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Imágenes Occidentales Del Oriente Medio a Través De Las Traducciones De Textos Árabes Al Francés En La Época Del Protectorado

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Imágenes Occidentales Del Oriente Medio a Través De Las Traducciones De Textos Árabes Al Francés En La Época Del Protectorado UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA Departamento de Filología Francesa IMÁGENES OCCIDENTALES DEL ORIENTE MEDIO A TRAVÉS DE LAS TRADUCCIONES DE TEXTOS ÁRABES AL FRANCÉS EN LA ÉPOCA DEL PROTECTORADO MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Ahlam Mahmoud Rashid Sbaihat Bajo la dirección de la doctora Amelia Sanz Cabrerizo Madrid, 2016 © Ahlam Mahmoud Rashid Sbaihat,2002 Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Filología Departamento de Filología Francesa Imágenes occidentales del Oriente Medio a través de las traducciones de textos árabes al francés en la época del protectorado Tesis doctoral Dirigida por: Dr. Amelia Sanz Cabrerizo Doctorando: Ahlam Mahmoud Rashid Sbaihat 2001-2002 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar me gustaría agradecer al Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores Español el haberme concedido una beca de cuatro años sin la cual no hubiera podido llevar a cabo este estudio. También he de expresar mi agradecimiento a otras instituciones, como l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale del Cairo por haberme otorgado una beca para realizar la investigación relacionada con el tema de mi tesis en el Cairo y al Institut Français de Damasco por haberme facilitado, fuera de las normas, consultar una gran cantidad de sus fondos durante mi corta estancia en Siria. Quisiera también mostrar mi agradecimiento al Departamento de Filología Francesa de la Universidad Complutense y de forma especial al Dr. Javier del Prado por haberme aceptado en su programa. He de dar públicamente las gracias a quien con tanta paciencia me ha dirigido más directamente en este trabajo, la Dra. Amelia Sanz Cabrerizo, del Departamento de Filología Francesa de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid: por su disponibilidad destacable e inolvidable, por su ayuda y dedicación personal preciosas y eficaces, por su excelente capacidad de dirigir y manejar con tanta habilidad y tanto conocimiento este tema. Me gustaría también mencionar en esta breve nota a todas las personas que me han apoyado para obtener las becas y para realizar la tesis, como son la Dra. Mª Jesús Viguera por sus consejos y apoyo inestimables, D. Nabih Al-Momani, Jefe de Sección de Becas de Funcionarios del Ministerio de Estudios Superiores de Jordania, D. Muhammed Alaiwa, profesor de la Universidad del Cairo, por sus consejos e instrucciones en muchos campos de la tesis. Finalmente he de dar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todas las bibliotecas que me han facilitado mi trabajo de investigación, a mis padres, a mis hermanos y a mis amigos cuyos nombres no cabe mencionar en esta nota breve por su apoyo y ayuda ofrecidos durante estos cuatro años. índice I Agradecimientos Índice............................................................................................................................... I Introducción .................................................................................................................1 Abreviaturas ..................................................................................................................16 Capítulo Primero: Principios teóricos y metodológicos utilizados 0. Introducción ......................................................................................................18 1. La Imagología ...................................................................................................18 1.1. La imagen “literaria”................................................................................. 19 2. Teoría de los polisistemas .................................................................................28 3. Aproximaciones lingüísticas .............................................................................33 3.1. Historicidad ................................................................................................35 3.2. El lector ......................................................................................................36 3.3. Propósito de la traducción ..........................................................................37 3.4. Teorías de equivalencia dinámica ..............................................................39 3.5. Tipología de traducción..............................................................................40 4. Metodología ..................................................................................................... 42 Capítulo Segundo: Relaciones entre Francia y Oriente Medio 1. Percepción de Oriente a través de cambio de denominación............................47 1.1. Oriente y Occidente....................................................................................49 1.1.1. Oriente y Occidente desde el punto de vista geográfico .................49 1.1.2. Oriente geoislámico.........................................................................49 1.2. Oriente Medio y Próximo Oriente..............................................................50 1.2.1. Oriente Medio y Próximo Oriente geográficos ...............................50 1.2.2. Oriente Medio geopolítico...............................................................51 1.3. Levante (o Machreq) ................................................................................. 51 1.3.1 Levante geopolítico........................................................................51 II 1.3.2 Levante geográfico.........................................................................52 1.3.3 Levante literario .............................................................................52 1.4. Oriente histórico-geográfico ......................................................................53 1.5. Desde una ambigüedad léxica ....................................................................54 2. Relaciones políticas entre Europa y Oriente Medio..........................................55 2.1. El nacimiento del orientalismo: el siglo XVIII ..........................................55 2.2. Desde principios del siglo XIX hasta 1882................................................59 2.3. Desde los años ochenta hasta 1954 ............................................................61 3. Relaciones intelectuales entre Occidente y Oriente Medio...............................62 3.1. El siglo XVIII.............................................................................................63 3.2. El siglo XIX hasta 1882 .............................................................................65 3.3. Desde 1882 hasta 1954...............................................................................72 Conclusión ....................................................................................................................73 Capítulo Tercero: Fuentes de la imagen 1. Los viajeros: búsquedas y descubrimientos ......................................................76 1.1. Antes de 1882.............................................................................................76 1.2. A partir de 1882..........................................................................................85 2. Viajes en busca de textos islámicos para las colecciones de las bibliotecas ...............................................................................................92 Conclusión ....................................................................................................................96 3. El papel de las instituciones francesas ..............................................................97 3.1. École des Jeunes Langues .........................................................................98 III 3.2. École des Langues Orientales Vivantes ..................................................102 3.3. Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale del Cairo .............................104 3.4. Société Asiatique ...................................................................................108 3.5. École des Langues Orientales Anciennes de l’Institut Catholique de París ..........................................................................................................109 3.6. Société d’Édition “Les Belles Lettres”.....................................................112 3.7. Institut Français de Damasco ...................................................................113 3.8. UNESCO..................................................................................................119 Conclusión ..................................................................................................................120 Capítulo Cuarto: Análisis de los repertorios 1.1. Repertorio de obras clásicas...............................................................123 1.2. Repertorio de obras modernas............................................................134 1.3. Repertorio de obras cristianas ............................................................137 1.4. Repertorio de las obras literarias de ficción .......................................139 1.5. Repertorio de diccionarios realizados por franceses ..........................142 2.0. Introducción .............................................................................................144 2.1.Clasificación de las traducciones por campos temáticos...........................145 2.1.1. Traducción científica...............................................................145 2.1.2. Traducción religiosa ................................................................148 2.1.3. Traducción de obras literarias .................................................156 2.1.4. Estudios dialectales y beduinos...............................................158
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