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Status of Common Leopard Panthera Pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Kunjo VDC of Mustang District, Nepal
Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Status of Common Leopard Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Kunjo VDC of Mustang District, Nepal Submitted by Yadav Ghimirey M.Sc thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Environmental Management Evaluation Committee: Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah Advisor (Member) ………………………… Co-ordinator/AP (Member) ………………………… (Member) Yadav Ghimirey Previous Degree: Bachelor of Science Sikkim Government College Gangtok, Sikkim India School of Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Shantinagar, Kathmandu Nepal October 2006 1 Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms ………………………………………………...................i List of Tables .................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. iii List of Plates ……............................................................................................................. iv Abstract ..............................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... vi 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….....1 -
Chinese Mountain Cat 1 Chinese Mountain Cat
Chinese mountain cat 1 Chinese mountain cat Chinese Mountain Cat[1] Conservation status [2] Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1) Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Felis Species: F. bieti Binomial name Felis bieti Milne-Edwards, 1892 Distribution of the Chinese Mountain Cat (in green) The Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis bieti), also known as the Chinese Desert Cat, is a small wild cat of western China. It is the least known member of the genus Felis, the common cats. A 2007 DNA study found that it is a subspecies of Felis silvestris; should the scientific community accept this result, this cat would be reclassified as Felis silvestris bieti.[3] Some authorities regard the chutuchta and vellerosa subspecies of the Wildcat as Chinese Mountain Cat subspecies.[1] Chinese mountain cat 2 Description Except for the colour of its fur, this cat resembles a European Wildcat in its physical appearance. It is 27–33 in (69–84 cm) long, plus a 11.5–16 in (29–41 cm) tail. The adult weight can range from 6.5 to 9 kilograms (14 to 20 lb). They have a relatively broad skull, and long hair growing between the pads of their feet.[4] The fur is sand-coloured with dark guard hairs; the underside is whitish, legs and tail bear black rings. In addition there are faint dark horizontal stripes on the face and legs, which may be hardly visible. The ears and tail have black tips, and there are also a few dark bands on the tail.[4] Distribution and ecology The Chinese Mountain Cat is endemic to China and has a limited distribution over the northeastern parts of the Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai and northern Sichuan.[5] It inhabits sparsely-wooded forests and shrublands,[4] and is occasionally found in true deserts. -
PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3)
PICA Project Report (Action A2.2 & 2.3) Investigation of Pallas’s cat activity patterns and temporal interactions with sympatric species Authors: Katarzyna Ruta, Gustaf Samelius, David Barclay, Emma Nygren PICA - “Conservation of the Pallas’s cat through capacity building, research, and global planning” 1. Introduction: 1.1 Activity patterns of wild felids: Activity patterns form a part of species’ adaptation to their environment (Beltran & Delibes, 1994) and are therefore a fundamental aspect of animal behaviour (Nielsen, 1983; Weller & Bennett, 2001). Felids are generally considered to be crepuscular and nocturnal in their activity (Kitchener, 1991), although they are well adapted to function in a wide range of light conditions (Sunquist & Sunquist, 2002). Numerous abiotic pressures and biotic interactions are known to shape the temporal behaviour of (cat-like) carnivores (Marinho et al., 2018), including changes in temperature (Beltran & Delibes, 1994; Podolski et al., 2013), light (Huck et al., 2017; Heurich et al., 2014) and season (Podolski et al., 2013; Manfredi et al., 2011), sex and reproductive status of the animal (Kolbe & Squires, 2007; Schmidt, 1999; Schmidt et al., 2009), predation risk (Caro, 2005; Farías et al., 2012) and human disturbance (Wolf & Ale, 2009; Ale & Brown, 2009). Owing to the dietary constraints of carnivores whose preys have their own well-defined circadian rhythms (Halle, 2000; Zielinski, 2000), the availability and vulnerability of prey is, however, considered as one of the main influences on predator temporal activity (Zielinski, 1988; Lodé, 1995). According to Optimal Foraging Theory, predators are expected to synchronize their daily activity with the activity of their most profitable prey, increasing the probability of encounters while reducing energy expenditure (MacArthur & Pianka, 1966; Monterroso et al., 2013; Emmons, 1987). -
Origin of the Egyptian Domestic Cat
UPTEC X 12 012 Examensarbete 30 hp Juni 2012 Origin of the Egyptian Domestic Cat Carolin Johansson Molecular Biotechnology Programme Uppsala University School of Engineering UPTEC X 12 012 Date of issue 2012-06 Author Carolin Johansson Title (English) Origin of the Egyptian Domestic Cat Title (Swedish) Abstract This study presents mitochondrial genome sequences from 22 Egyptian house cats with the aim of resolving the uncertain origin of the contemporary world-wide population of Domestic cats. Together with data from earlier studies it has been possible to confirm some of the previously suggested haplotype identifications and phylogeny of the Domestic cat lineage. Moreover, by applying a molecular clock, it is proposed that the Domestic cat lineage has experienced several expansions representing domestication and/or breeding in pre-historical and historical times, seemingly in concordance with theories of a domestication origin in the Neolithic Middle East and in Pharaonic Egypt. In addition, the present study also demonstrates the possibility of retrieving long polynucleotide sequences from hair shafts and a time-efficient way to amplify a complete feline mitochondrial genome. Keywords Feline domestication, cat in ancient Egypt, mitochondrial genome, Felis silvestris libyca Supervisors Anders Götherström Uppsala University Scientific reviewer Jan Storå Stockholm University Project name Sponsors Language Security English Classification ISSN 1401-2138 Supplementary bibliographical information Pages 123 Biology Education Centre Biomedical Center Husargatan 3 Uppsala Box 592 S-75124 Uppsala Tel +46 (0)18 4710000 Fax +46 (0)18 471 4687 Origin of the Egyptian Domestic Cat Carolin Johansson Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Det är inte sedan tidigare känt exakt hur, när och var tamkatten domesticerades. -
Panthera Pardus) Range Countries
Profiles for Leopard (Panthera pardus) Range Countries Supplemental Document 1 to Jacobson et al. 2016 Profiles for Leopard Range Countries TABLE OF CONTENTS African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus)...................................................... 4 North Africa .................................................................................................. 5 West Africa ................................................................................................... 6 Central Africa ............................................................................................. 15 East Africa .................................................................................................. 20 Southern Africa ........................................................................................... 26 Arabian Leopard (P. p. nimr) ......................................................................... 36 Persian Leopard (P. p. saxicolor) ................................................................... 42 Indian Leopard (P. p. fusca) ........................................................................... 53 Sri Lankan Leopard (P. p. kotiya) ................................................................... 58 Indochinese Leopard (P. p. delacouri) .......................................................... 60 North Chinese Leopard (P. p. japonensis) ..................................................... 65 Amur Leopard (P. p. orientalis) ..................................................................... 67 Javan Leopard -
GIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia
CIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia Compiled and edited by J. MacKinnon, Xie Yan, 1. Lysenko, S. Chape, I. May and C. Brown March 2005 IUCN V 9> m The World Conservation Union UNEP WCMC Digitized by the Internet Archive in 20/10 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/gisassessmentofs05mack GIS Assessment of the Status of Protected Areas in East Asia Compiled and edited by J. MacKinnon, Xie Yan, I. Lysenko, S. Chape, I. May and C. Brown March 2005 UNEP-WCMC IUCN - The World Conservation Union The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, UNEP-WCMC, and IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNEP-WCMC or its collaborators have obtained base data from documented sources believed to be reliable and made all reasonable efforts to ensure the accuracy of the data. UNEP-WCMC does not warrant the accuracy or reliability of the base data and excludes all conditions, warranties, undertakings and terms express or implied whether by statute, common law, trade usage, course of dealings or otherwise (including the fitness of the data for its intended use) to the fullest extent permitted by law. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of UNEP, UNEP-WCMC, and IUCN. Produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Cffti IUCN UNEP WCMC The World Conservation Union Copyright: © 2005 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. -
The African Wild Cat, Felis Silvestris (Forster, 1780) and Synonym Felis Silvestris Cafra (Desmarest, 1822): an Overview
Chapter 1: General introduction CHAPTER 1 General introduction 1. The African wild cat, Felis silvestris (Forster, 1780) and synonym Felis silvestris cafra (Desmarest, 1822): an overview The African wild cat (Felis silvestris) has a wide distributional range (Fig. 1.1). However there is a paucity of information on all aspects of its biology. Since the wild cat is the ancestor of the domestic cat and they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring, hybridisation with the domestic form may be the biggest threat to the survival of wild cats today (Nowell & Jackson, 1996). 1.1 Phylogenetic relations and taxonomic classification Felid classification has a long and complex history fluctuating between extremes of “splitting” and “lumping” of the species (see historical review by Werdelin in Nowell & Jackson, 1996). Even on the subspecies level there has been considerable debate between the traditional taxonomic approach and the more contemporary approach using knowledge from population biology and genetics (Nowell & Jackson, 1996). The recent revolution in sequencing of genomes and new technologies to probe DNA has lead to the development of valuable new tools and methods for investigating phylogenetic relationships. Consequently, the first clearly resolved Feliday family tree has only recently been constructed (Johnson, Eizirik, Pecon-Slattery, Murphy, Antunes, Teeling & O’Brien, 2006, O’Brien & Johnson, 2007). The 37 felid species were grouped into eight lineages by molecular analysis, consistent with observations that lineages shared morphological, biological, physiological characteristics found only in their group. The recent findings suggest that all modern cats are descended from one of several Pseudaelurus species that lived in Asia around 11 million years ago (O’Brien & Johnson, 2007). -
Leopard (Panthera Pardus) Status, Distribution, and the Research Efforts Across Its Range
Leopard (Panthera pardus) status, distribution, and the research efforts across its range Andrew P. Jacobson1,2,3, Peter Gerngross4, Joseph R. Lemeris Jr.3, Rebecca F. Schoonover3, Corey Anco5, Christine Breitenmoser- Wu¨rsten6, Sarah M. Durant1,7, Mohammad S. Farhadinia8,9, Philipp Henschel10, Jan F. Kamler10, Alice Laguardia11, Susana Rostro-Garcı´a9, Andrew B. Stein6,12 and Luke Dollar3,13,14 1 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom 2 Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom 3 Big Cats Initiative, National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C., United States 4 BIOGEOMAPS, Vienna, Austria 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States 6 IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group, c/o KORA, Bern, Switzerland 7 Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx Zoo, Bronx, NY, United States 8 Iranian Cheetah Society (ICS), Tehran, Iran 9 Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom 10 Panthera, New York, NY, United States 11 The Wildlife Institute, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China 12 Landmark College, Putney, VT, United States 13 Department of Biology, Pfeiffer University, Misenheimer, NC, United States 14 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States ABSTRACT The leopard’s (Panthera pardus) broad geographic range, remarkable adaptability, and secretive nature have contributed to a misconception that this species might not be severely threatened across its range. We find that not only are several subspecies and regional populations critically endangered but also the overall range loss is greater than the average for terrestrial large carnivores. 31 December 2015 Submitted To assess the leopard’s status, we compile 6,000 records at 2,500 locations Accepted 5 April 2016 Published 4May2016 from over 1,300 sources on its historic (post 1750) and current distribution. -
Flat Headed Cat Andean Mountain Cat Discover the World's 33 Small
Meet the Small Cats Discover the world’s 33 small cat species, found on 5 of the globe’s 7 continents. AMERICAS Weight Diet AFRICA Weight Diet 4kg; 8 lbs Andean Mountain Cat African Golden Cat 6-16 kg; 13-35 lbs Leopardus jacobita (single male) Caracal aurata Bobcat 4-18 kg; 9-39 lbs African Wildcat 2-7 kg; 4-15 lbs Lynx rufus Felis lybica Canadian Lynx 5-17 kg; 11-37 lbs Black Footed Cat 1-2 kg; 2-4 lbs Lynx canadensis Felis nigripes Georoys' Cat 3-7 kg; 7-15 lbs Caracal 7-26 kg; 16-57 lbs Leopardus georoyi Caracal caracal Güiña 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Sand Cat 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus guigna Felis margarita Jaguarundi 4-7 kg; 9-15 lbs Serval 6-18 kg; 13-39 lbs Herpailurus yagouaroundi Leptailurus serval Margay 3-4 kg; 7-9 lbs Leopardus wiedii EUROPE Weight Diet Ocelot 7-18 kg; 16-39 lbs Leopardus pardalis Eurasian Lynx 13-29 kg; 29-64 lbs Lynx lynx Oncilla 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus tigrinus European Wildcat 2-7 kg; 4-15 lbs Felis silvestris Pampas Cat 2-3 kg; 4-6 lbs Leopardus colocola Iberian Lynx 9-15 kg; 20-33 lbs Lynx pardinus Southern Tigrina 1-3 kg; 2-6 lbs Leopardus guttulus ASIA Weight Diet Weight Diet Asian Golden Cat 9-15 kg; 20-33 lbs Leopard Cat 1-7 kg; 2-15 lbs Catopuma temminckii Prionailurus bengalensis 2 kg; 4 lbs Bornean Bay Cat Marbled Cat 3-5 kg; 7-11 lbs Pardofelis badia (emaciated female) Pardofelis marmorata Chinese Mountain Cat 7-9 kg; 16-19 lbs Pallas's Cat 3-5 kg; 7-11 lbs Felis bieti Otocolobus manul Fishing Cat 6-16 kg; 14-35 lbs Rusty-Spotted Cat 1-2 kg; 2-4 lbs Prionailurus viverrinus Prionailurus rubiginosus Flat -
Poisoning of Endangered Ara- Bian Leopard in Saudi Arabia and Its
short communication M. ZAFAR-UL ISLAM1*, AHMED BOUG1, ABDULLAH AS-SHEHRI1 & MUKHLID AL JAID1 depleted key prey populations like the Nubian ibex Capra nubiana, Hyrax Procavia capensis, Poisoning of endangered Ara- and Cape hare Lepus capensis (Al Johany 2007). As a consequence, the leopard has be- bian leopard in Saudi Arabia come increasingly dependent upon domestic stock for its subsistence, in turn leading to and its conservation efforts retaliation by those herders losing animals. Carcasses are poisoned and traps set to kill Many killings of leopards can be attributed to livestock protection. When catching the predator whenever it is encountered (Ju- goats, sheep, young camels or other domestic animals, leopards interfere with hu- das et al. 2006). Although legally protected, man activities and are seen as straight competitors. With the decrease of natural the current law enforcement is ineffective (Al prey species, they have to more and more shift their diet to livestock, which increas- Johany 2007, Judas et al. 2006). Finally, there es their unpopularity. In most cases, they are also considered as a threat for human. are reports of the sale of furs and rarely live As a result, leopard is hunted across its range, with different methods (trapping, poi- animals sold in the market. For example one soning, shooting). Poisoning using anticoagulant rat killer was common in the eight- cat was sold for $4,800 in the Al Khawbah ies, which was stopped in 1985 unlike trapping. A total of only five known incidences market in 1997 (Judas et al. 2006). Leopard of poisoning of Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr have been recorded in Saudi fat is valued by some locals for its perceived Arabia between 1965 and 2014. -
2019 Cat Specialist Group Report
IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group 2019 Report Christine Breitenmoser Urs Breitenmoser Co-Chairs Mission statement Research activities: develop camera trapping Christine Breitenmoser (1) Cat Manifesto database which feeds into the Global Mammal Urs Breitenmoser (2) (www.catsg.org/index.php?id=44). Assessment and the IUCN SIS database. Technical advice: (1) develop Cat Monitoring Guidelines; (2) conservation of the Wild Cat Red List Authority Coordinator Projected impact for the 2017-2020 (Felis silvestris) in Scotland: review of the Tabea Lanz (1) quadrennium conservation status and assessment of conser- By 2020, we will have implemented the Assess- Location/Affiliation vation activities. Plan-Act (APA) approach for additional cat (1) Plan KORA, Muri b. Bern, Switzerland species. We envision improving the status (2) Planning: (1) revise the National Action Plan for FIWI/Universtiät Bern and KORA, Muri b. assessments and launching new conservation Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) in Bern, Switzerland planning processes. These conservation initia- Iran; (2) participate in Javan Leopard (Panthera tives will be combined with communicational pardus melas) workshop; (3) facilitate lynx Number of members and educational programmes for people and workshop; (4) develop conservation strategy for 193 institutions living with these species. the Pallas’s Cat (Otocolobus manul); (5) plan- ning for the Leopard in Africa and Southeast Social networks Targets for the 2017-2020 quadrennium Asia; (6) updating and coordination for the Lion Facebook: IUCN SSC Cat Specialist Group Assess (Panthera leo) Conservation Strategy; (7) facil- Website: www.catsg.org Capacity building: attend and facilitate a work- itate a workshop to develop a conservation shop to develop recommendations for the strategy for the Jaguar (Panthera onca) in a conservation of the Persian Leopard (Panthera number of neglected countries in collaboration pardus tulliana) in July 2020. -
Critically Endangered Arabian Leopards Panthera Pardus Nimr Persist in the Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve, Oman
Oryx Vol 40 No 3 July 2006 Critically Endangered Arabian leopards Panthera pardus nimr persist in the Jabal Samhan Nature Reserve, Oman James Andrew Spalton, Hadi Musalam al Hikmani, David Willis and Ali Salim Bait Said Abstract Between 1997 and 2000 a survey of the unrecorded in Jabal Samhan. Although people are Arabian subspecies of leopard Panthera pardus nimr mostly absent from the Reserve there is some conflict was conducted in the little known Jabal Samhan Nature between leopards and shepherds who live outside the Reserve in southern Oman. Using camera-traps 251 Reserve. The numbers and activities of frankincense photographic records were obtained of 17 individual harvesters in the Reserve need to be managed to leopards; nine females, five males, two adults of safeguard the leopard and its habitat. The main unknown sex and one cub. Leopards were usually challenge for the future is to find ways whereby local solitary and trail use and movements suggested large communities can benefit from the presence of the ranges characterized by spatial sharing but little Reserve and from the leopards that the Reserve seeks temporal overlap. More active by day than night in to safeguard. undisturbed areas, overall the leopards exhibited two peaks in activity, morning and evening. The survey also Keywords Arabia, Arabian leopard, camera-traps, provided records of leopard prey species and first Dhofar, Jabal Samhan, leopards, Oman, Panthera pardus records of nine Red List mammal species previously nimr. Introduction thought to have come from Jabal Samhan in 1947, and a further specimen was obtained elsewhere in Dhofar in The Arabian subspecies of leopard Panthera pardus nimr 1947–1948 (Harrison, 1968).