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Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park Richard Jason Cantu University of Pennsylvania

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Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park Richard Jason Cantu University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2012 Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park Richard Jason Cantu University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Cantu, Richard Jason, "Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park" (2012). Theses (Historic Preservation). 185. http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/185 Suggested Citation: Cantu, Richard Jason (2012). Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/185 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park Abstract This thesis proposes to explore historic sod roofs as a precedent for green roof construction through the analysis of surviving examples at Bar BC Dude Ranch in Grand Teton National Park, WY in order to suggest new adaptations to historical usage. The ultimate goal will be to study the original and current roofing techniques to determine a method that will allow historical interpretation of the structures while improving roof and building maintenance and overall sustainability. This thesis will investigate the history of sod roofs, especially in relation to log building in the American West and the design of modern green roof construction as a means from which recommendations for the application of new sod roofs may be designed, tested, and applied. The aB r BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park will serve as a case study to better understand existing historic sod roof construction, why such roofs fail, to evaluate deterioration and sod roof performance, as well as to suggest a new design for the extant structures that may ensure their conservation and interpretation. Keywords green roofs, grand teton, sustainability, log cabins Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Suggested Citation: Cantu, Richard Jason (2012). Green Roofs for Historic Buildings: Case Study of the Bar BC Dude Ranch at Grand Teton National Park. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/185 GREEN ROOFS FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS: CASE STUDY OF THE BAR BC DUDE RANCH AT GRAND TETON NATIONAL PARK Richard Jason Cantu A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2012 ____________________ Advisor Frank G. Matero Professor of Architecture Director, The Architectural Conservation Laboratory ____________________ Program Chair Randall F. Mason Associate Professor Dedication To My Parents, Friends, and Teachers, for encouraging me to follow my dreams ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the faculties of the University of Pennsylvania and, especially Professor Frank G. Matero, for their assistance in the completion of this work. The National Park Service staff at Grand Teton National park has been instrumental in aiding my research. In particular, I would like to thank Katherine Longfield for her resourcefulness and encouragement along the way. Finally, I would like to thank the staff at the department of Historic Preservation and my classmates for sharing their knowledge and time with me. Thank you. iii Table of Contents Dedication ........................................................................................................................................ ii Acknowledgements......................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables/Charts ....................................................................................................................... ix List of Maps ...................................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Bar BC Dude Ranch Green Roof Case Study............................................................................... 1 1.2 Green/Sod Roof Design .............................................................................................................. 1 1.3 The Tradition of Sod Roof-Log Building in the West .................................................................. 2 1.4 Stress Grade & Design Properties for Round Timber, Determination of Dead Loads and Live Loads Associated with Vegetative Green Roof Systems & Green Roof Soil Testing ........................ 2 1.5 Justification ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.6 Research Methods & Testing ..................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Historical Traditions ................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Sod Roof Building .................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Sod Roof Building in the West ................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Traditional Sod Roof Design ....................................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Modern Sod Roof Designs ....................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Testing and Monitoring .............................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 8 Chapter 3 SOD ROOF DESIGN OVER TIME .................................................................................... 10 3.1 A Global History of Roof Garden Construction & Sod Roof Design ......................................... 10 3.2 History of Sod Roof Construction & Design in the Western United States ............................. 16 3.3 History of Modern Green Roof Construction ........................................................................... 20 iv Chapter 4 SITE INFORMATION, CLIMATE, & VERNACULAR AND CONTEMPORARY GREEN ROOF DESIGN/SPECIFICATIONS .............................................................................................................. 26 4.1 Case Study & Historic Preservation in Relation to Sustainability ............................................ 26 4.1.1 Preserving a Vital Part of America’s History ......................................................................... 28 4.1.2 History of Bar BC Dude Ranch ............................................................................................... 29 4.1.3 Cabin Designs at the Ranch ................................................................................................... 32 4.1.4 Selecting the Site and Life on the Ranch ............................................................................... 36 4.1.5 Site Data & Climate Data ...................................................................................................... 40 4.1.6 Cabin Integrity & Condition .................................................................................................. 44 4.1.7 Soil Data ................................................................................................................................ 45 4.1.8 National Park Standards for Green Roof Design ................................................................... 55 4.2 Current Roof System ................................................................................................................ 57 4.3 Green Roof Design at Bar BC Dude Ranch ............................................................................... 59 4.4 Contemporary Sod Roof Construction Using Historical Practices ........................................... 65 4.5 Contemporary Green Roof Designs & Specifications .............................................................. 67 4.5.1 Contemporary Green Roof Characteristics & Advantages ................................................... 69 4.5.2 Limitations of Modern Green Roof Systems ......................................................................... 72 4.5.3 Considerations When Designing a Green Roof ..................................................................... 73 4.5.4 Modern Green Roof Components ........................................................................................ 73 Chapter 5 TESTING AND MONITORING RESEARCH .....................................................................
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