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SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting: Technical SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting: Technical Recommendations Final Draft V3.2: 16 October 2017 Prepared as part of the joint UNEP / UNSD / CBD project on Advancing Natural Capital Accounting funded by NORAD Preface To be drafted by UNSD. ii Acknowledgements The process of drafting these Technical Recommendations was undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations Committee of Experts on Environmental-Economic Accounting (UNCEEA). The Editorial Board on the SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA) and subsequently the Technical Committee on the SEEA EEA provided the technical oversight of the drafting ensuring that comments received from difference sources were taken into account during the drafting process. Many experts from countries as well as academia, international, regional and nongovernmental-organizations from different disciplines such as economics, ecosystem science, geoscience, policy and related fields participate in this exercise. We would like to acknowledge the contributions to the Technical Recommendations of individual experts and their organizations. The Editorial Board members consisted of: Carl Obst (Editor), François Soulard (Statistics Canada), Rocky Harris (Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, UK), Anton Steurer (Eurostat), Jan-Erik Petersen (European Environment Agency), Michael Bordt (UN ESCAP), Daniel Juhn (Conservation International), Lars Hein (Wageningen University, the Netherlands), Alessandra Alfieri and Julian Chow (United Nations Statistics Division) and the World Bank. Members of the UNCEEA and other contributors from national institutions: Lisa Wardlaw- Kelly, John Power, Matt Jakab, Steve May (Australia), Sacha Baud (Austria), Norbu Ugyen, Sonam Laendup, Lobzang Dorji (Bhutan), Wadih Joao Scandar Neto, Luana Magalhaes Duarte (Brazil), Andre Loranger, Carolyn Cahill, François Soulard, Mark Henry, Gabriel Gagnon, Jennie Wang, Stéphanie Uhde, Kevin Roberts (Canada), Claudia Cortés, Jorge Gómez, Rafael Marcial Agacino Rojas (Chile), Qiong Qiu, Qin Tian, Shi Faqi (China), Gloria Lucia Vargas Briceño (Colombia), Kirsten Wismer (Denmark), Jukka Muukkonen, Petteri Vihervaara (Finland), Francoise Nirascou (France), Sven Christian Kaumanns, Beyhan Ekinci (Germany), Rakesh Kumar Maurya, Davendra Verma, James Mathew (India), Etjih Tasriah, Buyung Airlangga (Indonesia), Aldo Maria Femia, Angelica Tudini (Italy), Stephane Henriod (Kyrgyzstan), Nazaria Baharudin, Zarinah Mahari (Malaysia), Nourudeen Jaffar (Mauritius), José Arturo Blancas Espejo, Raúl Figueroa Díaz, Francisco Javier Jiménez Nava, Melanie Kolb (Mexico), Ankhzaya Byamba, Erdenesan Eldevochir (Mongolia), Bert Kroese, Sjoerd Schenau, Rixt de Jong, Stefan van der Esch, Clara Veerkamp, Arjan Ruijs, Petra van Egmond, Gerard Eding (Netherlands), David N. Barton, Per Arild Garnåsjordet, Iulie Aslaksen, Kristine Grimsrud (Norway), Vivian Ilarina, Romeo Recide (Philippines), Andrey Tatarinov (Russia), Aliielua Salani (Samoa), Johannes de Beer, Robert Parry, Amanda Driver, Ester Koch (South Africa), Nancy Steinbach and Viveka Palm (Sweden), Samuel Echoku (Uganda), Gemma Thomas, Rocky Harris, James Evans (United Kingdom), Dennis Fixler, Dixon Landers, Charles Rhodes, Dylan Rassier, Robert McKane, Roger Sayre (USA), Duong Manh Hung, Pham Tien Nam, Kim Thi Thu, Hoang Lien Son (Viet Nam). Representatives from international organizations: Jan-Erik Petersen, Daniel Desaulty, Nihat Zal and Lisa Waselikowski, Caitriona Maguire (European Environment Agency), Anton Steurer, Veronika Vysna (Eurostat), Jakub Wejchert and Laure Ledoux (European Commission, DG Environment), Alessandra La Notte, Joachim Maes (European Commission, Joint Research Center), Jesús Alquézar (European Commission, DG Research and Innovation), iii Francesco Tubiello, Silvia Cerilli (FAO), Kimberly Dale Zieschang (International Monetary Fund), Myriam Linster, Peter van de Ven (OECD), Arnaud Comolet, Jean-Louis Weber (Convention on Biological Diversity), Barbro Elise Hexeberg, Glenn-Marie Lange, Ken Bagstad, Michael Vardon, Juan-Pueblo Castaneda, Sofia Ahlroth, Grant Cameron (World Bank), Alexander Dominik Erlewein (UNCCD), Tim Scott and Massimiliano Riva (UNDP), Emmanuel Ngok (UNECA), Michael Nagy (UNECE), Rayen Quiroga (UNECLAC), Michael Bordt (UNESCAP), Jillian Campbell, Pushpam Kumar (UNEP), Steven King, Claire Brown, Lucy Wilson (UNEP-WCMC), William Reidhead (UN-Water), Clara van der Pol (UNWTO). Other experts that provided expert opinion: David Vačkář (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), Michael Vardon, Heather Keith (Australian National University), Ferdinando Villa (Basque Centre for Climate Change), Roel Boumans (Boston University), Mahbubul Alam, Hedley Grantham, Miro Honsak, Daniel Juhn, Rosimeiry Portela, Ana Maria Rodriguez, Mahbubul Alam, Timothy Wright, Trond Larsen (Conservation International), David A. Robinson, Bridget Emmett (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK), Jeanne Nel (Council for Scientific and Industrial research, South Africa), Leo Denocker, Steven Broekx, Inge Liekens, Sander Jacobs (INBO research group Nature and Society, via BEES international working group), Nathalie Olsen (International Union for conservation of Nature), Louise Gallagher (Luc Hoffmann Institute at World Wildlife Fund International), Wilbert Van Rooij (Plansup), Guy Ziv (University of Leeds), Emil Ivanov (University of Nottingham), Louise Willemen (University of Twente, Netherlands), Mariyana Lyubenova (University of Sofia, Bulgaria), Bethanna Jackson (Victoria University of Wellington), Lars Hein (Wageningen University, Netherlands). United Nations Statistics Division staff and consultants: Alessandra Alfieri, Jessica Chan, Julian Chow, Ivo Havinga, Bram Edens (formerly with Statistics Netherlands), Mark Eigenraam, Emil Ivanov, Marko Javorsek, Leila Rohd-Thomsen, Sokol Vako. The drafting of the Technical Recommendations was supported by the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Environment, the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Norwegian Agency Cooperation through the Advancing Natural Capital Accounting (ANCA) project. The project aimed to support countries in efforts to embark on the SEEA Experimental Ecosystem Accounting with a view to improving the management of ecosystem services. Financial contributors to the drafting of the Technical Recommendations were provided by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation through the ANCA project and the European Union. iv Contents Preface ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. iii Contents v List of tables ............................................................................................................................. x List of figures ........................................................................................................................... x List of abbreviations and acronyms ......................................................................................... xi 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Definition of ecosystem accounting ......................................................................... 1 1.1.1 The conceptual motivation .................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 The central measurement objective of ecosystem accounting ............................. 3 1.1.3 Measurement pathways ....................................................................................... 6 1.1.4 Uses and applications of ecosystem accounting .................................................. 8 1.2 Scope and purpose of the SEEA EEA Technical Recommendations .................... 10 1.2.1 Connection to the SEEA EEA ........................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Connection to the SEEA Central Framework .................................................... 10 1.2.3 Connection to other ecosystem accounting and similar materials ..................... 11 1.2.4 The audience for the Technical Recommendations ........................................... 11 1.2.5 Implementation of ecosystem accounting .......................................................... 12 1.3 Developments to SEEA EEA incorporated into the Technical Recommendations 14 1.3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 14 1.3.2 The treatment of spatial units ............................................................................ 14 1.3.3 Account labelling and structure ......................................................................... 14 1.3.4 The measurement of ecosystem services ........................................................... 15 1.3.5 Ecosystem condition .......................................................................................... 16 1.3.6 Ecosystem capacity ............................................................................................ 16 1.4 Structure of Technical Recommendations ............................................................. 16 2 Ecosystem accounts and approaches to measurement .................................................... 18 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 18 2.2 The SEEA EEA ecosystem accounting framework ..............................................
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