................................................................... 41 Alaska .................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 The Canadian North .............................................................................................................................................................. 46 Faroe Islands ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Arctic Finland ........................................................................................................................................................................ 51 Greenland ...........................................................................................................................................................................
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