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Biológico, São Paulo, V.70, N.2, P.107-216, Jul./Dez., 2008 178 21ª RAIB 143 ESTUDO DA PREDAÇÃO DA LARVA DO GORGULHO AQUÁTICO DO ARROZ PELO CAMARÃO DA MALÁSIA MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII.* MARQUES, H.L.A.1; TAKADA, H.M. 2; VILELLA, O.V.2; MARCANTONIO, A.S.2; RACHMAN, M.A.L.3 1Instituto de Pesca, Centro de Pesquisas em Aqüicultura, Av. Francisco Matarazzo, 455, CEP 05001- 900, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2Pólo Apta do Vale do Paraíba, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brasil. Study on predation of aquatic rice weevil larvae by the Malasian prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. A rizicarcinicultura, ou cultivo integrado entre camarões de água doce e arroz é uma prática comum nos países do Sudeste asiático, constituindo uma importante estratégia para agregar valor à cultura do arroz de forma sustentável. No Brasil essa integração é desenvolvida ainda de forma experimental, porém com resultados promissores, principalmente para os pequenos produtores. Uma das possibilidades visualizadas com essa integração seria o controle, pelos camarões em cultivo, de algumas pragas incidentes na cultura do arroz, já que os camarões são onívoros e predam pequenos animais bentônicos, principalmente, larvas de insetos. O gorgulho do arroz é considerada a principal praga dessa cultura, devido aos danos causados às raízes, o que diminui o rendimento de colheita e a qualidade dos grãos. Assim, o presente experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a intensidade de predação de larvas do gorgulho pelos camarões. Utilizou-se um tabuleiro de arroz com 717 m2 de área, plantado pelo sistema de transplantio manual de mudas, situado no Pólo Apta Vale do Paraíba, em Pindamonhangaba, SP. A variedade de arroz empregada foi a EPAGRI 109, que apresenta ciclo longo, compatível com o ciclo de desenvolvimento dos camarões. Dezesseis cercados construídos com madeira e revestidas com tela “sombrite” de malha 70%, medindo 1 x 1,2 x 1 m, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente dentro do tabuleiro, sendo que em cada gaiola foram plantadas 20 mudas de arroz, que permaneceram assim isoladas do restante do arrozal. Após 24 dias foram inoculados adultos de gorgulho dentro de todos os cercados, numa densidade de 50 adultos/cercado. Nove dias após essa inoculação, em oito dos cercados foram introduzidos camarões juvenis, com cerca de 1 g de peso médio, na densidade de 10 camarões/ cercado. Nos demais cercados não foram introduzidos camarões. A avaliação do número médio de larvas de gorgulho no sistema radicular por planta de arroz, foi efetuada 30 dias após a inoculação dos adultos, sendo registrados valores médios de 6,9 e 6,2 larvas/planta para as gaiolas com e sem camarões respectivamente. A análise estatística foi realizada através do teste de Tukey, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Conclui-se que os camarões não foram eficientes no controle das larvas de gorgulho em campo, embora observações realizadas em aquário revelassem que os camarões predam larvas de gorgulho quando estas são oferecidas como alimento. 144 LEVANTAMENTO DE DANOS CAUSADOS POR MICROCOLEOBROCAS MEGAPLATYPUS SP. (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) E LAGARTA-DAS-PALMEIRAS BRASSOLIS SOPHORAE LINNAEUS, 1758 (LEPIDOPTERA, NYMPHALIDAE) EM PALMEIRAS ORNAMENTAIS NO PARQUE “DR. FERNANDO COSTA” (PARQUE DA ÁGUA BRANCA) EM SÃO PAULO, SP. ZORZENON, F.J.; WING, J.; MENON, R. Instituto Biológico, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Vegetal, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, CEP 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Survey for Megaplatypus sp. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) and Brassolis sophorae Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in palms in “Dr. Fernando Costa” park, São Paulo, SP. Muitas pragas são reconhecidas como limitantes às palmeiras, comprometendo o desenvolvimento e o aspecto estético, destruindo folhas, estipe, raízes, pedúnculos florais, flores, frutos e sementes. Brassolis sophorae Linnaeus, 1758, é uma das principais pragas encontradas em palmeiras ornamentais, causando elevado dano estético e depauperamento generalizado. As lagartas causam severo desfolhamento nas palmeiras, depreciando-as economicamente. A lagarta mede de 6 a 8 cm de comprimento ao final de seu desenvolvimento e tem hábito gregário. O ciclo de vida varia de 81 a 115 dias, podendo haver quatro gerações por ano. Os danos são observados em áreas urbanas devido ao desfolhamento provocado nas plantas, presença de “ninhos” nas folhas e excrementos no solo na região da projeção da copa. Várias famílias de Coleoptera são consideradas brocas em palmeiras e em árvores, causando danos elevados direta ou indiretamente às plantas. Possibilitam a entrada de fitopatógenos, perfurando e consumindo tecidos sãos e sementes ou levando a um depauperamento generali- zado pela excessiva perda de seiva vegetal, na tentativa de cicatrização. Uma das principais microcoleobrocas encontradas infestando palmeiras pertence ao gênero Megaplatypus (Curculionidae, Platypodinae). Os adultos são xilomicetófagos, (cultivam fungos no interior da planta) e são atraídos pelo cheiro de fermentação exalado dos ferimentos mecânicos ou danos recentemente realizados por outras pragas. As larvas realizam galerias e podem ter um ciclo biológico muito longo, chegando a vários meses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de determinar a porcentagem de infestação destas pragas nas diversas espécies de palmeiras ornamentais encontradas no parque Dr. Fernando Costa. Observou-se 1151 palmeiras adultas dispostas em quadrantes nomeados Q1 a Q15 e área denominada “bosque”, entre maio e julho de 2008. As palmeiras foram observadas e identificadas por gênero e/ou espécie e classificadas visualmente como infestadas ou não infestadas, de acordo com a presença ou não de desfolha e exudatos no estipe. As porcentagens de infestação de Megaplatypus sp. e B. sophorae foram respectivamente: Archontophoenix alexandrae (palmeira real australiana) com 50,37% e 16,58%; Livistona chinensis (palmeira-leque-da-china) com 89,55% e 16,82%; Roystonea oleracea (palmeira-imperial) com 58,82% e 5,88%; Phoenix spp. (Fênix) com 67,90% e 19,75% Caryota urens (palmeira-rabo-de-peixe) com 56,52% e 0% e Washingtonia filifera (palmeira-de-saia) com 100% e 100%. Biológico, São Paulo, v.70, n.2, p.107-216, jul./dez., 2008.
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