The Humanist World of Renaissance Florence Brian Jeffrey Maxson Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04391-6 - The Humanist World of Renaissance Florence Brian Jeffrey Maxson Index More information

Index

Acciaiuoli family dedication by, 108 family antiquity, 168, 174 History, 108 neighborhood, 33 literary humanist, 62 Acciaiuoli, Agnolo, 57 accoppiatore (Florentine government), 158 dedicatee, 46–47 Acron (Pseudo), 74 diplomat, 93, 100, 138, 144, 146, 165, 168 Adimari family exile, 43, 46 family antiquity, 115 learned connections, 46–47 status, 36, 67, 78–79 learned father, 28 wealth, 78 relations with Medici, 35, 154 Adimari, Bernardo, 53 student, 35 Adimari, Buonaccorso, 53, 78 Acciaiuoli, Donato, 23, 32–33, 43, 57–59, 77, 138, Aesop, 70, 75 144, 167, 172 Alamanni, Andrea, 47, 49 dedicatee, 22 Alamanni, Luigi, 165 diplomat, 60, 114, 165, 167, 171–172, 174 Alamanni, Piero, 104 letter recipient, 5, 31, 74 Alberti, Bertoldo, 145–146 letter writer, 31–33, 43, 58 Alberti, Francesco, 141 Life of Charlemagne, 25 Alberti, Leon Battista, 52, 55, 64, 141 literary humanist, 42, 172 Certame Coronario, 49 neighborhood, 33 Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre, 68 Oration for Cosimo de’ Medici, Pater Patriae Dog, 65 (1464), 69 On the Family, 30, 52, 64, 67 Oration to Pope Sixtus IV (1471), 65, 172 political career, 109 relations with Medici, 42, 172 status, 116 status, 157 Albizzi family student, 5, 47 family antiquity, 156 translator, 24, 61, 65 status, 79 Acciaiuoli, Jacopo d’ Agnolo, 27–28, 57, 60 Albizzi, Luca di Luca, 21 exile, 27, 43 Albizzi, Luca di Maso, 78 learned connections, 43 diplomat, 44, 117, 138, 140, 144 letter writer, 43 learned connections, 20–21 social humanist, 27 letter recipient, 59 Acciaiuoli, Piero, 23, 33, 43, 57, 144 student, 54 diplomat, 165 Albizzi, Maso degli, 121 letter writer, 31 Albizzi, Maso di Luca, 78, 165 student, 47 Albizzi, Maso di Rinaldo, 21 Accolti, Benedetto, 104, 146, 167 Albizzi, Rinaldo di Maso, 28, 44, 51, 60, 135, 140 chancellor of Florence, 108 dedicatee, 60

283

284 Index

Albizzi, Rinaldo di Maso (cont.) Augustan History (Historia augusta), 65 diplomat, 112, 133–135, 140, 160–161 Augustine, 31, 73 exile, 20–21, 154 Augustus, 147 learned connections, 60 Aulus Gellius, 72 letter recipient, 21, 134 Avignon, 128, 130 letter writer, 134 orator, 60 Bacon, Francis, 182 Albrecht III, Emperor, 124–126 Badia, 29, 31, 45, 144 Alessandri family balı`a (Florentine government), 49, 57, 82, 173 family antiquity, 115 Baptistery, 61, 74 Alessandri, Alessandro, 146 Barbadori family dedicatee, 55 relations with the Medici, 35 diplomat, 93, 140, 144, 147, 165 Barbadori, Antonio di Giovanni, 35, 47 learned connections, 55 Barbadori, Giovanni, 47 likeness of, 55 Barbaro, Ermaolo, 118 status, 156 Barbaro, Francesco, 18–19, 47 Alessandri, Niccolo`, 146 dedication by, 44 Alfonso, King of Naples, 96, 108, 121, 123–124, 158 diplomat, 19 audience for oration, 29, 38–39, 96, 126 learned connections, 19, 44 dedicatee, 35, 108 letter writer, 46, 60 host for diplomat, 37, 108, 116 literary humanist, 20 offers cultural gift, 96 Barcelona, 73 Alighieri, Dante, 22, 52, 64, 67, 132 Bardi, Bartolomeo, 40, 178 Altoviti, Bernardo, 167 learned connections, 18–20 Amerino, Pirrino, 74 Bardi, Carlo, 22 Ammianus Marcellinus, 47 Bargello, 29–30, 58 Anacharsis, 137 Baron Thesis, 2–3 Ancona, 20 Baroncelli, Francesco, 146 Ancona, Cyriac of, 46 Bartolini family Anjou, 34, 131, 142, 147 status, 79 Rene` of, 29, 34, 51, 108, 112 Bartolini, Zanobi, 78 Apuleius, 72 Basil, Saint, 69 Aquinas, Thomas, 28 Letter to the Youth, 31, 65 Aretino, Giovanni, 72 Beccanugi, Piero, 139, 141, 144 Arezzo, Bartolomeo d’, 36 Becchi, Gentile, 114, 165 Argyropoulos, Giovanni, 8, 23, 43, 62, 144 Belfrale family anecdote of, 32 status, 79 students of, 5, 42, 58–59, 77 Belfrale, Bartolomeo, 78 Aristotle, 3, 28, 31, 45, 52, 70, 73, 132 Belfrale, Domenico, 78 Nicomachean Ethics, 34, 46–48, 49–50, 66, 71, Belli, Gabriele, 22 78, 162, 166 Benci, Tommaso, 165 Politics, 24 Bencivenni, Banco, 56 Posterior Analytics, 54 Benino, Francesco del, 45 Rhetoric, 47 Benino, Niccolo` del, 53–54 Arrighi family Benvenuti, Lorenzo, 120, 139 status, 35 Bettuci, Piero, 46 Arrighi, Alessandro, 35, 48 Bible Arrighi, Simone d’ Alessandro, 48 Book of Acts, 171 ars dictaminis, 130 Book of Daniel, 132, 169 audience Book of Deuteronomy, 123, 132 for humanism, 14, 21 Book of Exodus, 148 for orations, 87, 98, 100, 121, 132, 140, 151, 163, 183 Book of Genesis, 148 social humanists as, 4, 14 Book of Isaiah, 119, 124–125, 132 with rulers. See cultural gift Book of Jeremiah, 132

Index 285

Book of Job, 132 letter writer, 18–19, 55 Book of Matthew, 124, 147–148, 171, 177 literary humanist, 41 Book of Psalms, 132, 148–149, 169 on status, 89 Book of Romans, 169 political career, 109 Books of Kings, 148 probable book lender, 71 Books of Peter, 132 Tales (Facetiae), 128–129 Books of Samuel, 132 teacher, 21 Biglia, Andrea, 140 translator, 65 Bisticci, Vespasiano da, 44, 59, 72–73, 88, 117 Brancacci Chapel, 138 accompanies diplomats, 93 Brancacci family borrows books, 71 neighborhood, 33 cost of books, 66 Brancacci, Felice di Michele, 33, 138, 140 dedication by, 21, 32 Brunelleschi, Filippo, 48, 78, 145 discussions at shop, 58 Bruni, Alessandra di Michele (Castellani), 36, 161 learned connections, 46, 58 Bruni, Donato di Leonardo, 35–36, 161 letter recipient, 24, 57 Bruni, Leonardo, 1, 6, 19, 26, 33, 39, 45, 48, 50–51, literary humanist, 42–44 53, 55, 61, 64, 79, 88, 117, 126, 134 Lives, 21, 23, 39, 44, 46, 48–50, 80, 85–86, 92, 96, chancellor of Florence, 7, 51, 102, 108–109, 145 117, 134, 144–145, 157, 165 citizen of Florence, 156 location of shop, 30, 66 Commentary on His Own Times, 64, 162 neighbors of, 34 Commentary on Xenophon’s Hellenica, 47 rent at shop, 66 death of, 147 Bivignano, Alessio di, 45 dedication by, 19, 31, 55, 60, 108, 162 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 22, 32, 64, 67, 75, 132 Dialogues, 22, 54 Decameron, 19, 68, 146 diplomat, 18–19, 36–38, 48, 55, 109, 112–114, On Famous Women, 132 119–120, 141, 155, 160–164 The Crow, 61 family antiquity, 116 Boethius, 67–68, 70, 75 History of the Florentine People, 25, 48, 61, Bologna, 20, 44–45, 72, 101, 117, 131, 140, 143, 145, 64–65, 72, 87, 123 159, 163 in papal curia, 37, 48, 114, 162 Botticelli, Sandro, 166 Introduction to Moral Philosophy, 31, 139 Bourdieu, Pierre, 17 letter recipient, 56 Braccesi family letter writer, 20–21, 30, 59, 69, 145 status, 81 literary humanist, 5, 10, 13, 20, 41, 44, 56, 179 Braccesi, Alessandro, 71, 79–80 neighborhood, 30–31 diplomat, 182 On Knighthood, 60 learned connections, 80 On the First Punic War, 55, 61, 76–79 letter writer, 74 On the Italian War against the Goths, 26, 71, 78, notary, 82 108 Bracciolini, Jacopo, 65 Oration to Diplomats from King Alfonso (1443), Biography of Filippo Scolari (Pippo Spano), 65 121, 124 Commentary on the Triumph of Fame, 61 Oration to Emperor Albrecht III (1438), 123–125 relations with Medici, 65 Oration to King Alfonso (1442), 29 translator, 61, 65 Oration to Niccolo` da Tollentino (1433), 86 Bracciolini, Poggio, 20, 39–40, 51, 55, 65, 114, 126, Oration to Pope Martin V (1426), 119–120, 124, 129, 146, 162 163–164 book hunter, 47 orator, 15, 28, 120, 125, 147 chancellor of Florence, 108 origins of Florence, 25, 64, 123 family antiquity, 116 papal secretary, 162 History of the Florentine People, 61, 65 political career, 107, 109–110 humanistic font, 71–72 scribes of, 72 in papal curia, 41, 114 status, 10, 35–38, 121, 126, 134, 160, 162–164 learned connections, 19 teacher, 55 letter recipient, 19 tomb of, 42, 145

286 Index

Bruni, Leonardo (cont.) Famous Men and Women, 32 translator, 3, 31, 55, 65–66, 69, 71–72, 78, 162 Castellani family wealth of, 9, 50 family antiquity, 36 writer, 8, 42, 72, 75 neighborhood, 31 writes orations for others, 126 status, 35–36, 134 Buda, 113 Castellani, Bartolommea, 36 Buonarroti, Michelangelo, 52 Castellani, Matteo di Michele, 36, 134 Buongirolamo family, 145 diplomat, 133, 141 family antiquity, 156 learned connections, 36, 134 Buongirolamo, Bernardo social humanist, 134, 179 diplomat, 100, 156–157, 165 Castellani, Michele, 36 hires tutor, 145 Castiglionchio, Lapo da (the elder), 129–130 lawyer, 156, 173 orator, 130 learned connections, 145 Castiglionchio, Lapo da (the younger) parvenu, 159 dedication by, 24–25 social humanist, 179 translator, 24–25 Buongirolamo, Giovanni di Bernardo, 145 Castiglione, Baldassare Buoninsegni, Domenico, 54, 64 The Courtier, 54 Burckhardt, Jacob, 88, 107–108, 110, 184 catasto, 68–70, 78, 81 Cavalcanti family Caccia family status, 81 status, 81 Cavalcanti, Giovanni, 80–83 Caccia, Michele del, 80–82 Cederini, Bartolomeo, 32 Calderoni, Anselmo, 141 Cefﬁ, Tommaso di Lorenzo, 52, 179 Callixtus III, Pope, 148–149, 158 Cennini, Bernardo, 74 Cambacorta, Giovanni Cennini, Domenico, 74 commissary, 161 Cennini, Piero, 74 Canacci, Giovanni, 166 Certame Coronario, 87 Canigiani family Cesarini, Giuliano, 24 status, 79 chancellor of Florence (Florentine government). Canigiani, Antonio di Giovanni, 77, 165, 173 See names of individual chancellors Capponi, Gino, 28, 133–134, 141 diplomatic instructions, 102–105 commissary, 135 gives response to diplomats, 86–87 Capponi, Guglielmo, 53–54 orations by, 125 Capponi, Neri di Gino, 95 records of orations, 125 Commentaries on the Conquest of Pisa, 135 chancery (Florentine government), 41–42, 51, 173 commissary, 117 records of, 87, 105, 112 dedicatee, 140 status of, 108, 110, 126 diplomat, 93, 144, 147 workers in, 71, 108, 153, 165, 167, 175 learned son, 28, 140 Charlemagne, 25, 123 orator, 140 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, 89 tomb of, 140 Chrysoberges, Andreas, 19 Capponi, Nicola, 146 Chrysoloras, Manuel, 8, 47, 54 Capponi, Piero, 166 Cicero, 56, 72–73, 78, 130, 132 Capranica, Domenico, 37, 161 in libraries, 56, 67–68, 70, 75–76, 81 Carbone, Ludovico, 105 learned connections of works, 76 Carthage, 43 Letters to Friends, 81, 137 Casavecchia, Banco, 23, 58–59 On Duties, 19–20, 66 Casavecchia, Filippo di Banco, 59 On Friendship, 36 Casentino family On Invention, 130 status, 79 On Oratory, 66 Casentino, Iacopo di Francesco di Lorenzo di On the Orator, 22, 77 Niccolo` da Soci di, 78 orator, 56 Castagno, Andrea del, 28, 144–145 Phillipics, 29

Index 287

quoted by orator/writer, 21, 31, 97, 123, 132 changes over time, 151, 154, 164, 167–168, 175–176 Rhetoric for Herennius, 63, 130 defined, 91–92 Cieco, Niccolo`, 63 examples of, 92–99, 124–125, 131–133, 147–151, Ciompi, 67, 133 163–164, 168, 171–175 Citta` di Castello, 120 instructions for, 105 civic humanism, 3, 14, 83 introduction into diplomacy, 129–140 Clairvaux, Bernard of language distinctions, 100 On Consideration, 149, 151 records of, 175 Cocchi-Donati family significance of, 105–106, 181 neighborhood, 31 variation among, 99–105, 142–143 status, 69 Cyathas, Lorenzo, 27 Cocchi-Donati, Antonio, 69 Cocchi-Donati, Costanza (Guicciardini), 69 Dandolo, Marco, 26 Cocchi-Donati, Donato, 69, 144 Dati, Gregorio, 48–49, 136 Cocchi-Donati, Giovanni, 69 Dati, Leonardo di Piero, 48, 52, 141 translator, 31, 65, 69 dedicatee, 55 Cocchi-Donati, Jacopo di Niccolo`, 69–70 letter recipient, 49 Colle, 115 letter writer, 49 Colle di Val d’Elsa, 115, 175 Dati, Leonardo di Stagio, 48 Colleges (Florentine government), 38, 68, 85, diplomat, 135–136, 138 96, 117 orator, 136–137 Colleoni, Bartolomeo, 159 The World, 69, 136 commissary. See names of individual commissaries Davanzati, Giuliano, 7, 29, 44, 178 gaps in evidentiary record of, 113 diplomat, 124–125, 138, 141, 144 in database, 114, 140, 143, 167 lawyer, 29 typical destinations of, 112 learned connections, 29 Compagnia de’ Magi, 145 orator, 126 copyist. See scribes Davanzati, Mariotto, 141 Corbinelli family Decretals, 57 status, 79 dedication Corbinelli, Antonio, 45 learned connections, 23–25, 179 Corbinelli, Bartolomeo (the elder), 133 private vs. public, 108 Corbinelli, Bartolomeo (the younger), 78 Demosthenes, 149, 171 Corsini family Orations, 55 status, 81, 84 Descartes, Rene´, 182 Corsini, Amerigo, 80, 82, 166 Diaccetto, Francesco, 53 Corsini, Filippo, 130–131 Didymus of Alexandria, 132 Cosimo, Piero di, 166 Dieci di Balıà (Florentine government), 18, 26, 47, Council of Seventy (Florentine government), 82 85, 109–110, 122, 133, 135, 161 Council of the Commune (Florentine authority to send diplomats, 111–112 government), 108 records in database, 111 Council of the People (Florentine government), records of, 112–113 37, 109 Dini, Francesco, 165 Council, Church Diogenes Laertius, 73 Constance, 47, 136–137, 158 diplomat, 14, 89. See also specific individuals and Ferrara/Florence, 19, 92, 162 destinations, cultural gift, humanists, oratory, Mantua, 90 ritual, status Pavia/Siena, 136 characteristics of, 110–111, 115, 155–156 Pisa, 136 database of, 17, 111–114 Cresci, Andrea, 166 embodiment of the regime, 121 cultural gift, 25, 88, 90–91, 99, 106, 126, 129, 154, 160, importance to humanist movement, 14–15, 89 174, 175, 183. See also diplomat; oratory; ritual power to appoint, 111–112 after 1484, 182 resident, 104–105 anecdote of, 129 selection of, 116–118, 151, 153–155, 182

288 Index

diplomat (cont.) dedication by, 27, 80, 166 state centralization, 142–143 in libraries, 75 to Florence, 85–87, 96, 105, 122–123, 125, 131, letter writer, 27, 31, 53–54, 58, 74, 144, 166 134, 136 literary humanist, 10, 42, 44 to major vs. minor powers, 99–104 On the Christian Religion, 80 Dominici, Giovanni, 88 political career, 115 Domizi, Piero di Domenico, 145 relations with Medici, 35, 79 Donatello, 61, 145 teacher, 27, 54, 58, 69 Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata, 51 Three Books on Life, 27, 80 Donati, Alamanno, 54 translator, 24, 165 Donati, Sinibaldo, 22 will of, 166 Donation of Constantine, 149 Filarete, Francesco, 105 Donatus, 75 Filelfo, Francesco, 31–33, 47, 59 dedication by, 45, 49 education. See names of speciﬁc individuals Florentine Commentaries on Exile, 51, 60, impact of humanism on, 183 135, 139 learned connections, 23 in libraries, 28 spread of humanism, 14–15, 181 letter writer, 46–47, 50, 59–60 Egypt, 138 literary humanist, 41 emperor relations with Medici, 24, 34 diplomatic destination, 112 teacher, 52 host for diplomats, 131, 157 translator, 47 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 Fioravanti, Francesco, 120 England, 12, 139, 146 Flavio, Biondo, 55, 75, 138 Erasmus, Desiderius, 1 Italy Illustrated, 61 Eugenius IV, Pope, 171 Fonzio, Bartolomeo, 74, 165–166 diplomats to, 20–21, 141 dedication of work, 80 host for diplomats, 117 in libraries, 75 in Florence, 29, 46, 92, 162 letter writer, 74, 146 Eusebius, 72 Foresta family Chronicle, 77 status, 70 Exhortation to Justice, 87, 177–178 Foresta, Niccolo` di Guido della, 70 Forlı`, 79, 113, 160–161 Fabriano, Gentile da, 56 Fortini family Three Magi, 50 relations with Medici, 51 Faenza, 101–103 Fortini, Bartolomeo, 165 family Fortini, Battista humanist interests and branches, 16 translator, 65 learned connections, 25–29, 31–33 Fortini, Benedetto (the elder), 51 literary humanists, 10 Fortini, Benedetto (the younger), 51, 141 nuclear vs. extended, 12, 28 Fortini, Paolo, 51, 141 social humanists, 10 chancellor of Florence, 51, 141 Federighi, Carlo, 124–125 Fra Angelico, 73 Feltre, Vittorino da, 75 France, 79 Commentary on Cicero’s Rhetoric, 76 book exchange in, 62 Ferrante, King of Naples, 34, 38 diplomats from, 122 audience for oration, 98–99, 126 host for diplomat, 82, 90, 131 diplomats from, 99 relations with Florence, 25, 97, 111, 123, Ferrara, 102, 105, 143, 159 162–163 Ficino family status of diplomats to, 100, 142 status, 81 Frederick III, Emperor, 85, 90, 112, 159 Ficino, Marsilio, 3, 62, 69, 77, 80, 165–166 Frescobaldi family Book on the Sun and Light, 80 status, 79 dedicatee, 80 Frescobaldi, Filippo di Niccolo`, 78

Index 289

Gaddi, Francesco, 71, 165 Guicciardini, Jacopo di Piero, 26 Galen, 64 dedicatee, 27 Gambacorta, Giovanni, 161 diplomat, 100, 126, 165 Genoa, 117, 124, 143, 157, 160 learned connections, 27 Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 74, 136 learned father, 27 Gianfigliazzi family orator, 27 family antiquity, 115, 156 Guicciardini, Luigi, 25–26 Gianfigliazzi, Bongianni, 98, 167, 172 Guicciardini, Luigi di Piero, 26–27, 48 Gianfigliazzi, Jacopo di Giovanni, 133–134 diplomat, 144, 165, 168, 170 Gianfigliazzi, Luigi di Teri di Nello, 129–130 letter recipient, 50 Gianfigliazzi, Rinaldo, 130–131 orator, 26 Gianni, Astore, 140–141 relations with Medici, 51 gift, 85–86, 88–89, 99, 152, 167, 183 status, 159 art, 91 Guicciardini, Piero di Jacopo, 67 cultural. See cultural gift dedicatee, 27 dedication, 24 Exhortation to Justice, 27 material, 90–91, 99, 106 learned connections, 27–28 status, 90–91, 99, 106 Guicciardini, Piero di Luigi, 38, 69 Giogante, Michele del, 63, 69 diplomat, 138, 140, 144 Giovio, Paolo, 67 learned connections, 26 Giugni, Bernardo, 124, 126, 144, 165 learned father, 26 Gozzoli, Benozzo, 145 letter writer, 26, 50 Procession of the Magi, 145 relations with Medici, 28 Grazzini, Simone, 167 Guilds Great Schism, 137 Judges and Notaries, 81, 109 Greek Wine Merchants, 83 church of, 92, 171 Wool, 82, 112 knowledge of, 21, 24, 54 language of composition, 47 Hannibal, 43 language of publication, 53 Hawkwood, John, 73 scholar of, 19, 45, 47, 58, 134 Helen of Troy, 166 sources in libraries, 75, 166 Holy Roman Emperor. See names of individual sources used, 38, 137, 147–148, 169 emperors translation from, 116, 180 Homer, 53 Gregory XII, Pope, 48, 155 Horace, 70, 74, 145 Gregory, Saint, 171 humanism Griselli, Griso, 5, 22 definition, 3, 9 Guadagni, Bernardo, 140 humanist Guadagni, Vieri, 133–134 amateur, 4–7 Guarducci, Michele di Giovanni, 46 among diplomats, 114–115, 118, 129–133, 135, Guasconi, Biagio, 21, 44, 125, 141 142–151, 157, 164–165, 167, 175 Guasconi, Niccolo`, 67, 179 literary. See literary humanist Guasconi, Zenobi, 57, 141 professional, 4–7 Gubbio, 50, 156 social. See social humanist Guelf, 101, 131 social variation among, 12, 16, 63–84 Party (Florentine government), 36, 67, 181 varied strength of learned connections, Guicciardini family 40–62 branches with humanist interests, 25–28 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, 24 family antiquity, 168 Hungary, 43 status, 75 Hus, John, 136 Guicciardini, Francesco di Piero, 27–28, 157, 166 Innocent VIII, Pope, 168, 175 Guicciardini, Giovanni di Francesco, 28–29 audience for oration, 106, 153, 174–175 Guicciardini, Giovanni di Luigi, 28 host for diplomats, 168, 172, 182

290 Index

Jenson, Nicholas, 53 neighborhoods, 29–34 Jerome, 132, 134, 145 owners of texts, 65–71 John XXIII, Pope, 134 patronage, 23–25 Josephus politics, 34–35 Judaic Wars, 78 scribes, 71–74 Julius Caesar, 64, 67 social humanists, 10–11 Julius II, Pope, 162 status, 35–39, 179 Justin, 45, 61 vernacular letters, 20–21 Juvenal, 67–68, 75 vernacular translators, 65 Satires, 50 vernacular writers, 64–65 Leo X, Pope, 32, 53 Kepler, Johannes, 182 library, 75–76 knight contents of, 75–76 as diplomat, 115 learned connections, 66–71 rank, 117 status of owners, 71 literacy, 8, 180, 182 Ladislaus, King of Naples, 101 literary humanist. See names of speciﬁc audience for oration, 97–98, 131–133 individuals host for diplomats, 30, 96 deﬁned, 9–12, 179 in diplomacy, 97 diplomatic careers of, 114–118, 120–121 Landino, Cristoforo, 52, 59, 77, 115 political careers of, 107–110 dedication by, 52 status of, 10, 115, 157–164, 176, 181 Oration to Nicola Orsini (1485), 86 Livorno, 138 Poems, 52, 71 Livy, 48, 57, 67–68, 73, 75–76, 130 vernacular translator, 53 Loschi, Antonio, 75 Lanfredini, Giovanni, 167 Commentaries on Cicero, 76 language Lotteringhi family as gift, 91 family antiquity, 68 Latin status, 63, 68 in forming learned connections, 20 Lotteringhi, Gianni, 68 in humanist movement, 6–9, 64, 78, 178 Lotteringhi, Lotteringo, 68 knowledge of, 9–10, 21, 30, 42, 45–46, 48, 62, 65, Lotteringhi, Lotteringo di Luca, 63, 69 68, 72, 77, 86, 144, 153, 165, 180 Lotteringhi, Monna Tessa, 68 language of oration/composition, 2–3, 10–11, Lotteringhi, Piero d’ Antonio, 69 15, 26, 29, 31, 33–34, 42–45, 48, 50–53, Lotteringhi, Sandro, 63, 68–69 56–57, 60, 64–65, 67, 69, 73–74, 77–79, Lotteringhi, Ugo, 69 85–86, 100, 107, 120, 139, 145, 147, 153, Louis XI, King of France, 25, 90, 159, 170 165–166, 178, 180, 183 Lucan, 68, 70 language of quotation, 21, 131 Lucca, 101, 141–143 style, 2, 15, 47, 122, 138, 150–151, 169, 171, 174 Lucian, 58 translated text, 58, 65–66, 116, 180 Lucretius, 47 Latini, Brunetto, 63, 69 Luna family lawyer, 115, 157 relations with Medici, 49, 51 among diplomats, 115 Luna, Francesco della, 48–49 political opportunities, 157 Overseer of the Ospedale, 49 learned connection, 9, 20–39 Luna, Niccolo` della, 26, 52, 72 book borrowers, 71 dedicatee, 49, 55 education, 23 dedication by, 50 family, 25–29, 31–33 Handbook of Golden Sayings and the Moral humanist dialogues, 21–22 Life, 50 Latin letters, 20 learned connections, 48–52 Latin writers, 71 social humanist, 26, 54, 56 learned discussions, 22–23 Song in Praise of That Most Eminent Light of the literary humanists, 9–10, 42 Church Jerome, 50

Index 291

Machiavelli, Girolamo, 56, 154 family antiquity, 116 Machiavelli, Marietta, 59 literary humanist, 10, 42 Machiavelli, Niccolo`, 28, 53, 59, 135, 141 orator, 26, 85 First Decennale, 53 papal secretary, 109 Magalotti, Filippo political career, 115 diplomat, 131, 135 secretary, 109 Oration to King Ladislaus of Naples (1408), teacher, 49, 71 96–98, 131–133 tomb of, 42 orator, 99, 130–131 writer, 42, 73 Manetti, Agnolo, 114, 165 Marsuppini, Cornelio di Carlo, 109 Manetti, Bernardo di Giannozzo, 22 Marsuppini, Cristofano di Carlo, 109 Manetti, Giannozzo, 5–6, 45, 88, 145, 178 Martelli, Alessandro, 22 Consolatory Dialogue, 46 Martelli, Braccio, 153 dedication by, 35 Martelli, Domenico, 145 Dialogue at a Banquet, 22 audience for oration, 81 diplomat, 93, 96, 110, 114, 117, 144, 147, 167 diplomat, 144, 165, 172 exile, 5, 39, 41, 43, 60, 80, 110, 167 Guild of Judges and Notaries, 81 Funerary Oration for Giannozzo Pandolfini learned connections, 45 (1457), 30–31 Martelli, Niccolo`, 166 hosts learned discussion, 19 Martelli, Pietro, 67 letter recipient, 51 Martelli, Roberto, 145 letter writer, 31, 43, 57 Martial, 74 library of, 75–76 Martin V, Pope, 37, 136, 142 literary humanist, 10, 13, 41–42, 56, 179 audience for oration, 119–120, 124, 136–138, 147, neighborhood, 33 163–164 Official of the Studio fiorentino, 55 dedicatee, 162 On Secular and Pontifical Processions, 46 diplomats from, 37, 136 On the Dignity of Man, 35 Dominican, 136 Oration to King Alfonso at the Wedding of host for diplomats, 18, 55, 112, 135–136, 153, 158, Ferrante (1445), 39 160–162 Oration to King Alfonso, On Observing the Peace in diplomacy, 38, 161 (1451), 96 in Florence, 162 Oration to Pope Nicholas V (1447), 92–96, letter recipient, 162 147–148 relations with Leonardo Bruni, 162 Oration to Sigismondo Malatesta (1453), 86 Martini, Nello orator, 28, 85, 116–117, 144, 147–149, 170, diplomat, 141, 157, 160–161 174, 178 lawyer, 141, 156 political career, 107, 109–110 orator, 147 relations with Medici, 35 political career, 156 status, 157 status, 157 teacher, 34, 46–50 Massaccio, 138 writer, 8 Mauroceno, Andrea, 19 Manetti, Giovanfrancesco, 22 Mauss, Marcel, 17, 91–92 Manetti, Marabottino di Tuccio, 146 Maximus, 137 Manfred, Emperor, 147 Medici family, 154, 158, 173, 176 Manipulus florum (Bundle of Flowers), 137 artists for, 73 Mannelli, Raimondo, 48, 141 bank, 18–19, 22 Mantua, 101 branches interested in humanism, 28 Mario, Antonio di, 72 conspiracy against, 45–46, 56, 65, 154 Marsili, Luigi, 25, 33, 41, 54 family antiquity, 168 Marsuppini, Carlo, 45, 64, 73, 109, 126, 135, 145 family status, 75, 79, 81, 84 borrows book, 47 in diplomacy, 158 chancellor of Florence, 7, 42, 102, 108–109 loses power in 1494, 111 diplomatic instructions by, 102–104 patrons, 79, 108

292 Index

Medici family (cont.) Medici, Lorenzo di Piero (the Magniﬁcent), 28, 53, regime, 20, 49, 82, 113, 155, 74, 81, 156–157, 159 158–159, 182 conspiracy against, 34, 65 relations with others, 20, 27, 34–36, 41–42, dedicatee, 42, 80 44–45, 47, 49–53, 56, 62, 73, 135, 158–160, diplomat, 82, 114, 165, 172 170–172, 174 family status, 81 scribes of, 72 gifts, 91 selection of diplomats, 155, 181 learned father, 53 tutors of, 165 letter recipient, 53, 153 wealth of, 92 literary humanist, 80 Medici, Antonio de’, 167 neighborhood, 29 Medici, Bernadetto de’, 29, 144 patron, 42, 80 commissary, 116 political career, 81–83, 151 diplomat, 28, 39, 116, 144 political position, 154–155, 164 neighborhood, 29 political relations, 34, 42, 52, 79, 80, 126, orator, 28 156–157, 172 Medici, Bernardo d’ Alamanno, 145 role in selecting diplomats, 151, 154–155 Medici, Carlo di Nicola, 55, 78 Medici, Nicola de’, 50 Medici, Cosimo di Giovanni, 28, 35, 44, 57, 60, 62, dedicatee, 50, 55 69, 80, 145–146, 154, 170 diplomat, 138 conspiracy against, 154 learned connections, 55 death of, 154 learned father, 78 dedicatee, 42 social humanist, 56 diplomat, 114, 138, 141, 144 Standard Bearer of Justice, 37–38 exile, 20, 24, 49, 57, 73 Medici, Orlando de’, 145 learned connections, 18–19 Medici, Pierfrancesco de’, 61, 165, 168, 173 learned father, 28 Medici, Piero di Cosimo, 154, 170 letter recipient, 45 borrows book, 56 literary humanist, 44, 77 Certame Coronario, 49 neighborhood, 28, 68 conspiracy against, 45, 154, 159 orator, 118 dedicatee, 108 patron, 24, 77, 116 diplomat, 93, 114, 144, 147, 165 political position, 155, 164 learned father, 28 relations with others, 154 library, 77 role in selecting diplomats, 154 neighborhood, 28 scribes of, 72 Medici, Piero di Lorenzo, 53 status, 157 Meglio, Giovan Matteo di, 63, 69 student, 54 Meglio, Michele di, 63 Medici, Filippo de’, 120 Mehmed, Ottoman Emperor, 149 diplomat, 90, 165, 170 Michelozzi family Oration to Pope Paul II (1464), 104, status, 81 170–171 Michelozzi, Michelozzo, 81 orator, 90, 119 Michelozzi, Niccolo`, 79 relations with other Medici, 170 diplomat, 82, 165, 182 status, 104, 170 in chancery, 71 Medici, Giovanni di Bicci, 134 learned connections, 81 Medici, Giovanni di Cosimo, 28, 72 letter writer, 74, 81 death of, 154 orator, 81 diplomat, 144, 148 political career, 83 Medici, Giuliano di Piero, 34, 154 secretary, 81 Medici, Lorenzo di Giovanni, 44 Milan, 31, 140, 142 diplomat, 141, 144 diplomats from, 89 learned connections, 60 host for diplomats, 47, 104, 112, 157, 159 Medici, Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, 166 in diplomacy, 37, 154, 158–161

Index 293

selection of diplomats, 151, 155 status, 117 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 Neroni, Francesco, 45, 57, 165 Minerbetti, Piero, 166, 172 network, 11, 12, 179 Minerbetti, Tommaso, 166 Niccoli family, 108–109 Minerva, 169 family antiquity, 116 Montefeltro, Federico da, Duke of Urbino, 24, 87 status, 37 Montepulciano, Bartolomeo da, 47 Niccoli, Jacopo, 37, 160 Moses, 169, 171 Niccoli, Niccolo`, 7, 19, 22, 37, 44, 47, 54, 135, 139 humanistic font, 61, 71 Naldi family letter recipient, 18 status, 81 library, 42, 57 Naldi, Naldo, 83 literary humanist, 10, 13, 42 borrows books, 71 Official of the Studio fiorentino, 54 dedication by, 53, 80 political career, 107–109, 114 learned connections, 79–83 scribes of, 72 status, 84 at Vespasiano’s book shop, 57–58 Naples, 57, 113 Niccolini, Agnolo, 166, 173 book trade in, 66 Niccolini, Otto, 57 conquest of, 126 diplomat, 144, 148, 159, 165, 170 diplomats from, 89, 123–124 family antiquity, 156 host for diplomats, 27–28, 38, 96, 98, 99–100, 116, lawyer, 156 138, 157–158, 160 learned connections, 61–62 host for exiles, 39–40, 43, 57, 60 letter recipient, 62 in diplomacy, 34–35, 108, 116, 148, 158–159 orator, 118 learned connections in, 27 will of, 62 status of diplomats to, 100, 160 Nicholas V, Pope, 72 Nasi, Piero, 167 audience for oration, 92–96, 147–148 Nazianus, Gregory of, 169 host for diplomats, 43, 103–104, 146, 167 neighborhood, 13 in diplomacy, 92, 149 book trade, 66 teacher, 60 learned connections, 29–34, 55, 57 Night Officers (Florentine government), 68, 110 Neri, Nerozzo, 22 Nobili family Nerli, Bernardo, 53 status, 68 Nerli, Neri, 53 Nobili, Antonio di Niccolo`, 68 Nero family Nobili, Guccio di Niccolo`, 68 status, 81 Nobili, Mario di Niccolo`, 68 Nero, Bernardo del, 166 Nobili, Niccolo` di Guccio, 68, 138 Nero, Francesco del, 59 Nobili, Paolo di Niccolo`, 68 Nero, Piero del, 80 Nori, Mariotto, 45–46 commissary, 82 notary, 5, 78, 146, 168 dedicatee, 27, 80 Numa Pompilius, King of Rome, 147–148 learned connections, 80 Nuti, Bernardo, 71, 74 library of, 81 translator, 71, 78 political career, 82 Neroni, Dietisalvi, 27 Ognisanti, 145 bust of, 56 Old Market, 165 diplomat, 144, 165 Ols, Andrea, 145 exile, 27 Opera del Duomo, 73, 78, 139 learned connections, 56–57 oratory letter recipient, 43 cultural gift, 16, 17, 89–106, 122, 128–129, 143, library of, 56, 75–76 154, 183 orator, 56 domestic vs. diplomatic, 121–126 relations with Medici, 154 humanist, introduction into diplomacy, 129–141 social humanist, 27, 57, 179 humanist, spread, 139–140

294 Index

oratory (cont.) family antiquity, 34 in diplomacy, 89, 101, 111, 114, 116, 118–120, 129, neighborhood, 30, 33 140–151, 153, 168–172, 174–175, 180 relations with Medici, 34 in politics, 110 Pandolfini, Agnolo di Filippo, 31–32, 141 in ritual, 84, 86, 88, 106 diplomat, 30, 138, 140, 160 significance in humanist movement, 2, 14–16, learned connections, 26, 31 110 neighborhood, 30, 33–34, 55 status of speaker, 110, 120–121, 126–127, 173, oratory, 130 175–176 Pandolfini, Alessandro di Carlo, 33 ubiquity of, 86–88 Pandolfini, Bartolomeo di Carlo, 33 written for others, 125–126, 182 Pandolfini, Carlo d’ Agnolo, 31, 33, 170 Orsanmichele, 63 Pandolfini, Domenico di Carlo, 23, 33, 165 Orsini, Rinaldo, 159 Pandolfini, Elisabetta (Pazzi), 34 Ospedale degli Innocenti, 48 Pandolfini, Ferrante di Pandolfo, 34 Otto di Custodia (Florentine government), 20–21, Pandolfini, Giannozzo d’ Agnolo, 31–33, 43 109, 110, 114 diplomat, 144, 148 authority to send diplomats, 111 learned father, 31 Otto di Guardia (Florentine government). See tomb of, 31 Otto di Custodia (Florentine government) Pandolfini, Giuliano di Carlo, 33 Otto di Pratica (Florentine government), 111–112 Pandolfini, Jacopo di Giannozzo, 32 Ottoman Turks, 149, 159, 169, 171 Pandolfini, Meglio di Carlo, 33 Overseers of the Ospedale, 44, 49 Pandolfini, Niccolo` di Giannozzo, 32 Ovid, 67, 70, 75 Pandolfini, Pandolfo di Giannozzo, 23, 34, 57 diplomat, 126, 165 Padua, 1, 50, 116, 140 Exhortation to Justice, 31 Palaces learned connections, 31–32 Carducci, 32 letter writer, 59 Davanzati, 155 Pandolfini, Pierfilippo d’ Alessandro, 33 Medici, 145–146 Pandolfini, Pierfilippo di Giannozzo, 23, 57 of the Podesta`. See Bargello diplomat, 98, 104, 165 Pandolfini. See Palaces, Carducci learned connections, 32 Pazzi-Quaratesi, 34, 52 letter recipient, 74 Rinuccini, 33 letter writer, 34, 81 Signoria, della. See Palazzo Vecchio library, 31 Strozzi, 40, 56 orator, 126 Palazzo Vecchio, 25, 37, 65 relations with Medici, 34 houses humanist oration/composition, 69, 87 Pandolfini, Priore di Giannozzo, 32, 34 Palencia, Alfonso de, 32 Panormita, Antonio, 75 Palmieri family Panzano family family antiquity, 157 neighborhood, 31 Palmieri, Matteo, 52, 64, 75, 145, 165 Panzano, Antonio da, 37 dedication by, 55, 140 Panzano, Luca da, 37 diplomat, 114, 144, 157–160, 164–165, 181 Parenti, Marco, 23, 58–59, 146 learned connections, 52 learned connections, 58–59 literary humanist, 26 learned father, 28 neighborhood, 55 letter writer, 40, 60 On Civic Life, 47, 55, 61, 64 on status, 36, 67 On the Capture of the Pisans, 135 social humanist, 7 On the Times, 72 Parenti, Piero di Marco, 28 political career, 107, 109–110 Chronicle, 58, 65 relations with Medici, 158 translator, 58, 65 status, 159 Parentucelli, Tommaso. See Nicholas V, Pope Pandolfini family patrician. See also literary humanist; social humanist branches with humanist interests, 31 as a group, 12, 14, 16, 35, 66, 106

Index 295

characteristics, 115 Pierozzi, Antonio diplomats, 115 diplomat, 148, 165, 168, 174 humanist education, 14–15 Oration to Pope Callixtus III (1455), 148–151 humanist interests, 15–16, 84, 170, 180 Oration to Pope Pius II (1458), 104, 168–169 importance of political offices, 95 orator, 104, 144, 170 mobility, 180 selection as diplomat, 168 officeholders, 37 status, 168, 170, 174 orators, 86–87, 105, 130 Pieruzzi, Filippo di Ugolino, 32, 86 size of group, 64 exile, 49 variation among, 12, 37, 64 in chancery, 77 patriciate. See patrician neighborhood, 31 patron. See names of specific individuals; patronage on honor tied to Latin, 86 patronage Overseer of the Ospedale, 49 importance in humanist movement, 4, 7 relations with Medici, 49 learned connections, 24 Pisa, 56, 141 literary humanists, 10, 24–25 conquest of, 133, 135, 161 Paul II, Pope, 170 Pistoia, Marco of, 56 audience for oration, 171 Pistoia, Sozomeno of, 47 host for diplomats, 159, 168, 170 Chronicle, 72 Pazzi Chapel, 145 Pitti, Buonaccorso (the elder), 62, 134 Pazzi Conspiracy, 34–35, 65, 154, 173 diplomat and commissary, 138 Pazzi family Pitti, Buonaccorso (the younger), 170 family antiquity, 168 Pitti, Giovannozzo, 93, 116, 144, 147 relations with Anjou, 34 Pitti, Luca, 35 relations with Medici, 34 Pius II, Pope, 155, 168 status, 81 audience for oration, 168–169 Pazzi, Andrea de’, 145 Commentaries, 90 Pazzi, Antonio de’, 146 orator, 85 Pazzi, Piero de’, 34, 145 secretary, 85 dedicatee, 58 Platina, Bartolomeo, 31 diplomat, 144, 165, 168 Plato, 63, 80, 110 learned connections, 57–59 in libraries, 166 neighborhood, 34 quoted by orator/writer, 28, 31, 163 social humanist, 7 translation of, 3, 24 Pazzi, Renato di Piero, 34, 80 Plato (pseudo) learned connections, 81 Epistles, 19 letter recipient, 34 Plautus, 56–57, 75 neighborhood, 81 Pliny (the elder), 73, 77 political career, 83 Natural History, 53, 61 relations with Medici, 34 Pliny (the younger) Pelli, Alesso, 146 Letters, 74 Perugia, 102, 128–129, 140, 158 Plotinus, 27 Peruzzi family Plutarch, 73, 149 neighborhood, 31, 36 Life of Artaxerxes, 24 Peruzzi, Ridolfo, 51, 135, 140–141 Life of Flaminius, 54 Petrarch, Francesco, 1, 9, 22, 32, 64, 130 Life of Themistocles, 24 in libraries, 75 Poliziano, Angelo, 115, 165, 173 quoted by orator/writer, 77, 132, 137 lectures, 166 The Triumphs, 61 letter recipient, 153 Piazza della Repubblica, 29 orator, 182 Piazza della Signoria, 87 Pleasant Tales (I detti piacevoli), 32 Piazza di San Martino, 63 student, 69 Piccinino, Jacopo, 89, 100 teacher, 67 Piccolomini, Aeneas. See Pius II, Pope Pontano, Giovanni, 57

296 Index

pope revisionist historiography, 12–13 audience for oration, 101, 131, 163 Ricasoli family diplomatic destination, 112 neighborhood, 31 host for diplomats, 101, 131, 157 Ricasoli, Galeotto, 31, 139 papal diplomats, 155 Ricasoli, Pier Giovanni, 167 status of diplomats to, 100, 142, 160 Ricavo, Antonio da, 166 Popoleschi family Riccardi family family antiquity, 115, 156 status, 68 Popoleschi, Bartolomeo, 133, 135 Riccardi, Bartolomea (Bonciani), 68 Porcari, Stefano, 28 Riccardi, Jacopo, 68 Portinari, Pigello, 22 Ricci family pratica (Florentine government), 37, 87, 146 status, 67 classical quotation in, 45, 61, 69, 130 Ricci, Piero di Bartolomeo (Crinito), 67–68 domestic speeches, 181 On Honest Instruction, 67 record of, 71 On Latin Poets, 67 role in selecting diplomats, 116 Ridolfi family, 74 types of orations, 56 neighborhood, 65 use of history in, 139 Ridolfi, Antonio di Lorenzo, 28, 67 Prato, Bartolomeo di Ghabriello da, 70 diplomat, 74, 144, 148, 165 Prato, Giovanni Acquettini da, 141 social humanist, 179 Priors (Florentine government), 67, 69, 71, 133–134, translator, 65 157, 173 Ridolfi, Cornelia (Salviati), 53 literary humanists on, 82, 109–110 Ridolfi, Giovanbattista, 54 mark of status, 35 learned connections, 52–54 selection of, 116 Ridolfi, Giuliano, 144, 165 social humanists on, 69, 73, 82–83 Ridolfi, Lorenzo, 134 Priscian, 75, 79 diplomat, 130–131, 133, 135, 141, 144, 160 Prosperus, 36, 70 learned father, 28 Prudentius, 70 orator, 130–131, 135 Ptolemy, 51, 73 social humanist, 134 Pucci, Antonio, 166 Treatise on Usury, 134 Pucci, Antonio d’ Antonio, 166 Ridolfi, Tommaso, 74, 165 Pucci, Bartolomeo, 167 Rieti, Jacopo da, 136, 158 Pucci, Puccio, 146 Ringadori, Tommaso, 22 Pucci, Puccio d’ Antonio, 166 ringhiera, 87 Pulci, Luigi, 75 Rinuccini family pupilli neighborhood, 33 library contents of, 66–71 political fortunes, 109 status, 79, 81 Quaratesi family, 52 Rinuccini, Alamanno, 23, 33, 58–59, 79, 157 neighborhood, 52 diplomat, 82, 114, 165 Quaratesi, Andrea (the elder), 52 letter recipient, 59, 144 Quaratesi, Andrea (the younger), 52 letter writer, 31–32, 54, 60, 69 Quaratesi, Giuliano, 52 library, 77 Quintilian, 61 literary humanist, 58 Institutes of Oratory, 63 neighborhood, 33 Quintius Curtius, 18 Oration for Pierfilippo Pandolfini to King History of Alexander the Great, 19 Ferrante (1477), 98–99 political career, 82 Rapallo, battle of, 48 relations with Medici, 52, 80, 126 Raphael, 9 status, 80, 157 reading student, 77 importance in humanist movement, 7, 17, 79 translator, 77 Redditi, Filippo, 153, 175 writer, 32, 77, 79–80, 126

Index 297

Rinuccini, Cino, 109, 115, 129 Salutati, Antonio di Coluccio, 145 Rinuccini, Filippo, 136 Salutati, Coluccio, 22, 54, 62, 64, 88, 145 ritual, 25, 83–84, 111, 175, 183 chancellor of Florence, 51, 108, 112 ambiguity in, 162–163 family antiquity, 116 cultural gift in. See cultural gift letter recipient, 131 domestic. See oratory, domestic vs. diplomatic letter writer, 26, 183 gifts in, 17, 89 literary humanist, 13, 41, 134 humanism in, 4, 16, 83–84, 110, 127, 129, 139–140, neighborhood, 33 151–152, 180–181, 183 origins of Florence, 64 in diplomacy, 16–17, 25, 105, 110–111, 113, 121, 129, political career, 107–108, 115 143, 167, 175, 181 Salutati, Leonardo di Coluccio, 145 material gifts in, 90 Salviati, Alamanno, 53, 144 oratory in, 85–106, 129, 175 Salviati, Jacopo (the elder) princely, 154–155 diplomat, 97–98, 133, 135 status in, 89–90 on oratory, 97–98, 131 Robbia, Luca della, 70 Salviati, Jacopo (the younger) Romagna, 37, 119, 161–162 learned connections, 53 Rome, 32, 48, 61, 119, 125, 149, 158 letter recipient, 53, 153 conquest of, 96, 131 San Antonino. See Pierozzi, Antonio host for diplomats, 19, 37–38, 60, 85, 92–96, 100, San Gimignano, 115, 156 113, 119, 157–161, 174 San Gimignano, Niccolo` di, 145 host for exiles, 43 San Giovanni learned connections in, 18–19 quarter, 70 Rondinelli, Michele, 22 San Lorenzo Rosselli, Rossello, 141 Chapter, 112 Rossellino, Bernardo, 31, 145 San Marco, 77 Tomb of Neri Capponi, 140 library, 57 Rossi family San Martino, 141 magnates, 108 San Martino a Gangalandi, 30 Rossi, Roberto, 11, 55–56, 62, 114 San Pancrazio, 68 dedicatee, 54 Santa Croce, 42, 65, 145 family antiquity, 116 quarter, 33, 36 hosts learned discussion, 22 Santa Maria degli Angeli, 41 letter writer, 60 Santa Maria del Fiore, 46, 73, 112 orator, 130 Santa Maria Novella, 61, 67, 85, 136 political career, 107–108 quarter, 70 students of, 54–55 Santa Trinita`, 78 teacher, 21, 64 Santo Spirito, 54 translator, 54 quarter, 70, 156 writer, 69 Savonarola, Girolamo, 53, 75, 166 Rucellai family Savoy, 161 family antiquity, 168 Scaevola, 171 Rucellai, Bernardo, 60, 67, 114, 153, 165 Scala, Bartolomeo, 43, 153, 175–176 Rucellai, Guglielmo, 168 chancellor of Florence, 42, 71, 108, 165, 173 Rustici, Cencio, 47 diplomat, 114, 115, 165, 168, 172–174, 182 Rustici, Marco di Bartolommeo, 64 History of Florence, 173 Account of the Journey to the Holy Sepulchre, 64 knight, 153, 175 lawyer, 173 Sacchetti, Franco, 26 letter writer, 27, 62, 166, 167 borrows book, 56 Oration to Costanza Sforza (1481), 86 diplomat, 117, 145, 165 Oration to Frederico da Montefeltro (1472), 87 host for learned discussions, 23, 33, 43, 59, 145, 181 Oration to Pope Innocent VIII (1484), 61, 174–175 Sallust, 28, 61, 67–68, 69, 130, 133 orator, 105, 153, 172–173 War against Catiline, 28 political career, 173

298 Index

Scala, Bartolomeo (cont.) selection of, 116 relations with Medici, 61, 173 social humanists on, 28, 82 senator of Rome, 175 Sixtus IV, Pope, 114 status, 84, 126, 153–154, 164, 174 audience for oration, 65 writes orations for others, 126 host for diplomats, 153, 168 Scarperia, Jacopo da, 55, 115 in diplomacy, 159, 173 Scipio Africanus, 43 social humanist, 16. See also names of specific scribes individuals as humanists, 45–46, 71–74, 76–78 defined, 9–12, 179 Sea Councils (Florentine government), 110–111 diplomatic careers of, 120 secretary, 120 impact of, 176, 184 learned connections, 71 number of, 180, 183 literary humanists as, 108, 120, 181 status, 4, 10, 110–111, 127 of diplomats, 5, 22, 74 women among, 182 private vs. public, 108 Socrates, 137 status of, 110, 120, 181 Soderini, Francesco (the elder), 139–140 Seneca, 73 Soderini, Francesco (the younger), 118, 139, 173 in libraries, 67–68, 70, 75 orator, 166, 173 quoted by orator/writer, 31, 130, 132, 137 Soderini, Giovan Vittorio, 53 Seravezza, 141 Soderini, Paolo, 166 Sermini, Piero, 22, 54 Soderini, Piero, 27, 53, 77 chancellor of Florence, 22 Soderini, Tommaso, 165, 170 chancellor of the Guelf Party, 22 Solomon, 149 Serristori, Carlo d’ Antonio di Silvestro, 23, 58 Spano, Pippo, 32 Servius, 45, 74 Spini, Agnolo, 120 Severus, Alexander, 169 Spini, Cristofano, 133–134 Seville, Isidore of Standard Bearer of Justice (Florentine Etymologies, 149 government), 37, 53, 116, 158 Sforza, Francesco, Duke of Milan, 103, 155 knowledge of Latin, 86 host for diplomats, 46, 102 mark of status, 48, 82, 110, 173 in diplomacy, 123–124 selection of, 116 selection of diplomats, 155 Statius, 36, 68, 75 Siciliano, Luca di Guido, 45 Silvae, 47 Siena, 101–102, 118, 120, 134, 140, 143 status. See also names of specific individuals Siena, Bernardino da, 88 and families Sigismondo, Emperor, 125, 161 among humanists. See humanist Signa, 30 Burckhardt on, 107, 110 Signoria (Florentine government), 18–19, 30, 37, defined, 66, 89, 117 68, 85, 96, 99–104, 116, 131, 156, 162, 174, 177 domestic vs. diplomatic oratory. See oratory, audience for oration, 87, 96, 105, 125 domestic vs. diplomatic audience for rituals, 87 impact of humanism on, 2, 15, 35–39, 84, 106, authority to send diplomats, 112 120, 129, 151–154, 157–164, 173–176, chapel of, 25 180–181, 183 family antiquity and, 156 in diplomatic ritual, 89–91, 104, 106, 143 honor of, 85–86 in diplomats, 120–121, 143, 155, 182 hosts diplomats, 87 literary humanists. See literary humanist letter recipient, 99 social humanists. See social humanist oratory, 87, 105, 123, 125 Stia, Giovanni da, 78–79 records of, 106, 111–113, 125 Strozzi family, 40, 50, 73 role in selecting diplomats, 117–118 branches interested in humanism, 28 social humanists on, 28, 38, 83 neighborhood, 33 Sixteen Standard Bearers (Florentine political fortunes, 73 government), 69, 71, 87, 109, 177 relations with Medici, 35, 72–73 literary humanists on, 110 status, 73

Index 299

students of Manetti, 46–47 literary humanist, 10, 42, 140 Strozzi, Alessandra (Bardi), 50 orator, 122–123, 125 Strozzi, Alessandra (Macinghi), 40, 46, 59, 73 origins of Florence, 123 Strozzi, Antonia (Baroncelli), 146 relations with Medici, 28 Strozzi, Antonio di Benedetto, 73 status, 157 Strozzi, Bartolomeo di Palla, 28, 50 translator, 116 Strozzi, Benedetto di Caroccio, 73 Strozzi, Palla di Palla. See Strozzi, Strozzi, Benedetto di Pieraccione, 35, 46, 50, 73 Palla Novello copies book, 26 Strozzi, Palla Novello, 57 learned connections, 44 diplomat, 138, 141 learned father, 28, 72 learned connections, 56 letter writer, 44 letter writer, 56 library, 44 orator, 56 Strozzi, Filippo di Matteo, 28, 46, 73 relations with Medici, 73 chapel of, 61 Strozzi, Piero di Benedetto, 28, 72–73 exile, 67 Strozzi, Salamone, 138–139 learned connections, 60–61 Strozzi, Zanobi di Benedetto, 28, 73 letter recipient, 60 studia humanitatis, 2–3, 9, 62, 71, 144 status, 36, 73 Studio ﬁorentino, 9, 36, 57, 69, 71, 144 Strozzi, Francesco di Benedetto di Caroccio, 73 Ofﬁcials of (Florentine government), 54 Strozzi, Francesco di Benedetto di Pieraccione, 73 Stufa, Angelo della, 146, 172 Strozzi, Giovanfrancesco, 50 Suetonius, 18, 68 Strozzi, Girolamo, 53 The Twelve Caesars, 19 Strozzi, Jacopo, 73 Sulla, 64 Strozzi, Leonardo, 38 Strozzi, Lorenzo di Filippo, 61 Tacitus, 73 Strozzi, Lorenzo di Matteo, 146 Tanagli family Strozzi, Lorenzo di Palla, 28, 50 status, 67 diplomat, 141 Tanagli, Guglielmo di Francesco, 61, 67, 144 exile, 50 Tanagli, Matteo di Bartolomeo, 67 learned connections, 50 Teci family Strozzi, Marcello, 35, 47 status, 70 diplomat, 135, 140, 144 Teci, Piero, 70 learned connections, 48 Tedaldi, Bartolo, 54–55 relations with Medici, 73 Terence, 18, 20, 68, 70 Strozzi, Matteo, 20, 26, 35, 43, 49–50, 52, 146, 178 Theodosius, Emperor, 169 diplomat, 138, 141 Tino family exile, 35, 40, 44–45 status, 70 learned connections, 40, 44–48 Tino, Andrea di Tommaso di Bartolo di ser, 70 learned father, 28 Tino, Lionardo di Tommaso di Bartolo di letter recipient, 26, 49–50, 72, 166 ser, 70 library, 44 Tino, Tommaso di Bartolo di ser, 70 neighborhood, 29 Tornabuoni family Overseer of the Ospedale, 44 family antiquity, 115 social humanist, 41, 54, 56, 179 Tornabuoni, Francesco Strozzi, Nofri di Palla, 28, 50–51 diplomat, 18–19, 37, 112, 156 exile, 50 learned connections, 19 Strozzi, Pagholo di Benedetto, 73 Tornabuoni, Giovanni, 173 Strozzi, Palla di Nofri, 7, 35, 46, 50–51, 56, 141 Tornaquinci family death of, 50 magnates, 115 diplomat, 114, 116, 138, 140–141 Tortelli, Giovanni, 75 exile, 35, 116 Grammar Commentaries, 76 learned father, 28, 50 Toscanella, 139 letter writer, 58 Tours, 90

300 Index

translation diplomats from, 94–96 audience for, 183 host for diplomats, 5, 117, 139, 160 importance in humanist movement, 4, 7, 9, 180 humanists in, 7 learned connections, 76–78 in diplomacy, 37–38, 94–95, 117, 158–159, 161 patronage, 23–25 increase in diplomats to, 142 social humanists, 10, 65 learned discussion in, 5, 19, 22 Traversari, Ambrogio place of printing, 53 family antiquity, 116 status of diplomats to, 100, 142 letter writer, 45–46, 48 Vespasiano da Bisticci on, 94 literary humanist, 41 Vergerio, Paolo, 75 political career, 115 Vergil, 20, 73–74, 124 translator, 69, 72 Aeneid, 20, 57, 61, 74 tre maggiori (Florentine government), 68, 75, 108, Ecologues, 52, 74, 124 178 Georgics, 74 importance in determining status, 115 in libraries, 19, 68, 70, 75 literary humanists on, 109 quoted by orator/writer, 124, 132 selection of, 116 Verino family social humanists on, 82 status, 81 Trebizond, George of, 75 Verino, Michele, 67 Books of Rhetoric, 76 Verino, Ugolino, 53, 69, 80, 83 Trismegistus, Hermes, 24 dedicatee, 80 Pimander, 165 letter writer, 67 Twelve Good Men (Florentine government), 69, 71 notary, 83 literary humanists on, 82, 109–110 secretary, 83 selection of, 116 vernacular social humanists on, 82–83 in forming learned connections, 20–21 in humanist movement, 7–8, 10, 15, 22, 41, 58, Uberti, Farinata degli, 32 64–65, 78 Uccello, Paolo, 73, 139 language of diplomatic negotiations, 100 Umbria, 156 language of oration/composition, 10–11, 44, 48, Urban V, Pope, 128–130 49, 52, 58, 64, 73, 100, 107, 123, 131, 134–135, 141, Urbino, 24 146, 178, 180 Uzzano, Niccolo` da, 134 miscellany manuscript, 28 bust of, 61 style, 122, 133 diplomat, 133 translated text, 48, 61, 65, 67–68, 76–78, 145, 180 learned connections, 61 Verocchio, Andrea del, 166 political verses of, 134 Veronese, Guarino, 45, 54 social humanist, 141 Verrazzano family status, 134, 156 status, 79 Verrazzano, Alessandro da, 78 Valerius Flaccus, 47, 72 Verrazzano, Andrea da, 78 Valerius Maximus, 63, 66, 68–70, 75 Verrazzano, Lodovico da, 146 Valla, Lorenzo, 75 Vespucci family On the Elegance of the Latin Language, 76 status, 79 Valori, Bartolomeo di Niccolo` Taldo, 62, 134–135 Vespucci, Amerigo, 77 orator, 135 Vespucci, Giorgio Antonio, 77 Varchi, Benedetto, 77 Vespucci, Guidantonio, 166, 173 Varro, 72 Via Cavour, 29 Vecchietti family Via dei Pandolﬁni, 30, 32 family antiquity, 115, 156 Via del Proconsolo, 29–30, 32, 58 Vecchietti, Marsilio, 133, 135 Via Ghibellina, 30 Vegio, Maffeo, 74 Villani, Giovanni, 63–64, 69 On the Meaning of Words, 74 Vinaccesi family Venice, 22, 79, 142, 161 status, 70

Index 301

Vinaccesi, Bartolomeo di Filippo, 70 Visconti, Filippo Maria, 122, 161 Vinaccesi, Filippo di Niccoluccio, 70 Visconti, Giangaleazzo, 26, 140, 183 Vinaccesi, Niccolo` di Filippo, 71 Vitruvius, 137 Vinaccesi, Niccoluccio di Filippo, 71 Vinaccesi, Pellegrino, 70 Xandra, 52 Vinci, Leonardo da, 168 Xenophon, 47, 73 Virgilio, Marcello, 86 Cyropedia, 65