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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9211240 “Successful minorities”: A critical reexamination of the Cuban-American case Vidal de Haymes, Maria del Rosario, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 Copyright ©1991 by Vidal de Haymes, Maria del Rosario. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 "SUCCESSFUL MINORITIES": A CRITICAL REEXAMINATION OF THE CUBAN AMERICAN CASE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Maria Vidal de Haymes, B.S.S.W, A.M. ***** The Ohio State University . 1991 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Keith Kilty Elizabeth Segal Adviser f James Upton College of Social WorJ Copyright by Maria Vidal de Haymes 1991 A Mis Padres, Diana Trujillo de Vidal y Alberto Vidal, quienes me ensenaron que "success" se mide en terminos de compasion, justicia, virtud, amor y lucha para el mejoramiento humano. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere gratitude goes to the members of my dissertation committee. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Keith Kilty. As my advisor, he offered infinite patience, support, encouragement, and advice. Without his assistance I would not have been able to complete this study. I am also very appreciative of Dr. Elizabeth Segal and Dr. James Upton. Their critical reading of the research proposal greatly helped in clarifying issues. I also offer my gratitude to Drs. Vilma Ortiz and Melvin Oliver of the University of California-Los Angeles for listening to me when I was initially struggling with ideas. My sincere appreciation also goes to three fellow students, Karin Gregory, Terry Cluse-Tolar, and Vinolia Fubara, who helped in more ways than I can name. I gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of David Reed and Fred Ruland of Ohio State and Fran Johannes and Rick Miller at University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Without their help I could not have tackled SAS, SPSS, census tapes, and the mainframe computer. My thanks also go MaryAnn Riggs of UW-M who patiently read the document format specifications and worked with my draft to make it conform. Lastly, I am deeply appreciative of my family. To my husband, Stephen, I offer sincere thanks for his confidence, ideas, and love. I also thank my son, Maceo, for understand­ ing at the young age of two what a dissertation is and for his frequent interruptions. And to my parents, I am forever indebted for the love and interest they have always shown me. VITA October 28, 1962 ............. Born - Trinidad, Cuba 1985 ......................... B.S.S.W., University of Nebraska-Lincoln 1987 ......................... A.M., School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago 1991 to Present .............. Assistant Professor, School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Social Work Studies in Social Welfare Policies: Professors Salvatore Imbrogno and Richard First Studies in Social Work Research: Professors Keith Kilty, Beverly Toomey, Richard Boettcher, and Rocco D'Angelo Studies in Social Functioning: Professors Keith Kilty and James Lantz Studies in Social Work Practice: Professors Daniel Lee and James Billups Principle Advisors: Professors Keith Kilty, Elizabeth Segal, and James Upton v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............................................ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................... iii VITA ................................................... V LIST OF TA B L E S ...................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................X CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION ................................ 1 General Area of C o n c e r n ..................... 1 Significance of the Issue and Justification of the Investigation . 7 Organization of the Dissertation .......... 9 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ....................... 11 Introduction ................................ 11 Cuban Immigration to the United States . 11 Literature Relevant to the Success S t o r y .................................. 22 Theoretical Foundation ..................... 47 III. METHODOLOGY.................................. 50 P u r p o s e ...................................... 50 Major Research Hypotheses ................... 50 Research Design ............................. 51 Research D a t a ................................ 54 Research Sample ............................. 56 Variables of Interest ....................... 57 Analysis Procedures..................... .. 60 CHAPTER PAGE IV. RESULTS ...................................... 66 Introduction ..................... ..... 66 Predictor, Criterion and Concomitant V a r i a b l e s ............................. 66 Relationship Between the Concomitant and Criterion Variables ................... 86 Results of the Analysis of Variance and Covariance............................. 88 V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.................... 96 Introduction ................................ 96 Overview and Discussion of Main F i n d i n g s .................................. 100 Limitations and Implications for Future R e s e a r c h .................................. 104 Discussion of Findings Within the Context of Minority "Success" Stories and Its Implications for Social W o r k .............................. 108 APPENDIX Variable Transformations ......................... 114 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................... 118 vii LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Frequencies for Households by Ethnicity . 68 2. Household Income Medians, Means, and Standard Deviations by Ethnicity .......... 73 3. Household Income Quartiles by Ethnicity . 73 4. Percent Distribution According to Source of Household Income by Ethnicity .......... 75 5. One-Way Analyses of Variance for Sources of Household Income by Ethnicity .......... 76 6. Mean Family Income by Number of Workers in Household and E t h n i c i t y ................. 77 7. Percent Distribution According to Number of Workers in Household by Ethnicity .... 78 8. Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation of Income of Individuals 15 Years of Age or Over Working Full-Time Year-Round by Sex and Ethnicity................................ 80 9. Income Percentiles in Dollars by Ethnicity and G e n d e r ....................... 81 10. Means and Standard Deviations of Concomitant Variables for Mexican, Puerto Rican and Cuban Households in all 12 States Sampled ........................... 83 11. One-Way Analyses of Variance for Concomitant Variables for 12 State S a m p l e ...................................... 84 viii TABLE PAGE 12. Means and Standard Deviations of Concomitant Variables for Cuban Households in 12 State and Florida Only S u b s a m p l e s .................................. 85 13. One-Way Analyses of Variance for Concomitant Variables for Florida Only for Cubans Sample ........................... 86 14. Product-Moment Correlations Between Covariate and Criterion Variables for the 12 State Sample and the Florida Only for Cubans Subsample ....................... 87 15. Summary of One-Way Analysis of Variance for Household Income by Ethnicity for 12 State Sample ................................ 88 16. Summary of One-Way Analysis of Variance for Household Income by Ethnicity for Florida Only for Cubans Subsample ........... 89 17. Summary of the Beta Weights and Significance of the Covariates for the 12 State Sample ............................. 91 18. Summary of the Beta Weights and Significance of the Covariates for the Florida Only for Cubans Subsample .......... 91 19. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for the Twelve State Sample ..................... 92 20. Summary of Analysis of Covariance for Florida Only for Cubans Subsample .......... 92 21. Observed Means and Means Adjusted for Covariates by Ethnicity for Twelve State S a m p l e ...................................... 93 22. Observed Means and Means Adjusted for Covariates by Ethnicity for Florida Only for Cubans Subsample ....................... 93 ix LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Model 1: Relationship Between Ethnicity and Household Income ............................
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