The American University in Cairo Government and Politics in Egypt

The American University in Cairo Government and Politics in Egypt Fall-2016 Instructor: Ashraf El Sherif Monday-Thursday 3:35-4:55 pm WALEED C148 Office hours: Monday-Thursday 12:30-2:00 pm Office: HUSS 2027 Email: [email protected]

Course Objective This course offers a historical and thematic analysis of the nature and dynamics of modern Egyptian politics including the state institutions, civil-military relations, parliaments and political parties, ideology and political economy. The objective of this course is to study the evolution of Egypt's political institutions, processes and dynamics highlighting its elements of continuity and change. The first part of the course will be chronological, intended to give students a basic knowledge of the history and evolution of Egyptian political institutions. The course will start by searching state origins in Mohammed Ali's time and the regime's origins in Nasser's time. We will then proceed to Sadat's period that constituted the backdrop of the Mubarak's periods that will form the second part of the course.. The second part will be thematic, in which we will deepen our knowledge of some key political issues facing Egypt today that have led Egypt to the 2011 revolution and shape its post 2011 political arena till the reconsolidation of authoritarianism in the post- 2013 era. Such themes will include but are not limited to the following:, the rise of the second republic, civil participation, social movements, civil society, ideological actors, the role of the military, parliamentary elections, presidential elections and the evolving legal structure. The last part of the course will highlight the 2011 revolution and its political impacts including the counter-revolution and reconsolidation of state authoritarianism under General Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi and the military rule..

Course Requirement In view of the fact that lectures and presentations will complement rather than reiterate the assigned readings, it is expected that you attend all class meetings. You will be held responsible for all the material we cover in readings, lectures and films. Attendance is also mandatory for all exams, and make-ups will be given only for bona fide emergencies (i.e., severe illness documented by a physician). Participation: In addition to being physically present, I expect you to be mentally present as well! As such, you should complete all assigned readings before each class meeting, so that you are familiar with the concepts, facts, theories, and controversies with which we are dealing.

A midterm exam will be held in class and students will be expected to answer short answer questions, identification terms and a long essay question. The same applies to the final exam which will be held according to the university final exam schedule. A research paper of between 2500 to 3000 words is to be submitted on the last day of class, the topic of the paper must be relevant to the course subject matter

Grade Distribution Class Attendance and Participation: 20% Research paper 25 % Midterm exam: 30 % Final exam: 35%

Course Grading: Please note that the course is based on the following grading system: A Category (A, A-) 100-90% B Category (B+, B, B-) 89-80% C Category (C+, C, C-) 79-70% D Category 69-60% F Category 59 and Below

Course Outline

September 1st Introduction:

Part I- Rise of the modern Egyptian state authoritarianism

September 5th Out of the Ottoman Order: the 19th Century

• A Marsot. A short history of modern Egypt. Chap. 4: the beginning of the state system. • Vatikiotis: A history of modern Egypt. Chap. 4.

Recommended: • Robert Tignor, Egypt: A Short History, Chapter 9, 10. • Khaled Fahmi, “The Era of Muhammad Ali Pasha, 1805-1848,” Cambridge History of Egypt Vol. II, pp. 139-180.

September 8th Nationalism and the Spirit of 1919

• M. W, Daly, “The British Occupation, 1882-1922,” Cambridge History of Egypt Vol. II, pp. 239-251. • James Jankowski, Israel Gershoni, Egypt, Islam and the Arabs: The Search for Egyptian Nationhood, 1900-1930 (Oxford, 1986), pp. 40-55, 77-104. • Novels: Naguib Mahfouz, Bayn al-Qasrein (Cairo Trilogy Part :I) and Tawfiq al-Hakim, ‘Awdet al-Roh (Return of the Soul)

September 15th-19th Questioning the myth: Liberalism without Democracy and story of rise and fall

• Selma Botman, “The Liberal Age, 1923-1952,” Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. II, pp. 285-308. • Robert Tignor, Egypt: A Short History, Chapter 10. • Afaf Marsot, A short history of modern Egypt, chap. 5. • Joel Gordon, Nasser's blessed movement, chap 1, A country of failure. • Joel Beinin, “Egypt: Society and Economy, 1923-1952,” Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol. II, pp. 309-333. • James Jankowski and Israel Gershoni, Redefining the Egyptian Nation, 1930- 1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. 1-31. • Hamied Ansari, Egypt: The Stalled Society (New York: SUNY, 1986), pp. 57- 78. • Films: The man who lost his shadow (al-Ragol allazi faqad Zhelo), Cairo 1930 (al- Qahera 30), Al-Ard (The Land) and Ghoroub wa Shorouk (Sunset and Sunrise) • Novels: Naguib Mahfouz : Qasr al-Shoq and al-Sukariiya (Cairo Trilogy: Parts II and III) Fathy Ghanem : Those days(Telq al-Ayam), Ibrahim Abdel-Meguid : No one sleeps in Alexandria and Louis Awad: History of Hassan Moftah(Tareekh Hassan Moftah) • Recommended: • Robert Tignor, “Bank Misr and Foreign Capitalism,” International Journal of Middle East Studies Vol. 8, No. 2 (Apr. 1977), pp. 161-181. • Eric Davis, Challenging Colonialism: Bank Misr and Egyptian Industrialization, 1920-1941 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983), pp. 108- 133. • Robert Vitalis, “On the Theory and Practice of Compradors: The Role of Abbud Pasha in the Egyptian Political Economy” International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Aug., 1990), pp. 291-315. • Lia Brynjar, The Society of The Muslim Brothers in Egypt: The Rise of An Islamic Mass Movement, 1928-1942 (Reading, England: Ithaca, 1998), pp. 1- 49.

September 22nd- 26th

The foundation of the July authoritarian regime and its dilemmas . • R. Baker. Egypt's uncertain revolution. Chaps 2,3 and 4 Building a political-economic order • Joel Gordon, Nasser’s Blessed Movement: Egypt’s Free Officers and the July Revolution (New York: Columbia University Press) 1997. (SELECTIONS) • Kirk J. Beattie, Egypt During the Nasser Years: Ideology, Politics and Civil Society (Boulder: Westview) 1994, Ch. 5 – “Nasser’s Pursuit of National and Social Revolutions: 1954-1960” (pp. 111-153) • Anour Abdel-Malek, Egypt Military Society: the Army Regime, the Left, and Social Change under Nasser (New York: Vintage) 1968. SELECTIONS • Ashraf El-Sherif, Kamal al-Din Hussein and the Conservative faces of July state. Mada Masr, January 1st, 2015. http://www.madamasr.com/ar/opinion/politics/%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8 4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86- %D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86- %D9%88%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87- %D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9- %D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88- %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8%D8%A9 • Novels: Naguib Mahfouz, Thief and the dogs, al-Siman wa al-Khareef and Miramar, Latifa Al Zayat, The Open Door, Sonallah Ibrahim, The Smell of It (Telk al-Ra’eha), Fathy Ghanem: Zainab and the throne (Zeinab wa al-‘Rsh) and The story of To ( Hekayet To), Gamal al-Gheitani: Stories of the institution (Hekayat al-Mo’sasa) • Films: The Open Door (al-Bab al-Maftouh), al-Haram (The Sin), al-Karnak, Case 1968 (al- Qadeya 68) and Some Fear (Shei’ men al-Khof)

Recommended: • Gamal Abdul Nasser, Egypt’s Liberation: The Philosophy of the Revolution, (Washington DC: Public Affairs Press) 1955. • Egypt Under Nasser by Johnson, Peter Middle East Research and Information Project 10 (1972) • http://nasser.bibalex.org/main.aspx (Highly Recommended) Project of the Bibliotheca Alexandrina in cooperation with the Nasser Foundation (in Arabic). This site includes hundreds of speeches, photographs, and historical documents related to Gamal Abdel Nasser and is, in my opinion, the best internet sources on this topic. • Malcolm Kerr, “The Emergence of a Socialist Ideology in Egypt,” Middle East Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2 (November 1962). • Malcolm Kerr, The Arab Cold War: Gamal Abdel Nasser and His Rivals 1958-1970 (Oxford University Press, 3rd edition) 1971. • Anouar Abdel-Malek, “Nasserism and Socialism” (from the Socialist Register) http://socialistregister.com/socialistregister.com/files/SR_1964_Abdel-Malek.pdf • Kirk J. Beattie, Egypt During the Nasser Years: Ideology, Politics and Civil Society (Boulder: Westview) 1994. –ch. 2 ‘The Major Competitors for Hegemony’ (about politics and cleavages in the immediate pre-revolutionary period) (pp. 17-35); ch. 5 – ‘Nasser’s Pursuit of National and Social Revolutions: 1954-1960’ (pp. 111-153). • M. Abdel-Fadil, The Political Economy of Nasserism (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) 1980.

September 29th

Sadat and the restoration of the July regime

• Baker, Egypt's uncertain revolution… Chap. 6, • Raymond A. Hinnebusch Jr., Egyptian Politics under Sadat: The post-populist development of an authoritarian-modernizing state (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1985, chapters 3, 8 and 9 • R. Hinnebusch. Egypt under Sadat: Social Problems, Vol. 28, No. 4, Apr., 1981), pp. 442- 464. • Sonallah Ibrahim, Zaat (Cairo: AUC press), 344 pages, translated by Anthony Calderbank. And Naguib Mahfouz , Yawm Qotal al-Za’eem (The day the Boss was killed) • Films: Al-Mowaten Masry (Citizen Masry), The return of the prodigal Son (‘Awdet al-Ibn al- Dal), the Bus Driver (Sawa’ al-Autobees), People on Top (Ahl al-Qemma), ‘la man Notleq al-Rosas(On whom we should shoot?), al-‘wama 70, The guilty people (al-Mozneboun) and the Trumps (al-Sa’leek)

Recommended:

• John Waterbury, The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat: the political economy of two regimes (Princeton: PUP), 1983 chapter 7 • Kirk Beattie, Egypt During the Sadat Years (Palgrave), paperback July 2001. • Waterbury, The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat (Princeton: PUP) 1983, chapter 10 ‘Equity and Inequity Without Pain,’ pp. 207-23; chapter 11 ‘State and Class,’ pp. 232-262. • Nawal El Saadawi, Memoirs from the Women’s Prison (translated by Marilyn Booth) (Berkeley: UC Press) 1986.

Part II- Egyptian politics under Mubarak: Stalled state and turbulent society

October 10th Mubarak: the rule of security logic

• Robert Springborg, Mubarak's Egypt, chap. 2 and 5 • Diane Singerman, "The Politics of Emergency Rule in Egypt", Current History, No. 651, January, 2002, pp. 29-35. • Jason Brownlee, “The Decline of Pluralism in Mubarak’s Egypt,” Journal of Democracy,13,4,2002,pp.6-14. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v013/13.4brownlee.htm • Holger Albrecht, “How Can Opposition Support Authoritarianism? Lessons from Egypt,” Democratization, vol. 12, No. 3, June 2005, pp. 378-397. [SKIM] • Novels: Muhammad Rabie, Year of the Dragon (‘am al-Teneen) • Films: The innocent guy (al-Baree’), The Wife of an important Man (Zawget Ragol Mohem), Mowaten wa Mokhber wa Harami (A citizen, an informant and a thief) and A case at the Vice Squad(Malaf fi al-Adab)

Recommended: • Gamze Cavdar, “The Paradox of the Egyptian Political Reform,” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 30, no. 4 (Summer 2007) • Louay Abdulbaki, “Democracy and the re-consolidation of authoritarian rule in Egypt,” Contemporary Arab Affairs, vol. 1, no. 3, July 2008, 445-463. • Sonallah Ibrahim, Zaat [Novel] (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press), 2004 (first published in 1992). • Galal Amin, Whatever Happened to the Egyptians? Changes in Egyptian Society from 1950 to the Present(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press) 2001. • Samer Shehata, “Authoritarian Mechanics,” Al Ahram Weekly (2006) (available online). • Hala Mustafa and Augustus Richard Norton, “Stalled Reform: The Case of Egypt,” Current History, January 2007. • Robert Springborg, Mubarak’s Egypt: Fragmentation of the Political Order (Boulder: Westview Press) 1989. • Robert Bianchi, Unruly Corporatism: Associational Life in Twentieth-Century Egypt (New York: Oxford Univ. Press) 1989 (chapters 1-3, pp. 3-89). • Eberhard Keinle, ‘More than a Response to Islamism: The Political Deliberalization of Egypt in the 1990s,’ The Middle East Journal, 52:2, Spring, 1998. • Vickie Langohr, “Too Much Civil Society, Too Little Politics? Egypt and Other Liberalizing Regimes,” Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and Resistance (Lynne Reiner: Boulder) 2005, (eds) Marsha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Penner Angrist. • Ahmed Abdalla, ‘Egypt before and after September 11, 2001: Problems of a Political Transformation in a complicated international setting,’ Deutches-Orient Institut (Nr. 9 Marz, 2003) http://www.duei.de/doi/en/content/onlinepublications/focus9.pdf • Samer Shehata, ‘Egypt After 9/11: Perceptions of the United States,’ SSRC. http://conconflicts.ssrc.org/mideast/shehata/ Clashing With Cairo’ (Online NewsHour: 8/16/02) http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july- dec02/egypt_8-16.html • Bill Moyers’ TV documentary on the reaction in Egypt to the Iraq War. “The View from Cairo,” April 25, 2003. http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/viewfromcairo.html

October 13th The crisis of the rentier State in Egypt

• Soliman, S. Strong regime, weak state. Fiscal crisis and political change under Mubarak. Stanford university press.2010. Introduction and chap1and 6 • Ulrich Wurzel. The political economy of authoritarianism in Egypt. In Laura Guazzone and Daniela Pioppi. TheArab state and neo-liberal globalization. • Tim Mitchell, ‘Dreamland: The Neoliberalism of Your Desires, ’MERIP, Spring 1999. Available online at: http://merip.org/mer/mer210/210_mitchell.html • Novels: Alaa Al Aswany, The Yacoubian Building, Khaled Ahmed, East of the Ring road(Sharq al-Da’eri) and Ashraf al-Ashmawi, The Barman • Films: The Dreams of Hind and Camilia (Ahlam Hind wa Camilia), The return of a citizen (‘awdet Mowaten), Super-market, Carbs (Caboria),Love on hilltop of the Pyramid (al-Hob Fawq Hadbet al-Harab), nuts cracking (Qeshr al-Bondo’), Blood on the road (Dema’ ‘ala al-Asfalt) and A sour day, nice day (Youm Mor wa Youm Helw),

Recommended: • Doing Business in Egypt 2008 (World Bank) 2007, [Available at: http://www.doingbusiness.org/documents/subnational/DB08_Subnational_Report_ Egypt.pdf] [SKIM] • Egypt: Reforms Trigger Economic Growth, IMF Survey Magazine, February 13, 2008. [2 pages] Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2008/car021308a.htm • Sufyan Alissa, The Political Economy of Reform in Egypt: Understanding the Role of Institutions, Carnegie papers, October 2007. Available at: http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/cmec5_alissa_egypt_final.pdf • Joel Beinin and Hossam el-Hamalawy, “Egyptian Textile Workers Confront the New Economic Order,” MERIP Online, March 25, 2007. Available at: http://www.merip.org/mero/mero032507.html • Rabab El-Mahdi, “Enough! Egypt’s Quest for Democracy,” Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 42, Number 8, pp. 1011-1039, 2009. Available at: http://cps.sagepub.com/content/42/8/1011.full.pdf+html • Samer Shehata,” Afterward” in Shop Floor Culture and Politics in Egypt (American University in Cairo Press Edition) 2010. • John Sfakianakis, “The whales of the Nile: Networks, businessmen and bureaucrats during the era of privatization in Egypt,” in Steven Heydemann, ed., Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Revisited (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), pp. 77-99. • Joel Beinin, “Popular Social Movements and the Future of Egyptian Politics,” MERIP Online, March 10, 2005 [http://www.merip.org/mero/mero031005.html] • Joel Beinin and Hossam el-Hamalawy, “Strikes in Egypt Spread from Center of Gravity,” MERIP Online, May 9, 2007 [http://www.merip.org/mero/mero050907.html] • Joel Beinin, “The Militancy of Mahalla al-Kubra,” MERIP Online, September 29, 2007 [http://www.merip.org/mero/mero092907.html] • Manar Shorbagy, “Understanding Kefaya: The New Politics in Egypt,” Arab Studies Quarterly, Winter 2007 [Available online] • Nadia Ramsis Farah, Egypt’s Political Economy: Power Relations in Development (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press) 2009. • Nicholas S. Hopkins, ed., Political and Social Protest in Egypt, Cairo Papers in Social Science, volume 29, no. 2, 2009. • Eberhard Keinle, A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in Egypt (London: IB Tauris) 2000. • Karima Korayem, Structural Adjustment, Stabilization Policies, and the Poor in Egypt (Cairo Papers in Social Science) vol. 18, no. 4 Winter 1995/1996. • Robert Springborg, ‘Political Structural Adjustment in Egypt: A Precondition for Rapid Economic Growth,’ European University Institute Working Papers • Economist 2010(the special issue on Egypt which was banned) • Dennis J. Sullivan, ‘ Extra-State Actors and Privatization in Egypt,’ (pp. 24-45) and Khaled Fouad Sherif and Regina M. Sooc, ‘ Egypt’s Liberalization Experience and its Impact on State Owned Enterprises,’ (pp. 46-80), both in Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East, eds. Iliya Harik and Denis Sullivan, (Bloomington: Indian Univ. Press), 1992. • Tim Mitchell, ‘America’s Egypt: Discourse of the Development Industry,’ MERIP (March-April 1991). • S. Eddin Ibrahim, ‘Governance and Structural Adjustment,’ in his Egypt, Islam and Democracy (Cairo: AUC Press), 1996, pp. 135-181.

October 17th

Social Conflict and political change: Mirage of the Utopia

• Joel Beinin. Workers’ Protest in Egypt: Neo-liberalism and Class Struggle in 21st Century. Social Movement Studies, Vol. 8, No. 4, 449–454, November 2009. • Francoise Clément. Workers protests under economic liberalization in Egypt. In Nicholas Hopkins (ed.). Political and social protest in Egypt. Cairo papers in social science, vol.29, n. 2/3. p.135-154. • Novels: Ahmed Khaled Tawfik (Utopia), Ahmed Mourad (Vertigo) • Films : The Advocate (al-Avocato), Saving what can be saved (Inqaz ma Yomken Inqazo), Playing with the big guys (al-Le’b ma’a al-Kobar), Terrorism and Kebab(al- Irhab wa al-Kabab), al-Mansi , al-Kit-Kat, The asphalt’s devils (‘afareet al-asfalt), film Thaqafi, Hayna Maysara (Until Things Get better), Chaos (Heya Fuwda) and Shehat’s shop (Dokan Shehata)

Recommended: • Joel Beinin, The Struggle for Workers Rights in Egypt: A Report by the Solidarity Center, 2010 (Washington DC) (SELECTIONS) [available: www.solidaritycenter.org/files/pubs_egypt_wr.pdf] • Joel Beinin’s review, ‘Aspects of Egyptian Civil Resistance,’ MERIP, Nov-Dec 1992, no. 179, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 38-39.

October 20th MIDTERM

Part III: Egyptian Popular Culture & Politics

October 24th -27th

Evolution of a modern national culture in Egypt

• Israel Gershoni, “The Evolution of National Culture in Modern Egypt: Intellectual Formation and Social Diffusion, 1892-1945,” Poetics Today, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Summer 1992), pp. 325-350. • Lucie Ryzova, “Egyptianizing Modernity: The "New Effendiyya" Social and Cultural Constructions of the Middle Class in Egypt under the Monarchy” in Arthur Goldschmidt, Amy Johnson and Barak Salmoni (eds.), Re-envisioning Egypt (Cairo: AUC Press, 2005), pp. 124-163. • Walter Armbrust, Mass Culture and Modernism in Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1996 (SELECTIONS). • Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, pp. 324-340. • Primary Source: Taha Hussein, The Future of Culture in Egypt (New York: Octagon Books, 1977), Chapters, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12. • Films: Farewell Bonaparte (al-Wada’ ya Bonaparte)

Recommended: • Ashraf El-Sherif, On Hussein Sedki and the Mainstream Current’s Cinema in Egypt, Mada Masr, October 8th, 2014 http://www.madamasr.com/ar/opinion/culture/%D8%B9%D9%86- %D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86- %D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A- %D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1- %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A- %D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1 October 27th The Cosmopolitan Upper Class

• Magda Baraka, The Egyptian Upper Class Between Revolutions, 1919-1952 (Reading: Ithaca Press, 1998), pp. 141-209. • Michael Haag, Alexandria: City of Memory (New Haven, Conn.; London: Yale University Press, 2004), pp. 1-10. • Samir W. Raaft, Cairo: The Glory Years: Who Built What, When, Why and for Whom (Alexandria: Harpocrates, 2003), pp.25-35. • Samia Mehrez, Egypt’s Culture Wars: Politics and Practice (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press) 2010 (SELECTIONS: Introduction (pp. 1-14); Prologue – “Take Them Out of the Ball Game: Egypt’s Cultural Players in Crisis,” (pp. 14-22). • Margot Badran, Feminists, Islam, and Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt (Princeton: PUP, 1995), pp. 207-219. • Yasmin Moll, “Islamic Televangelism: Religion, Media and Visuality in Contemporary Egypt,” Arab, Media and Society, Issue 10, Spring 2010. Available at: http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=732 • Samantha M. Shapiro, “Ministering to the Upwardly Mobile Muslim,” New York Times Magazine, April 30, 2006 [Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/30/magazine/30televangelist.html] • Films: Beggars and Noblemen (Shahzon wa Nobala’), Mercedes, Summer steals (Sareqat Sayifeya), Sahar al-Layali (Sleepless nights) , Geneinet al-Asmak ( the Aquarium) and Four Women of Egypt

Recommended:

• Joel Gordon, Revolutionary Melodrama: Popular Film and Civic Identity in Nasser`s Egypt (University of Chicago: 2002). • Selma Botman, Engendering Citizenship in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), pp. 50-74. • W. Armbrust ed., Mass Mediations: New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and Beyond (Berkeley: UC Press) 2000 (esp. Introduction, chs. 7, 11, 12, and 13). • Ibrahim Fawal, Youssef Chahine (London: BFI Publishing) 2001. • Linda Herrera’s review of Armbrust in IJMES, vol. 33, August 2001. • Lila Abu Lughod. 1993b. “Finding a Place for Islam: Egyptian Television Serials and the National Interest.” Public Culture 5: 493–513. • Lila Abu Lughod. 1995a. “Movie Stars and Islamic Moralism in Egypt.” Social Text 42: 53–67. • Lila Abu Lughod. 1995b. “The Objects of Soap Opera: Egyptian Television and the Cultural Politics of Modernity.” In Worlds Apart: Modernity through the Prism of the Local, ed. Daniel Miller, 190–210. London: Routledge. • Lila Abu Lughod, MERIP article on Egyptian Soap Operas. • Walter Armbrust, "Transgressing Patriarchy, Sex and Marriage in Egyptian Film" MERIP 206 (28,1) Spring 98:29-31. • Joel Gordon, ‘Film, Fame, and Public Memory: Egyptian Biopics from Mustafa Kamil to Nasser 56,’ in IJMES, vol. 31, no. 1, February 1999. • Garay Menicucci, “Homosexuality in Egyptian Film,” MERIP, Spring 1998. Also available on-line: http://merip.org/mer/mer206/egyfilm.htm • Mustafa Darwish, Dream Makers on the Nile: A Portrait of Egyptian Cinema (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1998). • Viola Shafik, Arab Cinema: History and Cultural Identity (Cairo: AUC Press) 1998. • MERIP, July-August 1989, no. 159, issue on popular culture • Nicolas Puig, “Egypt’s Pop-Music Clashes and the “World-Crossing’ Destinies of Muhammad Ali Street Musicians,” in Diane Singerman and Paul Ammar, eds. Cairo Cosmopolitan: Politics, Culture, and Urban Space (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press) 2006 • Adrift on the Nile (Hussein Kamal, 1971. 115 Min.) • Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, ‘Silencing is at the heart of my case,’ Interview with Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd, interview in MERIP, Nov-Dec, no. 185, vol. 23, no. 6 1993, pp. 27-29. • Max Rodenbeck, ‘Witch hunt in Egypt,’ New York Review of Books, November 16, 2000. [Available at: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/13904] • Book Banning at AUC: Didier and the Maxime Rodinson Controversy (Joseph Logan’s article in Lingua Franca).

October 31st

Secular versus Islamic: The conflict over the public space

• Alexander Flores, ‘Secularism, Integralism and Political Islam: the Egyptian Debate,’ in MERIP, July-August 1993, pp.32-38. • Sami Zubaida, ‘Islam, the State and Democracy: Contrasting Conceptions of Society in Egypt,’ MERIP, Nov-Dec 1992, no. 179, vol.22, no. 6., pp. 2-10. • Meir Hatina. On the margins of consensus: the call to separate religion and the state in modern Egypt. Middle Eastern Studies, Jan2000, Vol. 36 Issue 1 • Novels: Fathy Ghanem, The Elephants (al-Afyal)

Recommended • Farha Ghannam. Remaking the modern: space, relocation, and the politics of identity in a global Cairo. Chap. 4.

November 3rd-10th

Islamists: The Muslim brothers and Islamic radicals: Stability and transformation of Egypt's strongest political force

• Richard Mitchell, The Society of the Muslim Brothers (NY: Oxford University Press) 1969/1993. Selections • John L-Esposito.. The Islamic Threat: Myth or reality? Chap.4 • D. Sullivan and S. Kotob, Islam in contemporary Egypt, chap. 3. • Zollner, Barbara. "Prison Talk: the Muslim Brotherhood's Internal Struggle During Gamal Abdel Nasser's Persecution, 1954 to 1971," International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 03 (August 2007). • Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Political Change in Egypt (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), Chas. 5-6. • M. El-Ghobashy. The Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers. International Journal of Middle East Studies; Aug2005, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p373-395 • Gilles Kepel, Muslim Extremism in Egypt: the Prophet and the Pharaoh (Berkeley: UC Press) 1993 (with Preface). [SELECTIONS] • Saad Eddin Ibrahim, ‘Anatomy of Egypt’s Islamic Groups,’ International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 12, 1980. • Salwa Ismail, “The Popular Movement Dimensions of Contemporary Militant • Islamism: Socio-Spatial Determinants in the Cairo Urban Setting,” in: Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 42, No. 2, 2000, pp. 363-393. • Fawaz Gerges, “The End of the Islamist Insurgency in Egypt. Costs and Prospects,” in: Middle East Journal, Vol. 54, No. 4, 2000, pp. 592-612.

Recommended:

• Starrett, Gregory, Putting Islam to Work Education, Politics, and Religious Transformation in Egypt (Berkeley: Berkeley U. Press, 1998), Ch. 7. • *Bruce Rutherford, “What do Egypt’s Islamists Want? Moderate Islam and the Rise of Islamic Constitutionalism,” Middle East Journal, vol. 60, no. 4, Autumn 2006 • Mamoun Fandy, ‘Egypt’s Islamic Group: Regional Revenge?’ Middle East Journal 48/4, Autumn 1994. • John Calvert, Sayyid Qutb and the Origins of Radical Islam (New York: Columbia University Press), 2010 [SELECTIONS] • Sayyid Qutb, Milestones (Selections, Chapters 3-4) [Available at: http://majalla.org./ • Ahmed Abdalla, ‘Egypt’s Islamists and the State,’ in MERIP, July-August 1993, pp. 28-31. • Amr Hamzawy and Nathan J. Brown, The Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood: Islamist Participation in a Closing Political Environment, Carnegie Papers, March 2010. Available at: http://carnegieendowment.org/files/muslim_bros_participation.pdf • Jason Brownlee, “The Muslim Brothers: Egypt’s Most Influential Pressure Group,” History Compass, 8/5, 2010, pp. 419-430. [Available online: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/123417047/PDFSTART]

Recommended Film: The Closed Door (al-Abwab al-Moghlaqa)

November 14th The Sectarian problem in Egypt • Pieternella Van Doorn-Harder, “Copts: Fully Egyptian, but for a Tattoo?” in Maya Shatzmiller, Nationalism and Minority Identities in Islamic Societies (Montreal: McGill UP, 2005), pp. 22-57. • “The Egyptian Copts: Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Definition of Identity for a Religious Minority,” in Maya Shatzmiller, Nationalism and Minority, pp. 58-84.

Recommended: • D Zeidan. The copts- Equal, protected or Persecuted? The impact of islamization on Muslim-Christians relations in Modern Egypt. • Samer soliman. Coptic protests in Egypt. In Nicholas Hopkins (ed.). Political and social protest in Egypt. Cairo papers in social science, vol.29, n. 2/3. p.135-154

Part IV: Into the mayhem and the collapse of the Mubarak's order

November 17th

Egypt's civil society, weak political parties and rise of new protest movements

• Maha Abdelrahman. Civil society exposed. Chap. 6. • May Kassem. In the guise of democracy. Chap. 3. • Albrecht, Holger (2005), “How Can Opposition Support Authoritarianism? Lessons from Egypt,” Democratization, 12, 3, pp. 378-397 • -Robert Springborg. Protest against a Hybrid State. In N. Hopkins (ed.). Political and social protest in Egypt. Cairo papers in social science, vol.29, n. 2/3. p.6-18. Recommended: • Mustafa Kamel al-Sayyid. Kefaya at a turning point. In N. Hopkins (ed.). Political and social protest in Egypt. p.45-59. • Samer Soliman. The State and syndicates crisis in Egypt. In Egypt's Human development report. 2007. November 21st

Reforming the regime and the ruling party: The story of Gamal Mubarak

• Jason Brownlee. A New Generation of Autocracy in Egypt. The Brown journal of world affairs. Fall/Winter 2007. volume xiv, issue • Evaluating Egyptian Reform by Dunne, Michele Carnegie Endowment for International Peace January 2006 • The Internal Stakes of the 2005 Elections: The Struggle for the Influence of Egypt’s National Democratic Party by Collombier, Virginie The Middle East Journal (2007)

November 24th

Military and politics: The temple guards

• Cook, Steven A. Ruling But not Governing: The Military and Political Development in Egypt, Algeria and Turkey. Chapter 1 • Kandil, Hazem. Soldiers, Spies and Statesmen: Egypt's road to Revolt. London: Verso, 2012. Introduction and prelude. • Vatikiotis, P. J. (1961): The Egyptian Army in Politics, (Indiana UP). P.3-20. • Zainab Abu al-Magd. Readings TBA

Recommended: Harb, Imad (2003): “The Egyptian Military in Politics: Disengagement or Accommodation,” Middle East Journal, 57, 2, pp. 269-290

Part V: 2011 Revolution and its aftermath

November 28th

January Uprising

Revolutionary Movements): Muslim Brotherhood, National Association for Change, Revolutionary Youth Coalition, April 6th Youth Movement, Kifaya, “We Are All KhaledSaeed” Facebook Page) Timeline: Egypt’s Revolution Analysis: Egypt Revolution and the collapse of the Mubarak regime

• Jack Shencker : The Egyptians: A Radical Story, SELECTIONS • Mark Lynch. Arab Uprisings: The unfinished revolutions of the New Middle East, SELECTIONS • Assef Bayat. Arab ‘refolutions’, Jadilyya.com, 2011 • Michael S. Doran, “The Impact of New Media: The Revolution will be Tweeted,” pp. 39-46 in “The Arab Awakening,” Brookings Press.

Recommended • Stuart Schaar, “Arab Dictatorship Under Fire in the New Information Age,” Economic and Political Review (Mumbai, India), Feb. 5, 2011. • Shadi Hamid, Egypt: The Prize, in The Arab Awakening: America and the Transformation of the Middle East, Brookings Institution Press.