Gustav III of Sweden on the Fall of the Bastille, 1789

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

chap 3 17/7/03 11:10 am Page 76 Death of the Old Regime? Gustav III of Sweden on the fall of the Bastille, 1789 Letter from Gustav III to Count Stendingk, his ambassador at St Petersburg, 7 August 1789 Nothing is more terrible than the events at Paris between 12th and 15th July: the Invalides broken into; canon and armed force used against the Bastille; this fortress taken by storm; the governor, Monsieur de Launay, dragged by the mob to the Place de Grève and decapitated; his head car- ried in triumph around the town; the same treatment meted out to the chief magistrate; the formation of a civil militia of 48,000 men; the French and Swiss guards joined with the people; Monsieur de Lafayette proclaimed commander-in-chief of the Paris militia; blue and red cock- ades raised,5 the Estates declaring the King’s ministers and the civil and military authorities to be responsible to the nation; and the King, alone with the Comte de Provence and the Comte d’Artois,6 going on foot, without escort, to the Assembly, almost to apologise, and to request assistance to put down the disturbances: this is how weakness, uncer- tainty and an imprudent violence will overturn the throne of Louis XVI. I am still so disturbed by this news that I am afraid my letter shows it. Source: A. Lentin (ed.), Enlightened Absolutism (1760–1790). A Documentary Sourcebook, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Avero Publica- tions, 1985, p. 281. 5 Blue and red were the colours of the city of Paris. The tricolor (red, white and blue) devised by Lafayette, replaced the white ﬂeur-de-lys of the house of Bourbon as the ﬂag of Revolution- ary France on 17 July 1789. 6 The king’s brothers, later Louis XVIII (1814–24) and Charles X (1824–30). 76 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Swedish Royal Ancestry Book 4 1751-Present
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY SWEDISH ANCESTRY Recent Royalty (1751 - Present) INTRODUCTION Our Swedish ancestry is quite comprehensive as it covers a broad range of the history. For simplicity the information has been presented in four different books. Book 1 – Mythical to Viking Era (? – 1250) Book 2 – Folkunga Dynasty (1250 – 1523) Book 3 – Vasa Dynasty (1523 – 1751) Book 4 – Recent Royalty (1751 – Present) Book 4 covers the most recent history including the wars with Russia that eventually led to the loss of Finland to Russia and the emergence of Finland as an independent nation as well as the history of Sweden during World Wars I and II. A list is included showing our relationship with the royal family according to the lineage from Nils Kettilsson Vasa. The relationship with the spouses is also shown although these are from different ancestral lineages. Text is included for those which are highlighted in the list. Lars Granholm, November 2009 Recent Swedish Royalty Relationship to Lars Erik Granholm 1 Adolf Frederick King of Sweden b. 14 May 1710 Gottorp d. 1771 Stockholm (9th cousin, 10 times removed) m . Louisa Ulrika Queen of Sweden b. 24 July 1720 Berlin d. 16 July 1782 Swartsjö ( 2 2 n d c o u s i n , 1 1 times removed) 2 Frederick Adolf Prince of Sweden b. 1750 d. 1803 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 . Sofia Albertina Princess of Sweden b, 1753 d. 1829 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 . Charles XIII King of Sweden b. 1748 d. 1818 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 Gustav III King of Sweden b.
[Show full text]
Enlightened Monarchy” in Practice
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto “Enlightened Monarchy” in Practice. Reforms, Ceremonies, Self-Fashioning and the Entanglement of Ideals and Values in Late Eighteenth-Century Sweden Henrika Tandefelt This article sets out to study the entanglement of different political, ideological and moral ideals and traditions in the Kingship of Gustav III, King of Sweden 1772–1792. Political thinking and practice in Eighteenth-Century Europe offered many elements and examples that different monarchs could apply in their own particular circumstances. Gustav III was one of the European Kings that openly supported the French enlightened thinkers fashioning himself as a Reformer-King. He was also very influenced by the French culture over all, and the culture of the traditional royal court in particular. In addition the Swedish political history with a fifty-year period of decreased royal power before the coup d’état of Gustav III in 1772 influenced how the European trends and traditions were put into practice. The article pursues to understand the way different elements were bound up together and put to action by the King in his coup d’état 1772, his law reforms in the 1770s and in the establishment of a court of appeal in the town Vasa in Ostrobothnia in 1776 and the ceremonial, pictorial and architectural projects linked to this. In this article I examine what has been called the enlightened absolutism of the Swedish king Gustav III (1746–1792) during his reign of 1772–1792. Gustav III’s reign began with a royal coup d’état in August 1772 and ended with the king being murdered during a masquerade ball at the Royal Opera in Stockholm in March 1792.
[Show full text]
Annual Report Contents
2017 Annual Report Contents OVERVIEW Statement by the CEO 4 Goals and strategies 8 Vasakronan in seconds Market overview 14 Dynamic city environment 15 Property management 18 Smart energy 19 VASAKRONAN’S ASSIGNMENT Schneider Electric 21 New Segelhuset 24 is to generate a high, risk-weighted return for Property development 26 our owners the First, Second, Third and Fourth Uppsala Science Park 29 Swedish National Pension Funds, though never Transaction activities 30 at the expense of the environment and people. Sthlm Seaside 31 A return that will benefit Sweden’s current and Financing 32 future pensioners. Green financing 35 Property holdings 36 Office solutions 37 WE TAKE RESPONSIBILITY Retail 39 for the people who are affected by our business. We do so by applying fair work conditions and REGIONS creating good work and urban environments. Our regions 42 It goes without saying that we also say no to Region Stockholm 44 any form of discrimination. Region Gothenburg 50 Region Öresund 54 Region Uppsala 58 HOW WE CREATE VALUE To accomplish our assignment, we must create ADMINISTRATION REPORT AND value in the business. This is achieved through FINANCIAL STATEMENTS good property management and development, Contents financial statements and notes 62 and supplemented by active transactions. Administration Report 63 Our strategy builds on our having attractive Risks and risk management 64 properties, being a good landlord and having Corporate Governance Report 68 dedicated employees. The Board of Directors and Auditors 74 Senior executives 75 Other information 76 Comments to the financial statements 78 Notes 90 Proposed appropriation of profits 109 Auditors’ report 110 GRI AND OTHER INFORMATION Sustainability reporting with GRI Index 114 Auditor’s statement on the sustainability report 126 Impact Report, Green Bonds 127 Auditor’s statement Impact Report 130 Quarterly and five-year overview 131 Definitions 134 Addresses, website, calendar and production 136 This Annual Report is a translation of the Swedish original.
[Show full text]
Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty
Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty Author: Rebecca Clark Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103616 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2012 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College Graduate School of Arts & Sciences Department of Political Science MONTESQUIEU ON THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL LIBERTY A dissertation by REBECCA RUDMAN CLARK submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2012 © Copyright by REBECCA RUDMAN CLARK 2012 Abstract Montesquieu on the History and Geography of Political Liberty Rebecca R. Clark Dissertation Advisor: Christopher Kelly Montesquieu famously presents climate and terrain as enabling servitude in hot, fertile climes and on the exposed steppes of central Asia. He also traces England’s exemplary constitution, with its balanced constitution, independent judiciary, and gentle criminal practices, to the unique conditions of early medieval northern Europe. The English “found” their government “in the forests” of Germany. There, the marginal, variegated terrain favored the dispersion of political power, and a pastoral way of life until well into the Middle Ages. In pursuing a primitive honor unrelated to political liberty as such, the barbaric Franks accidentally established the rudiments of the most “well-tempered” government. His turn to these causes accidental to human purposes in Parts 3-6 begins with his analysis of the problem of unintended consequences in the history of political reform in Parts 1-2. While the idea of balancing political powers in order to prevent any one individual or group from dominating the rest has ancient roots, he shows that it has taken many centuries to understand just what needs to be balanced, and to learn to balance against one threat without inviting another.
[Show full text]
The Subversive Court of Louise Bénédicte De Bourbon, Daughter-In-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)”
Phi Alpha Theta Pacific Northwest Conference, 8–10 April 2021 Jordan D. Hallmark, Portland State University, graduate student, “Parody, Performance, and Conspiracy in Early Eighteenth-Century France: The Subversive Court of Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, Daughter-in-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)” Abstract: This paper examines how the French princess Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, duchesse du Maine (1676–1753), the wife of Louis XIV’s illegitimate son, the duc du Maine, established an exclusive court at her château de Sceaux beginning in the year 1700 that challenged the centralized cultural system of the French monarchical state. Located twenty kilometers away from the rigid and controlling political center of Versailles, the court of the duchesse du Maine subverted social norms by inventing and performing parodies of court protocols, chivalric orders, emblems, and other forms of monarchical imagery. In a time and place where women were both legally and socially barred from holding positions of authority, the duchesse du Maine created a parallel world in which she was the sovereign, presiding over a court of important political, cultural, and intellectual figures, including the philosopher Voltaire. By considering the significance of this subversive court culture in the context of the factional divisions and dynastic crises emerging in the last years of Louis XIV’s reign, this paper will show how the seemingly frivolous aristocratic divertissements of the duchesse du Maine and her circle were informed by political, social, and dynastic ambitions that would culminate in a conspiracy to overthrow the French regent, Philippe d’Orléans, in 1718. “Parody, Performance, and Conspiracy in Early Eighteenth-Century France: The Subversive Court of Louise-Bénédicte de Bourbon, Daughter-In-Law of the Sun King (1700–1718)” by Jordan D.
[Show full text]
The Greatest Opera Never Written: Bengt Lidner's Medea (1784)
Western Washington University Masthead Logo Western CEDAR Music Faculty and Staff ubP lications Music 2006 The Greatest Opera Never Written: Bengt Lidner’s Medea (1784) Bertil Van Boer Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/music_facpubs Part of the Music Commons Recommended Citation Van Boer, Bertil, "The Greatest Opera Never Written: Bengt Lidner’s Medea (1784)" (2006). Music Faculty and Staff Publications. 3. https://cedar.wwu.edu/music_facpubs/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Music at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Music Faculty and Staff Publications by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bertil van Boer The Greatest Opera Never Written: Bengt Lidner’s Medea (1784) hen the Gustavian opera was inaugurated on 18 January 1773 with a performance of Johan Wellander and Fran- W cesco Antonio Baldassare Uttini’s Thetis och Pelée, the an- ticipation of the new cultural establishment was palpable among the audiences in the Swedish capital. In less than a year, the new king, Gustav III, had turned the entire leadership of the kingdom topsy-turvy through his bloodless coup d’état, and in the consolida- tion of his rulership, he had embarked upon a bold, even politically risky venture, the creation of a state-sponsored public opera that was to reflect a new cultural nationalism, with which he hoped to imbue the citizenry with an understanding of the special role he hoped they would play in the years to come.
[Show full text]
European Highlights End London
European Highlights End London Your itinerary Start Location Visited Location Plane End Location Cruise Train Over night Ferry Day 1 commemorating the massacre of the Swiss Guards in 1792 and spend your Welcome to Amsterdam afternoon shopping in the Old Town for Swiss souvenirs and chocolates. Consider an Optional Experience ascending the surrounding mountains for panoramic Welcome to the colourful city of Amsterdam. Explore this city of bicycles and alpine views, wander along the tranquil lake shore or stroll around the city boats before joining your Travel Director and fellow travellers this evening, on a admiring the decorative signposts and ornate façades lining the city's streets. scenic canal cruise including a light dinner and welcome drinks. Included Meals - Breakfast Hotel - Mercure City Day 5 Included Meals - Welcome Reception Off through the Burgundy Wine Region Day 2 to Paris Enjoy a Scenic Cruise in the Rhineland See the changing landscape as you travel into France through Alsace and across Journey through Germany's Rhine Valley, boarding a cruise past terraced the Maginot Line. Admire the scenic Burgundy Wine Region, famous for its vineyards, historic towns and medieval castles to St. Goar. The old university town delicious Chardonnay and Pinot Noir grape varieties, before arriving in Paris. of Heidelberg is our next stop, with its impressive Renaissance structures, Indulge in a free evening to explore the grand boulevards of the French capital. Baroque Old Town and view of the ruined red sandstone castle that towers above Experience the pageantry of Paris first-hand and opt for an Optional Experience to the city.
[Show full text]
Historiska Epoker I Sverige Och Världen
Historiska epoker i Sverige och världen Apor och halvapor - primater - framträdde (ca 70 miljoner år sedan). Dinosaurierna dog ut (65 miljoner år sedan). Ramapithecus, varelse som kunde klättra i träd och leva på marken (10-14 miljoner år sedan). Människoapan Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) levde (3 miljoner år sedan). Homo habilis - den händiga människan, kunde använda redskap (2 miljoner år sedan). Homo erectus - den upprätta människan, kände till bruket av elden. Spred sig över jordklotet, från Afrika till Asien och Europa (1,3 miljoner - 300 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens neanderthalensis - neanderthalmänniskan, den vetande människan, hade förfinade verktyg och ritualer (100 000 - dog ut 30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens - den moderna människan, konkurrerade ut neanderthalmänniskan ? språk, bättre jaktmetoder (50 000 år sedan - nu). Äldre stenåldern (40 000 f Kr, i Sverige 11 000 f Kr - 4200 f Kr) "Jägarstenåldern" Venus från Willendorf (modergudinna, 20-30 000 år sedan). Homo sapiens sapiens spreds över jordklotet. Amerika koloniserades av människor (28 000 f Kr). Naturmotiv i Lascaux-grottan i Frankrike (15 000 år f Kr). Världens äldsta stad, Jeriko i nuvarande Jordanien (8350 f Kr). Jordbruket uppstod i Mellanöstern (8000 f Kr). Isen började försvinna i Norden (8000 f Kr). Catal Hüyük i Mindre Asien (Turkiet) (6250 f Kr). I Skåne levde kanske 400 människor (6000 f Kr). Människor slog sig ned vid Nilen i Egypten som jordbrukare (5000 f Kr). Civilisation uppstod kring Gula floden (Huang-he) i Kina (5000 f Kr). Yngre stenåldern (i Sverige 4200 f Kr - 1800 f Kr) Jordbrukarstenåldern Människor kom till Mesopotamien (4000 f Kr).
[Show full text]
Major Powers Are Venice, Milan, Florence Naples & Papal State
Italy in 1494: Major powers are Venice, Milan, Florence Naples & Papal State Execution of Savonarola as heretic, critic of Alexander VI Borgia 1498 Borgia Pope Alexander VI 1492-1503 In Pinturicchio Resurrection Cesare Borgia Son of Alexander VI Head of Papal armies Machiavelli’s hero because of military ability (virtù) Lucrezia Borgia daughter of Pope as Saint Catherine of Alexandria by Pinturichio Same age as Pope’s Mistress Giulietta Farnese (her brother made a Cardinal by Alexander VI, later became Pope Paul III) Dwarfing of Italy, 1494-1527 French Kings (Valois) invasions of Italy: 1494 Charles VIII asserts claim to Naples, Medici expelled from Florence 1499 Louis XII called in by Venice against Milan 1515 Francis I - military victory, occupation of Milan but defeated at Pavia 1525 by Charles V Emperor Charles V of Holy Roman Empire 1519 Imperial election: Hapsburg Charles I of Spain elected as German Emperor Leo X had made alliance with Charles V against France Machiavelli 1512-1513 Discourses on Livy (Friday) republican governments as best comparison of Roman Republic with Florentine Republic Central concepts: virtù (Latin virtus) versus fortuna (fortune, chance, luck) Political leaders must be have the ability (virtù) to deal with changing events (fortune) Civic religion: ancient versus modern what kind of religion is better for the state? Critique of Christianity, but especially of the role of the Papacy in Italian politics Julius II 1503-1513 Raphael Portrait of Julius II 1512 Warrior Pope Personally leads papal army against Northern invaders Erasmus Julius Exclusus1514 Pope Julius excluded from heaven by St Peter Erasmus as northern humanist, Church reformer Leo X Medici (Pope 1513-1521) son of Lorenzo the Magnificent made a Cardinal at age 13 in exchange for marriage of Lorenzo’s daughter to Pope Innocent VIII’s son 1512 Medici restored to Florence 1513 election demonstrates restored Medici power traditional alliance of Popes & Florence strengthened campaign to raise money for building of St.
[Show full text]
A Senior Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego March 28, 2016 Contents
Henry James Agee A Senior Honors Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego March 28, 2016 Contents Chapter 1: Introduction.................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: The Great Lie of the Fifth Republic.............................................................................3 Chapter 3: Literature Review / My Contribution........................................................................5 Chapter 4: A Revolution Left Unsettled, and an Identity Crisis Born.......................................23 Chapter 5: Outlining My Argument.............................................................................................27 Chapter 6: Religion and Nationalism in France Prior to 1789.................................................32 Chapter 7: The Revolution of 1789: Motivations and Outcomes.............................................41 Chapter 8: Rebellion in the Vendée - Fracture Between Republicanism and Religion..........47 Chapter 9: French Catholicism and Politics: 1801 - 1905.........................................................55 Chapter 10: The Modern National Front's Appeal to Cultural Catholicism.............................68 Chapter 11: How the National Front has Struck a Chord that Others Have Not.....................77 Chapter 12: Conclusion: Catholicism and the Destiny of France.............................................83 Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful for John
[Show full text]
A MODERN MONARCHY the Swedish Royal Family Is One of the Oldest Royal Families in the World, Yet Regarded As the World’S Most Modern by Many
FACTS ABOUT SWEDEN | MONARCHY sweden.se PHOTO: JONAS EKSTRÖMER/TT PHOTO: The Royal Family at Solliden Palace, on the island of Öland. MONARCHY: A MODERN MONARCHY The Swedish Royal Family is one of the oldest royal families in the world, yet regarded as the world’s most modern by many. In 1980, Sweden became the first monarchy to change its succes- sion rites so that the first-born child of the monarch is heir to the throne, regardless of gender. Ambitious and with charm to spare, Crown Princess Victoria seems more than ready for the task. The Swedish monarchy is certainly used were discussions about reforming the their first child: second in line to the to the eyes of media. Recent years have Succession Act and make it gender neu Swedish throne, Princess Estelle was offered up a series of weddings and tral. The change eventually took place born on 23 February 2012. On 2 March births that have put them even more into three years after her birth but was made 2016, Victoria gave birth to her second the spotlight – nationally and interna retroactive, which immediately changed child, Prince Oscar. tionally. Victoria’s title from Princess to Crown On 20 February 2014, Victoria’s youn Perhaps none was as widely followed Princess. ger sister Madeleine gave birth to Prin as the marriage between Crown Princess cess Leonore. The father is BritishAme Victoria and Daniel Westling. Royal nuptials and births rican businessman Christopher O'Neill. The celebrations around Victoria’s mar On 15 June 2015, Princess Madeleine Heir apparent riage to Daniel Westling, previously a and O’Neill had their second child, As the eldest of three siblings, Victoria gym owner and personal trainer, on Prince Nicolas.
[Show full text]
Playing King
ISSN 2002-3898 © Maria Berlova and Nordic Theatre Studies DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/nts.v26i1.109744 Published with support from Nordic Board for Periodicals in the Humanities and Social Sciences (NOP-HS) Playing King Maria Berlova ABSTRACT The Swedish King Gustav III ruled from 1771 to 1792. His departure to the Russian war in 1788 was staged as a grandiose spectacle. The King, who was also a playwright, made the day of his departure coincide with the symbolic date of June 23. This was the date that Gustav II Adolph (ruled 1611-32) went off to the Thirty Years? War in 1628. The parallel between Gustav III and the great Swedish warrior King was further emphasized by his costume made in the style of Gustav Adolph. In this article, the author analyzes Gustav III?s departure to war as a theatrical event and explores the borders of theatrical events in the late eighteenth century. Gustav III?s ceremonial departure is placed in the framework of Nikolai Evreinov?s and Yuri Lotman?s theories of theatricality which show how the King applied theatrical means to everyday life in order to theatricalize it, i.e. to make it spectacular and symbolic. By theatricalizing life Gustav III idealized his role of king and thus performed his power. Theatricalization of political life not only adorned life but it also significantly changed reality; the theatrical playing of the King entailed real consequences ? Gustav III enacted his role of a monarch in a memorable way and achieved his political goals. The interaction between politics and theater is the main focus of the article.
[Show full text]