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Karyotypes of Five Species in Odontobutidae and Cottidae of Korea

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Karyotypes of Five Species in Odontobutidae and Cottidae of Korea Korean J. Ichthyol. 18(3), 155~162, 2006 Karyotypes of Five Species in Odontobutidae and Cottidae of Korea Gab Man Park and Ho Bok Song1,* Department of Parasitology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 210-701, Korea 1Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea The chromosome numbers of five species in two families of Korea are investigated: Odontobutis platycephala, O. interrupta, and O. obscura in Odontobutidae, and Cottus koreanus and C. hangiongensis in Cottidae. In Odontobutis species, the three species showed the diploid chromosome number, 2n=44 (NF=44) telocentric chromosomes. In Cottus species, the mitotic chromosomes from 24 groups with two chromosomes each indicated that it is a diploid. The karyotype of C. koreanus and C. hangiongensis is 2n=48 and NF=52. These species is the first report on the chromosomes and the karyotype analysis except O. platycephala. Our findings provide cytotaxonomic evidence for the species distinctness of these five species whose descriptions were based primarily on external morphology. Key words : karyotype, Cottidae, Odontobutidae, Cottus koreanus, C. hangiongensis, Odontobutis platycephala, O. interrupta, O. obscura, Korea Korea. The genus Odontobutis has a wide geo- Introduction graphic distribution in Korean peninsula. The genus also reveals closely similar species from Odontobutidae is a small family of fishes in the taxonomic point of view. Odontobutis interrupta order Perciformes. They are native to fresh water has been previously known to serve as the sec- rivers flowing into the South China Sea and the ond intermediate host of Echinostoma hortense northwestern Pacific Ocean. There are twenty (Ahn et al., 1985; Ahn and Ryang, 1986). The species in six genera. In Korea, 4 species in two family Cottidae inhabits mostly marine habitats genera of Odontobutidae are recognized (Kim, in the temperate and cold waters of the Northern 1997; Choi, 1998). Molecular phylogenetic and Hemisphere. This group included with 70 genera morphological character analyses have been and 300 species in the worldwide (Nelson, 1994). recently been studied using DNA sequencing in Thirty six species belonging to 21 genera in the Odontobutidae (Thacker, 2003; Thacker and family Cottidae from Korea are reviewed (Kim Hardman, 2005). In the Korean peninsula, the and Youn, 1992). The genus Cottus belongs to genus Odontobutis (Bleeker, 1874) has been re- the family Cottidae in Korea contains only three ported by three species: Odontobutis platyceph- described species. Cottus czerskii is distributed ala Iwata and Jeon, 1985, O. interrupta (Iwata in Duman River of Korea. C. koreanus and C. and Jeon, 1985), and O. obscura (Temminck and hangiongensis are endangered species in Korea. Schlegel, 1845; Kim, 1997). O. platycephala and There have been a few previous studies of the O. interrupta are known endemic species from parasites (Muzzall et al., 1997), genetic variation (Gyllenstewn and Ryman, 1988), and molecular *Corresponding author: [email protected] evolution (Hunt et al., 1997; Yokoyama and Goto, ─ 155 ─ 156 G.M. Park and H.B. Song 2005). was 44 (NF=44) and consisted of 22 pairs telo- In recent years, through a considerable num- centric chromosomes (Fig. 1). Table 1 shows the ber of works, a large amount of information has mean lengths and relative lengths of each chro- been accumulated on the chromosomes of the mosome as examined in three cells. Observed fishes. Cytogenetic studies of fishes have been chromosomes ranged from 3.03 to 5.46 µm. The important in aspects of phylogenetics and cytoge- mean total chromosome length based on the netic relationships among the species (Collares- measurements of three cells was 99.84±2.97 µm. Pereira et al., 1998; Gozukara and Cavas, 2004). Fig. 1 B is the karyotype constructed from the Lee et al. (1983) and Lee (1986) reported the chromosomes shown in Fig. 1 A, which was one chromosome numbers and karyotypes of O. platy- of the most elongated complements. The chromo- cephala, genus Odontobutis. However, kary- somes were arranged by size. This species is the ological studies of these two species of genus second report on the chromosomes. Lee et al. Odontobutis and two species of genus Cottus (1983) and Lee (1986) reported the same chro- have not been examined. In this work, five spec- mosome numbers of 2n=44. ies of two families of Korea were examined to de- termine and analyze the karyotypes for future 2. O. obscura comparative study of fish karyology. O. obscura had 44 diploid chromosomes con- sisting of 22 pairs of telocentric chromosomes Materials and Methods (Fig. 2). Table 2 shows the mean lengths and relative lengths of each chromosome as exam- The specimens used in this study were col- ined in three cells. Observed chromosomes ranged µ lected in Korea from July to October 2005, and from 3.21 to 6.17 m. The mean total chromo- examined shortly after collection. Six specimens some length based on the measurements of three µ of Odontobutis platycephala were collected in the cells was 100.96±4.00 m. Fig. 2 B is the kary- Tonggok-ri, Namsan-myeon, Chuncheon-si, otype constructed from the chromosomes shown Gangwon-do, five specimens of O. interrupta in in Fig. 2 A, which was one of the most elongated Wolmyeong-ri Yanggu-eup, Yanggu-gun, complements. Gangwon-do, seven specimens of O. obscura in Gucheon-ri, Dongbu-myeon, Geoje-si, Gyeon- 3. O. interrupta gsangnam-do, 3 specimens of Cottus koreanus in Chromosomes in six cells were observed and Jingdong-ri, Girin-myeon, Inje-gun, Gangwon-do, the chromosome number is 44 (NF=44). The - and five specimens of C. hangiongensis in Hosan karyotype of this species consists of 22 pairs of ri, Wondeok-eup, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do. The telocentric chromosomes (Fig. 3). Table 3 shows chromosomes preparations were made on gills of the mean lengths and relative lengths of each the fish by the usual flame drying method (Ojima chromosome as examined in two cells. Observed et al., 1972). The prepared slides were observed chromosomes ranged from 3.02 to 6.45 µm. Fig. 3 under an Olympus BX-51 microscope. Nomencla- B is the karyotype constructed from the chromo- ture of chromosome morphological types follows somes shown in Fig. 3 A, which was one of the Levan et al. (1964). To estimate the NF value, most elongated complements. The karyotypes of the chromosomes of the group meta- and sub- this species arranged by size. There were no metacentric were scored as bi-armed and the differences in diploid chromosome number or in - chromosomes of the group acrocentric as uni chromosome morphology between males and armed. Voucher specimens of the five species females. used in this investigation have been placed in the Department of Parasitology, Kwandong 4. Cottus koreanus University College of Medicine, Korea. Chromosomes in eight cells were observed and the chromosome number is 48 (NF=52). The Results karyotype of this species consists of two pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes and 22 pairs of 1. Odontobutis platycephala telocentric chromosomes (Fig. 4). Table 4 shows Diploid chromosome number of this species the mean lengths and relative lengths of each Karyotypes of Five Species in Odontobutidae and Cottidae 157 A Table 1. Relative lengths and total lengths (µm) of chromo- somes of Odontobutis platycephala* Chromosome No. RL±SE TL±SE Type 1 6.12±1.01 5.46±0.27 T 2 6.05±0.82 5.44±0.31 T 3 5.97±0.76 5.42±0.14 T 4 5.87±0.74 5.34±0.20 T 5 5.77±0.61 5.23±0.12 T 6 5.52±0.60 5.04±0.13 T 7 5.41±0.41 4.87±0.09 T 8 5.39±0.36 4.82±0.17 T 9 5.28±0.37 4.81±0.06 T 10 5.17±0.33 4.68±0.12 T 11 5.10±0.82 4.57±0.13 T 12 5.09±0.77 4.56±0.11 T B 13 4.91±0.73 4.39±0.15 T 14 4.82±0.63 4.38±0.10 T 15 4.67±0.39 4.24±0.11 T 16 4.61±0.35 4.23±0.09 T 17 4.52±0.34 4.14±0.07 T 18 4.46±0.33 4.03±0.08 T 19 4.31±0.50 3.89±0.12 T 20 4.25±0.31 3.78±0.14 T 21 3.89±0.22 3.59 ±0.16 T 22 3.31±0.29 3.03±0.10 T Fig. 1. A, Metaphase chromosome of Odontobutis platy- cephala; B, Karyotype constructed from A. Scale *Based on measurement of three karyotyped cells. RL±SE, bar indicates 10 µm. relative length of the chromosome (percentage of the total length of the autosomes in diploid); TL, total length of the autosomes in diploid; SE, standard error; T, telocentric chromosomes. A Table 2. Relative lengths and total lengths (µm) of chromo- somes of Odontobutis obscura* Chromosome No. RL±SE TL±SE Type 1 6.00±0.67 6.17±0.35 T 2 5.72±0.38 5.68±0.24 T 3 5.45±0.28 5.42±0.37 T 4 5.43±0.46 5.46±0.29 T 5 5.35±0.40 5.31±0.12 T 6 5.30±0.34 5.24±0.17 T 7 5.13±0.52 5.10±0.20 T 8 5.05±0.43 5.04±0.16 T 9 4.99±0.23 4.89±0.17 T 10 4.86±0.31 4.76±0.14 T B 11 4.75±0.32 4.71±0.21 T 12 4.59±0.16 4.52±0.16 T 13 4.37±0.21 4.34±0.13 T 14 4.31±0.22 4.27±0.11 T 15 4.26±0.13 4.19±0.09 T 16 4.15±0.26 4.14±0.17 T 17 3.98±0.25 3.88±0.13 T 18 3.74±0.12 3.66±0.15 T 19 3.59±0.13 3.59±0.18 T 20 3.43±0.21 3.42±0.17 T Fig.
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